Haplogroup R (mtDNA)

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Haplogroup R
Time of origin 66,000 YBP [1]
Place of origin Southwest Asia or Africa
Ancestor N
Descendants R0, R1, R2'JT, R5, R6'7, R8, 16304, R11'B, R12, R14, R23, R30, R31, P, U
Defining mutations 12705, 16223[2]

In human genetics, Haplogroup R is a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Contents

[edit] Origin

As of June 2009, the most recent study dates the origin of haplogroup R to 66.6kya with a 95% confidence interval of 52.6-81kya. As this date overlaps with the Out of Africa migration, which the study dates to 55-70kya, both an Asian origin and an African origin remain possible.[1][3]

Haplogroup R is a descendant of macro-Haplogroup N. Among its descendant haplogroups are B, U (and thus K), F, R0 (and thus HV, H, and V), and the ancestral haplogroup of J and T.

[edit] Distribution

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[edit] Subclades

[edit] Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup R subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[2] and subsequent published research.


  • R
    • R0
    • R1
      • R1a
        • R1a1
          • R1a1a
    • R2'JT
      • R2
      • JT
        • J
        • T
    • R5
      • R5a
        • R5a1
          • R5a1a
        • R5a2
          • R5a2a
          • R5a2b
            • R5a2b1
            • R5a2b2
            • R5a2b3
            • R5a2b4
    • R6'7
      • R6
        • R6a
          • R6a1
            • R6a1a
      • R7
        • R7a
          • R7a1
            • R7a1a
            • R7a1b
              • R7a1b1
              • R7a1b2
        • R7b
          • R7b1
            • R7b1a
    • R8
      • R8a
        • R8a1
          • R8a1a
          • R8a1b
            • R8a1b1
            • R8a1b2
      • R9
        • R9b
          • R9b1
        • F
      • R21
      • R22
    • R11'B
      • R11
        • R11a
      • B
    • R12
    • R14
    • R23
    • R30
      • R30a
      • R30b
        • R30b1
    • R31
      • R31a
        • R31a1
      • R31b
    • P
    • U

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock Supplementary material. 2009. pp. page89. http://download.cell.com/AJHG/mmcs/journals/0002-9297/PIIS0002929709001633.mmc1.pdf. 
  2. ^ a b van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation 30 (2): E386-E394. PMID 18853457 doi:10.1002/humu.20921. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121449735/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0. Retrieved on 2009-05-20. 
  3. ^ Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock. 2009. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. http://www.cell.com/AJHG/abstract/S0002-9297(09)00163-3. 

[edit] See also

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups
  most recent common mt-ancestor    
L0 L1 L2 L3   L4 L5 L6 L7
  M N  
CZ D E G Q   A S   R   I W X Y
C Z B F HV   JT P  U
H V J T K Former Clusters IWX

[edit] External links


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