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Cantonment

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This article is about a military term. For the places named 'Cantonment', see Cantonment (disambiguation).

A cantonment (/kænˈtɒnmənt/, /kænˈtoʊnmənt/, or UK: /kænˈtuːnmənt/) is a military or police quarters.[1]

The word cantonment derives from the French word canton meaning corner or district[2] and describes a place during a military campaign, such as winter quarters, where units of an army may be encamped for longer periods than they are during advances and retreats. The term shares an etymological origin with the Swiss Cantons though the meaning has widely diverged.

In South Asia, the term cantonment also describes permanent military stations.[1] Cantonments can be found in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, South Africa,[dubious – discuss] Singapore, Malaysia, Ghana, Sri Lanka and Nepal. In United States military parlance, a cantonment is an essentially permanent residential (i.e. barracks) section of a fort or other military installation such as Fort Hood.

Campaigning

During a campaign, cantonments are places of encampment formed by troops for a more permanent stay, or while in winter quarters.[1] For example, at the start of the Waterloo campaign in 1815, while the Duke of Wellington's headquarters were in Brussels, most of his Anglo-allied army of 93,000 were cantoned to the south of Brussels.[3]

List of permanent cantonments

Afghanistan

The former Sherpur Cantonment in Kabul, Afghanistan - site of the 1879 Siege of the Sherpur Cantonment in the Second Anglo-Afghan War - is now maintained as a British Military Cemetery.

Bangladesh

Bhutan

The Indian Army maintains a training mission in Bhutan, known as the Indian Military Training Team (IMTRAT), responsible for the military training of RBA and RBG personnel. [8] RBA and RBG officers are sent for training at the National Defence Academy (NDA) in Pune, and Indian Military Academy (IMA) in Dehradun. [9] Project DANTAK of the Border Roads Organisation, a sub-division of the Indian Army Corps of Engineers, has been operating in Bhutan since May 1961. Since then Project DANTAK has been responsible for the construction and maintenance of over 1,500 km of roads and bridges, Paro Airport and a disused airfield at Yangphula, heliports, and other infrastructure. [10] While these serve India's strategic defence needs, it is also an obvious economic benefit for the people of Bhutan. [edit]Army aviation The Royal Bhutan Army relies on Eastern Air Command of the Indian Air Force for air assistance. In recent years India has helped Bhutan start to develop its military in all areas through military donations and training. [11] Indian Air Force helicopters evacuated RBA casualties to India for treatment during Operation All Clear in 2003

British India

Many cities in the Indian subcontinent, such as Ahmedabad, Ambala, Belgaum, Bangalore, Danapur, Jabalpur, Kanpur, Bathinda, Delhi, Meerut, Pune, Peshawar, Ramgarh, Rawalpindi, Sialkot, Secunderabad, and Trichy, contained large cantonments of the former British Indian Army, with Meerut and Ramgarh being the most important cantonments in North India after the headquarters at Rawalpindi. Meerut was established in 1803 and was for 150 years the biggest cantonment in the region. While in the 18th and 19th century cantonments in India were viewed as semi-permanent, by the turn of the 20th century they became permanent garrisons, and were further entrenched as such via the military reforms of Lord Kitchener in 1903 and the Cantonments Act of 1924.[4]

Ghana

India

There are 62 'notified Cantonments' in India occupying an area of 1,57,000 acres: 25 in Central Command, 19 in Southern Command, 13 in Western Command, 4 in Eastern Command; and one in the Northern Command.[5] In addition 15,96,000 acres is in use for military garrisons, "quartering, camping, offices", and training areas.[5] Major cantonments and garrisons are:

Notified Cantonments

  1. Agra Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command
  2. Ahmedabad Cantonment, Gujarat, Southern Command
  3. Ahmednagar Cantonment, Maharashtra, Southern Command
  4. Ajmer Cantonment, Rajasthan, Southern Command
  5. Allahabad Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command
  6. Almora Cantonment, Uttarakhand, Central Command
  7. Ambala Cantonment, Haryana, Western Command
  8. Amritsar Cantonment, Punjab, Western Command
  9. Aurangabad Cantonment, Maharashtra, Southern Command
  10. Babina Cantonment,Jhasi,Uttar Pradesh, Southern Command
  11. Badamibagh Cantonment, Jammu and Kashmir, Northern Command
  12. Bakloh Cantonment, Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh, Western Command
  13. Bareilly Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command
  14. Barrackpore, West Bengal, Eastern Command
  15. Belgaum Cantonment, Karnataka, Southern Command
  16. Cannanore Cantonment, Kerala, Southern Command
  17. Chakrata Cantonment, Uttarakhand, Central Command
  18. Clement Town Cantonment, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Central Command
  19. Dagshai Cantonment, Himachal Pradesh, Western Command
  20. Dalhousie Cantonment, Himachal Pradesh, Western Command
  21. Danapur Cantonment, Bihar, Central Command
  22. Dehradun Cantonment, Uttarakhand, Central Command
  23. Dehu Road Cantonment, Maharashtra, Southern Command
  24. Delhi Cantonment, Delhi, Western Command
  25. Deolali Cantonment, Maharashtra, Southern Command
  26. Dum Dum Cantonment,West Bengal,Eastern Command
  27. Faizabad Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command
  28. Faizabad New Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command
  29. Fatehgarh Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command
  30. Ferozepur Cantonment, Punjab, Western Command
  31. Jabalpur Cantonment, Madhya Pradesh, Central Command
  32. Jalandhar Cantonment, Punjab, Western Command
  33. Jalapahar, Darjeeling, West Bengal, Eastern Command
  34. Jammu Cantonment, Jammu and Kashmir, Western Command
  35. Jhansi Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Southern Command
  36. Jutogh Cantonment, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, Western Command
  37. Kamptee Cantonment, Maharashtra, Southern Command
  38. Kanpur Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command
  39. Kasauli Cantonment, Himachal Pradesh, Western Command
  40. Khas Yol Cantonment, Kangara, Himachal Pradesh, Western Command
  41. Kirkee Cantonment, Maharashtra, Southern Command
  42. Landour Cantonment, Uttarakhand, Central Command
  43. Lansdowne Cantonment, Uttarakhand, Central Command
  44. Lebong, Darjeeling, West Bengal, Eastern Command
  45. Lucknow Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command
  46. Mathura Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command
  47. Meerut Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command
  48. Mhow Cantonment, Madhya Pradesh, Central Command
  49. Morar Cantonment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, Southern Command
  50. Nainital Cantonment, Uttarakhand, Central Command
  51. Nasirabad Cantonment, Rajasthan, Southern Command
  52. Pachmarhi Cantonment, Madhya Pradesh, Central Command
  53. Pune Cantonment, Maharashtra, Southern Command
  54. Ramgarh Cantonment, Jharkhand, Central Command
  55. Ranikhet Cantonment, Uttarakhand, Central Command
  56. Roorkee Cantonment, Uttarakhand, Central Command
  57. Saugor Cantonment, Madhya Pradesh, Southern Command
  58. Secunderabad Cantonment, Telangana, Southern Command
  59. Shahajahanpur Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command
  60. Shillong Cantonment, Meghalaya, Eastern Command
  61. St. Thomas Mount Cantonment, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Southern Command
  62. Subathu Cantonment, Shimla Hills, Himachal Pradesh, Western Command
  63. Varanasi Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command
  64. Wellington Cantonment, Tamil Nadu, Southern Command

Unlisted Military Garrisons-Cantonments

[citation needed]

  1. Abohar Cantonment (Punjab)
  2. Agartala Cantonment (Tripura)
  3. Aizawl Cantonment (Mizoram)
  4. Akhnoor Cantonment
  5. Anand Parbat Cantonment (New Delhi)
  6. Bangalore Cantonment
  7. Bhuj Cantonment (Bhuj, Gujarat)
  8. Bhopal Cantonment (Madhya Pradesh)
  9. Bathinda Cantonment (Bathinda, Punjab)
  10. Bombay Cantonment (Mumbai, Maharashtra)
  11. Chandigarh Cantonment (Chandigarh)
  12. Daman Cantonment (Daman and Diu )
  13. Dum Dum Cantonment (Kolkata)
  14. Fazilka Cantonment (Punjab)
  15. Gandhinagar Cantonment (Gandhinagar, Gujarat)
  16. Gangtok Cantonment (Sikkim)
  17. Gopalpur Cantonment (Brahmapur, Orissa)
  18. Guwahati Cantonment (Assam)
  19. Hisar Cantt (Hisar, Haryana)
  20. Itanagar Cantonment (Arunachal Pradesh)
  21. Imphal Cantonment (Manipur)
  22. Jaipur Cantonment (Rajasthan)
  23. Jodhpur Cantonment (Rajasthan)
  24. Kavaratti Cantonment (Lakshadweep)
  25. Kohima Cantonment (Nagaland)
  26. Kollam Cantonment (Kerala)
  27. Ludhiana Cantonment (Punjab)
  28. Mamoon cantt (Punjab)
  29. Mumbai Cantonment (Maharashtra)
  30. Nagrota Cantonment, Jammu (Jammu & Kashmir)
  31. OEF Cantonment (Kanpur)
  32. Panaji Cantonment (Goa)
  33. Patiala Cantonment (Punjab)
  34. Pondicherry Cantonment (Pondicherry)
  35. PortBlair Cantonment (Andaman and Nicobar Islands)
  36. Raipur Cantonment (Chhattisgarh)
  37. Ramgarh Cantonment
  38. Ranchi Cantonment (Jharkhand)
  39. Silvassa Cantonment (Dadra and Nagar Haveli )
  40. Shahjahanpur Cantonment
  41. Surat cantonment (Surat, Gujarat)
  42. Thiruvananthapuram Cantonment (Kerala)
  43. Udhampur Cantonment (Udhampur, Jammu & Kashmir)
  44. Unnao Cantonment (Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh)
  45. Vadodra Cantonment (Vadodra, Gujarat)

Pakistan

Main article: Cantonments (Pakistan)

Singapore

In Singapore, the term is used to denote a Police Cantonment.[8]

Sri Lanka

United States

The United States military commonly uses the term "cantonment" to describe the permanent facilities at U.S. Army training bases as opposed to the field training areas. Cantonment areas often include housing (such as barracks and maid-service quarters), dining facilities, training classrooms, exchanges, and paved air fields.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Oxford English Dictionary cantonment
  2. ^ Oxford English Dictionary cantonment and canton, v.
  3. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition Waterloo Campaign
  4. ^ a b c Sheikh, M. O. Lahore Cantonment https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/momers_termpapers/ss153LahoreCantonment.htm&date=2009-10-26+02:56:58
  5. ^ a b "Directorate General Defence Estates Main menu". Directorate General Defence Estates. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  6. ^ "Military: Khuzdar Cantonment" Global Security
  7. ^ "Sarhad Conservation Network® Reports: Book on Peshawar Cantonment Launched". 27 October 2009. Archived from the original on 27 October 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Singapore Police Force
  9. ^ "Marseilles Training Center". www.il.ngb.army.mil. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Cantonment".

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