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Solar eclipse of December 12, 1871

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Solar eclipse of December 12, 1871
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma0.1836
Magnitude1.0465
Maximum eclipse
Duration263 s (4 min 23 s)
Coordinates12°42′S 119°24′E / 12.7°S 119.4°E / -12.7; 119.4
Max. width of band157 km (98 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse4:03:38
References
Saros130 (44 of 73)
Catalog # (SE5000)9215

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Tuesday, December 12, 1871, with a magnitude of 1.0465. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 10.5 hours before perigee (on December 12, 1871, at 14:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[1]

The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day India, Indonesia, Australia, and the Solomon Islands. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of the Middle East, Central Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Oceania.

Observations

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Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[2]

December 12, 1871 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1871 December 12 at 01:26:08.7 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1871 December 12 at 02:21:32.0 UTC
First Central Line 1871 December 12 at 02:22:19.2 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1871 December 12 at 02:23:06.3 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 1871 December 12 at 03:20:05.5 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1871 December 12 at 04:00:15.7 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1871 December 12 at 04:01:45.0 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1871 December 12 at 04:03:38.0 UTC
Greatest Duration 1871 December 12 at 04:07:16.3 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 1871 December 12 at 04:47:15.4 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1871 December 12 at 05:44:11.2 UTC
Last Central Line 1871 December 12 at 05:44:58.8 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1871 December 12 at 05:45:46.5 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1871 December 12 at 06:41:07.5 UTC
December 12, 1871 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.04651
Eclipse Obscuration 1.09519
Gamma 0.18356
Sun Right Ascension 17h15m20.1s
Sun Declination -23°03'31.7"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'14.9"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.9"
Moon Right Ascension 17h15m28.6s
Moon Declination -22°52'28.0"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'43.2"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 1°01'21.7"
ΔT -1.0 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of December 1871
December 12
Descending node (new moon)
December 26
Ascending node (full moon)
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 130
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 142
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Eclipses in 1871

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 130

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1870–1873

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[3]

The partial solar eclipses on January 31, 1870 and July 28, 1870 occurs in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1870 to 1873
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
115 June 28, 1870

Partial
−1.1949 120 December 22, 1870

Total
0.8585
125 June 18, 1871

Annular
−0.4550 130 December 12, 1871

Total
0.1836
135 June 6, 1872

Annular
0.3095 140 November 30, 1872

Hybrid
−0.5081
145 May 26, 1873

Partial
1.0513 150 November 20, 1873

Partial
−1.2625

Saros 130

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 130, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 73 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on August 20, 1096. It contains total eclipses from April 5, 1475 through July 18, 2232. There are no annular or hybrid eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 73 as a partial eclipse on October 25, 2394. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 30 at 6 minutes, 41 seconds on July 11, 1619. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[4]

Series members 41–62 occur between 1801 and 2200:
41 42 43

November 9, 1817

November 20, 1835

November 30, 1853
44 45 46

December 12, 1871

December 22, 1889

January 3, 1908
47 48 49

January 14, 1926

January 25, 1944

February 5, 1962
50 51 52

February 16, 1980

February 26, 1998

March 9, 2016
53 54 55

March 20, 2034

March 30, 2052

April 11, 2070
56 57 58

April 21, 2088

May 3, 2106

May 14, 2124
59 60 61

May 25, 2142

June 4, 2160

June 16, 2178
62

June 26, 2196

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between February 23, 1830 and July 19, 1917
February 22–23 December 11–12 September 29–30 July 18–19 May 6–7
108 110 112 114 116

February 23, 1830

July 18, 1841

May 6, 1845
118 120 122 124 126

February 23, 1849

December 11, 1852

September 29, 1856

July 18, 1860

May 6, 1864
128 130 132 134 136

February 23, 1868

December 12, 1871

September 29, 1875

July 19, 1879

May 6, 1883
138 140 142 144 146

February 22, 1887

December 12, 1890

September 29, 1894

July 18, 1898

May 7, 1902
148 150 152 154

February 23, 1906

December 12, 1909

September 30, 1913

July 19, 1917

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

June 16, 1806
(Saros 124)

May 16, 1817
(Saros 125)

April 14, 1828
(Saros 126)

March 15, 1839
(Saros 127)

February 12, 1850
(Saros 128)

January 11, 1861
(Saros 129)

December 12, 1871
(Saros 130)

November 10, 1882
(Saros 131)

October 9, 1893
(Saros 132)

September 9, 1904
(Saros 133)

August 10, 1915
(Saros 134)

July 9, 1926
(Saros 135)

June 8, 1937
(Saros 136)

May 9, 1948
(Saros 137)

April 8, 1959
(Saros 138)

March 7, 1970
(Saros 139)

February 4, 1981
(Saros 140)

January 4, 1992
(Saros 141)

December 4, 2002
(Saros 142)

November 3, 2013
(Saros 143)

October 2, 2024
(Saros 144)

September 2, 2035
(Saros 145)

August 2, 2046
(Saros 146)

July 1, 2057
(Saros 147)

May 31, 2068
(Saros 148)

May 1, 2079
(Saros 149)

March 31, 2090
(Saros 150)

February 28, 2101
(Saros 151)

January 29, 2112
(Saros 152)

December 28, 2122
(Saros 153)

November 26, 2133
(Saros 154)

October 26, 2144
(Saros 155)

September 26, 2155
(Saros 156)

August 25, 2166
(Saros 157)

July 25, 2177
(Saros 158)

June 24, 2188
(Saros 159)

May 24, 2199
(Saros 160)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

January 21, 1814
(Saros 128)

December 31, 1842
(Saros 129)

December 12, 1871
(Saros 130)

November 22, 1900
(Saros 131)

November 1, 1929
(Saros 132)

October 12, 1958
(Saros 133)

September 23, 1987
(Saros 134)

September 1, 2016
(Saros 135)

August 12, 2045
(Saros 136)

July 24, 2074
(Saros 137)

July 4, 2103
(Saros 138)

June 13, 2132
(Saros 139)

May 25, 2161
(Saros 140)

May 4, 2190
(Saros 141)

References

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  1. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  2. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 1871 Dec 12". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  3. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  4. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 130". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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