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List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden

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This is a comprehensive list of all Article III and Article IV United States federal judges appointed by President Joe Biden as well as a partial list of Article I federal judicial appointments, excluding appointments to the District of Columbia judiciary.[1]

As of February 14, 2022, the United States Senate has confirmed 46 Article III judges nominated by Biden: 14 judges for the United States courts of appeals and 32 judges for the United States district courts. There are 37 nominations awaiting Senate action: one for the Supreme Court[2], six for the courts of appeals, and 30 for the district courts. There are four vacancies on the U.S. courts of appeals, 72 vacancies on the U.S. district courts, two vacancies on the United States Court of International Trade,[3][4] as well as 40 announced federal judicial vacancies that will occur before the end of Biden's term (17 for the courts of appeals and 23 for district courts).[5] Biden has not made any recess appointments to the federal courts. Biden had the largest number of Article III judicial nominees confirmed during a president's first year in office since Ronald Reagan in 1981.[6]

Regarding the Article I courts, as of December 18, 2021, the Senate has confirmed 2 judges nominated by Biden, both to the United States Court of Federal Claims. There is 1 nomination to the Article I courts awaiting Senate action; for the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces. There are two vacancies on the United States Court of Federal Claims, two on the United States Tax Court, and one on the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces. On March 2, 2021, Biden designated Elaine D. Kaplan as Chief Judge of the Court of Federal Claims.[7] Biden has not elevated any judges to the position of Chief Judge.

Regarding Article IV territorial courts, as of September 30, 2021, there are no vacancies and no pending nominations. The Senate has not confirmed any Article IV judges nominated by Biden.

Supreme Court of the United States

Main article: Joe Biden Supreme Court candidates
See also: Ketanji Brown Jackson Supreme Court nomination

 **  Denotes nomination reported by the Senate Judiciary Committee
 *  Denotes nomination pending before the Senate Judiciary Committee

# Justice Seat State Former justice Nomination
date 		Confirmation
date 		Confirmation
vote 		Began
service[9] 		Ended
service
* Ketanji Brown Jackson 2 Washington, D.C. Stephen Breyer February 28, 2022 – – – –

United States courts of appeals

 **  Denotes nomination reported by the Senate Judiciary Committee
 *  Denotes nomination pending before the Senate Judiciary Committee

# Judge Circuit Nomination
date 		Confirmation
date 		Confirmation
vote 		Began active
service[9] 		Ended active
service 		Ended senior
status
1 Ketanji Brown Jackson D.C. April 19, 2021 June 14, 2021 53–44[A 1] June 17, 2021 Incumbent –
2 Candace Jackson-Akiwumi Seventh April 19, 2021 June 24, 2021 53–40[A 2] July 1, 2021 Incumbent –
3 Tiffany P. Cunningham Federal April 19, 2021 July 19, 2021 63–33[A 3] August 6, 2021 Incumbent –
4 Eunice C. Lee Second May 12, 2021 August 7, 2021 50–47[A 4] August 16, 2021 Incumbent –
5 Veronica S. Rossman Tenth May 12, 2021 September 20, 2021 50–42[A 5] September 28, 2021 Incumbent –
6 Gustavo Gelpí First May 12, 2021 October 18, 2021 52–41[A 6] October 19, 2021 Incumbent –
7 Myrna Pérez Second June 15, 2021 October 25, 2021 48–43[A 7] November 12, 2021 Incumbent –
8 Beth Robinson Second August 5, 2021 November 1, 2021 51–45[A 8] November 5, 2021 Incumbent –
9 Toby J. Heytens Fourth July 13, 2021 November 1, 2021 53–43[A 9] November 2, 2021 Incumbent –
10 Lucy Koh Ninth September 20, 2021[Rn 1] December 13, 2021 50–45[A 10] December 14, 2021 Incumbent –
11 Jennifer Sung Ninth July 13, 2021 December 15, 2021 50–49[A 11] December 20, 2021 Incumbent –
12 Gabriel P. Sanchez Ninth September 20, 2021 January 12, 2022 52–47[A 12] January 24, 2022 Incumbent –
13 Holly A. Thomas Ninth September 20, 2021 January 20, 2022 48–40[A 13] January 24, 2022 Incumbent –
14 Leonard P. Stark Federal November 3, 2021[Rn 2] February 9, 2022 61–35[A 14] – – –
** Alison Nathan Second November 18, 2021[Rn 2] – – – – –
** Andre Mathis Sixth November 18, 2021[Rn 2] – – – – –
* Nancy Abudu Eleventh January 10, 2022 – – – – –
* J. Michelle Childs D.C. January 10, 2022 – – – – –
* Arianna J. Freeman Third January 19, 2022 – – – – –
* Stephanie D. Davis Sixth February 2, 2022 – – – – –

United States district courts

 **  Denotes nomination reported by the Senate Judiciary Committee
 *  Denotes nomination pending before the Senate Judiciary Committee

# Judge Court
[Note 1] 		Nomination
date 		Confirmation
date 		Confirmation
vote 		Began active
service[9] 		Ended active
service 		Ended senior
status
1 Julien Neals D.N.J. April 19, 2021[Rn 3] June 8, 2021 66–33[D 1] June 22, 2021 Incumbent –
2 Regina M. Rodriguez D. Colo. April 19, 2021[Rn 4] June 8, 2021 72–28[D 2] July 1, 2021 Incumbent –
3 Zahid Quraishi D.N.J. April 19, 2021 June 10, 2021 81–16[D 3] June 22, 2021 Incumbent –
4 Lydia Kay Griggsby D. Md. April 19, 2021 June 16, 2021 59–39[D 4] July 20, 2021 Incumbent –
5 Deborah Boardman D. Md. April 19, 2021 June 23, 2021 52–48[D 5] June 25, 2021 Incumbent –
6 David Estudillo W.D. Wash. April 29, 2021 September 14, 2021 54–41[D 6] October 7, 2021 Incumbent –
7 Angel Kelley D. Mass. May 12, 2021 September 14, 2021 52–44[D 7] September 15, 2021 Incumbent –
8 Margaret Strickland D.N.M. April 19, 2021 September 21, 2021 52–45[D 8] October 22, 2021 Incumbent –
9 Florence Y. Pan D.D.C. June 15, 2021[Rn 5] September 23, 2021 68–30[D 9] September 23, 2021 Incumbent –
10 Lauren J. King W.D. Wash. May 12, 2021 October 5, 2021 55–44[D 10] December 7, 2021 Incumbent –
11 Sarah A. L. Merriam D. Conn. June 15, 2021 October 6, 2021 54–46[D 11] October 8, 2021 Incumbent –
12 Christine O'Hearn D.N.J. April 29, 2021 October 19, 2021 53–44[D 12] October 22, 2021 Incumbent –
13 Tana Lin W.D. Wash. April 29, 2021 October 21, 2021 52–45[D 13] November 23, 2021 Incumbent –
14 Jia M. Cobb D.D.C. June 15, 2021 October 26, 2021 52–45[D 14] November 12, 2021 Incumbent –
15 Karen M. Williams D.N.J. May 12, 2021 October 26, 2021 56–38[D 15] November 1, 2021 Incumbent –
16 Patricia Tolliver Giles E.D. Va. July 13, 2021 October 26, 2021 68–27[D 16] November 1, 2021 Incumbent –
17 Michael S. Nachmanoff E.D. Va. July 13, 2021 October 27, 2021 52–46[D 17] November 2, 2021 Incumbent –
18 Sarala Nagala D. Conn. June 15, 2021 October 27, 2021 52–46[D 18] November 2, 2021 Incumbent –
19 Omar A. Williams D. Conn. June 15, 2021 October 28, 2021 52–46[D 19] November 12, 2021 Incumbent –
20 Samantha D. Elliott D.N.H. September 30, 2021 December 15, 2021 62–37[D 20] December 21, 2021 Incumbent –
21 Linda Lopez S.D. Cal. September 30, 2021 December 17, 2021 48–25[D 21] December 21, 2021 Incumbent –
22 Jinsook Ohta S.D. Cal. September 30, 2021 December 17, 2021 47–24[D 22] December 27, 2021 Incumbent –
23 David H. Urias D.N.M. September 20, 2021 December 17, 2021 45–26[D 23] January 14, 2022 Incumbent –
24 Maame Ewusi-Mensah Frimpong C.D. Cal. September 20, 2021 December 17, 2021 46–24[D 24] February 7, 2022 Incumbent –
25 Jane M. Beckering W.D. Mich. July 13, 2021 December 17, 2021 45–25[D 25] December 21, 2021 Incumbent –
26 Shalina D. Kumar E.D. Mich. July 13, 2021 December 17, 2021 44–25[D 26] December 21, 2021 Incumbent –
27 Jennifer L. Thurston E.D. Cal. September 20, 2021 December 17, 2021 46–24[D 27] December 27, 2021 Incumbent –
28 Katherine M. Menendez D. Minn. September 20, 2021 December 18, 2021 49–21[D 28] December 21, 2021 Incumbent –
29 Mary K. Dimke E.D. Wash. August 5, 2021 December 18, 2021 47–23[D 29] December 21, 2021 Incumbent –
30 Bridget M. Brennan N.D. Ohio September 30, 2021[Rn 2] February 1, 2022 61–35[D 30] February 8, 2022 Incumbent –
31 Charles E. Fleming N.D. Ohio September 30, 2021[Rn 2] February 1, 2022 56–42[D 31] February 8, 2022 Incumbent –
32 David A. Ruiz N.D. Ohio September 30, 2021[Rn 2] February 1, 2022 62–35[D 32] February 8, 2022 Incumbent –
** Victoria Marie Calvert N.D. Ga. September 30, 2021[Rn 2] – – – – –
** John H. Chun W.D. Wash. September 30, 2021[Rn 2] – – – – –
** Sarah Geraghty N.D. Ga. September 30, 2021[Rn 2] – – – – –
** Georgette Castner D.N.J. November 3, 2021[Rn 2] – – – – –
** Jacqueline Scott Corley N.D. Cal. November 3, 2021[Rn 2] – – – – –
** Ruth Bermudez Montenegro S.D. Cal. November 3, 2021[Rn 2] – – – – –
** Julie Rubin D. Md. November 3, 2021[Rn 2] – – – – –
** Cristina D. Silva D. Nev. November 3, 2021[Rn 2] – – – – –
** Anne Rachel Traum D. Nev. November 3, 2021[Rn 6] – – – – –
** Hector Gonzalez E.D.N.Y. December 15, 2021[Rn 7] – – – – –
** Fred W. Slaughter C.D. Cal. December 15, 2021 – – – – –
* Charlotte N. Sweeney D. Colo. August 5, 2021[Rn 2] – – – – –
* Hernán D. Vera C.D. Cal. September 20, 2021[Rn 2] – – – – –
* Dale Ho S.D.N.Y. September 30, 2021[Rn 2] – – – – –
* Trina Thompson N.D. Cal. November 3, 2021[Rn 2] – – – – –
* Evelyn Padin D.N.J. December 15, 2021 – – – – –
* Jessica G. L. Clarke S.D.N.Y. December 15, 2021 – – – – –
* Sherilyn Peace Garnett C.D. Cal. December 15, 2021 – – – – –
* Kenly Kiya Kato C.D. Cal. December 15, 2021 – – – – –
* Nina Morrison E.D.N.Y. December 15, 2021 – – – – –
* William Pocan E.D. Wis. December 15, 2021 – – – – –
* Jennifer L. Rochon S.D.N.Y. December 15, 2021 – – – – –
* Sunshine Sykes C.D. Cal. December 15, 2021 – – – – –
* Tiffany M. Cartwright W.D. Wash. January 19, 2022 – – – – –
* Nusrat Jahan Choudhury E.D.N.Y. January 19, 2022 – – – – –
* Ana de Alba E.D. Cal. January 19, 2022 – – – – –
* Robert S. Huie S.D. Cal. January 19, 2022 – – – – –
* Natasha C. Merle E.D.N.Y. January 19, 2022 – – – – –
* Jennifer H. Rearden S.D.N.Y. January 19, 2022[Rn 8] – – – – –
* Nina Y. Wang D. Colo. January 19, 2022 – – – – –

Specialty courts (Article I)

United States Court of Federal Claims

 **  Denotes nomination reported by the Senate Judiciary Committee
 *  Denotes nomination pending before the Senate Judiciary Committee

# Judge Nomination
date 		Confirmation
date 		Confirmation
vote 		Began active
service 		Ended active
service 		Ended senior
status
1 Armando Bonilla July 13, 2021[Rn 9] December 18, 2021 voice vote[FC 1] February 17, 2022 Incumbent –
2 Carolyn N. Lerner July 13, 2021 December 18, 2021 voice vote[FC 2] February 17, 2022 Incumbent –

United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces

 **  Denotes nomination reported by the Senate Armed Services Committee
 *  Denotes nomination pending before the Senate Armed Services Committee

# Judge Nomination
date 		Confirmation
date 		Confirmation
vote 		Began active
service 		Ended active
service 		Ended senior
status
* M. Tia Johnson January 7, 2022 – – – – –

See also

Notes

Courts
  1. ^ See List of United States district and territorial courts
Renominations
  1. ^ Originally nominated on February 25, 2016, by President Obama. That nomination expired on January 3, 2017. Renominated by President Biden to a different seat on the same court on September 20, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Initial nomination was returned on January 3, 2022. Subsequently renominated the same day.
  3. ^ Originally nominated on February 26, 2015, by President Obama. That nomination expired on January 3, 2017. Renominated by President Biden to a different seat on the same court on April 19, 2021.
  4. ^ Originally nominated on April 28, 2016, by President Obama. That nomination expired on January 3, 2017. Renominated by President Biden to a different seat on the same court on April 19, 2021.
  5. ^ Originally nominated on April 28, 2016, by President Obama. That nomination expired on January 3, 2017. Renominated by President Biden to a different seat on the same court on June 15, 2021.
  6. ^ Originally nominated on April 28, 2016, by President Obama. That nomination expired on January 3, 2017. Renominated by President Biden on November 3, 2021. That nomination was returned on January 3, 2022. Subsequently renominated that same day.
  7. ^ Originally nominated on September 8, 2020, by President Trump. That nomination expired on January 3, 2021. Renominated by President Biden on December 15, 2021.
  8. ^ Originally nominated on February 12, 2020, by President Trump. That nomination expired on January 3, 2021. Renominated by President Biden on January 19, 2022.
  9. ^ Originally nominated on May 21, 2014, by President Obama. That nomination was returned on December 16, 2014. Renominated on January 7, 2015, but was expired on January 3, 2017. Renominated by President Biden on July 13, 2021, but was withdrawn on October 5, 2021 to include corrected information. It was resubmitted on the same day.

Confirmation votes
Article III

Courts of appeals
  1. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Ketanji Brown Jackson, of the District of Columbia, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the District of Columbia Circuit)". United States Senate. June 14, 2021. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
  2. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Candace Jackson-Akiwumi, of Illinois, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Seventh Circuit)". United States Senate. June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  3. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Tiffany P. Cunningham, of Illinois, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Federal Circuit)". United States Senate. July 19, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
  4. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Eunice C. Lee, of New York, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Second Circuit)". United States Senate. August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  5. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Veronica S. Rossman, of Colorado, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Tenth Circuit)". United States Senate. September 20, 2021. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  6. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Gustavo A. Gelpí, of Puerto Rico, to be United States Circuit Judge for the First Circuit)". United States Senate. October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
  7. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Myrna Pérez, of New York, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Second Circuit)". United States Senate. October 25, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2021.
  8. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Beth Robinson, of Vermont, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Second Circuit)". United States Senate. November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
  9. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Toby J. Heytens, of Virginia, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Fourth Circuit)". United States Senate. November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
  10. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Lucy H. Koh, of California, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit)". United States Senate. December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  11. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jennifer Sung, of Oregon, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit)". United States Senate. December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  12. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Gabriel P. Sanchez, of California, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit)". United States Senate. January 12, 2022. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
  13. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Holly A. Thomas, of California, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit)". United States Senate. January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  14. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Leonard Philip Stark, of Delaware, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Federal Circuit)". United States Senate. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
District courts
  1. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Julien Xavier Neals, of New Jersey, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Jersey)". United States Senate. June 8, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  2. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Regina M. Rodriguez, of Colorado, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Colorado)". United States Senate. June 8, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  3. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Zahid N. Quraishi, of New Jersey, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Jersey)". United States Senate. June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  4. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Lydia Kay Griggsby, of Maryland, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Maryland)". United States Senate. June 16, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  5. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Deborah L. Boardman, of Maryland, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Maryland)". United States Senate. June 23, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
  6. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: David G. Estudillo, of Washington, to be United States District Judge for the Western District of Washington)". United States Senate. September 14, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
  7. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Angel Kelley, of Massachusetts, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Massachusetts)". United States Senate. September 14, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
  8. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Margaret Irene Strickland, of New Mexico, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Mexico)". United States Senate. September 21, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  9. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Florence Y. Pan, of the District of Columbia, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Columbia)". United States Senate. September 15, 2021. Retrieved September 23, 2021.
  10. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Lauren J. King, of Washington, to be U.S. District Judge for the Western District of Washington)". United States Senate. October 5, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
  11. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Sarah A. L. Merriam, of Connecticut, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Connecticut)". United States Senate. October 6, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
  12. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Christine P. O'Hearn, of New Jersey, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Jersey)". United States Senate. October 19, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2021.
  13. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Tana Lin, of Washington, to be U.S. District Judge for the Western District of Washington)". United States Senate. October 21, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2021.
  14. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jia M. Cobb, of Virginia, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Columbia)". United States Senate. October 26, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
  15. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Karen McGlashan Williams, of New Jersey, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Jersey)". United States Senate. October 26, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
  16. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Patricia Tolliver Giles, of Virginia, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Virginia)". United States Senate. October 26, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
  17. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Michael S. Nachmanoff, of Virginia, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Virginia)". United States Senate. October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  18. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Sarala Vidya Nagala, of Connecticut, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Connecticut)". United States Senate. October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  19. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Omar Antonio Williams, of Connecticut, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Connecticut)". United States Senate. October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  20. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Samantha D. Elliott, of New Hampshire, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Hampshire)". United States Senate. December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  21. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Linda Lopez, of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of California)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  22. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jinsook Ohta, of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of California)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  23. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: David Herrera Urias, of New Mexico, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Mexico)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  24. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Maame Ewusi-Mensah Frimpong, of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Central District of California)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  25. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jane M. Beckering, of Michigan, to be U.S. District Judge for the Western District of Michigan)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  26. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Shalina D. Kumar, of Michigan, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Michigan)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  27. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jennifer L. Thurston, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of California)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  28. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Katherine Marie Menendez, of Minnesota, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Minnesota)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  29. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Mary Katherine Dimke, of Washington, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Washington)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  30. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Bridget Meehan Brennan, of Ohio, to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio)". United States Senate. February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
  31. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Charles Esque Fleming, of Ohio, to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio)". United States Senate. February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
  32. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: David Augustin Ruiz to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio)". United States Senate. February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.

Article I

Court of Federal Claims
  1. ^ "PN1233 — Armando O. Bonilla — The Judiciary". United States Senate. October 5, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
  2. ^ "PN805 — Carolyn N. Lerner — The Judiciary". United States Senate. July 13, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2021.

References

  1. ^ All information on the names, terms of service, and details of appointment of federal judges is derived from the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public-domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
  2. ^ "Press Release: Nominations Sent to the Senate". The White House. February 28, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
  3. ^ Summary of Judicial Vacancies, uscourts.gov
  4. ^ Current Vacancies in the Federal Judiciary, uscourts.gov
  5. ^ Future Vacancies in the Federal Judiciary, uscourts.gov
  6. ^ Edmondson, Catie (December 18, 2021). "Senate Confirms Biden's 40th Judge, Tying a Reagan-Era Record". The New York Times.
  7. ^ "President Biden designates Elaine D. Kaplan as Chief Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims". www.uscfc.uscourts.gov. March 2, 2021. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
  8. ^ 28 U.S.C. § 453
  9. ^ a b c Although under the Judiciary Act a judge must take the judicial oath "before performing the duties of his office",[8] this article uses the date they receive their commission as the date they begin service because this information is readily available from the Federal Judicial Center. When a judge receives their commission and takes their judicial oath on different days, this will result in inconsistencies with other articles.
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