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Julis

Coordinates: 32°56′39″N 35°11′9″E / 32.94417°N 35.18583°E / 32.94417; 35.18583
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Julis
  • ג'וליס
  • جولس
Local council (from 1967)
Hebrew transcription(s)
 • ISO 259Ǧúlis
Julis is located in Northwest Israel
Julis
Julis
Julis is located in Israel
Julis
Julis
Coordinates: 32°56′39″N 35°11′9″E / 32.94417°N 35.18583°E / 32.94417; 35.18583
Grid position167/260 PAL
Country Israel
DistrictNorthern
Government
 • Head of MunicipalityHussam Kabishi[1]
Area
 • Total3,970 dunams (3.97 km2 or 1.53 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[2]
 • Total6,738
 • Density1,700/km2 (4,400/sq mi)

Julis (Arabic: جولس Jūlis, Hebrew: ג'וּלִס G'ulis)[3] is a Druze village and local council in the Northern District of Israel. In 2022 it had a population of 6,738.[2]

Etymology

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According to local legend, the name is derived from "Julius," the name of a Roman commander who camped in the area. Others say it is from the Arabic word for "sitting" - "jalis", as it is located on lower hills than the surrounding villages, and thus seems to be sitting.

History

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Julis was a Jewish village in Talmudic times and had a Jewish presence in the Late Middle Ages (14th-16th centuries).[4] In 1388, Sa'adia Ben Ya'akov copied "The Sufficient Guide" by the Tanhum of Jerusalem, "in the town of Julis... near Acre."[5]

Ottoman period

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According to the 1596 Ottoman tax records Julis had a predominantly Druze population, with a total of 79 households. The taxable produce comprised wheat, barley, "summer crops", fruit trees, and "goats and bees". Julis also had a press for olive oil or grape syrup. Total taxes were 7,047 akçe.[6] During the 16th century there was also a small Jewish population.[7]

In the early part of the 18th century Julis was one of the major cotton producing villages in the area.[8] Later in the same century it was one of five villages in nahiya ("subdistrict") Sahil Akka (Acre coast), which were owned directly by the governor of Acre, and were exempt from the usual Ottoman taxes.[9]

A map by Pierre Jacotin from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 showed the place, named as Gioules.[10]

In 1875, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he called Djoules.[11] He noted that "before arriving at Julis I came upon a small plateau pierced by many cisterns. The cisterns and the cut stones which are built up in the modern houses show that the place is the site of an ancient town or village. On a neighbouring hill a waly is consecrated to the Sheikh Aly.'"[12] In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Julis as "a village built of stone containing about 200 Druzes, surrounded by olives and arable land."[13]

A population list from about 1887 showed that Julis had 360 inhabitants; all Druze.[14]

British Mandate

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In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Jules had a total population of 446 residents; 442 Druzes, 3 Christians and 1 Muslim.[15] All the Christians were Orthodox.[16] In the 1931 census it had increased to a population of 614; 586 Druse, 26 Christians, and 2 Muslims, in a total of 123 houses.[17]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Julis was 820; 40 Christians and 780 classified as others (i.e. Druze),[18] and the total land area was 14,708 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[19] Of this, 1,347 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 6,568 used for cereals,[20] while 63 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[21]

Israel

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Julis was captured by the Israeli army during Operation Dekel, 8–14 July 1948. Unlike many of the neighboring villages the inhabitants remained in their homes.[22]

President Reuven Rivlin in Julis, 2018

In 1967, Julis achieved local council status. The head of the council was Salman Hino. At the end of 2007, the town had 5,400 residents.[23] The annual population growth rate was 1.8%. The residents are Druze.

In 2000, a high percentage (72.1%, compared to 60.3% in Tel Aviv) of all high school students received a matriculation certificate.[citation needed] The mean income was NIS 5,067 per month (2007), compared to a national average of NIS 6,743.

Landmarks

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Grave of Sheikh Ali Fares, Julis
  • Druze Center House[24]
  • Maqam Shaykh al-Farsi - Located to the south of the old village, consisting of two older buildings and a domed one. In an open area there are two cenotaphs with inscriptions which record the life of Shaykh al-Farsi. His date of death is given as 1167 H (1753-1754 C.E.).[25] According to an inscription, the construction of the maqam (shrine) started in August, 1754.[26]
  • Sheik Ali Faris cave - Located about 2 kilometers North-East of Julis. In this cave Sheik Ali Faris resided and did his contemplation.

Notable people

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Mayor of Julis shoots contractor in argument
  2. ^ a b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  3. ^ Palmer, 1881, p.43
  4. ^ Grootkerk, Shlomo (2000-04-27). Ancient Sites in Galilee. BRILL. p. 37. ISBN 978-90-474-0027-1.
  5. ^ עמנואל הראובני, לקסיקון ארץ ישראל, ידיעות אחרונות, 2001. יצחק בן-צבי, שאר ישוב: מאמרים ופרקים בדברי ימי היישוב העברי בא"י וחקר המולדת, תרפ"ז, עמ' 168.
  6. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 191. Quoted in Petersen, 2001, p. 191, For Hütteroth and Abdulfattah typo, see Talk:Julis
  7. ^ Alex Carmel, Peter Schäfer and Yossi Ben-Artzi (1990). The Jewish Settlement in Palestine, 634–1881. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients : Reihe B, Geisteswissenschaften; Nr. 88. Wiesbaden: Reichert. p. 94.
  8. ^ Cohen, 1973, p. 12. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. 191
  9. ^ Cohen, 1973, pp. 126, 133. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. 191
  10. ^ Karmon, 1960, p. 162 Archived 2019-12-22 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Guérin, 1880, p. 8
  12. ^ Guérin, 1880, p. 8, as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 169
  13. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 146. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. 191
  14. ^ Schumacher, 1888, p. 173
  15. ^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 36
  16. ^ Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. 50
  17. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 101
  18. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 4
  19. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 40
  20. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 80
  21. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 130
  22. ^ Morris, 1987, p. 198
  23. ^ "Table 3 - Population of Localities Numbering Above 1,000 Residents and Other Rural Population" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2008-06-30. Retrieved 2008-10-04.
  24. ^ The Druze Center House - Hebrew Website
  25. ^ Petersen, 2001, p. 191
  26. ^ Sharon, 2016, pp. 208-210

Bibliography

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