Duho languages
| Duho | |
|---|---|
| (proposed) | |
| Geographic distribution | Northwestern Amazon |
| Linguistic classification | Proposed as one of the world's primary language families |
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
Duho is a proposed language family of South America, originally consisting of two well-established genetic groupings, Hodi–Saliban[1] (even though Raul Zamponi (2018) argues that Hodi is a language isolate) and Ticuna–Yuri. This language stock was proposed by Marcelo Jolkesky (2016), based on his previous but now disclaimed Macro-Daha stock which had also included the Andoque–Urequena languages.[2]
Prehistory
Jolkesky (2016) suggests that the homeland of Proto-Duho was in the Serranía de Chiribiquete.[3]: 590
Language contact
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with Chibchan languages due to contact, which may point to the earlier presence of Chibchan speakers in the Orinoco basin.[3]: 325
Classification
Internal classification of the Duho language family by Jolkesky (2016):[3]
- Duho
- Tikuna-Yuri
- Saliba-Hodi
Pronouns
Jolkesky's Duho languages have shared forms in *ʧ for "I", *kʷ for "you" and *t for "we", which are found in all languages.
language I thou he she we they Ticuna ʧò- ku- dĩ- ɡĩ- /i- tò- ta-́ Yuri tshuu wikú di - too - Saliba ʧ- ũku, kʷ- Ø-, i-, -di x-, -x t- h- Piaroa ʧ(u)- (u)ku, kʷ- Ø-, -de hʷ-, -h t(u)- tʰ(a)- Mako ʧ(V)- ɯkʷɯ, kʷ(V)- Ø- h(V)-, -h d(V)-, -dɯtʰɯ tʰ(V)- Hodi ʰtæ ʰkæ dæ - ʰtai hai Betoi r(u)- uhu, h(u)- Ø-, -ri Ø- r-, -nuto ?
Lexicon
Several basic words in Duho languages appear to be related. The following examples are given:
language tree mouth head hair path eat spirit offspring breast who what Ticuna dãi àː èrú ʧi bã̀ ɡõ̀ː ã́ẽ̀ dẽ´ biĩ´ tèẽ́ tàː Yuri noi i à gerühó ii -mó - - o nné - - - Saliba - aha iʤu - maa(-na) ikua õãĩ nẽ(-ẽ) omixe ã-diha ã-daha Piaroa dawi æ u(-ju) -ʦˀe mæ(-næ) ku ãẽ ĩtʰĩ ami di dæhe Mako towi a u; -ʤu -ˀʤe ma(-na) ku(-õ) - ĩtʰĩ omu ti tahi Hodi ʰtawɯ a ʰtu - ma(-na); -ma ʰku-õ ãwẽ(-no) ĩni me(e) - -
References
- ^ Rosés Labrada, J. E. 2015. Is Jodï a Sáliban Language? In: Workshop on historical relationships among languages of the Americas. Leiden, 2-5th September 2015, Universiteit Leiden.
- ^ Jolkesky, Marcelo. 2009. Macro-Daha: reconstrução de um tronco lingüístico do noroeste amazônico. ROSAE - I Congresso Internacional de Lingüística Histórica, 26-29 July 2009.
- ^ a b c Jolkesky, M. 2016. Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas. Brasilia: UnB. PhD Dissertation.
- Jolkesky, M. 2016. Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas. Brasilia: UnB. PhD Dissertation.
- Zamponi, R. 2017 (2018). Betoi-Jirara, Sáliban, and Hodɨ: relationships among three linguistic lineages of the mid-Orinoco region. Anthropological Linguistics 59: 263-321.