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Jezero (crater)

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Template:Infobox Mars crater

Viking 1 Orbiter

Jezero is a crater on Mars located at 18°51′18″N 77°31′08″E / 18.855°N 77.519°E / 18.855; 77.519[1] in the Syrtis Major quadrangle. The diameter of the crater is about 49.0 km (30.4 mi). Thought to have once been flooded with water, the crater contains a fan-delta deposit rich in clays.[2] The lake in the crater was present when valley networks were forming on Mars. Besides having a delta, the crater shows point bars and inverted channels. From a study of the delta and channels, it was concluded that the lake did not experience times when the water went down. It probably formed when there was continual surface runoff.[3]

The crater was named after one of the towns with this name in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[4] In several Slavic languages, including Czech, Croatian, Serbian and Slovene, the word jezero means "lake".

In November 2018, it was announced that Jezero crater was chosen as the landing site for the planned Mars 2020 rover mission.[5][6]

Mars 2020 mission

Proposed Mars 2020 landing site inside Jezero crater.

Jezero crater, once considered a site for the Mars Science Laboratory, is a proposed landing site for the Mars 2020 rover mission.[7][8] After several Mars 2020 Landing Site Workshops, it survived the cut and was named to be among the top 3 sites still in the running for the landing.[9] Life may have developed in the crater since it is believed the lake was long-lived; the delta may have required period of 106–107 years to form.[10] Clay minerals have been detected in and around the crater.[11][12][13] The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter identified smectite clays.[14] Clays form in the presence of water, so this area probably once held water and maybe life in ancient times. The surface in places are cracked into polygonal patterns. Such shapes often form when clay dries out. These patterns can be seen in the image below. The image shows a channel that carried water and sediments into Jezero crater.[1]

Researchers described in a paper, released in March 2015, how an ancient Martian lake system existed in Jezero Crater. The study advanced the idea that water filled the crater at least two separate times.[15] There are two channels on the northern and western sides of the crater that probably supplied it with water; both of these channels have delta-like deposit where sediment was carried by water and deposited in the lake.[16] Craters of a given diameter are expected to have a certain depth; a depth less than expected means sediment has entered the crater.[17] Calculations suggest that the crater may hold about one kilometer of sediments. Most of the sediments may have been brought in by channels.[10] A primary aim of the Mars 2020 mission is to search for signs of ancient life. It is hoped that a later mission could then return samples from sites identified as probably containing remains of life. To safely bring the craft down, a 12-mile (20 km) wide, smooth, flat circular area is needed. Geologists hope to examine places where water once ponded.[18] They would like to examine sediment layers.

In November 2018, Jezero crater was selected as the planned landing site for the Mars 2020 rover mission.[19]

Planned landing site – Jezero crater[7][20] (18°51′18″N 77°31′08″E / 18.855°N 77.519°E / 18.855; 77.519)[1]
Jezero crater on Mars
Ancient rivers (on the left) fed the crater; overflow flooding carved the outlet canyon (on the right).[21][22]
Jezero delta – chemical alteration by water

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Wray, James (6 June 2008). "Channel into Jezero Crater Delta". NASA. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  2. ^ Muir, Hazel. "Prime landing sites chosen for biggest Martian rover". Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  3. ^ Goudge, T., et al. 2017. STRATIGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION OF DELTA CHANNEL DEPOSITS, JEZERO CRATER, MARS. Lunar and Planetary Science XLVIII (2017). 1195.pdf.
  4. ^ "Jezero". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Research Program.
  5. ^ Wall, Mike (19 November 2018). "Jezero Crater or Bust! NASA Picks Landing Site for Mars 2020 Rover". Space.com. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  6. ^ Mandelbaum, Ryan F. "NASA's Mars 2020 Rover Will Land in Jezero Crater". Gizmodo. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  7. ^ a b Staff (4 March 2015). "PIA19303: A Possible Landing Site for the 2020 Mission: Jezero Crater". NASA. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  8. ^ http://marsoweb.nas.nasa.gov/landingsites/msl/workshops/2nd_workshop/talks/Fassett_Nili.pdf
  9. ^ Witze, Alexandra (11 February 2017). "Three sites where NASA might retrieve its first Mars rock". Nature. Bibcode:2017Natur.542..279W. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.21470. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  10. ^ a b Schon, S., J. Head, C. Fassett. 2012. An overfilled lacustrine system and progradational delta in Jezero crater, Mars: Implications for Noachian climate. Planetary and Space Science: 67, 28–45
  11. ^ Bibring, J. et al. 2006. Global mineralogical and aqueous Mars history derived from OMEGA/Mars Express data. Science: 312, 400-404.
  12. ^ Mangold, N., et al. 2007. Mineralogy of the Nili Fossae region with OMEGA/Mars Express data: 2. Aqueous alteration of the crust. Journal of Geophysical Research 112, E08S04. doi:10.1029/2006JE002835.
  13. ^ Poulet, F., et al. 2005. Phyllosilicates on Mars and implications for early martian climate. Nature, 438. doi:10.1038/nature04274.
  14. ^ Murchie, S.; et al. (2009). "A synthesis of Martian aqueous mineralogy after 1 Mars year of observations from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter". Journal of Geophysical Research. 114 (E2). Bibcode:2009JGRE..114.0D06M. doi:10.1029/2009JE003342. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  15. ^ "Ancient Martian lake system records two water-related events". Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  16. ^ "Ancient Martian Lake System Records Two Water-related Events - SpaceRef". spaceref.com. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  17. ^ Garvin, J., S. Sakimoto, J. Frawley. 2003. Craters on Mars: Global geometric properties from gridded MOLA topography. In: Sixth International Conference on Mars. Abstract no. #3277
  18. ^ Staff (2010). "The Floods of Iani Chaos". NASA. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  19. ^ Mandelbaum, Ryan F. "NASA's Mars 2020 Rover Will Land in Jezero Crater". Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  20. ^ Goudge, Timothy A.; Mustard, John F.; Head, James W.; Fassett, Caleb I.; Wiseman, Sandra M. (6 March 2015). "Assessing the Mineralogy of the Watershed and Fan Deposits of the Jezero Crater Paleolake System, Mars". Journal of Geophysical Research. Bibcode:2015JGRE..120..775G. doi:10.1002/2014JE004782.
  21. ^ RBurnham (19 November 2018). "Overflowing crater lakes carved Mars canyon". Red Planet Report. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  22. ^ Staff (19 November 2018). "Overflowing Crater Lakes Carved Canyons Across Mars". University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved 20 November 2018.

Further reading

High resolution black and white video by Seán Doran of flyover of Jezero, including views of delta deposits, and similar color video

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