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Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021

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Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021
Radar collage of a supercell that spawned a tornado family during the outbreak
TypeExtratropical cyclone
Winter storm
Tornado outbreak
FormedDecember 10, 2021 (2021-12-10)
Duration11 hours (approx.)
DissipatedDecember 11, 2021 (2021-12-11)
Lowest pressure974 mbar (28.8 inHg)[1]
Tornadoes
confirmed		26+
Max. rating1EF3+ tornado
Fatalities100+ confirmed (80+ in Kentucky)[2][3]
DamageUnknown
Areas affectedCentral, Southern, and Midwestern United States

1Most severe tornado damage; see Enhanced Fujita scale

A rare, late-season tornado outbreak affected portions of the Southern and Midwestern United States from the evening of December 10 to the early morning of December 11, 2021. The event progressed as a trough progressed eastward across the United States, interacting with an unseasonably moist and unstable environment across the Mississippi Valley. Tornado activity began in northeastern Arkansas, before progressing into Missouri, Illinois, Tennessee, and Kentucky.[4]

The most prolific activity was caused by a long-track supercell thunderstorm that produced a family of strong tornadoes, if not a single long-track tornado, across four Mid-Southern states. The tornadoes first touched down in northeastern Arkansas, and tracked through the Missouri Bootheel, ripping through towns such as Monette and Leachville, Arkansas, and Hayti and Caruthersville, Missouri; after crossing the Mississippi River into portions of West Tennessee, the storm eventually tore through western Kentucky, where the towns of Mayfield, Dawson Springs, and Bremen suffered heavy to catastrophic damage.[4]

Preliminary estimates suggest the tornado family—identified by some media outlets as the "Quad-State tornado," due to the storm's similar characteristics to the 1925 Tri-State tornado—may have cut a path of up to 250 miles (400 km) across the affected areas; if confirmed to be a single tornado by storm surveys, it would surpass the March 18, 1925, tornado event (which carved a 219-mile [352 km] path across Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana) in terms of path length.[5] Other tornadic thunderstorms affected portions of eastern Missouri, southern Illinois, western and middle Tennessee, and western and central Kentucky during the late evening into the overnight hours of December 11, including three intense tornadoes that hit Bowling Green, Kentucky; Edwardsville, Illinois; and Defiance, Missouri.

At least 94 people are confirmed to have been killed by the tornadoes, surpassing the Vicksburg, Mississippi tornado of December 5, 1953, which caused 38 fatalities, as the deadliest December tornado event ever recorded in the United States. Unconfirmed estimates suggest that the tornado outbreak may have caused 100 deaths across the four states, with 70 residents feared dead in Mayfield, Kentucky alone,[6][7] which would make it the deadliest tornado event worldwide since May 2011.[8] 80 Kentucky residents have been confirmed dead so far, which surpasses the Louisville-area tornado of March 27, 1890, which caused 76 deaths, as the deadliest tornado event in Kentucky history.[9]

Meteorological synopsis

Rotation tracks for the Quad-State tornado family, which took place across Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky during the night of December 10, 2021 into the next day. Stronger rotations are in blue. Area affected by the Quad-State tornado family encircled.
External image
image icon Animation of Tornado outbreak from December 11, 1:20 to 7:00 UTC

The Storm Prediction Center (SPC) first delineated a slight risk of severe weather along much of the Mississippi Valley on December 8. Despite the potential for a higher-end severe threat to materialize, forecasters expressed uncertainty regarding the extent of instability, degree of directional wind shear, and late timing of potential storms.[10] The following day, the SPC discussed higher certainty in a corridor of organized severe thunderstorm potential stretching from southeastern Arkansas northeast into southern Indiana, upgrading that region to an enhanced risk.[11]

As an intense upper-level trough progressed across the High Plains, with robust instability and moisture return realized across the Mississippi Valley, the SPC expanded the enhanced risk and introduced a moderate risk area from northeastern Arkansas into southern Illinois on the morning of December 10. Forecasters indicated that atmospheric conditions favored the development of nocturnal supercells capable of producing long-tracked, strong tornadoes.[12]

At 3:00 p.m. CST (21:00 UTC), the SPC issued a tornado watch across the highest risk area (encompassing central and eastern Arkansas, west Tennessee, northwestern Mississippi, southeastern Missouri, and southern portions of Illinois and Indiana), the first of eleven issued over subsequent hours over the middle Mississippi Valley.[13] Initial storms developed across central Arkansas around 2:30 p.m. CST (20:30 UTC), with even weaker activity developing over central Missouri a little over an hour later; additional clusters of thunderstorms developed from southwestern Missouri into northeastern Oklahoma and over central Arkansas (forming southwest of Hot Springs) about 90 minutes later.[14] Though this activity lacked much vigor at its onset,[15] the convective cells began to show organization as they progressed eastward.

One such storm—which formed from the initial mid-afternoon activity near Arkadelphia, Arkansas—matured into a long-lived supercell as it progressed in an unstable, deeply moist, and highly-sheared environment;[16] this cell, which began to develop surface-based rotation southwest of Searcy around 5:30 p.m. CST (23:30 UTC), ultimately persisted for 250 miles (400 km) over several hours from eastern Arkansas into Kentucky, producing multiple large and intense tornadoes along its track. Doppler radar estimates indicated the supercell had an average rotational velocity of 94 mph (151 km/h) over the span of approximately four hours, among a rarity of thunderstorms (averaging 1.5% of all supercells) that produce tornadic rotation exceeding such speeds.[17][18] Elsewhere, multiple lines of intense storms, some featuring embedded supercells, developed across the Mississippi Valley region, contributing to additional strong and long-lived tornadoes.[19][20] By the pre-dawn hours of December 11, a decrease in instability led to a gradual weakening of a line of thunderstorms stretching along the associated cold front from eastern Kentucky southward into central Alabama.[21][22]

The National Weather Service (NWS) issued a total of 146 tornado warnings throughout the night for areas in several states including Arkansas, Tennessee, Missouri, Mississippi, Kentucky, Illinois, and Indiana.[23] Multiple PDS tornado warnings and tornado emergencies were also issued as well in Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri. Eight of the tornado warnings issued during the event by the NWS offices in Memphis, Tennessee, and Paducah, Kentucky were tornado emergency declarations, the most issued during the month of December (breaking the previous record of three issued on December 23, 2015).[24][25]

Confirmed tornadoes

Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
0 4 8 9 5 0 0 26+

December 10 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Friday, December 10, 2021[note 1]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width Summary
EF0 SW of Emerald Mountain Elmore AL 32°26′11″N 86°07′57″W / 32.4364°N 86.1324°W / 32.4364; -86.1324 (Emerald Mountain (December 10, EF0)) 22:12 0.19 mi (0.31 km) 50 yd (46 m) A brief, weak tornado occurred just northeast of Montgomery and southeast of Wetumpka. One home had roofing and soffit blown off, a second home had many shingles removed, and a third home had roofing blown off a back porch. Fencing was blown down, and small debris was blown into trees.[26]
EF0 NE of Wellsville Montgomery MO 39°05′35″N 91°32′20″W / 39.0930°N 91.5390°W / 39.0930; -91.5390 (Wellsville (December 10, EF0)) 00:59–01:00 1 mi (1.6 km) 50 yd (46 m) A weak tornado downed trees and damaged corn crops.[27]
EF? SW of Monette, AR to NE of Samburg, TN Craighead (AR), Mississippi (AR), Dunklin (MO), Pemiscot (MO), Lake (TN), Obion (TN) AR, MO, TN 35°47′N 90°35′W / 35.79°N 90.59°W / 35.79; -90.59 (Monette (December 10, EF?)) 01:08–02:45 ~80 mi (130 km) >500 yd (460 m) 5 deaths – Long-tracked, intense tornado or tornado family struck numerous towns. One death occurred in a nursing home in Monette. Another person was killed when a Dollar General collapsed in Leachville. Three other deaths occurred in Tennessee. Preliminary survey.
EF1 NW of Branson West Stone MO 36°42′29″N 93°23′13″W / 36.708°N 93.387°W / 36.708; -93.387 (Branson West (December 10, EF1)) 01:37–01:40 0.67 mi (1.08 km) 75 yd (69 m) Around 20 homes sustained roof and siding damage, and trees and power lines were downed.[28]
EF3 NW of Augusta to SE of Harvester St. Charles, St. Louis MO 38°35′54″N 90°54′31″W / 38.5982°N 90.9085°W / 38.5982; -90.9085 (Defiance (December 10, EF3)) 01:35–01:57 21 mi (34 km) 100 yd (91 m) 1 death – A high-end EF3 tornado completely swept away and destroyed two homes near Defiance. One was 110 years old and lacked anchoring to the concrete foundation, and the other, where one person was killed and two others were injured, was swept clean to the subfloor, which was still anchored to the concrete foundation. Many other homes and structures were damaged along the path. Vehicles were damaged, and trees and power lines were downed.[27][29]
EF2 SSW of Virginia to ESE of Chandlerville Cass IL 39°53′43″N 90°14′23″W / 39.8954°N 90.2398°W / 39.8954; -90.2398 (Virginia (December 10, EF2)) 01:47–01:59 12.78 mi (20.57 km) 200 yd (180 m) A tornado caused significant damage to a home and demolished several farm buildings on a farmstead. One horse was killed and another was injured. Several storage tanks were overturned, approximately 15 power poles were damaged, and trees were downed.[30]
EF1 S of Diaz Jackson AR 35°37′57″N 91°15′49″W / 35.6324°N 91.2636°W / 35.6324; -91.2636 (Diaz (December 10, EF1)) 02:06–02:07 0.5 mi (0.80 km) 80 yd (73 m) Apartment buildings and structures at a nearby park were damaged. Several trees were uprooted.[31]
EF2 NE of Atterberry Menard IL 40°03′39″N 89°54′55″W / 40.0607°N 89.9153°W / 40.0607; -89.9153 (Atterberry (December 10, EF2)) 02:07–02:16 4.6 mi (7.4 km) 250 yd (230 m) A strong tornado severely damaged or destroyed several sheds and outbuildings. A house sustained significant roof damage, while many trees were snapped or uprooted. An irrigation pivot was overturned as well.[30]
EF2 NE of Augusta Woodruff, Jackson AR 35°18′25″N 91°21′35″W / 35.307°N 91.3598°W / 35.307; -91.3598 (Augusta (December 10, EF2)) 02:13–02:22 8.6 mi (13.8 km) 500 yd (460 m) Homes and farm buildings were severely damaged. Trees were snapped and uprooted. Three people were injured.[31][29]
EF3 SW of Edwardsville Madison IL 38°45′40″N 90°02′54″W / 38.7611°N 90.0482°W / 38.7611; -90.0482 (Edwardsville (December 10, EF3)) 02:28–02:32 3.65 mi (5.87 km) 300 yd (270 m) 6 deaths – A significant tornado touched down just northeast of Pontoon Beach, rapidly intensifying before striking an Amazon warehouse. The west-facing walls of the structure collapsed inward, causing cascading structural failure to walls and a large section of the roof. Six people were killed in the warehouse. Cars at the facility were thrown eastward, while power lines and several large high-tension towers were destroyed. An unanchored mobile home and an outbuilding were destroyed, while houses suffered more superficial damage. Trees were downed along the path.[32]
EF1 SSW of Beedeville Jackson AR 35°24′28″N 91°07′30″W / 35.4077°N 91.125°W / 35.4077; -91.125 (Beedeville (December 10, EF1)) 02:30–02:31 0.5 mi (0.80 km) 30 yd (27 m) Some trees were uprooted, and a couple travel trailers were blown over.[31]
EF3+ SW of Cayce to W of McDaniels Fulton, Hickman, Graves, Marshall, Lyon, Caldwell, Hopkins, Muhlenberg, McLean, Ohio, Breckinridge, Grayson KY 36°34′N 89°02′W / 36.56°N 89.04°W / 36.56; -89.04 (Cayce (December 10, EF3)) 02:55–05:45 ~150 mi (240 km) >1,320 yd (1,210 m) 45+ deaths – See article on this tornado – Eleven deaths were confirmed in Dawson Springs, twelve in Bremen, and twenty in Mayfield (with an estimate of 100+).[33][34] In addition, four people died in Caldwell County (which includes part of Dawson Springs), and one died in Fulton County.[34] The number of fatalities is estimated based on reports from government officials. Preliminary survey.[35]
EF2 S of Sorento to NW of Cowden Bond, Montgomery, Fayette, Shelby IL 38°59′07″N 89°34′11″W / 38.9854°N 89.5697°W / 38.9854; -89.5697 (Sorento (December 10, EF2)) 02:53–03:36 41.47 mi (66.74 km) 690 yd (630 m) A long-tracked tornado destroyed outbuildings, snapped, twisted, or uprooted many trees, and downed power lines.[32][30]
EF2 SSE of Windsor to NE of Mattoon Shelby, Moultrie, Coles IL 39°25′08″N 88°35′24″W / 39.419°N 88.59°W / 39.419; -88.59 (Herrick (December 10, EF2)) 03:50–04:04 15.8 mi (25.4 km) 200 yd (180 m) A small farm outbuilding was destroyed and power poles were broken southeast of Windsor. The tornado struck an agricultural services plant west of Gays, damaging or destroying several buildings and flipping three tanker trucks. Additional homes and outbuildings were damaged in western Coles County.[30]
EF0 N of Cedar Lake Lake IN 41°25′N 87°28′W / 41.41°N 87.46°W / 41.41; -87.46 (Cedar Lake (December 10, EF0)) 04:05–04:10 4.8 mi (7.7 km) 100 yd (91 m) A weak tornado caused scattered light to moderate roof damage. Numerous tree limbs were snapped, and several trees and a power pole were downed.[36]
EF2 NE of Ellington Reynolds MO 37°16′24″N 90°52′36″W / 37.2734°N 90.8766°W / 37.2734; -90.8766 (Ellington (December 10, EF2)) 04:05–04:11 6.3 mi (10.1 km) 300 yd (270 m) A strong tornado completely deroofed two homes and destroyed the exterior wall of a third house. Other homes and a single-wide trailer were damaged. Two outbuildings were destroyed, while trees and power lines were snapped.[37]
EF? Newbern to Kenton Dyer, Gibson, Obion TN 36°08′N 89°13′W / 36.14°N 89.21°W / 36.14; -89.21 (Newbern (December 10, EF?)) 04:30–04:47 >10 mi (16 km) >50 yd (46 m) Significant damage was reported in Newbern and Kenton.
EF? Dresden to ENE of Buchanan Weakley, Henry TN 36°17′N 88°41′W / 36.28°N 88.69°W / 36.28; -88.69 (Newbern (December 10, EF?)) 05:08–05:45 >30 mi (48 km) >50 yd (46 m) Major damage was reported in downtown Dresden, with numerous homes destroyed. In Henry County, trees were damaged, and trees were downed. Tornado may have continued into Stewart County. One person was injured in Dresden.
EF3 W of McDaniels Ohio, Breckinridge, Grayson KY 36°56′N 86°35′W / 36.93°N 86.58°W / 36.93; -86.58 (McDaniels (December 10, EF3)) 05:30–05:45 >10 mi (16 km) 150 yd (140 m) Preliminary survey. May be connected to the long-track tornado that struck Mayfield. EF2 damage was confirmed north of Olaton in Ohio County and EF3 damage was confirmed between Olaton and Hartford.[38]

December 11 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Saturday, December 11, 2021[note 1]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width Summary
EF2+ SW of Bumpus Mills to Pembroke Stewart (TN), Christian (KY) TN, KY 36°32′N 87°57′W / 36.54°N 87.95°W / 36.54; -87.95 (Bumpus Mills (December 10, EF2)) 06:00–06:30 >25 mi (40 km) >440 yd (400 m) Structural damage and injuries were reported in Stewart County. Confirmed via tornado debris signature. Tornado may have struck Weakley and Henry counties. Three people were injured. The Stewart County portion of the track was rated EF2, with a path length of 18 miles (29 km).[29]
EF? W of Russellville Logan KY 36°52′N 87°02′W / 36.86°N 87.04°W / 36.86; -87.04 (Russellville (December 10, EF?)) 06:45– >5 mi (8.0 km) >100 yd (91 m) Confirmed via numerous storm spotters and tornado debris signature.
EF1 SE of Mount Washington Spencer KY 38°01′N 85°29′W / 38.01°N 85.49°W / 38.01; -85.49 (Mt. Washington (December 10, EF1)) 06:51–06:53 1.5 mi (2.4 km) 100 yd (91 m) A farm was impacted, where a few silos were knocked over and a barn was collapsed. Trees were downed, and outbuildings were damaged.[39]
EF3 Bowling Green Warren KY 36°56′N 86°35′W / 36.93°N 86.58°W / 36.93; -86.58 (Bowling Green (December 10, EF3)) 07:19–07:24 5 mi (8.0 km) 250 yd (230 m) 7+ deaths – Tornado moved through downtown Bowling Green, where hundreds of homes sustained significant damage, including exterior walls collapsed, roofs removed, garages blown in, and garages destroyed. Hundreds of power lines were downed and power poles were snapped. Many trees were snapped, uprooted, or twisted. Dozens of vehicles were flipped, twisted, and thrown into homes. A fully loaded tractor-trailer was moved about 15 yards (14 m) in front of a restaurant. At the GM Corvette Assembly Plant, significant roof damage occurred, with metal sheeting, insulation, and other debris thrown hundreds of yards. A security checkpoint at the Corvette assembly plant was totally destroyed, with large sections of the building being thrown several hundred yards. Dozens of people were injured. Preliminary survey.[40]
EF2 Horse Cave to Hardyville Hart KY 36°56′N 86°35′W / 36.93°N 86.58°W / 36.93; -86.58 (Horse Cave (December 10, EF2)) 07:51–08:03 8 mi (13 km) 200 yd (180 m) Preliminary survey. One person was injured.
EF1 S of Ada Hardin OH 40°43′50″N 83°49′35″W / 40.7305°N 83.8264°W / 40.7305; -83.8264 (Ada (December 10, EF1)) 08:06–08:10 1.6 mi (2.6 km) 260 yd (240 m) A business, a home, and nearby outbuildings sustained extensive damage. Debris from the outbuildings were blown 0.7 miles (1.1 km) away. Multiple trees were snapped as well.[41]
EF3 Saloma Taylor KY 36°56′N 86°35′W / 36.93°N 86.58°W / 36.93; -86.58 (Saloma (December 10, EF3)) TBD >1 mi (1.6 km) 100 yd (91 m) Preliminary survey.
EF1 WNW of Lobelville to NW of Bucksnort Perry, Humphreys TN 35°48′00″N 87°53′16″W / 35.7999°N 87.8877°W / 35.7999; -87.8877 (Lobelville (December 10, EF1)) 08:15–08:26 12.2 mi (19.6 km) 250 yd (230 m) A roof was torn off a barn, an RV was overturned, and numerous trees were downed. The tornado dissipated at the Humphreys–Hickman county line.[42]
EF0 NNW of Centerville Hickman TN 35°56′01″N 87°35′03″W / 35.9336°N 87.5841°W / 35.9336; -87.5841 (Centerville (December 10, EF0)) 08:34–08:38 4.66 mi (7.50 km) 100 yd (91 m) Numerous trees were downed as the tornado crossed Interstate 40.[42]
EF2 S of Dickson Dickson TN 35°59′51″N 87°26′28″W / 35.9974°N 87.441°W / 35.9974; -87.441 (Dickson (December 10, EF2)) 08:43–08:51 8.34 mi (13.42 km) 500 yd (460 m) A strong tornado severely damaged the roofs and exterior walls of several homes, including some that were shifted off their foundations. Trees and electric power poles were damaged as well. Two people were injured.[42]
EF1 SSW of White Bluff Dickson TN 36°01′33″N 87°18′18″W / 36.0257°N 87.3051°W / 36.0257; -87.3051 (White Bluff (December 10, EF1)) 08:49–08:54 5.3 mi (8.5 km) 175 yd (160 m) Several trees were downed and tree branches were broken off.[42]
EF2 E of White Bluff to NNE of Pegram Dickson, Cheatham TN 36°06′17″N 87°11′36″W / 36.1048°N 87.1934°W / 36.1048; -87.1934 (Dickson (December 10, EF2)) 08:56–09:07 10.5 mi (16.9 km) 400 yd (370 m) Several homes and businesses sustained roof damage, the walls of a barn were collapsed, and trees and power poles were snapped. One person was injured.[42]
EF1 S of Hermitage to Mount Juliet Davidson, Wilson TN 36°08′N 86°35′W / 36.14°N 86.59°W / 36.14; -86.59 (Hermitage (December 10, EF1)) 10:31–10:39 7.6 mi (12.2 km) 100 yd (91 m) A tornado moved from near Percy Priest Lake into Mt. Juliet, crossing through numerous subdivisions. Many homes sustained mostly minor roof and siding damage, although some homes suffered more moderate damage. One house had its east side and garage blown out. Mount Juliet Elementary School sustained minor roof damage as well. Many trees were downed along the path as well.[42][43]

Impact

Overall, several states were heavily impacted by tornadoes. Many communities had their homes notably damaged, with some collapsed and reduced to rubble. Trees had their leaves and branches completely removed in some areas, and ground scouring occured. At least 94 people were confirmed dead after the tornadoes, eighty of whom were in Kentucky.

Outbreak death toll
State Fatalities County Fatalities
Arkansas 2 Craighead 1[44]
Mississippi 1[45]
Illinois 6 Madison 6[46]
Kentucky 80+ Unknown 19+[47]
Caldwell 4[34]
Fulton 1[34]
Graves 20[34]
Hopkins 11[48]
Muhlenberg 12[49]
Taylor 1[50]
Warren 12[34]
Missouri 1 St. Charles 1[51]
Tennessee 4 Lake 2[52]
Obion 1[53]
Shelby 1
Total 94+

Arkansas

The first major long-track tornado of the outbreak touched down in northeastern Craighead County, just northeast of Lake City, at 7:08 p.m. CST (01:08 UTC) on the evening of December 10; the tornado, which grew to a width of 800 yards (730 m) according to preliminary estimates, tracked northeast into Monette around 7:23 p.m. The Monette Manor nursing home was struck by the tornado, killing one person and trapping 20 other residents and employees.[54] Five people were reported seriously injured.[55] State Highways 135 and 139 were also shut down near the town due to downed power lines on the roadways.[56] It later crossed into northwestern Mississippi County, entering northern sections of Leachville at 7:30 p.m. CST. The tornado caused significant damage to a local Dollar General, killing a woman who worked as the store's assistant manager inside. The tornado crossed the state line into Dunklin County, Missouri around 7:40 p.m. CST.[57][56]

A separate tornado—developed from a supercell that formed along a quasi-linear thunderstorm complex moving through central and eastern Arkansas late that evening—touched down in Poinsett County, hitting the town of Trumann shortly after 9:10 p.m. CST. Significant damage was reported in the city; the Trumann fire department building had its roof ripped off, and a local nursing home was damaged, although nobody was injured as the building was being evacuated before the tornado struck.[55] Southwest of Trumann, both lanes of Interstate 555 were closed for most of the evening due to a semi-trailer truck that was overturned on the northbound lane (near Mile Marker 26) by straight-line thunderstorm winds, which was leaking natural gas being transported by the vehicle onto the highway.[57]

Illinois

A tornado touched down in Madison County, just northwest of the intersection of Interstates 255 and 270, at 8:28 p.m. CST on the evening of December 10; the tornado grew to a width of 300 yards (270 m) and strengthened to EF3 intensity as it tracked northeast into Edwardsville shortly after 8:30 p.m. According to Edwardsville police, at least six people died during the partial collapse of a local Amazon warehouse, where night workers were beginning their shifts and several employees were attending a Christmas party being held as the tornado approached the town.[58] Drone footage showed a partially collapsed roof and a gutted interior.[59]

Between 50 and 100 people were also trapped in the intact remnants of the warehouse;[60] about 30 people were brought to the Pontoon Beach police station in a bus for further evaluation.[55] One person was air-flown via helicopter to a hospital.[61] The tornado blew the roof of the building off, and a 100-foot wall also collapsed.[55][62]

Kentucky

Main article: 2021 Western Kentucky tornado

After the original long-track tornado that first touched down in northeastern Arkansas (and struck Monette) dissipated in Obion County, Tennessee, the associated supercell underwent a brief mesocyclone cycling phase as it begun crossing into Kentucky and spawned a new long-track tornado near the community of State Line around 8:55 p.m. CST (02:55 UTC). The tornado struck Cayce at about 9:00 p.m.,[63] and moved northeast through rural communities in Fulton and Hickman counties. Closely paralleling Interstate 69 and U.S. 45 into Graves County, the tornado (which moved into the city at 60 mph [97 km/h]) moved directly toward Mayfield, entering the city at 9:25 p.m. CST. One minute later, at 9:26 p.m. CST, the National Weather Service office in Paducah issued a tornado emergency for Mayfield. Radar estimates indicated that the tornado had lofted debris up to 30,000 feet (9,100 m) into the air as it ripped through the city, northeastward into nearby sections of Graves County.[64][18]

Most of the structures in Mayfield were heavily damaged or destroyed.[3] Serious damage occurred to several structures in the Mayfield Downtown Commercial District, including the city hall; the Graves County Courthouse suffered significant roof damage, had its clock tower torn off, and had some of its exterior upper-floor walls knocked down.[65] The fire station and police station in the city were also destroyed.[66] The town's emergency operations center lost the ability to transmit radio communications.[67] About 110 people reportedly were trapped at the Mayfield Consumer Products candle factory when the tornado hit the facility; by the evening of December 12, eight people had been confirmed dead and eight more remained unaccounted for.[68] City officials said eight people died and eight others remain missing at the factory.[68][69][66][55] Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear stated that over 50 people died in the city during a live phone interview with Louisville CBS affiliate WLKY on December 11.[6] He later upped his estimate to 70 people, and also said that the death toll could rise to over 100.[70]

A train derailment occurred in Earlington involving a CSX freight line train. The tornado picked up one of the train's freight cars, throwing it into a house. No casualties were reported.[71]

In Trigg County, over 14,000 residents were left without power.[72] Across the entire state, there were estimates between 60,000 and over 80,000 people being left without power.[62][57]

A tornado touched down near Bowling Green and approached downtown around 1:19 a.m. CST on December 11; the EF3 tornado developed on the back edge of a supercell spun off of a line of strong to severe thunderstorms over western Tennessee late in the evening of December 10. The overnight tornado's approach was noticed during long-form severe weather coverage on ABC/Fox affiliate WBKO; the station's tower camera, which was pointed toward the western sections of Bowling Green, captured a massive power failure in that part of the city as several transmission lines were knocked offline by the tornado, before the station's studio facility (located along US 68/KY 80 and the William H. Natcher Parkway) briefly lost electricity.[73]

Significant storm damage was reported in Bowling Green, prompting Western Kentucky University to cancel commencement ceremonies on the coming Saturday, due to the campus losing power; a relative of a graduating WKU student was killed in the storm.[74] At least 11 fatalities were reported in Bowling Green and nearby affected areas of Warren County, according to WBKO, and an unknown number of injuries have been reported from the city and Warren County as well; apartment complexes and factories on the west side of the city suffered the most severe damage from the tornado.[75][76]

At Bremen in Muhlenberg County, the death toll stood at 12, with victims ranging between the ages of 5 months and 75 years.[49] Among the fatalities was District Judge Brian Crick, who represented Muhlenberg and McLean counties, confirmed in a statement from the Supreme Court of Kentucky.[77] Multiple residents suffered injuries that required medical attention. A large number of trees fell and many homes were destroyed.[78]

In Taylor County, one woman was killed. Officials in the county said major damage occurred, but the extent is not known.[79] Rescue workers said many structures were destroyed in the county. Injured individuals were transported to a nearby medical facility.[50]

Because of power outages caused by the storms, the National Weather Service office in Paducah temporarily transferred warning responsibilities for its County Warning Area to the agency's Springfield, Missouri office, and NOAA Weather Radio stations operated by the Paducah office temporarily went off-the-air in parts of the state during the outbreak.[67][80]

The tornadoes in Kentucky have left at least 80 confirmed dead. Search and rescue teams are still actively looking for survivors.[69] The tornado is estimated to likely be the deadliest single tornado in Kentucky history since the 1890 Louisville-area outbreak, and the deadliest outbreak to have occurred in the state since the 1974 Super Outbreak.[9] The large amount of debris from the tornadoes lifted into the air was visible in radar images.[81]

Missouri

In St. Charles County, Missouri, one person died and three more were injured, one seriously, due to building collapses.[82] The tornado touched down near Missouri Route 94 in Defiance before barreling into town.[55][83]

Tennessee

Three deaths (two in Obion County and one in Lake County) were confirmed by officials at the Obion County Emergency Management and Tennessee Emergency Management Agency.[84][85] A fourth person was reported dead in Shelby County. Multiple serious injuries were also reported at a mobile home park in Samburg and at a resort.[86] Samburg was reported to be "pretty well flattened" by the Obion County Sheriff's Office dispatcher.[57] More than 130,000 people were left without power in the state.[57]

Non-tornadic impacts

The initial winter storm, unofficially referred to by the Weather Channel (TWC) as Winter Storm Atticus,[87][88] entered the Western United States on December 9. The storm brought the first measurable snowfall of the rainy season to Utah. In southern Wyoming and Colorado, the storm dropped a maximum total of 3 feet (0.91 m) of snow in the mountains.[89]

In Minnesota, some towns and cities received over one foot (30 cm) of snow. The Twin Cities received a maximum total of 21 inches (53 cm) of snow, making the winter storm the heaviest snowstorm recorded in the area since another blizzard in April 2018.[87] Minneapolis and St. Paul each declared snow emergencies. In the Twin Cities, Metro Transit reported that half of its busses were delayed. More than 250 flights were canceled at Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport. Near Faribault, a seven-car pileup occurred on Interstate 35. Minnesota State Patrol reported 232 crashes, causing 19 injuries.[90] The National Weather Service issued winter storm warnings for part of Minnesota during the December 10.[91]

In South Dakota, Sioux Falls issued a snow alert. The Lincoln County Sheriff's Office issued a no-travel alert. Several highways, including Interstate 229 and Interstate 90 were snow-covered.[92] Numerous school districts around the area cancelled classes on December 10.[93]

The storm system brought wind gusts up to 60 mph (95 km/h) to Lower Michigan and northern Indiana.[87] Nearly 200,000 customers were left without power in Michigan as the storm passed through,[94] while more than 7,000 customers lost power in Wisconsin.[95]

Aftermath

"I promise you, whatever is needed — whatever is needed — the federal government is going to find a way to provide it."

U.S. President Joe Biden, to Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear[96]

Recovery efforts are currently underway, as disaster-aid and humanitarian groups, such as the American Red Cross, The Salvation Army, and World Vision are collecting donations and traveling to or shipping relief items to affected areas to provide aid.[97]

On December 11, U.S. President Joe Biden approved a federal emergency disaster declaration for the state of Kentucky.[97] Biden also stated that he would approve emergency declarations for other states if they submitted them.[66] Earlier that day, Governor Beshear declared a state of emergency for parts of western Kentucky.[98] Beshear also announced the creation of a tornado relief fund and asked people to donate blood, as donated blood was running low throughout the pandemic.[97]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021.

Notes

  1. ^ a b All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.

References

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  74. ^ "Kentucky university clarifies storm-related fatality, says it is not aware of any fatalities within student body". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  75. ^ Bill Estep (December 11, 2021). "Widespread damage, deaths in Bowling Green, including WKU student set to graduate Saturday". Lexington Herald Ledger. Retrieved December 11, 2021.
  76. ^ "CORRECTION: Relative of Western Kentucky University student dies in early morning storms". WBKO. Gray Television. December 11, 2021.
  77. ^ WLKY Digital Team (December 11, 2021). "Kentucky district judge confirmed dead in tornado outbreak". WLKY. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
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  81. ^ Nathan Santo Domingo. "Usually, we can call these "hail spikes." It's a radar artifact that is usually caused by very large hail. In this instance, however, this is a "debris spike" due to a massive tornado lofting large objects high into the air. Unreal... #kywx". Twitter.
  82. ^ "Tornadoes in St. Louis area leave at least 2 people dead". Kansas City Star. December 11, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2021.
  83. ^ Jeff Bernthal; Ashleigh Jackson (December 11, 2021). "1 dead, 2 injured after tornado touches down in St. Charles County". KTVI. Retrieved December 11, 2021.
  84. ^ Action News 5 Staff (December 11, 2021). "3 dead in tornadoes in northwest Tennessee". KFVS-TV]]. Retrieved December 11, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  85. ^ Sebastian Posey (December 11, 2021). "2 people dead in Obion County tornado, TEMA reports". WKRN-TV. Retrieved December 11, 2021.
  86. ^ Evan Beebe (December 11, 2021). "3 deaths confirmed following tornadoes in northwest Tennessee". WPSD-TV. Retrieved December 11, 2021.
  87. ^ a b c "Winter Storm Atticus Dumped Up to 21 Inches of Snow in the Twin Cities; Great Lakes Damaging Wind Threat". weather.com. The Weather Company. December 11, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
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