Girls' Generation
Girls' Generation | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Background information | |
Origin | Seoul, South Korea |
Genres | |
Years active | 2007–present |
Labels | |
Members | |
Past members | Jessica |
Website | girlsgeneration |
Korean name | |
Hangul | |
---|---|
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Sonyeo Sidae |
McCune–Reischauer | Sonyŏ Sidae |
Template:Contains Korean text Template:Contains Japanese text
Girls' Generation (Korean: 소녀시대; RR: Sonyeo Sidae), also known as SNSD, is a South Korean girl group formed by S.M. Entertainment. The group is composed of eight members: Taeyeon, Sunny, Tiffany, Hyoyeon, Yuri, Sooyoung, Yoona, and Seohyun. Originally a nine-piece group (with Jessica, who later departed from the group in September 2014), Girls' Generation debuted in 2007 with their Korean eponymous debut album. Though the album gained some attention, it was not until 2009 that the group rose to fame with the single "Gee", which claimed the top spot on KBS's Music Bank for a record-breaking nine consecutive weeks and was named the most popular song of the 2000s in South Korea by Melon. Girls' Generation further consolidated their popularity on the South Korean music scene with follow-up singles "Tell Me Your Wish (Genie)", "Oh!", and "Run Devil Run", which were released in mid-2009 and early 2010.
In mid-2010, Girls' Generation signed with Nayutawave Records (present-day EMI Records Japan) to venture into the Japanese music scene. Their June 2011 self-titled Japanese debut album peaked atop the Japanese Oricon Albums Chart and became the first album by a non-Japanese girl group to be certified million by the Recording Industry Association of Japan. The group's third Korean studio album The Boys was released in October 2011 and became the best-selling album of 2011 in South Korea with sales of over 380,000 copies. An English version of the single "The Boys" was released by Interscope Records in an attempt to expand the group's endeavor to the global music scene. The group's 2013 fourth Korean studio album I Got a Boy was supported by the single "I Got a Boy", which was subjected to major attention from Western media following its winning the Video of the Year award at the inaugural YouTube Music Awards. Their fifth Korean studio album, Lion Heart, was released in 2015.
Girls' Generation's signature musical styles are characterized as electropop and bubblegum pop, though their sounds have varied widely, incorporating various genres including hip hop, R&B, and EDM. They have sold over 4.4 million albums and 30 million digital singles as of 2012. The group's immense popularity in their native country South Korea has earned them numerous accolades and the titles "The Nation's Singers" and "The Nation's Girl Group". Girls' Generation is also deemed one of the prominent figures of the Korean Wave and one of the most popular K-pop acts internationally. They are the first girl group to achieve four music videos with over 100 million views on YouTube: "Gee", "I Got a Boy", "The Boys", and "Mr. Taxi". In Japan, they became the first non-Japanese girl group to have three number-one albums on the Japanese Oricon Albums Chart, and their three Japanese concert tours attracted a record-breaking 550,000 spectators, more than any other Korean girl groups.
Name
The group's Korean name is So-nyuh Shi-dae (Korean: 소녀시대, RR: Sonyeo Sidae), from the Sino-Korean root meaning "Generation of Girls"; they are also known as SoShi (Korean: 소시) or SNSD, both of which are abbreviated forms of the group's Korean-language name.[1][2] Because their name consists of Chinese roots, the group's name is similar in Chinese and Japanese: in Japan the group's name is pronounced as Shōjo Jidai (Japanese: 少女時代),[3] and in Mandarin Chinese as Shàonǚ Shídài (Chinese: 少女时代).[4]
History
2000–08: Formation and debut
Prior to the group's debut, some of the members were already involved in the entertainment industry. Yoona had gone through about 200 auditions for music videos, dramas, and movies before becoming a singer for Girls' Generation.[5] Sooyoung was exposed to the Japanese music scene as a member of a pop duo named Route θ, which disbanded one year after its debut in 2002.[6][7]
The first member of the group to join S.M. Entertainment's training system was Jessica in 2000, after she and her sister, Krystal Jung, were scouted in a mall in South Korea during a family vacation.[8] That same year, members Sooyoung and Hyoyeon were cast into S.M.'s training system through the 2000 S.M. Open Audition, in which Hyoyeon danced for her audition. Yuri was the next Girls' Generation member to become an S.M. trainee after coming second in the 2001 S.M. Youth Best Dancer competition. Yoona was cast the following year through the 2002 S.M. Saturday Open Casting Audition, where she sang and danced to her favorite singers, BoA and Britney Spears.[9] Seohyun, the group's youngest member, was scouted in the subway by an S.M. scout; she then auditioned in 2003, singing children's songs.[10]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Girls%27_Generation_at_the_2008_beach_volleyball_competition_in_Jamsil_2.jpg/220px-Girls%27_Generation_at_the_2008_beach_volleyball_competition_in_Jamsil_2.jpg)
The group's leader, Taeyeon, was cast in 2004 after winning first place in the S.M. Youth Singing Competition.[11][12] That same year, member Tiffany auditioned at S.M.'s Starlight Casting System in Los Angeles, and joined the company in October 2004.[13][14] The final member of the group to be added was Sunny, who had become an S.M. trainee in 1998 and trained for five years before moving to another company, Starworld. At Starworld, she trained to debut in a duo named Sugar, which never debuted. In 2007, on the recommendation of Japanese singer Ayumi Hamasaki, Sunny moved back to S.M. Entertainment and became a member of Girls' Generation.[15]
In July 2007, Girls' Generation had their first stage performance on Mnet's School of Rock, where the group performed their first single, "Into the New World" (다시 만난 세계; Dasi mannan segye).[16] On August 5, 2007, the group officially made their debut on SBS's Inkigayo, where they performed the same song.[17] Girls' Generation subsequently released their self-titled debut studio album in November 2007, which was preceded by the singles "Girls' Generation" (소녀시대; Sonyeo sidae)—a remake of Lee Seung-cheol's 1989 song, and "Kissing You". Girls' Generation became the 12th best-selling album of 2007 in South Korea, selling 56,804 copies.[18] The album has sold over 120,000 copies in the country as of 2009.[19] In March 2008, the album was re-released under the title Baby Baby.[20] The album was preceded by a single with the same name, which was released on digital music sites on March 17, 2008.[21]
2009–10: Breakthrough and Japanese debut
Though Girls' Generation had gained some attention with their 2007 debut album, it was not until 2009 that the group rose to stardom.[22] On January 7, the group released their debut extended play (EP) Gee, which has sold over 100,000 copies in South Korea.[19] Its title track occupied the number-one position on KBS's Music Bank after a week of release and remained on the top spot for a record-breaking nine consecutive weeks, becoming the longest running number-one song on Music Bank until 2012, when Psy's "Gangnam Style" claimed the top spot for ten consecutive weeks.[23][24][25] It also became the best-selling single of 2009 in South Korea.[26] The group's second EP Tell Me Your Wish (Genie) (소원을 말해봐; Sowoneul malhaebwa) and its titular lead single were released in June 2009.[27] The EP sold a record-breaking 50,000 copies in South Korea within its first week of release and charted at number 8 on the Taiwanese G-Music chart.[28][29] In November 2009, S.M. Entertainment announced the group's first concert tour, Into The New World, whose tickets for the South Korean shows were sold out in three minutes.[30][31] The tour visited Seoul (South Korea) in December 2009, Shanghai (China) in April 2010, and Taipei (Taiwan) in October 2010.[32][33][34]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Girls%27_Generation_in_2010_Golden_Disk_Awards.jpg/220px-Girls%27_Generation_in_2010_Golden_Disk_Awards.jpg)
Girls' Generation's second studio album Oh! was released in January 2010;[35] it peaked atop the Gaon Album Chart on the chart issue dated January 24–30, 2010 and has sold over 234,500 copies in South Korea as of 2014.[36][37] The album was preceded by the lead single of the same name, which claimed to top spot of the Gaon Digital Chart and became the 2nd best-selling digital single of 2010 in South Korea, selling over 3.3 million copies.[38][39][40] Oh! was re-released under the title Run Devil Run in March 2010, which subsequently charted on the top of the Gaon Album Chart.[41][42] Its titular single reached the top spot on the Gaon Digital Chart.[43][44] Oh! and Run Devil Run were commercial successes in South Korea, becoming the 2nd and 4th best-selling albums of 2010, respectively.[45]
In mid-2010, Girls' Generation signed with Nayutawave Records (present-day EMI Records Japan), which is a division of Universal Music Japan, to venture out to the Japanese music scene.[46] Their debut release in Japan was a DVD titled New Beginning of Girls' Generation, released in August 2011, which features seven of the group's music videos and a special bonus footage.[47] The DVD debuted at number 4 on the Japanese Oricon DVD Chart on August 23, 2010;[48] in doing so, Girls' Generation became the first Korean girl group to earn a top-five DVD on the Oricon chart.[49] It has sold 60,000 copies in Japan and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ).[1][50] In September 2010, Girls' Generation released the Japanese version of "Genie" as their debut single in Japan.[1] It peaked at number 4 on the Japanese Oricon Singles Chart and was certified platinum for digital sales exceeding 100,000 units by the RIAJ.[51][52] The following month, the group released their second Japanese single, "Gee", which reached number 2 on the Oricon Singles Chart.[1] "Gee" became the first single by a non-Japanese girl group to enter the top three of the Oricon chart since 1980.[53] It is the group's most successful single in Japan, selling 207,000 copies and achieving a million certification for sales figures standing at one million units by the RIAJ.[54][55] Amidst their Japanese activities, they also participated in the SMTown Live '10 World Tour alongside their labelmates, which started on August 21 at Seoul Jamsil Olympic Stadium.[56]
Girls' Generation's third Korean EP Hoot (훗; Hut) was released in October 2010.[57] It charted atop the Gaon Album Chart and at number 2 on the Oricon Album Chart, and became the 3rd best-selling album of 2010 in South Korea.[45][51][58] The title track debuted atop the Gaon Digital Chart on the week commencing October 24, 2010.[59][60] At both the 2009 and 2010 Seoul Music Awards, the group won two awards for Artist of the Year, becoming the fourth South Korean act and the first girl group to win the category in two consecutive years.[61][62]
2011–12: Japanese success, The Boys, and international expansion
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SNSD_at_LG_Cinema_3D_World_Festival_%284%29.jpg/220px-SNSD_at_LG_Cinema_3D_World_Festival_%284%29.jpg)
Girls' Generation continued their success in Japan with the single "Mr. Taxi / Run Devil Run", released in April 2011. The single peaked at number 2 on the Oricon Singles Chart and was certified Gold by the RIAJ.[63][64] After releasing three singles in Japan, their debut eponymous Japanese studio album was released in June 2011.[65] To promote the album, Girls' Generation embarked on The 1st Japan Arena Tour, which started in Osaka on May 31, 2011.[65][66] The album was met with tremendous success in Japan, peaking atop the Japanese Oricon Albums Chart and becoming the first album by a foreign girl group to top the Oricon chart.[67] Within its first month of release, Girls' Generation sold 500,000 copies and earned a double platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of Japan.[68][69] The album became the 5th and 15th best-selling album in Japan in 2011 in 2012 respectively, with total sales figures of 871,097 copies.[70] A repackaged version titled The Boys was released in December 2011 and peaked at number five on the Oricon Albums Chart.[51] In May 2012, Girls' Generation was certified million by the RIAJ, denoting shipments of one million copies in the country—it became the first album by a South Korean girl group and the second by a South Korean act to earn such achievement.[25][71] The album won the award for Album of the Year at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards Japan.[72] Following their successful Japanese debut, the group was regarded as the most popular K-pop girl group in Japan alongside Kara, which also earned several top five Japanese singles around the time.[73]
Girls' Generation's third Korean studio album, The Boys, was released in October 2011.[74] The album was released in the United States by Interscope Records, marking Girls' Generation's debut album in the country.[75] To help The Boys connect with audiences worldwide, the group made their debut on US television upon performing on Late Show with David Letterman on January 31 and Live! with Kelly on February 1.[76] They also performed on French television show Le Grand Journal on February 9.[77] The album became a success in South Korea, peaking atop the Gaon Album Chart on the week commencing October 16, 2011.[78] The release ultimately became the highest-selling album of 2011 in South Korea, with 385,348 copies sold.[79] As of 2015, The Boys has sold 460,959 copies in South Korea, becoming the best-selling album by a girl group and the second overall in Gaon Chart's history since its launch in 2010.[80] The lead single, "The Boys", peaked atop the Gaon Digital Chart and sold over 3.03 million copies in 2011.[81][82] In the United States, the single managed to sell over 21,000 digital downloads.[12]
In June 2012, Girls' Generation released their fourth Japanese single, "Paparazzi", which reached number 2 on the Japanese Oricon Singles Chart and was certified Gold by the RIAJ.[51][83] According to SoundScan Japan, the single sold 103,000 copies within its first month of release.[54] Three months later, the group released their fifth Japanese single "Oh!", which was their first number-one single on the Oricon Singles Chart, and achieved a gold certification by the RIAJ.[51][84] Girls' Generation released their second Japanese album, Girls & Peace, in November, which sold 116,963 copies within its first week of release and peaked at number 2 on the Oricon Albums Chart.[85] It was subsequently certified platinum by the RIAJ and became the 41st best-selling album of 2012 in Japan with 141,259 copies sold.[86][87] The album was further preceded by a single titled "Flower Power".[88]
2012–14: I Got a Boy, worldwide recognition, and Jessica's departure
In December 2012, Girls' Generation released "Dancing Queen"—a remake of British singer Duffy's "Mercy" (2008)—as the lead single from their then-upcoming 2013 Korean studio album.[89] On New Year's Day of 2013, the group released their fourth Korean studio album titled I Got a Boy.[90] On the same day, the group held an MBC special television program, Girls' Generation's Romantic Fantasy.[91] The album was a commercial success in South Korea, peaking atop the Gaon Album Chart;[92] it also claimed the top spot of Billboard's World Albums Chart.[93] The title track, "I Got a Boy", claimed the number-one position on Billboard's Korea K-Pop Hot 100 and the Gaon Digital Chart.[94] It was the eleventh best-selling digital single of 2013 in South Korea with total sales of 1,354,672 units.[95] Its music video won the award for Video of the Year at the inaugural YouTube Music Awards in 2013, beating other popular nominees including Psy and Justin Bieber, which was subjected to major attention from Western media outlets as the group was considered lesser-known compared to other candidates at the time.[96][97][98]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/LG_%EC%8B%9C%EB%84%A4%EB%A7%88_3D_TV_%EC%83%88_%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%B8_%E2%80%98%EC%86%8C%EB%85%80%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80%E2%80%99_%EC%98%81%EC%9E%85.jpg/250px-LG_%EC%8B%9C%EB%84%A4%EB%A7%88_3D_TV_%EC%83%88_%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%B8_%E2%80%98%EC%86%8C%EB%85%80%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80%E2%80%99_%EC%98%81%EC%9E%85.jpg)
In February 2013, Girls' Generation embarked on the Girls & Peace: 2nd Japan Tour, which started in Kobe on February 9.[99] The accompanying DVD was released in September 2013 and topped the Oricon DVD Chart, selling 53,256 copies within its first week of release.[100] The group's first world tour, Girls' Generation World Tour Girls & Peace, spanned from June 2013 to February 2014 and consisted of ten concerts in seven Asian countries.[101][102]
Girls' Generation released their first remix album, Best Selection Non Stop Mix, in March,[103] and a live album titled 2011 Girls' Generation Tour in April 2013.[104] The former charted at number six on the Oricon Albums Chart,[51] while the latter peaked at number one on the Gaon Album Chart.[105] Girls' Generation's third Japanese studio album, Love & Peace, was released in December 2013.[106] The album debuted at number one on the Oricon Albums Chart, selling more than 129,000 copies in its first week, and was certified gold by the RIAJ.[107][108] The album spawned two singles: "Love & Girls" and "Galaxy Supernova", charting at numbers four and three on the Oricon Singles Chart, respectively.[51]
Girls' Generation's fourth Korean EP, Mr.Mr, was released in February 2014;[109] it subsequently debuted at number one on the Gaon Album Chart upon its release.[110] The EP was the 5th highest-selling album of 2014 in South Korea, with 163,209 copies sold by the end of the year.[111] In the United States, the EP debuted at number 110 on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 3,000 copies.[112] The title track, "Mr.Mr.", charted atop the Gaon Digital Chart and sold 906,962 in 2014, becoming the year's 46th best-selling digital single in South Korea.[113][114]
In July 2014, the group released their first Japanese greatest hits album, The Best, which is composed of the group's previous singles and four new tracks: "Indestructible", "Divine", "Show Girls", and "Chain Reaction". It topped the Oricon Albums Chart for two consecutive weeks and has sold over 175,000 copies in Japan.[115][116] With The Best claiming the top spot of the Oricon Albums Chart, Girls' Generation became the first non-Japanese female group in Asia to have three number-one albums on the chart.[117] They also completed their third concert tour in Japan, Love & Peace, within that month. Commencing in Fukuoka in April 2014, the group performed 17 times in seven Japanese cities including Osaka, Nagoya and Tokyo. With three Japanese concert tours since 2011, Girls' Generation attracted a cumulative total of 550,000 spectators, setting the record for a K-pop girl group.[118]
On September 29, 2014, member Jessica announced that she had been dismissed from the group. S.M. Entertainment confirmed this and stated that Jessica was no longer a member of Girls' Generation due to conflicts between her and the group's schedules. Girls' Generation continued to promote as an eight-member group thereafter.[119] The remaining eight members proceeded with the group's activities, holding The Best Live concert at Tokyo Dome on December 9, 2014. The concert was a sellout and attracted 50,000 spectators.[120] The recorded show was released as a DVD in April 2015, which topped both Oricon's DVD and Blu-ray charts simultaneously.[121]
2015–present: Lion Heart
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Girls%27_Generation_at_KBS_Gayo_Daechukje_2015_06.jpg/220px-Girls%27_Generation_at_KBS_Gayo_Daechukje_2015_06.jpg)
Girls' Generation announced the single "Catch Me If You Can", their first release as an eight-member group, in March 2015.[122] It was recorded in both Korean and Japanese; the Korean version was released worldwide on April 10,[123] while the Japanese version was released on April 22, 2015.[124] It peaked at number 19 on the Gaon Digital Chart and number 8 on the Oricon Singles Chart.[51][125]
Girls' Generation revealed the cover artwork of their fifth Korean studio album Lion Heart on August 12, 2015.[126] It was subsequently released by S.M. Entertainment on August 19, 2015.[127] The album peaked atop the Gaon Album Chart,[128] and at number 11 on the Oricon Albums Chart.[129] According to Gaon Music Chart, Lion Heart was the 13th best-selling album of 2015 in South Korea, with sales figures standing at 145,044 units.[130]
Lion Heart produced three singles—the first being "Party", which was released in July 2015.[131] It peaked atop the Gaon Digital Chart,[132] at number 10 on the Japan Hot 100,[133] and number 4 on Billboard's World Digital Songs.[134] Following the release of "Party", Girls' Generation appeared on the Billboard Social 50 at number 44 on August 1, 2015.[135] The following week, the group's position on the chart rose to number 22.[136] The follow-up singles "Lion Heart" and "You Think" were made available in conjunction with the release of the album. They charted at numbers 4 and 30 on the Gaon Digital Chart, respectively.[137]
To promote the album, the group starred in a South Korean reality television program titled Channel Girls' Generation.[138] They further embarked on their fourth concert tour, Girls' Generation's Phantasia, which started on November 21, 2015 in Seoul. With this achievement, Girls' Generation became the first South Korean girl group to hold a fourth concert tour.[139] The group also concurrently embarked on their 4th Japan Tour, which commenced on December 12, 2015 at Nagoya.[140] In December 2015, the Gaon Music Chart announced that Girls' Generation was the most successful girl group in South Korea, selling a total of over 398,000 albums.[141]
In August 2016, in celebration of the group's ninth debut anniversary, a single titled "Sailing" was released. The lyrics were written by member Sooyoung, highlighting the relationship between the group and their fans.[142]
Subgroup and solo endeavors
In April 2012, S.M. Entertainment formed a subgroup of Girls' Generation named TTS (also known as TaeTiSeo), which is composed of three members: Taeyeon, Tiffany, and Seohyun.[143] TTS has released three extended plays: Twinkle (May 2012),[144] Holler (September 2014),[145] and Dear Santa (December 2015).[146]
In mid-2015, S.M. Entertainment announced that member Taeyeon would be the first to embark on her solo career and revealed that her debut album was scheduled to be released later that year.[147] Taeyeon's debut EP I was released on October 7,[148] and produced the lead single "I", which features South Korean rapper Verbal Jint.[149] The EP peaked at number 2 on the Gaon Album Chart and was the 16th best-selling album of 2015 in South Korea, with sales of over 119,500 copies.[130] Following Taeyeon's successful solo debut, member Tiffany was announced to be the second member following Taeyeon to embark on her solo career in May 2016.[150] Tiffany's debut EP I Just Wanna Dance was released on May 11.[151]
Artistry
Musical styles
"We don’t have any desire now to create a popular song like “Gee”. Of course if that happened, we would be perfectly happy, but what we continue to strive for is performance. Girls’ Generation's key advantage as a group is performance and vocal line so we worry a lot over songs that will fulfill both of these areas."
–Member Sooyoung discussing the group's music styles[155]
Girls' Generation's music is predominantly bubblegum pop and electropop.[89][152] The group's early singles such as "Gee", "Tell Me Your Wish (Genie)" (2009), and "Oh!" (2010) are described as "cutesy" bubblegum pop;[156][157][158] "Gee" also features elements of techno and hip hop.[152] Nevertheless, the group's musical styles have varied widely ever since; Anzhe Zhang from the New York University wrote that despite the fact that Girls' Generation's styles are deemed "mainstream" in South Korea, the group "has grown sonically more experimental."[159]
Their 2011 single "The Boys" departs for a more "mature" style from the group's previous emphasis on "cutesy" themes;[157] it incorporates elements from hip hop, a genre that Girls' Generation had never ventured into.[160] The titular studio album, according to AllMusic's reviewer Tim Sendra, includes uptempo dance tracks "with a straight pop radio feel."[161] Girls' Generation's 2012 single "Dancing Queen"—a remake of British singer Duffy's "Mercy" (2008)—features a "funky pop" production, as opposed to the group's signature electropop sound.[89] Their 2013 single "I Got a Boy" was noted for its eclectic musical style, utilizing various genres ranging from bubblegum pop, electropop and drum and bass to pop-rap, EDM, and dubstep.[154][162][163] Jeff Benjamin from Billboard lauded the song as "one of the most-forward thinking lead pop singles heard in any country."[154] Both aforementioned singles' parent album, I Got a Boy (2013), combines elements from a wide range of genres such as 1980s new wave, EDM, and classic and contemporary R&B.[164]
Girls' Generation's 2014 EP, Mr.Mr., features "exciting" R&B sounds with "cool, simple" melodies.[165] AllMusic's Heather Phares also noted inspirations of EDM, hip hop, traditional K-pop sound, and late-1980s europop on the EP, which she labelled "a set of songs that offers something for every kind of Girls' Generation and expands their musical reach."[166] The group's 2015 album Lion Heart brings back their signature bubblegum pop sound;[167] its third single "You Think", however, is a hip hop song that incorporates trap beats in its instrumentation.[168]
Lyrics and themes
Although most Girls' Generation's releases are written by songwriters for S.M. Entertainment, some members occasionally participated in songwriting. Member Yuri wrote the lyrics for "Mistake" from their 2010 EP Hoot.[169] Sooyoung penned the lyrics to "How Great Is Your Love" on the group's 2011 studio album The Boys.[170][171] Members Sooyoung, Yuri, and Seohyun wrote the lyrics for "Baby Maybe" and "XYZ" on the group's 2013 studio album I Got a Boy.[172]
The group's main lyrical themes as characterized by Chris True from AllMusic are "dance party" and "girls night out."[173] Girls' Generation's songs have been criticized by Western media outlets for not portraying female empowerment but promoting the opposite. Ceejay Lee from feminist magazine Fem criticized the "generic" themes of Korean girl groups like Wonder Girls or Girls' Generation as "sexist": "[They] infantilize themselves to emasculate males by pandering childlike, puritanical innocence [...] It only reinforces that females are weak beings that serve to gratify males and that males need to be 'man' enough to 'protect' them."[174] Stephen Epstein from the Victoria University of Wellington and James Turnbull from Dongseo University expressed concern that the lyrics of K-pop girl groups may raise considerable questions about the empowering nature of "Girl Group Fever"—particularly with singles "Gee" and "Oh!"[175]
Writing for The Harvard Crimson, Soyoung Kim wrote that "the representation of females in K-pop has been problematic" and singled out Girls' Generation's "Gee" as an embodiment; its repetitive lyrics "What should I do?" (어떻게?), "fool" (바보), or "I don't know" (몰라) suggest that the girls are "utterly clueless children" who "dumb [themselves] down" just to attract a partner. He further cited the single "I Got a Boy" as an epitome of the group's non-empowering lyrics, with lines such as "I got a boy, he’s awesome / I got a boy, he’s kind / I got a boy, handsome boy, my heart’s been taken away [...] My prince! / When will you rescue me?" Kim came to the conclusion that "female K-pop artists orient themselves around men in order to gain attention."[176] Despite the criticism, several of Girls' Generation's songs, such as "Run Devil Run", "Hoot", and "Bad Girl" (from their 2011 eponymous Japanese album) are noted for portraying "confident young women with their own opinion", which is a departure from their early singles.[177] The group's 2011 single "The Boys" was noted for conveying a feminist theme and was compared to Beyoncé's 2011 single "Run the World (Girls)" for the same "women-powered" content;[178] Eun-Young Jun in the book The Korean Wave: Korean Media Go Global (2013) noted its lyrics for depicting "sexually daring women" who are confident in their sexuality.[158]
Image
Girls' Generation is known for reinventing their fashion styles and stage performances throughout their career. In their early years, the group performed in uniforms; with the debut single "Into the New World", they introduced themselves as high school students.[179] In 2009, the group set the "colorful skinny jeans" fashion trend with "Gee",[180][181] and later opted for a marine-inspired image on wearing uniforms and shorts that highlighted their legs with "Tell Me Your Wish (Genie)".[182] In 2010, the group's image became more diverse: they used a cheerleader concept for "Oh!",[179] while the performances of their 2010 single "Run Devil Run" was noted for conveying a darker theme, which was billed "Black SoShi".[183] Later that year, the group transformed themselves to Bond Girls-inspired singers for the visual of "Hoot".[184] In 2011, the group established a "heroine" image, with members choosing their own outfits, emphasizing each of the members' own tastes rather than performing in uniforms.[184] For the performances of "I Got a Boy" (2013), the members opted to the use of flat shoes instead of their signature high heels in order to perform the choreography correctly.[185][186] Girls' Generation's visuals for their 2015 singles "Catch Me If You Can" and "You Think" were noted for intricate choreography moves with a more "powerful" and "sexy" image.[187][188]
Girls' Generation's image has often been regarded as "innocent", and their performances onstage are described as "youthful" and "colorful;" Ceejay Lee from Fem commented that Girls' Generation's outfits often reveal legs rather than "cleavages or derrieres."[174] Eun-Young Jung in the book The Korean Wave opined that the group's concepts fall into two main categories—"innocent, cutesy, happy" (early singles "Gee", "Genie", "Oh!") and "more mature, yet not overly sexy, feminine" (later singles "Run Devil Run" and "Hoot").[158] A writer for the Korean Culture and Information Service deemed the group's image as "sexy" and "girly" "goddesses that are hard to approach."[189] John Seabrook from The New Yorker described Girls' Generation as "a group of preppy-looking young women in skinny trousers. When they wear hot pants, it's to display the gams, not the glutes."[190] New York Magazine stated: "according to label executives and fans, [Girls' Generation's] appeal is not their music, which is catchy but derivative. Instead, the [group projects] a humility that gives their fans the illusion that 'when you see them on stage it’s like they’ve come to see you.' "[191] Taylor Glasby from Dazed remarked that not only the group's early "pure" image and music were appealing, but the members' personalities as a whole "uniquely solidified the GG experience into an intimate family affair," noting that their supporters look up to all the members as "sisters, role models and icons."[192] Discussing the public's scrutiny on the group's physical image, member Tiffany remarked:
At first it always bothers you even though you say it doesn't. But I think if you want to exceed limits, you have to suck that all in and be happy with what you have. At first it was painful to watch all those things but now I take it as constructive criticism or I don't bother to look at it.[192]
Legacy
"We always said this among ourselves in the beginning. Popularity, like the seasons, comes and goes around. If it’s spring for one of us, let’s not get conceited. What’s important is not individual popularity, but the longevity of our team. When each and every one of us does well, Girls’ Generation will do well."
–Member Sunny discussing the group's view on their popularity[193]
Girls' Generation has been regarded as a prominent figure in South Korean culture and the Korean Wave.[177][194][195][196][197] In South Korea, they are credited as the lead female group that shifted the public's focus back to female idols after the Korean music industry experienced an influx of male idol groups from 2002 to 2007.[198] ABC's news program Nightline referred to Girls' Generation as the "hottest act" of K-pop.[199] Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian emphasized the group's claim of being "Asia's No 1 girl group" on their Twitter page and said that "anything more would be superfluous."[200] CNN noted the group as a "national phenomenon" in South Korea and labelled them the "Asian version" of British girl group Spice Girls,[97] while fashion expert David Yi of Mashable described the group as the sole contributor who turned K-pop into a "huge phenomenon."[201] Tyler Brûlé of the Financial Times selected the group as the seventh most recognizable figure of Korean culture, the only musical act to make the list.[202] Japanese magazine Nikkei Business suggested the group's international expansion and success was the musical equivalent to Samsung's global trend.[203]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/SNSDfans.jpg/220px-SNSDfans.jpg)
Their immense popularity in South Korea has earned the group the titles "The Nation's Singers" (국민가수; Gukmin gasu) and "The Nation's Girl Group".[204] The New York Daily News selected them as one of the prominent girl groups of the 2010s along with Fifth Harmony and Little Mix, the only South Korean girl group to be included.[205] They were named among the most powerful and influential people in their native country: the Sisa Journal named the group as the most influential entertainers of 2011 and 2012,[206] while Asia Today placed the group at number 40 on their 50 Korean Power Leaders list in 2011.[207] Since 2007, Girls' Generation has consistently ranked in the top five of Gallup Korea's "Artist of the Year" and topped the list from 2009 to 2011.[208] The group has also consistently appeared on the top ten of Forbes's Korea Power Celebrity 40, topping the list in 2011, 2012, and 2014, and placing second in 2010 and 2013.[209] In 2011, the Korean Institute for Industrial Policy Studies named the group as one of South Korea's "super brands."[210] In 2012, Girls' Generation became the first Korean celebrity to have official postage stamps distributed by the Korea Post.[211] The group was among the five South Korean acts that best represent K-pop during the past two decades according to a 2015 poll by Korea Creative Content Agency.[212]
The successful 2009 single "Gee" was a breakthrough point in the group's career. It was named "Song of the Decade" by Melon and regarded as one of the first K-Pop songs to gain international attention—students at Harvard University in the United States highlighted the song as part of their study on Korean culture.[213][214] The song was also deemed the factor that increased online search for K-pop from 2009, according to Google's Statistics.[215] The group’s foray into the Japanese market was another landmark in their career—their debut Japanese album marked the highest sales of a non-Japanese artist's first album.[216] Ian Martin of The Japan Times noted that the group's popularity was still strong even after the Korean Wave appeal has died down in Japan in 2011-12.[217] The group became the main feature in the K-pop section of Japanese textbooks.[218] During 2009–2011, the group generated 68.8 billion won, raking in 21.7 billion won in profits and becoming the highest profit earner for their label SM Entertainment.[219][220] During the first half of 2014, they raked in 30.3 billion won in profit.[221] In Japan, the group consistently ranked among K-pop's highest-grossing acts, generating 12 billion won, 71 billion won and 55 billion won in revenue in 2010, 2011, and 2012 respectively.[222][223][224]
Girls' Generation has amassed numerous achievements and awards. As of 2012, they have sold over 30 million digital singles and 4.4 million albums, making them one of the best-selling artists in South Korea.[22] Their songs have been widely recognized as the signature songs of K-pop: Pitchfork Media listed "I Got a Boy" and "Gee" as part of their list of 20 essential K-pop songs, crediting them as the "magnum opera" of modern Korean music.[153][156] Spin labelled "Run Devil Run" and "Gee" the 11th and 5th greatest K-pop songs, respectively,[225] while WatchMojo.com ranked "Gee" second on their list of Top 10 Iconic K-Pop Songs.[226] They became the first girl group to achieve four music videos with over 100 million views on YouTube with "Gee", "I Got a Boy", "The Boys", and "Mr. Taxi".[227][228][229][230] According to Billboard's statistics, Girls' Generation is the top touring K-pop girl group–they held 65 shows between 2013-2016.[231] Their second Japan tour was the most attended concert tour by a K-pop girl group while their third Japan tour, which grossed 31.6 million, became the world's 4th highest grossing tour by a girl group of all time. Girls' Generation's four other concert tours also made the Top 10's highest grossing list.[231][232][233]
The group won two Digital Daesang awards and one Disk Daesang award at the Golden Disk Awards, making them the first girl group to win a Grand Prize three times in a row in the award show’s history.[234] They also won two Daesang at the Seoul Music Awards and were crowned both Artist of the Year and Best Female Group at the 2011 Mnet Asian Music Awards.[235][236] On the other hand, Soshified, Girls' Generation's English international fan community, were able to raise over $100,000 in helping various charitable causes.[237]
Endorsements
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/SNSD_Cooky_Phone.jpg/220px-SNSD_Cooky_Phone.jpg)
Girls' Generation are regarded as one of the most sought-out advertisers in South Korea.[238] Marketers named the group as the models with the most influence over consumers, attributing the group's positive attention from the public to their vocals, looks, and fashion sense.[239] In 2009, the popularity of "Gee" helped the group generated 1.5 billion won in endorsement revenue.[240] In 2011 and 2012, the members of Girls' Generation combined were the South Korean celebrities who shot the most number of commercials.[241][242] The group has appeared in over forty endorsement deals—major ones included LG, Intel, Korean chicken chain Goobne Chicken, Casio, Samantha Thavasa, Domino's Pizza and Lotte.[190][243] They also collaborated with Korean shopping mall 10 Corso Como Seoul to create their own perfume brand "Girl".[244]
Discography
|
|
Tours
HeadliningAsia tours
Japan tours
Special concerts
|
Concert participation
|
Filmography
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Schwartz, Rob (December 3, 2010). "Korea's Girls' Generation/SNSD Ready To Storm Japan". Billboard. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014.
- ^ "Girls' Generation Fans Explain the 'Optimism & Hope' of the K-Pop Girl Group". Billboard. August 19, 2015. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
- ^ Schreiber, Mark (September 2, 2012). "Will the Takeshima dispute break the Korean wave?". The Japan Times. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
- ^ "SM娱乐官方声明确认郑秀妍退团 少女时代将由8人活动" [SM Announce That SNSD Will Have 8 Members Following Jessica's Departure] (in Chinese). China Radio International. September 30, 2014. Retrieved May 2, 2015.
- ^ 윤아 '연기 오디션 200번, 자신감 있는 태도 중요' [Yoona '200 acting auditions, confident attitude is important'] (in Korean). Nate News. December 1, 2013. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
- ^ "Route 0 – profile" (in Japanese). R&C Japan Ltd. Archived from the original on February 16, 2006.
- ^ Song Hye-jin (February 12, 2009). 데뷔 7년차 중견가수, '소녀시대' 멤버가 되다 [7 singers debut mid-year, 'Girls' Generation' ranked]. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved February 26, 2015.
- ^ "제시카, '관객 앞에서의 제 목소리에 감동했어요' (Jessica 'the audience was impressed with the voice')" (in Korean). The Chosun Ilbo. February 18, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
- ^ SM Town (2012). I AM: SMTOWN Live World Tour in Madison Square Garden (Blu-Ray). New York, U.S.: S.M. Entertainment.
- ^ "SNSD's Seohyun-f(x)'s Sulli past auditions 'Infinite Challenge' surprise audience" 소녀시대 서현-에프엑스 설리 과거 오디션 '무한도전' 깜짝등장. JoongAng Ilbo (in Korean). July 24, 2010. Archived from the original on January 3, 2015.
- ^ Kim Soe-jung (January 18, 2008). "Schools for stardom groom pop wannabes". JoongAng Ilbo. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
- ^ a b "Girls' Generation Making Its American Dream Come True". Billboard Korea. November 13, 2011. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
- ^ "소녀시대 티파니 'LA 축제서 캐스팅'" [SNSD's Tiffany 'LA festival casting'] (in Korean). Newsen. August 1, 2007. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
- ^ 홀로 숙소 지키는 티파니 '이제서야 외로움이 몰려와요' [Tiffany keeps the hostel alone]. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). February 13, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
- ^ "소녀시대 써니 SM 이수만 친조카 '슈가 후속 그룹 멤버 될 뻔'". The Asia Economy Daily (in Korean). November 30, 2007. Retrieved June 15, 2010.
- ^ 소녀시대, 19일 데뷔곡 '다시 만난 세계' 공개 [Girls' Generation debut song released on the 19th] (in Korean). iNews24. July 17, 2007. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
- ^ 소녀시대, 8월 5일 '인기가요'서 데뷔식 치른다 [Girls' Generation debut on 'Inkigayo' on August 5]. Korea Economic Daily (in Korean). July 30, 2007. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
- ^ 2007.총결산 판매량 [2007 Statistics] (in Korean). Music Industry Association of Korea. Archived from the original on February 28, 2009.
- ^ a b 소녀시대, 올 첫 10만장 돌파..2연속 10만장 판매 [Girls' Generation, two albums exceeding 100 thousand sales mark] (in Korean). Star News. March 17, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
- ^ "Baby Baby (소녀시대 Repackage)" (in Korean). Melon. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
- ^ 팬들 아쉬워 [Disappointed fans] (in Korean). Newsen. April 13, 2008. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
- ^ a b McCurry, Justin (November 17, 2012). "After Psy's Gangnam Style, here come Korea pop princesses Girls' Generation". The Guardian. Archived from the original on March 17, 2014.
- ^ Lee Jeong-hyeok (January 16, 2009). '소녀시대', KBS와 갈등?...2주 연속 출연 안해 [Girls' Generation Claim No.1 Position on KBS]. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved January 16, 2009.
- ^ "Girls Generation to Return With New Album". The Korea Times. June 15, 2009. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
- ^ a b Song Cheol-min (2016). "The Meteoric Rise of Idol Groups in Korea". K-pop Beyond Asia. Korean Culture and Information Service. p. 56 & 68. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
- ^ Han Sang-hee (February 23, 2010). "Korea Launches First Official Music Charts Gaon". The Korea Times. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010.
- ^ Kim Hyeong-u (June 23, 2009). 소녀시대 제로센 논란에 음반 발매일 29일로 연기 '문제 부분 삭제' [Girls' Generation's New Mini Album Titled 'Tell Me Your Wish'] (in Korean). Newsen. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|script-title=
: missing prefix (help) - ^ 소녀시대 가요계 올킬 '음반 음원 벨 방송횟수 모두 1위 싹쓸이' [Girls' Generation's New Mini Album Claim the Top Spot on Music Websites] (in Korean). Newsen. July 7, 2009. Archived from the original on December 16, 2013.
- ^ "G-Music Weekly Chart" (in Chinese). Taiwan: G-Music. August 11, 2009. Archived from the original on August 19, 2009.
- ^ Lynn, Kim (November 11, 2009). "Girls' Generation to embark on Asia tour next month". The Asia Economy Daily. Retrieved November 29, 2009.
- ^ "Girls' Generation Gig Sells Out in 3 Minutes". The Chosun Ilbo. November 24, 2009. Retrieved November 29, 2009.
- ^ Han Sang Hee (November 11, 2009). "Girls' Generation to Hold Asian Tour". The Korea Times. Retrieved November 29, 2009.
- ^ "Girls' Generation to embark on Asia tour next month". The Asia Economy Daily. November 11, 2009. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ 少女時代、台湾コンサート最多観客記録 [Girls' Generation To Visit Taiwan] (in Chinese). Innolife. October 18, 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ "Girls Generation to release 2nd album". The Korea Herald. January 21, 2010. Archived from the original on February 9, 2010.
- ^ "Gaon Album Chart – Week 6 of 2010" (in Korean). Gaon Album Chart. Gaon Music Chart. January 24–30, 2010. Archived from the original on February 12, 2015.
- ^ "가온 차트 역대 음반판매량 Top 100 (2010~2014)" [Top 100 Albums on Gaon Chart (2011~2014)] (in Korean). Korea Music Content Industry Association. Archived from the original on January 16, 2015.
- ^ 치어리더로 변신한 소녀시대, 'Oh!' 뮤직비디오 27일 공개! [Girls' Generation Next Album 'Oh!' and Title Song Released on January 27]. The Chosun Ilbo. January 27, 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ "Gaon Digital Chart – Week 6 of 2010" (in Korean). Gaon Digital Chart. Gaon Music Chart. January 31, 2010. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013.
- ^ "Gaon Download Chart – 2010" (in Korean). Gaon Download Chart. Gaon Music Chart. Archived from the original on February 28, 2014.
- ^ "Run Devil Run by Girls' Generation". iTunes Store US. Apple Inc. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012.
- ^ "Gaon Album Chart" (in Korean). Gaon Album Chart. Gaon Music Chart. March 21–27, 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ Baek Ki-hye (March 17, 2010). 블랙 소시' 베일 벗은 소녀시대, 신곡 음원 공개 [Girls' Generation Transform to Sexy Black Images]. Korea Economic Daily (in Korean). Retrieved March 16, 2010.
- ^ "Gaon Digital Chart: Week 14, 2010" (in Korean). Gaon Digital Chart. Gaon Music Chart. Retrieved May 1, 2015.
- ^ a b "2010 Yearly Album Chart" (in Korean). Gaon Album Chart. Gaon Music Chart. Archived from the original on February 13, 2011. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Girls' Generation Poised for Big Time in Japan". The Chosun Ilbo. August 7, 2010. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
- ^ Han Sang-hee (June 11, 2010). "Girls' Generation to debut in Japan". The Korea Times. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
- ^ 少女時代到来~来日記念盤~ New Beginning of Girls' Generation [Girls' Generation – New Beginning of Girls' Generation] (in Japanese). Oricon. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ 美脚"グループ・少女時代、韓国女性グル―プ初のDVD総合TOP5入り [Long-legged girl group Girls' Generation Reach Top Five on DVD Chart] (in Japanese). Oricon. August 18, 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
{{cite web}}
: Invalid|script-title=
: missing prefix (help) - ^ "February 2011 Report" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on February 17, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h 少女時代の作品 (in Japanese). Oricon. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ "March 2012 Report" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on June 27, 2012.
- ^ Kim, Sunny (October 26, 2010). "Girls' Generation Breaks a 30-Year-Old Oricon record and release 'Hoot'". MTV K. Archived from the original on December 3, 2010.
- ^ a b Benjamin, Jeff (July 12, 2012). "Girls' Generation Push Japanese Domination With 'Paparazzi,' 1 Million Albums Sold". Billboard. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ "February 2014 Report" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on March 5, 2014.
- ^ "SM Entertainment to launch world tour". The Korea Times. July 2, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
- ^ Kim, Sunny (October 27, 2010). "Super Junior's Siwon To Make A Special Appearance In Girls Generation's 'Hoot' MV!". MTV K. Archived from the original on November 9, 2010.
- ^ "Gaon Album Chart – Week 44 of 2010" (in Korean). Gaon Album Chart. Gaon Music Chart. October 24–30, 2010. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013.
- ^ "Q&A on K-pop with Lars Halvor Jensen". HitQuarters. October 24, 2011. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
- ^ "Gaon Digital Chart – Week 44 of 2010" (in Korean). Gaon Digital Chart. Gaon Music Chart. October 24–30, 2010. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013.
- ^ 소녀시대, 서울가요대상 '대상'... 4관왕 '영예' [Girls' Generation Became the Fourth Act to Win 'Artist of the Year' Twice]. Star News. January 20, 2011. Retrieved January 21, 2011.
- ^ 소녀시대 3관왕 지겹나? 이번에는 4관왕 [Girls' Generation Is the 4th Act to Win 'Artist of the Year' Twice]. Naver. January 20, 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
- ^ "Oricon's Weekly Chart April 25-May 1, 2011" (in Japanese). Oricon. May 2011. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
- ^ "April 2011 Report" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on June 23, 2011.
- ^ a b "South Korean girl group Girls' Generation tops Japanese chart". Yonhap. June 7, 2011. Retrieved December 27, 2014.
- ^ Kim Yoon-mi (July 24, 2011). "Girl's Generation happy with broadening fan base". The Korea Herald. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
- ^ 少女時代、オリジナルアルバムで初の週間1位を狙う [Girls' Generation Score A No.1 Album] (in Japanese). Oricon. June 2, 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ St. Michel, Patrick (September 13, 2011). "How Korean Pop Conquered Japan". The Atlantic. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ "Girls' Generation and the New Korean Wave". Asia Sentinel. October 21, 2011. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ 2011 and 2012 year-end Oricon albums chart:
- "CD&DVDランキング特集" (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on March 9, 2014.
- "CD&DVDランキング特集" (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on March 13, 2014.
- ^ "May 2012 Report" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on June 11, 2012.
- ^ Lee Woo-young (June 24, 2012). "2PM, 2NE1, Girls' Generation win at Japan MTV awards". The Korea Herald. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
- ^ Matsutani, Minoru (August 30, 2011). "K-pop striking chord with the young". The Japan Times. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
- ^ "3집 The Boys" (in Korean). Naver. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ Osei, Anthony (October 19, 2011). "Watch the New Music Video From the 9-Girl Korean Pop Group 'Girls' Generation'". Complex. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ Edussuriya, Samantha (January 31, 2012). "SNSD Hits US Media Bullseye with 'Letterman' and 'Live With Kelly' Appearances". MTV. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012.
- ^ "Girls' Generation appeared on two French TV channels after US tour". The Kyunghyang Shinmun. February 10, 2012. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
- ^ "Gaon Album Chart: Week 44 of 2011" (in Korean). Gaon Album Chart. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015.
- ^ "2011 Year-End Chart" (in Korean). Gaon Album Chart. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ "Top 100 Albums (2010-2015)" (in Korean). Korean Music Content Industry Association. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
- ^ "Gaon Digital Chart" (in Korean). Gaon Digital Chart. October 16–22, 2011. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013.
- ^ "Gaon Yearly 2011 Download Chart" (in Korean). Gaon Digital Chart. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ "June 2012 Report" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on August 13, 2012.
- ^ "September 2012 Report" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on October 13, 2012.
- ^ Jackson, Julie (March 20, 2013). "M-Flo DJ gives SNSD a new spin". The Korea Herald. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
- ^ "November 2012 Report" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on December 13, 2012.
- ^ "2012 Oricon Year-End Chart" (in Japanese). Oricon. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
- ^ 少女時代 / Flower Power【初回限定盤】【CD Maxi】 [Girls' Generation / Flower Power] (in Japanese). Universal Music Japan. Archived from the original on February 17, 2013.
- ^ a b c Benjamin, Jeff (December 21, 2012). "Girls' Generation Drop 'Dancing Queen'". Billboard. Archived from the original on May 28, 2013.
- ^ "I Got a Boy by Girls' Generation". iTunes Store US. Apple Inc. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014.
- ^ Sunwoo, Carla (January 3, 2013). "Girls' Generation tops the charts again". JoongAng Ilbo. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
- ^ "Gaon Album Chart: Week 2 of 2013" (in Korean). Gaon Album Chart. Gaon Music Chart. Archived from the original on March 25, 2015.
- ^ "World Albums: January 19, 2013". Billboard. Archived from the original on May 24, 2013.
- ^ "I Got a Boy" chart positions:
- "Korea K-Pop Hot 100: Week of January 26, 2013". Billboard. Archived from the original on April 12, 2015.
- "Digital Chart: Week 2 of 2013" (in Korean). Gaon Digital Chart. Gaon Music Chart. Archived from the original on April 16, 2014.
{{cite web}}
:|archive-date=
/|archive-url=
timestamp mismatch; April 16, 2015 suggested (help)
- ^ "Download Chart: 2013 (Year-End)" (in Korean). Gaon Download Chart. Gaon Music Chart. Archived from the original on February 28, 2014.
- ^ Rothman, Lily (November 4, 2013). "Who Is Girls Generation, the Group That Beat Bieber for Video of the Year?". Time. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
- ^ a b "K-pop group Girls' Generation beats Miley, Lady Gaga at first YouTube awards". CNN. November 4, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
- ^ Holpuch, Amanda (November 4, 2013). "YouTube music awards make chaotic and messy debut". The Guardian. Archived from the original on March 11, 2014.
- ^ "少女時代「Oh!」日本版ビジュアル公開&アリーナツアー" [Girls' Generation's music video 'Oh!' for visual public and arena tour] (in Japanese). Natalie. September 15, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ "【オリコン】少女時代、3作目のDVD総合首位 海外女性歴代1位タイ" [Girls' Generation's third DVD top the chart] (in Japanese). Oricon. September 25, 2013. Archived from the original on October 16, 2013.
- ^ 소녀시대, 드디어 월드투어 나선다. 6월 8, 9일에는 서울서 2년 만에 단독 콘서 트 [Girls' Generation to hold concerts in Seoul on June 8 and 9, the first in two years]. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). April 26, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
- ^ Jackson, Julie (June 5, 2013). "Girls' Generation to embark on first world tour". Korea Herald. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
- ^ 少女時代 初のオフィシャルMIX CD発売決定 [Girls' Generation First Mix CD Released] (in Japanese). Universal Music Japan. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Invalid|script-title=
: missing prefix (help) - ^ 소녀시대, 콘서트 실황 담은 라이브 앨범 11일 발매 [Girls' Generation's live concert album to reveal in 11 days]. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). April 5, 2013. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
- ^ "Gaon Album Chart: Week 2, 2011" (in Korean). Gaon Album Chart. Archived from the original on March 25, 2015.
- ^ "少女時代 待望の3rdアルバムのタイトル・トラックリストが遂に解禁" [Girls' Generation's 3rd studio album to be released] (in Japanese). Universal Music Japan. November 21, 2013.
- ^ "2013年12月09日〜2013年12月15日のCDアルバム週間ランキング" [Weekly CD Chart: Week of December 9–15, 2013] (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on December 23, 2013.
- ^ "December 2013 Report" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014.
- ^ "Girls' Generation unveils new album on iTunes". GlobalPost. February 24, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
- ^ "Gaon Album Chart: Week 10 of 2014" (in Korean). Gaon Album Chart. Gaon Music Chart. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015.
- ^ "Gaon Album Chart: 2014 (Year-End)" (in Korean). Gaon Album Chart. Gaon Music Chart. Archived from the original on January 14, 2015.
- ^ Benjamin, Jeff (March 5, 2014). "Girls' Generation Hits the Billboard 200". Billboard. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
- ^ "Gaon Digital Chart: Week 10, 2014" (in Korean). Gaon Digital Chart. Gaon Music Chart. Archived from the original on July 24, 2014.
- ^ "Gaon Digital Chart: 2014" (in Korean). Gaon Digital Chart. Gaon Music Chart. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
- ^ "Girls' Generation tops Japanese chart for second week". The Korea Times. August 5, 2014. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
- ^ 2014年 年間音楽&映像ランキング発表 [2014 Year-End Album Chart] (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on December 20, 2014.
- ^ "Girls' Generation rewrites history of Oricon chart". The Korea Herald. August 5, 2014. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
- ^ a b "SNSD draws 200,000 fans to 3rd Japan concert tour". The Korea Herald. July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ^ "K-Pop Earthquake: Girls' Generation Member Jessica Jung Ousted". The Wall Street Journal. September 30, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
- ^ 소녀시대, 도쿄 첫 단독 공연 '매진' [Girls' Generation's first solo concert sold out] (in Korean). Korean Broadcasting System. December 11, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
- ^ "【オリコン】少女時代、東京ドーム公演DVD&BD1位 海外歌手歴代トップに" [Girls' Generation's DVD top both Oricon DVD and Blu-ray charts] (in Japanese). Oricon. April 8, 2015. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
- ^ Benjamin, Jeff (March 23, 2015). "Girls' Generation Announce First New Music Without Jessica Jung". Billboard. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
- ^ "South Korean release: 소녀시대 – Catch Me If You Can" (in Korean). Hanteo. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- ^ "Girls' Generation Discography – Catch Me If You Can" (in Japanese). Universal Music Japan. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
- ^ "South Korean Gaon Chart: Singles – The 17th Week of 2015" (in Korean). Gaon Digital Chart. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
- ^ Benjamin, Jeff (August 12, 2015). "Girls' Generation Reveal Retro 'Lion Heart' Album Cover, Unconventional Release Strategy". Billboard. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
- ^ "Girls' Generation Discography: Lion Heart" (in Korean). S.M. Entertainment. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
- ^ "Album Chart: Week of August 16, 2015" (in Korean). Gaon Album Chart. Archived from the original on August 27, 2015.
- ^ "Oricon Albums Chart: August 31, 2015" (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on August 26, 2015.
- ^ a b "Album Chart: 2015 (Year-End)" (in Korean). Gaon Album Chart. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
- ^ "Girls' Generation's 'Party' tops music charts in Asia". The Malay Mail. July 8, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
- ^ "Download Chart: Week of July 5, 2015" (in Korean). Gaon Download Chart. Archived from the original on July 16, 2015.
- ^ "Japan Hot 100: 2015.07.27". Billboard (in Japanese). Retrieved July 28, 2015.
- ^ "World Digital Songs: July 25, 2015". Billboard. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|subscription=
ignored (|url-access=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Social 50: August 1, 2015". Billboard. Archived from the original on July 24, 2015.
- ^ "Social 50: August 8, 2015". Billboard. Archived from the original on July 31, 2015.
- ^ "Gaon Digital Chart: August 16–22, 2015" (in Korean). Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
- ^ Ko Ji-seon (July 20, 2015). "SNSD members to produce their own shows". The Korea Herald. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
- ^ "Girls Generation Marked as 1st S.K Girl Group Holding 4th Concert". China Radio International. November 23, 2015. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ "Girls' Generation Embark on '4th Japan Tour'" (in Korean). Star News. December 13, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2016.
- ^ "Girls' Generation gets 'A+' for their work". The Korea Times. December 23, 2015. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
- ^ Herman, Tamar (August 5, 2016). "Girls' Generation Celebrates 9th Anniversary With 'Sailing'". Billboard. Retrieved August 5, 2016.
- ^ Kim, Erika (May 8, 2012). "Taetiseo Twinkles in Live 'Wide Entertainment News' Broadcast". CJ E&M. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
- ^ "Taetiseo's 'Twinkle' Soars Up Charts as Girls' Generation Branches Out". The Chosun Ilbo. May 1, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
- ^ "Holler – EP by Girls' Generation-TTS". iTunes Store US. Apple Inc. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
- ^ "Dear Santa – X-Mas Special – EP by Girls' Generation-TTS". iTunes Store US. Apple Inc. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
- ^ 태연, 소녀시대 첫 솔로 데뷔 10월7일 음원 대공개. The Asia Economic Daily. September 30, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
- ^ "I – The 1st Mini Album" (in Korean). Melon. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
- ^ "Playlist: October 9, 2015". KBS International Radio. Archived from the original on April 4, 2016.
- ^ Ahn Sung-mi (May 4, 2016). "Tiffany to drop solo album next week". The Korea Herald. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
- ^ "I Just Wanna Dance – The 1st Mini Album". iTunes Store (US). Retrieved May 15, 2016.
- ^ a b c Covington, Abigail (May 15, 2014). "Navigating through the excessive world of K-pop". The AV Club. Archived from the original on May 18, 2014.
- ^ a b Dorof, Jakob (August 7, 2014). "20 Essential K-Pop Songs: page 3". Pitchfork Media. Archived from the original on October 11, 2014.
- ^ a b c "20 Best K-Pop Songs of 2013". Billboard. December 23, 2013. Archived from the original on December 28, 2013.
- ^ "최수영·권유리 가수 겸 배우(연극영화학부 09·10 학번)" (in Korean). Chung-Ang University Newspaper (May 18, 2015). Retrieved April 14, 2016. English translation at Imgur.com
- ^ a b Dorob, Jakob (August 7, 2014). "20 Essential K-Pop Songs: page 2". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
- ^ a b Cho, Jaeki (November 13, 2011). "Girls Generation Talk Fame, K-Pop, and World Domination". Complex. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
- ^ a b c Jung, Eun-Young (October 12, 2013). "K-pop female idols in the West". The Korean Wave: Korean Media Go Global. Routledge. pp. 114–15.
- ^ Zhang, Anzhe (April 2016). "What Do 'Mainstream' and 'Experimental' Mean in K-Pop?". New York University. Archived from the original on May 7, 2016.
- ^ "Best of Girls' Generation". MTV. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013.
- ^ Sendra, Tim. "The Boys – Review". AllMusic. Archived from the original on November 12, 2012.
- ^ Jefferies, David. "I Got a Boy – Review". AllMusic. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
- ^ Wolk, Douglas (December 4, 2013). "Top 10 Songs". Time. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
- ^ Benjamin, Jeff (January 4, 2013). "Girls' Generation, 'I Got A Boy': Track-By-Track Review". Billboard. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
- ^ Dorof, Jakob. "K-Pop Phenomenon Girls' Generation Want to Make Insecure Men Feel Better". Vice. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
- ^ Phares, Heather. "Mr.Mr. – Review". AllMusic. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
- ^ Chin, Chester (October 21, 2015). "Review: Lion Heart by Girls' Generation". The Star. Malaysia. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
- ^ Benjamin, Jeff (August 18, 2015). "Girls' Generation Showcase Their Mature & Sexy Dancer Sides in 'You Think' Video". Billboard. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
- ^ Hoot (CD liner notes) (in Korean). Girls' Generation. S.M. Entertainment. 2010.
{{cite AV media notes}}
: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ The Boys (CD liner notes) (in Korean). Girls' Generation. S.M. Entertainment. 2011. SMK0076.
{{cite AV media notes}}
: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ MTV K Presents 'Girls' Generation in New York'. Girls' Generation. MTV K. December 2011.
{{cite AV media}}
: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ I Got a Boy (CD liner notes) (in Korean). Girls' Generation. S.M. Entertainment. 2013. SMK0263.
{{cite AV media notes}}
: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ True, Chris. "Girls' Generation | Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
- ^ a b Lee, Ceejay (November 28, 2014). "Venturing into Enemy's Territory? K-Pop and Feminism". Fem. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
- ^ Epstein, Stephen; Turnbull, James (May 26, 2010). "Girls' Generation? Gender, (Dis)Empowerment and K-pop". UCI East Asian. California: UC Irvine School of Humanities. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
- ^ Kim, Soyoung (October 8, 2013). "Female Empowerment or Exploitation?". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Asia Sentinel
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Erenza, Jen (October 18, 2011). "K-Pop Group 'Girls' Generation' Release English Version Of 'The Boys'". Ryan Seacrest. Archived from the original on October 20, 2011.
- ^ a b Song Ji-hye (December 19, 2011). "Not just little girls anymore". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
- ^ "Garish Skinny Jeans Are All the Rage". The Chosun Ilbo. March 29, 2009. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ^ "How to Wear Trendy Acid Colors with Style". The Chosun Ilbo. March 21, 2009. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ^ "Mixed Reactions on Genie". The Korea Times. June 26, 2009. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
- ^ Lee, Nancy (January 6, 2013). "The Evolution of SNSD: From School Girl Crushes to Getting the Boy". CJ E&M. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
- ^ a b "소녀티 벗을래 … 복고풍 잊어줘". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). December 5, 2011. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
- ^ Lee KyungNam (January 10, 2013). "SNSD Says It Demanded a No-Heel Performance for ′I Got a Boy′". Translated by Erika Kim. CJ E&M. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
- ^ 소녀시대, 하이힐 벗는다... 퍼포먼스 난이도↑ (in Korean). Naver. December 27, 2012. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
- ^ Benjamin, Jeff (April 10, 2015). "Girls' Generation Show Mind-Blowing Dance Routine in 'Catch Me If You Can' Video". Billboard. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
- ^ Benjamin, Jeff (August 18, 2015). "Girls' Generation Showcase Their Mature & Sexy Dancer Sides in 'You Think' Video". Billboard. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
- ^ "K-Pop as the New Korean Wave". The Korea Collection: Selected Cover Stories from Years Past. Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. 2012. p. 100. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
- ^ a b Seabrook, John (October 8, 2012). "Factory Girls". The New Yorker. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
- ^ Stoeffel, Kat (October 1, 2012). "Grown Men Creepily Moved by South Korean Girl Groups". New York Magazine. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
- ^ a b Glasby, Taylor (February 2014). "Girls' Generation's K-pop reign". Dazed. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
- ^ "Happy Together - "Train to Entertainment"". Happy Together. Season 3 (in Korean). August 18, 2016. 48:25 minutes in. KBS World on Youtube / Google, Inc. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
- ^ Ho, Stewart (July 19, 2012). "SNSD Becomes Korean Culture Representatives". CJ E&M. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
- ^ M, Kristy. "K-Pop Expands the Hallyu Wave". The Seoul Times. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
- ^ "Protecting Korean entertainers". Yonhap. January 22, 2011. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
- ^ "서태지와 소녀시대". DongA Ilbo (in Korean). April 26, 2010. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
- ^ 뉴스 인용 (in Korean). Mediaus. November 13, 2010. Archived from the original on May 25, 2013.
- ^ K-Pop Boot Camp (news program). United States: ABC on YouTube / Google Inc. October 15, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
- ^ Sullivan, Caroline (November 4, 2013). "Girls' Generation: just who are the YouTube awards best video winners?". The Guardian. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
- ^ Kosin, Julie (May 4, 2015). "The Beginner's Guide To K-pop". Harper's Bazaar. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
- ^ Brûlé, Tyler (January 7, 2011). "The secrets of my brilliant Korea". Financial Times. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- ^ "Girls' Generation Make Cover of Nikkei Business". The Chosun Ilbo. October 2, 2010. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
- ^ 2010년 올해의 10대 가수와 가요 (in Korean). Gallup Korea. November 17, 2010. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
- ^ Farber, Jim (October 20, 2013). "After a decade of drought, girl groups are on the rebound". New York Daily News. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
- ^ Choi, JungBong; Maliangkay, Roald (September 15, 2014). K-pop – The International Rise of the Korean Music Industry. Routledge. p. 37. ISBN 978-1138775961.
- ^ 아시아투데이 선정...한국의 파워리더 50인. Asia Today (in Korean). December 31, 2010. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
- ^ "2015년 올해를 빛낸 가수와 가요 – 최근 9년간 추이 포함, 아이돌 선호도" [2015 Top Artists and Songs of the Year]. Gallup Korea. December 22, 2015. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
- ^ Forbes Korea Power Celebrity 40 sources:
- "Korea's Top Celebrities in 2011". Forbes. March 31, 2011. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011.
- "Forbes Korea's Top 'Power Celebrity 40' ranking". Yahoo!. February 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 20, 2013.
- "Forbes Korea's Top 10 Celebs". Forbes. April 3, 2013. Archived from the original on August 10, 2013.
- "Girls' Generation & BIGBANG Top, PSY Tumbles Down Forbes Korea's Celebrity List". Billboard. March 4, 2014. Archived from the original on March 8, 2014.
- Hicap, Johnathan M. (March 9, 2015). "EXO, Kim Soo Hyun top Forbes Korea's 2015 'power' list". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015.
- Hicap, Johnathan M. (February 26, 2016). "EXO, Yoo Ah-in top Forbes Korea 2016 Power Celebrity list". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on May 28, 2016.
- ^ 산업정책연구원, 대한민국 브랜드 파워 1위수퍼브랜드 선정 (in Korean). Korean Newswire. 2011. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
- ^ Ho, Stewart (July 3, 2012). "SNSD Becomes First Korean Celebrity on Official Stamps". CJ E&M. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
- ^ Jackson, Julie (October 20, 2015). "The best of hallyu in 2 decades". The Korea Herald. Retrieved March 25, 2016.
- ^ Kim Do-yeon (November 2, 2011). "Girls' Generation featured on Yale School of Art website". The Korea Times. Retrieved February 28, 2015.
- ^ [단독]소녀시대,하버드大로스쿨 학생들에 '지' 가르친다 (in Korean). Naver. March 21, 2009. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
- ^ Jackson, Julie (August 13, 2013). "Then & Now: A look back at the changing tides of K-pop". The Korea Herald. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
- ^ Kwon Mee-yoo (June 7, 2011). "Girls Generation tops Oricon Chart". The Korea Times. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
- ^ Martin, Ian (December 24, 2013). "Familiar obstacles stymie change in domestic music industry". The Japan Times. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
- ^ Park So-ra (August 16, 2011). 소녀시대 日 교과서 등장, 전 세계가 주목 "완벽한 퍼포먼스…매료돼". International Business Times (in Korean). Archived from the original on October 2, 2013.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|script-title=
: missing prefix (help) - ^ Kwon Mee-yoo (March 28, 2012). "SM sells treasury stocks to own performers". The Korea Times. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- ^ Ho, Stewart (March 19, 2012). "Who Generates the Most Profit for SM?". CJ E&M. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- ^ Jackson, Julie (January 12, 2015). "K-pop stars see earnings rocket". The Korea Herald. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
- ^ Kim, Jessica (December 20, 2010). "Kara, Girls' Generation most successful new artists in Japan this year". The Asian Economic. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
- ^ Kwon Mee-yoo (March 12, 2012). "Japan presence affects agencies' shares". The Korea Times. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
- ^ "소녀시대, 日 오리콘 연간매출 '550억' 종합 7위·한국가수 1위". CJ E&M. December 20, 2012. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
- ^ Eddy, Chuck; Bevan, David (June 1, 2012). "The 21 Greatest K-Pop Songs of All Time". Spin. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
- ^ Campbell, Matt. Top 10 Iconic K-Pop Songs. WatchMojo.com. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
- ^ Lee Sung-eun (September 29, 2014). "GG's 'The Boys' hits 100M on YouTube". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
- ^ Yun Seong Yeol (July 29, 2014). "'Girls Generation's 'I Got a Boy' MV Passes 100 million views on Youtube". Star News. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
- ^ "Super Junior《Mr. Simple》MV YouTube点击量过亿" (in Chinese). MSN. November 2, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
- ^ "100,000,000뷰×4…'유튜브의 여왕' 소녀시대" [Girls' Generation achieve four videos with over 100,000,000 views]. DongA Ilbo (in Korean). April 13, 2015. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
- ^ a b Benjamin, Jeff (May 3, 2016). "K-Pop Concerts Continue to Grow Outside Asia: Exclusive Infographic". Billboard. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
- ^ Dannii C. (October 2016). "The 10 Highest Grossing Girl Group Concert Tours Of All Time". CelebMix. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
- ^ "소녀시대, 전 세계 걸그룹 투어 매출 4위…357억원!". The Dong-a Ilbo (in Korean). October 19, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
- ^ Lee, Nancy (January 13, 2012). "Girls' Generation Wins Digital Grand Prize at Golden Disk Awards". CJ E&M. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
- ^ "EXO wins third consecutive Grand Prize at Seoul Music Awards". The Korea Herald. January 15, 2016. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
- ^ Lee, Rachel (November 21, 2012). "MAMA loses Asian touch". The Korea Times. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
- ^ Caroline & Soy (August 19, 2015). "Girls' Generation Fans Explain the 'Optimism & Hope' of the K-Pop Girl Group". Billboard. Retrieved August 20, 2016.
- ^ "CF 퀸으로 등극한 소녀시대, 광고계도 접수". Korea Economic Daily (in Korean). Retrieved April 20, 2016.
- ^ 소녀시대, 가요계-광고계 동시 석권 [Girls Generation Takes Over Music Scene, and Now CF Scene] (in Korean). Acrofan. December 22, 2010. Archived from the original on September 3, 2011.
{{cite web}}
: Invalid|script-title=
: missing prefix (help) - ^ "소녀시대 'Gee 신드롬'…5주 동안 35억 벌었다" (in Korean). Seoul Broadcasting System. February 17, 2009. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
- ^ "소시·이승기, 1년간 'CF27편' 선보였다..광고퀸·킹" (in Korean). Star News. December 15, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
- ^ "수지, 소녀시대-김태희까지 모두 꺾고 'CF퀸' 우뚝". JoongAng Ilbo (in Korean). February 7, 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
- ^ Yang, Jeff (February 7, 2012). "Can Girls' Generation Break Through in America?". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
- "Girls Generation Picked as Ad Model for Casio". Korea Economic Daily. July 12, 2012. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
- "Girls' Generation's to become face of Samantha Tavasa". The Korea Times. Hankook Ilbo. September 12, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
- McCallum, Wayne (July 24, 2014). "K-pop u don't stop". The Advisor Cambodia. Retrieved April 24, 2016.
- "롯데백화점, 걸그룹 '소녀시대' 모델 기용" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. April 1, 2012. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
- ^ Park Jin-hai (May 7, 2013). "Psy showcases Korean fashion". The Korea Times. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
- ^ Han Sang-hee (December 21, 2009). "Girls' Generation Impresses Fans With First Concert". The Korea Times. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
- ^ Kwon Mee-yoo (July 26, 2011). "Girls' Generation ― it's the girls' time!". The Korea Times. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
- ^ "Girls' Generation to rock Singapore on October 12". MSN. August 15, 2013. Archived from the original on December 12, 2013.
- ^ Kim Soo-hyang (February 1, 2016). "Girls' Generation concert in Bangkok". The Korea Herald. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
- ^ "Girls' Generation Events" (in Japanese). Girls' Generation Japanese official website. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
- ^ "Events: Page 2" (in Japanese). Girls' Generation Japanese official website. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
- ^ "SNSD holding first Tokyo Dome concert in December". The Korea Herald. August 25, 2014. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
- ^ "[Korea] Watch SMTOWN LIVE '08 and Tour Korea". Korea Tourism Organization. July 8, 2008. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
- ^ Hicap, Jonathan (July 3, 2010). "SM Entertainment artists including Super Junior to hold world tour". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on July 16, 2010.
- ^ "BoA, DBSK, Super Junior and the Rest of SMTown Shake Things Up in Taiwan". CJ E&M. June 11, 2012. Retrieved May 1, 2015.
- ^ "Girls' Generation to hold year-end concert Dec. 22". The Korea Times. November 22, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
- ^ Jeon Ah Ram (October 7, 2014). "SNSD Performs as Eight for 'SM Town Live' in Tokyo". CJ E&M. Retrieved May 1, 2015.
- ^ "SMTOWN LIVE, 오사카 쿄세라돔 공연 '9만 관객 열광'" (in Korean). The Chosun Ilbo. July 18, 2016. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
- ^ "Box Office". The Korea Herald. June 22, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
- ^ Lee, Edmund (November 24, 2015). "Film review: SMTown: The Stage". South China Morning Post. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Girls' Generation
- 2007 establishments in South Korea
- Bubblegum pop
- Electropop groups
- English-language singers of South Korea
- Grand Prize Golden Disk Award recipients
- Interscope Records artists
- Japanese-language singers of South Korea
- K-pop music groups
- Korean Music Award winners
- Mnet Asian Music Award winners
- Musical groups established in 2007
- Musical groups from Seoul
- Musical octets
- Polydor Records artists
- S.M. Entertainment artists
- SM Town
- South Korean electronic music groups
- South Korean girl groups
- South Korean synthpop groups
- Universal Music Japan artists
- Weekly Idol participants