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Marsha Blackburn
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Tennessee's 7th district
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 3, 2003
Preceded byEd Bryant
Member of the Tennessee Senate
from the 23rd district
In office
January 12, 1999 – January 3, 2003
Preceded byKeith Jordan
Succeeded byJim Bryson
Executive Director of the Tennessee Film, Entertainment, and Music Commission
In office
February 1995 – June 1997
GovernorDon Sundquist
Preceded byDancy Jones
Succeeded byAnne Pope
Chair of the Williamson County Republican Party
In office
1989–1991
Preceded byGeorge Miller
Succeeded byAl Nations
Personal details
Born
Marsha Wedgeworth

(1952-06-06) June 6, 1952 (age 72)
Laurel, Mississippi, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
SpouseChuck Blackburn
Children2
EducationMississippi State University (BS)

Marsha Blackburn (née Wedgeworth, June 6, 1952) is an American politician and businesswoman serving as the U.S. Representative for Tennessee's 7th congressional district since 2003. A member of the Republican Party, she previously served in the Tennessee Senate from 1999 to 2003.[1]

In October 2017, Blackburn announced her campaign for the United States Senate seat being vacated by Bob Corker in 2018.

Early life and education

Marsha Wedgeworth Blackburn was born in Laurel, Mississippi, the daughter of Mary Jo (Morgan) and Hilman Wedgeworth, who worked in sales and management.[2] She attended Mississippi State University, earning a B.S. in home economics in 1974.[3][4][5] In college, she joined Chi Omega[6][7] and worked as a student manager for the Southwestern Company, selling books door-to-door.[4] She is a former beauty-pageant winner.[8]

Early political career

Blackburn's professional career began in 1973 when she was hired as a sales manager for the Times Mirror Company. In 1975 she was named Director of Retail Fashion and Special Events of the Castner Knott Division of Mercantile Stores, Inc. She held this position until 1978, when she became the owner of Marketing Strategies, a promotion-event management and image consulting firm. She continues to run this business.[5]

Blackburn was a founding member of the Williamson County Young Republicans.[7] She became chair of the Williamson County Republican Party in 1989 and served until 1991.[7][9] In 1992, she was a candidate for Congress and a delegate to the 1992 Republican National Convention. She lost the congressional race,[7] but remained active in social and political venues.[4]

In 1995, Blackburn was appointed executive director of the Tennessee Film, Entertainment, and Music Commission by Tennessee governor Don Sundquist,[10][7] and held that post through 1997.[11] In 1998, she was elected to the Tennessee Senate, where she served for six years and rose to be minority whip.[4]

In 2000, she took part in the effort to prevent the passage of a state income tax championed by Sundquist.[7]

U.S. House of Representatives

Tenure

Rep. Marsha Blackburn official photo in 2005.

In 2002, Republican Ed Bryant gave up his seat as representative from Tennessee's 7th District so that he could run for the Senate. Blackburn ran against Democrat Tim Barron for the seat and was elected with 70% of the vote. In 2004, she ran unopposed and was re-elected.[12]

In 2006, she successfully ran for a third term in the House of Representatives.[6] In November 2007, she unsuccessfully ran for the position of Republican conference chair.[13][14][15]

Blackburn joined Mitt Romney's 2008 presidential campaign as a senior advisor. In May 2007, she resigned her position in the Romney campaign and endorsed former U.S. Senator Fred Thompson for president.[16][17] She was re-elected in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016.

In April 2018, she signed onto a letter formally nominating President Donald Trump for the Nobel Peace Prize "in recognition of his work to end the Korean War, denuclearize the Korean peninsula and bring peace to the region."[18]

Committee assignments

Blackburn served as an assistant whip in Congress from 2003 to 2005, and has served as a deputy whip since 2005.[21][22][19][23]

In 2008, she won her primary race by gaining 62 percent of the vote against Shelby County registrar of deeds, and fellow former state senator Tom Leatherwood.[24][25]

Political campaigns

Redistricting after the 2000 Census moved Blackburn's home from the 6th district into the 7th district. The 6th District's Democratic incumbent congressman, Bart Gordon, had faced three tough races in the 1990s, including a near-defeat in 1994, in part due to the growing Republican trend in Nashville's suburbs. This was especially pronounced in Williamson County, the richest county in the state and the most Republican county in Middle Tennessee. It appeared that the Democratic-controlled Tennessee General Assembly wanted to protect Gordon by moving Williamson County into the already heavily Republican 7th District.[26] To maintain approximately equal district sizes (as required by Wesberry v. Sanders) and to compensate for the substantial increase in the 7th's population by the addition of Williamson County, the legislature shifted some of the more Democratic parts of Clarksville to the nearby 8th district. This created a district that, in the words of Memphis Magazine, stretched "in reptilian fashion" for 200 miles from eastern Memphis to southwest Nashville.[7]

In 2002, 7th District incumbent Republican congressman Ed Bryant decided to run for the Senate seat being vacated by Fred Thompson. Blackburn entered the primary to replace Bryant—the real contest in this Republican stronghold. Of the four main candidates, she was the only one from the Nashville suburbs. The other three, future state senate majority leader Mark Norris, conservative activist and future U.S. Attorney and Representative David Kustoff, and city councilman Brent Taylor, were all from Memphis and its suburbs. She garnered the endorsement of the conservative Club for Growth.[27] The three Memphians split the vote in that area, allowing her to win the primary by nearly 20 percentage points.[28]

In the general election, she defeated Democratic nominee Tim Barron, with 70% of the vote. She was the fourth woman elected to Congress from Tennessee, but the first not to serve as a stand-in for her husband.[29]

She ran unopposed for reelection in 2004, which is somewhat unusual for a freshman member of Congress, even from a district as heavily Republican as the 7th. A 2004 survey of congressional aides by the Washingtonian identified her as one of the three "best newcomers" in the House of Representatives.[30]

Redistricting after the 2010 census made the 7th district more compact; it lost its shares of Nashville and Memphis while regaining all of Clarksville. However, it is no less Republican than its predecessor; with a Cook Partisan Voting Index of R+18, it is one of the most Republican districts in the South.[31]

Rep. Marsha Blackburn official photo in 2011.

2018 United States Senate election

Main article: United States Senate election in Tennessee, 2018

In October 2017, Tennessee governor Bill Haslam, former Knoxville mayor, declined to run for the Senate seat being vacated by Bob Corker. Shortly after, Blackburn announced her campaign for the seat. In her announcement, she said that House Republicans are frustrated with Senate Republicans[32] who they believe act like Democrats on important issues, including repealing Obamacare.[33] In the announcement of her candidacy, she described herself as a "hard-core, card-carrying Tennessee conservative", said she was "politically incorrect" and noted with pride that liberals have characterized her as a "wing nut".[34] Blackburn dismissed compromise and bipartisanship, saying "No compromise, no apologies."[34] She also said that she carried a gun in her purse.[34] On August 2, Blackburn received 610,302 votes (84.48%) in the Republican primary, winning her party's nomination.[35]

Early on in the campaign, the retiring incumbent, Bob Corker stirred controversy when he said that Blackburn's opponent, Phil Bredesen, was "a very good mayor, a very good governor, a very good business person", that he had "real appeal" and "crossover appeal", and that the two of them had cooperated well over the years.[36][37] After Corker's praise for Bredesen, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell warned Corker that such comments could cost the Republican Party its Senate majority.[37] Shortly after Corker's comments, President Trump tweeted an endorsement of Blackburn.[37] She largely backs President Donald Trump's policies,[34][38] including a U.S.-Mexico border wall,[32] and shares his opinion regarding National Football League national anthem protests.[39][40] Vice President Mike Pence also endorsed Blackburn a few days later on April 23, 2018. During the campaign, Blackburn pledged to support President Trump's agenda and suggested that her opponent, Bredesen, would not, saying "Do you think Phil Bredesen would vote with crying Chuck Schumer or would he vote with our president when it comes to support our troops and supporting our veterans?"[41]

Both Blackburn and her opponent, former Tennessee governor Phil Bredesen, disclosed in mid-April that they had raised close to $2 million each during the first quarter of the year.[42]

In October 2018, pop star Taylor Swift endorsed Bredesen. The endorsement was notable given that Swift had been publicly apolitical, but spoke out because Blackburn's "voting record in Congress appalls and terrifies" her. Swift shared a link to non-partisan voter registration website vote.org which saw a significant spike in page views and new registrations. Her political stance saw attacks from Donald Trump as well as Mike Huckabee, who said that "she has every right to be political but it won’t impact election unless we allow 13 yr old girls to vote".[43][44][45]

Electoral history

Tennessee's 6th congressional district: 1992 results[46]
Year Democratic Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct 3rd Party Party Votes Pct
1992 Bart Gordon 120,177 57% Marsha Blackburn 86,289 41% H. Scott Benson Independent 5,952 3% *

*Write-in and minor candidate notes: In 1992, write-ins received 10 votes.

Tennessee's 7th congressional district: Results 2002–2016[46][47][48]
Year Democratic Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct 3rd Party Party Votes Pct
2002 Tim Barron 51,790 26% Marsha Blackburn 138,314 71% Rick Patterson Independent 5,423 3% *
2004 (no candidate) Marsha Blackburn 232,404 100%
2006 Bill Morrison 73,369 32% Marsha Blackburn 152,288 66% Kathleen A. Culver Independent 1,806 1% *
2008 Randy Morris 98,207 31% Marsha Blackburn 214,214 69%
2010 Greg Rabidoux 54,341 25% Marsha Blackburn 158,892 72% J.W. Stone Independent 6,319 3% *
2012 Credo Amouzouvik 61,050 24% Marsha Blackburn 180,775 71% Howard Switzer Green 4,584 2% *
2014 Daniel Cramer 42,280 26.8% Marsha Blackburn 110,534 69.9% Leonard Ladner Independent 5,093 3.2%
2016 Tharon Chandler 65,226 23.5% Marsha Blackburn 200,407 72.2% Leonard Ladner Independent 11,880 4.3%
*Write-in and minor candidate notes: In 2002, write-ins received 31 votes. In 2006, James B. "Mickey" White received 898 votes; William J. Smith received 848 votes; John L. Rimer received 710 votes; and Gayl G. Pratt received 663 votes.

Political positions

Blackburn is a Tea Party Republican.[49] She has been described as staunchly conservative,[50][51][52] and self-describes herself as "a hard-core, card-carrying Tennessee conservative."[53] She scored 100% on American Conservative Union's 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009 Ratings of Congress.[54][55][56]

Abortion and stem cell research

Blackburn opposes abortion.[34] In 2013, Blackburn was chosen to manage debate on a bill promoted by House Republicans that would have prohibited abortions after 22 weeks' gestation, with limited exceptions for rape or incest.[57] She replaced the bill's sponsor, U.S. Representative Trent Franks (R-AZ), after Franks made controversial claims that the chances of pregnancy resulting from rape were "very low".[58][59] In 2015, Blackburn led a panel that investigated the Planned Parenthood undercover video controversy - where anti-abortion activists published a selectively edited video which purported to show that Planned Parenthood illicitly sold fetal tissue - no subsequent investigation into Planned Parenthood found any evidence of fetal tissue sales or of wrongdoing.[60] Later, in 2017, when Blackburn announced that she was running in the 2018 Tennessee senatorial race, she ran an advertisement saying that she "fought Planned Parenthood and we stopped the sale of baby body parts".[60][61] Twitter banned the advertisement on its platform because of her false assertion about the sale of baby body parts.[62][53] In 2015, Blackburn falsely claimed that 94% of Planned Parenthood's business revolves around abortion services; FactCheck.Org noted that abortions account for 3% of the total services provided by Planned Parenthood in 2013 and that most of Planned Parenthood's work is dedicated to treatment for sexually transmitted diseases, contraception, pregnancy tests, prenatal services and cancer screenings.[63]

In March 2016, Blackburn chaired the Republican-led Select Investigative Panel, a committee convened to "explore the ethical implications of using fetal tissue in biomedical research".[64] Democrats on the panel characterized the probe as a politically motivated witch hunt, and objected to subpoenas demanding "names of researchers, technicians and medical personnel involved in fetal tissue handling".[64] Subpoenaed biotechnology executives Eugene Gu of the Ganogen Research Institute and Cate Dyer of StemExpress argued in an article in Nature that the panel was intimidating researchers and patients.[65] Gu went on Science Friday on NPR and detailed his experiences living in close proximity to Blackburn's Congressional district and having armed United States Marshals deliver the subpoena to his home.[66] The Republican majority on the panel released a report concluding that fetal tissue "makes a vanishingly small contribution to clinical and research efforts, if it contributes at all"; scientists on the other hand widely hold that fetal tissue research is valuable for science and medicine.[62] A fact-check by Science magazine identified a number of falsehoods in the panel's report.[67]

Birther bill

In 2009, Blackburn sponsored legislation requiring presidential candidates to show their birth certificates. The bill was in response to so-called Birther conspiracy theories that falsely alleged that President Barack Obama was not born in the United States. Asked why she supported such a bill, Blackburn's spokesperson said that Blackburn did not doubt that Obama was an American citizen. The spokesperson inaccurately suggested that Obama had not provided any documents to prove he was a natural-born citizen.[68][69]

Health care and pharmaceuticals

Blackburn opposed the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), stating, with the passage of the bill, "freedom dies a little bit today."[70] She subsequently supported efforts to repeal the legislation, arguing that it "means well" but fails to live up to its promise.[71] In 2017, while arguing for the repeal of the Affordable Care Act, Blackburn falsely stated that two popular provisions of the Affordable Care Act (protections for individual with preexisting conditions and the provision allowing adult children to be on their parents' health plans until they're 26) "were two Republican provisions which made it into the [Obamacare] bill."[72] In her declaration that she would run for the Senate in 2018, she said that the failure to repeal the Affordable Care Act was "a disgrace".[73]

At October 2013 congressional hearings on the Affordable Care Act, commonly known as "Obamacare", Blackburn charged the health.gov website violated HIPAA and health information privacy rights. The next day, when a CNN interviewer pointed out that the only health-related question that the web site asks is "do you smoke?", Blackburn repeated her criticism of the site for violating privacy rights.[74]

According to The New York Times, Blackburn's most notable legislative achievement was co-sponsorship of legislation that revised the legal standard Drug Enforcement Agency to establish "a significant and present risk of death or serious bodily harm that is more likely than not to occur," rather than the previous standard of "imminent danger," before suspending opioid drug shipments.[75][53] The legislation passed the House and the Senate unanimously, but was criticized in internal agency documents, Justice Department documents, and by the DEA's chief administrative law judge, as hampering DEA enforcement actions against drug distribution companies engaging in black-market sales.[75]

Science and environment

Blackburn rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, saying in 2015 "The jury is still out saying man is the cause for global warming, after the earth started to cool 13 years ago."[76] Blackburn asserted that there is "not consensus" in the scientific community on climate change, and that climate change remains "unproven".[77][78][79]

Blackburn rejects the theory of evolution.[76]

In April 2009, an exchange between Blackburn and former Vice President Al Gore received significant publicity. During a congressional hearing on energy policy, Blackburn asked Gore, "The legislation that we are discussing here today, is that something that you are going to personally benefit from?"[80][81] Gore indicated in response that all income he earned from renewable technology investment went to non-profits.[82]

Telecommunications

Blackburn opposes net neutrality in the United States, referring to it as "socialistic".[83] Blackburn opposes municipal broadband initiatives that aim to compete with Internet service providers.[84][85] She supported bills that restrict municipalities from creating their own broadband networks, and wrote a bill to prevent the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) from preempting state laws that blocked municipal broadband.[86][87]

In early 2017, Blackburn introduced to the House a measure to dismantle an Obama-administration online privacy rule that had been adopted by the FCC in October 2016.[88] Blackburn's measure, which was supported by broadband providers but criticized by privacy advocates, repealed the rule which required broadband providers to obtain consumers' permission before sharing their online data, including browsing histories.[88][89] The measure passed the House in a party-line vote in March 2017, after a similar measure had been passed by the Senate the same week.[88] She subsequently proposed legislation which expanded the requirement to include internet companies as well as broadband providers.[90]

As of 2017, Blackburn had accepted at least $693,000 in campaign contributions from telecom companies over her career in Congress.[91][92]

LGBT rights

Blackburn opposes same-sex marriage.[93] Blackburn said that the Supreme Court's 2015 decision in Obergefell v. Hodges was "a disappointment. I have always supported traditional marriage. Despite this decision, no one can overrule the truth about what marriage actually is -- a sacred institution between a man and a woman."[94] In 2010, Blackburn voted against repealing the military's Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy.[95]

In 2013, Blackburn voted in favor of the reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act in the House,[96] but voted against the Senate's version of the Act, which expanded VAWA to apply to people regardless of sexual orientation.[97] Blackburn argued that increasing the number of targets for VAWA funding would "dilute the money that needs to go into the sexual assault centers, domestic abuse centers, [and] child advocacy centers,"[98] and said VAWA ought to remain focused on supporting women's shelters and facilitating law enforcement against crimes against women, rather than addressing other groups or issues.[99] She voted against the Employment Non-Discrimination Act to ban discrimination against LGBT employees, has a 0% rating from the Human Rights Campaign, a PAC which supports gay rights and same-sex marriage, and voted to for a proposed constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage.[97]

Donald Trump

Blackburn is a staunch supporter of Donald Trump, and has backed most of his policies and proposals.[34][38][53] She nominated Trump for a Nobel Peace Prize for his negotiations with North Korea.[53]

In November, 2016, Blackburn joined Donald Trump's presidential transition team as vice chair.[100]

Immigration

She supported President Donald Trump's 2017 executive order imposing a temporary travel and immigration ban barring the nationals of seven Muslim-majority countries from entering the U.S.[101]

Women's issues

In 2009, Blackburn voted against the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act and the Paycheck Fairness Act.[102]

Personal life

Blackburn is married to Chuck Blackburn,[7] and they live in Brentwood, a suburb of Nashville in Williamson County.[19] The couple have two children.[7] Her husband is the founder of the International Bow Tie Society (IBTS). She is a Presbyterian.[6]

She is a member of The C Street Family, a prayer group that includes members of Congress.[103] She is a former member of the Smithsonian Libraries Advisory Board.[19]

See also

References

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  2. ^ "Hilman Wedgeworth: WWII veteran; father of Rep. Blackburn - Brentwood Home Page". brentwoodhomepage.com.
  3. ^ Mississippi State University (9 October 1974). "Reveille". Mississippi State University – via Internet Archive.
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  5. ^ a b "Mississippi State University Libraries: Congressional and Political Research Center: Collections: The Marsha Blackburn Collection". Library.msstate.edu. Retrieved 2017-02-26.
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  17. ^ David Lightman and Chris Echegaray (November 16, 2010). "TN senators back freeze on special spending". The Tennessean. p. 2.
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  43. ^ "Taylor Swift's Instagram Post Has Caused A Massive Spike In Voter Registration". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved 2018-10-09.
  44. ^ "Shake it off: Taylor Swift's political endorsement draws praise, backlash". The Tennessean. Retrieved 2018-10-09.
  45. ^ Chen, Kelly (8 October 2018). "Mike Huckabee Dismisses Taylor Swift's Political Endorsement Because '13-Year-Old Girls' Can't Vote" – via Huff Post.
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  54. ^ "2005 Votes by State Delegation". ACU Ratings. Archived from the original on July 6, 2009. Retrieved 2010-03-14. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  55. ^ "2007 Votes by State Delegation". ACU Ratings. Archived from the original on January 15, 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-14. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  56. ^ "2009 Votes by State Delegation". ACU Ratings. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  57. ^ Peters, Jeremy (June 17, 2013). "G.O.P. Pushes New Abortion Limits to Appease Vocal Base". The New York Times.
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  59. ^ Parkinson, John (June 12, 2013). "Rep. Trent Franks Claims 'Very Low' Pregnancy Rate From Rape". ABC News.
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  61. ^ "Twitter's ban on Marsha Blackburn's ad mentioning "baby body parts," explained". Vox. Retrieved 2018-09-06.
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  63. ^ "Planned Parenthood's Services - FactCheck.org". FactCheck.org. 2015-09-04. Retrieved 2018-09-06.
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  65. ^ Gu, E.; Dyer, C. "Fetal tissue: US panel risks infant and researcher lives". Nature. 535: 37. doi:10.1038/535037c. PMID 27383974. Retrieved 2017-02-26.
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  69. ^ "The Birthers in Congress". Salon. 2009-07-28. Retrieved 2018-10-08.
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  81. ^ Usborne, David (November 4, 2009). "Al Gore denies he is 'carbon billionaire'". The Independent.
  82. ^ Ensha, Azadeh (April 27, 2009). "Gore to Blackburn: 'You Don't Know Me'". The New York Times.
  83. ^ Sam Gustin. "Why Marsha Blackburn's Rise Is Bad News for Net Neutrality and Science". Motherboard. Vice Media. Blackburn has waged a relentless campaign against the FCC's policy safeguarding net neutrality, the principle that all internet content should be equally accessible, which she has disparaged as "socialistic."
  84. ^ Brodkin, Jon. "Republicans' "Internet Freedom Act" would wipe out net neutrality". Arstechnica.com. Retrieved 2017-02-26.
  85. ^ Brodkin, Jon. "Congresswoman defends "states' rights" to protect ISPs from muni competition". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2017-02-26.
  86. ^ Eggerton, John (July 16, 2014) "Blackburn Bill Would Block FCC Preemption", Broadcasting & Cable; retrieved December 30, 2015.
  87. ^ Sirota, David (July 16, 2014) "Marsha Blackburn (R-TN): Why One Congresswoman Wants To Block Fast, Cheap Internet In Her District", International Business Times; retrieved December 30, 2015.
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  89. ^ "House Votes To Let Internet Providers Sell Your Browsing History". Vocativ.com. 2017-03-28. Retrieved 2017-03-28.
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  92. ^ Sam Gustin. "Meet Marsha Blackburn, Big Telecom's Best Friend in Congress". Motherboard. Vice Media. Blackburn has also been a major recipient of financial support from the nation's largest telecom and cable companies.
  93. ^ Boucher, Dave (June 26, 2015). "Gay marriage: Tennessee reacts to landmark decision". The Tennessean. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
  94. ^ "Blackburn Statement on SCOTUS Marriage Ruling". House.gov. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  95. ^ "House Vote 638 - Repeals 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell'". ProPublica. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  96. ^ Reynard, Mike. "Press Release: Blackburn Statement on House Reauthorization of Violence Against Women Act". blackburn.house.gov. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
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  99. ^ "Congresswoman Votes Against VAWA Because of LGBT Inclusiveness". The Advocate. Retrieved 2017-10-25. I didn't like the way it was expanded to include other different groups...What you need is something that is focused specifically to help the shelters and to help out law enforcement who is trying to work with the crimes that have been committed against women and helping them to stand up
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  102. ^ Dickson, Caitlin (2013-06-09). "The Fringe Factor: Women Don't Want Equal Pay Laws". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
  103. ^ Inside The C Street House Archived 2009-07-24 at the Wayback Machine, Salon.com, July 21, 2009.
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Tennessee Senate
Preceded by Member of the Tennessee Senate
from the 23rd district
1999–2003 		Succeeded by
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Tennessee's 7th congressional district
2003–present 		Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Tennessee
(Class 1)
2018 		Most recent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by United States Representatives by seniority
96th 		Succeeded by
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