Kuching

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This article is about the city in Sarawak, Malaysia. For the administrative division, see Kuching Division. For the administrative district, see Kuching District. For other subset of the Kuching district, see Padawan municipality.
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Kuching
—  City  —
City of Kuching
Kuching, the capital of Sarawak
Official Seals of the City of Kuching
Commission of the City of Kuching North Council of the City of Kuching South
DBKU-Kuching.jpg Kuching South City Hall emblem.png
Nickname(s): "Cat City"
Kuching is located in Borneo
Kuching
Location in Borneo
Kuching is located in Malaysia
Kuching
Location in Malaysia
Coordinates: 1°33′36″N 110°20′42″E / 1.56000°N 110.34500°E / 1.56000; 110.34500Coordinates: 1°33′36″N 110°20′42″E / 1.56000°N 110.34500°E / 1.56000; 110.34500
Country Malaysia
State Sarawak
Division Kuching Division
District Kuching District
First settled Circa AD 600s (7th century)[1]
Incorporation (Municipality) November 1906[2]
Incorporation (City) 1 August 1988
Government
 • Type Kuching South : Mayor–council government Kuching North : Council–manager government
 • Mayor (Kuching South) James Chan Khay Syn[3]
 • Commissioner (Kuching North) Datuk Abang Wahap Abang Julai[4]
Area[5]
 • City of Kuching 431.01 km2 (166.41 sq mi)
 • Kuching North 369.48 km2 (142.66 sq mi)
 • Kuching South 61.53 km2 (23.76 sq mi)
  Sourced from the DBKU official website
Elevation 27 m (89 ft)
Highest elevation 810.2 m (2,658.1 ft)
Lowest elevation 0 m (0 ft)
Population (2012)[7]
 • Density 1,208.2/km2 (3,129/sq mi)
 • Metro 617,887 [6]
Time zone MST (UTC+8)
 • Summer (DST) Not observed (UTC+8)
Postal code 93xxx
International dialling code prefix +6082 (landline only)
Vehicle registration plate prefix QQ, QA and QK (for all vehicles except taxis)
HQ (for taxis only)
Website Kuching North: www.dbku.sarawak.gov.my/
Kuching South: www.mbks.gov.my/

Kuching (pron.: /ˈkuːtʃɪŋ/ KOO-ching), officially the City of Kuching,[8] and formerly the City of Sarawak, is the capital and most populous city of the East Malaysian state of Sarawak. The city covers an area of 719 sq miles (1,863 km²).

Kuching is one of the two subsets of the Kuching Proper subdistrict, the other subset being part of the Padawan municipality. Kuching Proper is one of the three subdistricts in the Kuching District, which is one of the three districts in the Kuching Division.

Contents

Etymology [edit]

More than 150 years ago Sarawak was essentially Kuching. Kuching was known as Sarawak first, then the word "Proper" was added to Sarawak, thus Sarawak Proper, so as to distinguish it from the larger Sarawak which, in 1841, consisted of only the area between Tanjung Datu, and the Samarahan River.[9] On 12 August 1872 Sarawak Proper was given its present name, Kuching, under the rule of the second Rajah of Sarawak, Charles Brooke.[10]

Kuching was named after a tidal stream called Kuching River (Sungai Kuching) that ran between the present-day Tua Pek Kong Temple, and the Chinese History Museum. The stream originated from Cat's Eye Hill (Bukit Mata Kuching) where there was an abundance of a local fruit called Green Longan (Isau, Dimocarpus longan ssp malesianus), vernacularly known as Cat's Eye (Mata Kuching).[9] In 1928, the stream was filled up to make way for the construction of Temple Street (Lebuh Temple), and thus the city's expansion eastwards.[citation needed]

History [edit]

Kuching is the third capital of Sarawak, founded by the representative of the Sultan of Brunei, Pengiran Indera Mahkota in 1827. Prior to the founding of Kuching, the two past capitals of Sarawak were Santubong, founded by Sultan Pengiran Tengah in 1599, and Lidah Tanah, founded by Datu Patinggi Ali in the early 1820s. [11]

Kuching as the Capital of the Brooke Administration [edit]

Sir James Brooke, the first Rajah of Sarawak.

Sarawak was a part of the Sultanate of Brunei before it was ceded to British adventurer James Brooke, who ruled it as his personal kingdom from 24 September 1841. The official declaration was not made until 18 August 1842. Brooke took over as a reward for helping to bring about a peaceful settlement to a Bidayuh uprising against the Sultan of Brunei.

Kuching became the seat of the Brooke government and underwent remarkable changes.[citation needed] As the administrative capital, it was the focus of attention and development. Some of the first things James Brooke did was to introduce a code of laws and build his residence on a site at the northern bank of the Sarawak River.[citation needed] The present-day Astana (Palace), which is now the official residence of the Governor of Sarawak, is next to the original Brooke building.

Kuching continued to prosper under Charles Vyner Brooke, who succeeded his father as the Third Rajah of Sarawak. In 1941, Kuching became the venue of the Brooke Government Centenary Celebration. A few months later, the Brooke administration came to a close when the Japanese occupied Sarawak.

World War Two [edit]

During the Second World War, six platoons of infantry from 2/15 Punjab Regiment were stationed at Kuching. Kuching would be defended because of its airfield, and because its occupation by the enemy would give access to the important Dutch airfield at Singkawang II, sixty miles to the southwest and only some 350 miles from Singapore.[12]

Kuching was surrendered to the Japanese forces on 24 December 1941, and Sarawak was part of the Japanese Imperial Empire for three years and eight months, until the official Japanese surrender on 11 September 1945, on board HMAS Kapunda at Kuching. From March 1942, the Japanese operated a POW and civilian internee Batu Lintang camp, three miles (5 km) outside Kuching.[13]

After the end of World War II the third and last Rajah, Sir Charles Vyner Brooke ceded Sarawak to the British Crown in 1946. Kuching was revitalised as the capital of Sarawak under the British Colonial Government. When Sarawak, together with Northern Borneo, Singapore and the Federation of Malaya, formed the Federation of Malaysia in 1963, Kuching was maintained as the State Capital.[citation needed]

Geography [edit]

Kuching is at the banks of the Sarawak River on the northwestern part of the island of Borneo.

The limits of the City of Kuching include all that area in Kuching District containing an area approximately 431.01 square kilometres (166.41 sq mi) bounded from Gunung Lasak (Mount Lasak) in Muara Tebas to Batu Buaya (Crocodile Rock) in the Santubong peninsula following a series of survey marks as stated in the First Schedule of the City of Kuching Ordinance, 1988. As a simplification of the legal statute, the Kuching city limits extend from the Kuching International Airport in the south to the northern coast of the Santubong and Bako peninsulas; from the Kuching Wetlands National Park in the west to the Kuap River estuary in the east. The Sarawak River generally splits the city into North and South.

The highest point in the city is Mount Santubong on the Santubong peninsula, which is at 810.2 metres (2,658 ft) AMSL, located 35 km north of the city centre.

Climate [edit]

City of Kuching (2008)
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
 
 
466
 
30
23
 
 
445
 
29
23
 
 
465
 
30
23
 
 
251
 
32
23
 
 
347
 
33
24
 
 
310
 
32
23
 
 
184
 
31
23
 
 
326
 
32
23
 
 
208
 
32
23
 
 
307
 
32
23
 
 
482
 
32
24
 
 
516
 
30
23
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: Monthly Statistical Bulletin Sarawak

Kuching has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification Af), moderately hot but very humid at times and receives substantial rainfall. The average annual rainfall is approximately 4,200 millimetres (170 in).[14] Kuching is the wettest populated area (on average) in Malaysia with an average of 247 rainy days per year. Kuching receives only 5 hours of sunshine per day on average and an average of only 3.7 hours of sunshine per day in the month of January (wettest month of the year). The wettest times are during the North-East Monsoon months of November to February and the dry season starts from June till August. The temperature in Kuching ranges from 19 °C (66 °F) to 36 °C (97 °F) but the average temperature is around 23 °C (73 °F) in the early hours of the morning and rises to around 33 °C (91 °F) during mid afternoon but the heat index often reaches 42 °C (108 °F) during the dry season due to the humidity. This temperature stays almost constant throughout the year if it is not affected by the heavy rain and strong winds during the early hours of the morning which could but rarely bring the temperature down to 19 °C (66 °F).[citation needed]

Demographics [edit]

2010 Census reports that Kuching urban population is 660,000 (Kuching City South – 150,000; Kuching City North – 170,000; Padawan- 3rd Mile/ 7th Mile/ 10th Mile – 340,000) and is consisted of Han Chinese (330,000), Malays (260,000), Ibans (70,000) and other ethnic groups. The Dayaks, the grouping of local indigenous tribes, can be categorized into Ibans, Bidayuhs, Melanaus and Orang Ulu, among others. The Chinese are made up of Fujianese (Hokkien) in the city areas and Hakka in the suburbs mainly. Other Chinese consist of Foochow (Fuzhou), Teochew, Hainanese, Cantonese, Henghua and others. Interracial marriages among those of different ethnic backgrounds are common in Kuching.[citation needed].

The city is considered one of the cleanest cities in Malaysia and was voted as one of the world's healthiest cities, recognised and awarded by both United Nations (UN) and World Health Organisation (WHO)[17] and by the Alliance for Healthy Cities (AFHC) in Suzhou, China.[18]

The dialect of Malay spoken in Kuching is known as Bahasa Sarawak (Sarawakian Malay Language), which is a subset of the Malay language.

Government [edit]

Kuching is the only city in Malaysia to be administered by two distinct entities: a local authority (City Council) and a state government statutory body granted a City Hall status.

The city's twin administration was born out of the need of an efficient system that would allow for balanced development and population distribution for the two territories. It will also ensure that the local authority of the city proper will not be hampered by the former jurisdiction of Kuching Rural District Council (KRDC).

The city is divided into Kuching North and Kuching South. Each of these is administered by a mayor (Malay: Datuk Bandar), legally called mayor for Kuching South and commissioner for Kuching North. The city delimitation also resulted in the city centre being split into East and West.

Education [edit]

Higher and tertiary education [edit]

The city's higher education system follows the guidance of the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE). Under the purview of MOHE are two main departments: the Institutes of Higher Education Management Department and the Polytechnic and Community College Management Department.

There are currently no public university campuses in Kuching, apart from the UNIMAS Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences building situated next to the Sarawak General Hospital. The Sarawak state government moved the last remaining public university campus (Universiti Teknologi MARA) from Kuching to Kota Samarahan in 1997 in a long-term initiative to transform Kota Samarahan into an education hub.[19] However, there is a polytechnic — Politeknik Kuching Sarawak — and a community college — Kolej Komuniti Kuching — for school leavers seeking further education in public institutions in Kuching.

Kuching is home to two full-fledged private university campuses: the Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, the only branch campus of Swinburne University of Technology outside Australia; and UCSI University, Sarawak Campus which houses the Faculty of Hospitality & Management. Swinburne University Sarawak Campus is currently run by Professor Helmut Lueckenhausen, the CEO and PVC (Pro Vice Chancellor) since 2007.

The city has other private colleges, mainly subsidiaries from universities and university colleges established in West Malaysia, such as SEGi College, Sarawak, Sunway College Kuching, PTPL Sarawak, INTI College Sarawak (to be closed down end of 2013), Limkokwing Borneo, FTMS and Twintech College Sarawak.

There are private institutions conducting franchised programmes from full-fledged universities (apart from running their own courses) such as SATT College (conducting franchised programmes from UiTM) and the Institute of Dynamic Management, Sarawak (conducting franchised programmes from UNIRAZAK).

The International College of Advanced Technology Sarawak or ICATS is an institution created as the state government's initiative to enhance technical and vocational training education among school leavers. Operated by a state-owned subsidiary, ICATS focuses on producing human capital for the hi-tech sector, especially for the development of the Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy.

Primary and secondary education [edit]

In Kuching, all schools under the National Education System (government education institution category), are managed by the Kuching Combined Education Office (Pejabat Pelajaran Gabungan Kuching).

There are more than 80 schools with an enrollment of more than 30,000 students in the City of Kuching.[20] Schools are divided into four levels of education — pre-school, primary, secondary (lower and upper) and post-secondary (excluding tertiary). As of January 2010, SMK Green Road had the highest enrollment of all secondary schools in Kuching with 2,075[21] while SJK Chung Hua No. 3 has the highest enrollment (1,553) among all primary schools.[22]

Libraries [edit]

Picture of the Sarawak State Library.
The Sarawak State Library (Pustaka Negeri Sarawak).

The Sarawak State Library is the major information resource centre and provides information services for the public and private sectors.[23] The library serves Kuching and its outskirts as the main depository of public records. In addition, it administers, monitors and facilitates the operations of 36 village libraries in the state funded by the National Library of Malaysia.[24]

Other public libraries in Kuching include the DBKU City Library and village libraries such as in Bandar Baru Samariang, Kampung Samariang Lama and Taman Sepakat Jaya.

Transportation [edit]

Land [edit]

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As Kuching is located near the equator, potholes have the tendency to develop on the roads during the monsoon season (usually around the end of the year, coinciding with winter in the northern hemisphere). Roads leading outside of Kuching to the interior are of a slightly lower quality but are being upgraded from time to time. The main resort roads (e.g. leading to Damai) and Borneo Highlands are good.

Kuching post office
Kuching CBD skyline from the southern suburbs. The spread of low density suburb sprawls led to the ever increasing dependence on private vehicles.
Kuching International Airport at night

Bus travel is available by either antiquated, smoky, non-air-conditioned buses or newer air-conditioned buses or the 'van sapu' (mini-van converted into mini-buses) which are cheaper.

Kuching is served by several major bus companies. Among others, Chin Liang Long Motor Vehicle Co. (traditionally blue) serving Kuching South, Matang Transport Company (yellow and orange) serving Matang-Kubah and Petra Jaya Transport Company (Black, yellow and red strips) serving Kuching North. The Sarawak Transport Company (traditionally green) and Bau Transport Company (Red) have routes from Kuching to other smaller towns. A large portion of the buses in service are antiquated and not air conditioned. The fares are low. For tourists, the State Ministry of Tourism has provided bus shuttles to transport tourists around Kuching.

Kuching is famous for many large traffic circles or roundabouts. The roundabouts are efficient at handling medium scale traffic. However, as traffic continues to rise in Kuching several roundabouts have given way to traffic lights and over and underpasses. These traffic circles are usually well landscaped.

The list of highways in Kuching city include:

Future development Propose of Railway which connect Kuching City to Miri city .

Water [edit]

Kuching, like most towns in Sarawak, has connections to other urban centres and settlements by water transportation. Between the banks of Sarawak River, near the city centre, many 'tambang' (small boats) can be seen ferrying passengers from one riverbank to the other. For those staying along the river banks, it is a faster means of getting to the city-proper. The wharf for express boats servicing transport to further areas such as Sibu and Bintulu, is located in the east of the city, near the Sim Kheng Hong Port, also known as the Tanah Puteh Port, in Pending.

Air [edit]

Kuching International Airport is the main gateway for air passengers. The airport's history dates back to the 1940s. The new terminal complex was opened in April 2006.

Tourism [edit]

Museums [edit]

The old Sarawak Museum was built by Rajah Charles Brooke in 1891 and modelled on a town hall in Normandy

Kuching maintains several museums showcasing its culture and history. The Sarawak Museum, the oldest of its kind in Borneo, exhibits collections on the natural history of Sarawak. Directly opposite the Sarawak Museum is the Dewan Tun Abdul Razak which serves as an exhibition venue and the office of the Sarawak Museum Department. Located right behind Dewan Tun Abdul Razak is the Sarawak Islamic Museum.

Other museums in Kuching include the Chinese History Museum, the Kuching Cat Museum, the Sarawak Timber Museum and the Sarawak Textile Museum. Kuching is also home to the first ever planetarium in Malaysia[citation needed], the Sultan Iskandar Planetarium adjacent to the Kuching Civic Centre.

Historical sites [edit]

Downtown Kuching as seen from Fort Margherita

Interesting historical landmarks and sites of Kuching include The Astana (the former palace of the White Rajahs and currently the official residence of the Governor of Sarawak), Fort Margherita, and the Tua Pek Kong temple.

The oldest street of Kuching is the Main Bazaar, a row of 19th century Chinese shophouses located along the Kuching Waterfront overlooking the Sarawak River. It offers the city's best concentration of antique and handicraft shops .[25] The Main Bazaar is part of Kuching's old town, which also includes the Carpenter Street and India Street. The old Courthouse building, which sits in between Carpenter Street and India Street, has undergone restoration and now houses the Sarawak Tourism Board.[citation needed] Some other interesting areas around the CBD include Padungan Street, which is the Chinatown of Kuching.

Other places of interest [edit]

The Kuching Waterfront is an approximately 1 kilometer long riverside esplanade stretching from the main hotel and commercial heartland of the city to downtown Kuching. The landscaped waterfront is dotted with food stalls, restaurants and benches and offers excellent views of The Astana, Fort Margherita and the New Sarawak State Legislative Assembly Building. The waterfront also features an observation tower, an open-air theater and musical fountains. The Sunday Market at Satok operates during weekends offers a large diversity of items for trade. The Kuching Civic Center offers a panoramic view of the city from a viewing platform during the day.

Attractions near Kuching [edit]

Numerous natural attractions including National Parks, notably the Bako National Park and the Kuching Wetlands National Park as well as the Semenggoh Wildlife Center which operates an orang utan orphanage and rehabilitation program are popular attractions near Kuching. Also, available near Kuching are the Gunung Gading National Park and the Kubah National Park.

Located about 40-minutes drive from Kuching is Santubong, a prominent beach resort area home to numerous world-class beach resorts, the Damai beach and the Sarawak Cultural Village. The Sarawak Cultural Village is a primary attraction in the area, which is essentially a living museum that allows visitors a first-hand experience to Sarawak's ethnic diversity. Other beaches accessible nearby Kuching are the Lundu Beach and the Sematan Beach. The Borneo Highlands is also nearby Kuching and offers a fresh and chilly highlands resort experience located 1000-meters above sea level.

Events [edit]

Model of the Borneo Convention Centre Kuching (BCCK)

Since 1997, Kuching has been host to the Rainforest World Music Festival, an annual music festival which brings performers and spectators to the region from all over the world. Hosted by the Sarawak Cultural Village, the festival is now one of the largest musical events in Malaysia. Since 2009 several large events have been established in Kuching including The Malaysia Global Business Forum and Tomorrow’s Leaders Summit.

The Borneo Convention Centre Kuching or BCCK is the first dedicated convention and exhibition centre in Borneo. It was opened in October 2009 and aims to attract conventions, conferences, events and exhibitions to Kuching.
Menara Pelita and Sarawak Energy HQ in Petra Jaya 
Kuching CBD skyline with Gunung Santubong in the background 
Kuching South City Council Cat Statue 
Old court house built by the Brookes 

Shopping [edit]

  • The Spring[26] – Situated along Jalan Simpang Tiga, the lifestyle shopping mall was opened on 10 January 2008, The mall is spread over 4 stories including a carpark basement. The anchor tenants are Parkson Department Store, Ta Kiong Supermarket, MBO Cinemas, Padini Concept Store, MPH Bookstore and Toys "R" Us.[27]
  • Boulevard Shopping Mall[28] – Phase I of the mall was opened on 22 December 2007. It is a new regional mall located along Jalan Datuk Tawi Sli in the 4th Mile area. The major tenant is the Boulevard Department Store & Hypermarket, , which will be the largest one-stop lifestyle mall in the state.[citation needed] Phase II was opened on 1 June 2012, with more than 150 retail shops.
  • Plaza Merdeka[29] – Largest mall around the city centre area. The mall opened to public on 29 November 2012. The anchor tenants are Parkson Flagship Store, Everrise, Kidz Clubhouse and Level Up Fitness.
  • Green Heights Mall[30] – Kuching's first suburban neighbourhood small mall, occupied by international franchise, Cold Storage, opened on 13 June 2008.[31]
  • OneTJ – Sarawak's first ICT based shopping mall was developed in the Heights Drive Commercial Centre, , opened on 22 November 2008.
  • E-mart – A one-stop shopping destination, located at Matang Jaya. The anchor tenant is E-mart Department Store and Supermarket.
  • Hills Shopping Mall[32] – A 2 storey up-market shopping centre (next to Pullman Hotel), located in Kuching City Centre, opened on 29 December 2009.
  • Kuching Sentral – A new bus terminal mix with 3 storey shopping complex. Located 5 minutes from Kuching international airport.
  • Giant Kota Padawan Mall – The complex costs RM25 million and was opened on 25 October 2011. It is the third Giant Mall in Sarawak.[34]
  • Tun Jugah Mall[35] – The 3-storey shopping complex is located within the Golden Triangle of Kuching. The mall’s anchor tenant is Popular Bookstore which renovated its outlet last year and reopened as the biggest Popular bookstore in Borneo.
  • OneJaya[36] – Strategically located at the heart of Jalan Song, the shopping complex has 230 strata-title retail units across 4 floors. The shopping complex opened on 28 November 2010.
  • Wisma Saberkas[37] – a 22-storey shopping cum office complex with 7 storeys of shops and 15 storeys of offices. Since opening its doors in 1985, Wisma Saberkas has established its name as being one of Sarawak’s foremost ICT malls.
  • Riverside Shopping Complex[38] – Located at Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, annexed to its sister property, Riverside Majestic Hotel in Kuching’s central business district. The anchor tenants are Parkson Grand, Riverside Superbowl (24-lane bowling alley) and Lotus Five Star cineplex.
  • Sarawak Plaza[39] – The shopping complex is located at Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, adjacent to its sister property Grand Margherita Hotel.
  • Hock Lee Centre[40] – The shopping podium has retail space across 4 floors. The interior of the building itself is made from a composition of large high quality panel of imported deep red African granite, with thick laminated glass curtain walls to sustain the cool temperature.[41]
  • Tabuan Plaza – Located at Jalan Bayor Bukit, the plaza's anchor tenants are H&L Supercentre and Grand Supermart.

Sister cities [edit]

China Kunming, People's Republic of China (since 2012)[42]
China Xiamen, People's Republic of China (since 2006)
China Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China[43]
Indonesia Pontianak, Indonesia
Indonesia Surabaya, Indonesia
Malaysia Johor Bahru, Malaysia (since 2008)
Saudi Arabia Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

References [edit]

  1. ^ "Sejarah Bahagian Samarahan". Retrieved 26 April 2010. 
  2. ^ Sarawak Government Almanac, PNMB Kuching, 2010, "Kuching Municipal Office established." 
  3. ^ "Chan appointed mayor of Kuching". Star Publications. 29 May 2008. Retrieved 28 June 2008. 
  4. ^ "Ex-cop sworn in as Sixth North Kuching Datuk Bandar". Borneo Post. 2 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011. 
  5. ^ "City Boundary". Retrieved 26 April 2010. 
  6. ^ Kuching City Population
  7. ^ "World Gazetter: Malaysia – largest cities (per geographical entity)". Retrieved 12 April 2012. 
  8. ^ City of Kuching Ordinance [Cap. 48], 1988, para 3.-(1) 
  9. ^ a b A brief history of Kuching. Occasional Paper No. 6. The Sarawak Museum. 1993. 
  10. ^ Sarawak Government Almanac, PNMB Kuching, 2010, "Kuching so named officially instead of Sarawak." 
  11. ^ Pat Foh Chang (1999). Legends and History of Sarawak. Chang Pat Foh. ISBN 978-983-9475-06-7. Retrieved 13 July 2012. 
  12. ^ L, Klemen (1999-2000). "The Invasion of British Borneo in 1942". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. 
  13. ^ Ooi, Keat Gin (1998) Japanese Empire in the Tropics: Selected Documents and Reports of the Japanese Period in Sarawak, Northwest Borneo, 1941–1945 Ohio University Center for International Studies, Monographs in International Studies, SE Asia Series 101 (2 vols) ISBN 0-89680-199-3, pages 6–11
  14. ^ "Kuching, Malaysia Weather History and Climate Data". WorldClimate. Retrieved 28 June 2008. 
  15. ^ "Meteorological Observations at Meteorological Station, Kuching International Airport". Monthly Statistical Bulletin (Kuching: Department of Statistics Malaysia, Sarawak) (January 2009): 3. August 2011. ISSN 1823-1640. 
  16. ^ "Meteorological Observations at Meteorological Station, Kuching International Airport". Monthly Statistical Bulletin (Kuching: Department of Statistics Malaysia, Sarawak) (January 2008): 3. August 2011. ISSN 1823-1640. 
  17. ^ WHO Healthiest City Award
  18. ^ AFHC Healthiest City Award
  19. ^ Rudy Rukimin Rambli (5 February 2008). "Samarahan Semakin Pesat Berkembang" [Rapid Expansion of Samarahan]. Berita Wilayah (in Bahasa Malaysia). BERNAMA. Retrieved 26 April 2010. 
  20. ^ "Sarawak Education Department: Basic Statistics of Schools in Kuching.". 31 October 2008. Retrieved 5 May 2010. [dead link]
  21. ^ Maklumat Asas Pendidikan Sekolah Menengah di Sarawak seperti 31 Januari 2010 (in Malay), Sarawak Education Department, 31 January 2010 
  22. ^ Maklumat Asas Pendidikan Sekolah Rendah di Sarawak seperti 31 Januari 2010 (in Malay), Sarawak Education Department, 31 January 2010 
  23. ^ "Sarawak State Library: Our Background". Retrieved 4 May 2010. 
  24. ^ "Sarawak State Library: Public Library Services". Retrieved 4 May 2010. 
  25. ^ Cuti Malaysia – Sarawak
  26. ^ The Spring
  27. ^ The Spring
  28. ^ Boulevard Shopping Mall
  29. ^ Plaza Merdeka
  30. ^ Green Heights Mall
  31. ^ Green Heights Mall
  32. ^ Hills Shopping Mall
  33. ^ "Dairy Farm to open eight Giant hypermarkets". Borneo Post. 10 March 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2012. 
  34. ^ "Giant opens third hypermarket in Sarawak". Borneo Post. 26 October 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2012. 
  35. ^ Tun Jugah Mall
  36. ^ OneJaya
  37. ^ Wisma Saberkas
  38. ^ Riverside Shopping Complex
  39. ^ Sarawak Plaza
  40. ^ Hock Lee Centre
  41. ^ Hock Lee Centre Shopping Podium
  42. ^ [1]. en.kunming.cn. Retrieved on 2012-08-09.
  43. ^ [2]. New Straits Times. Retrieved on 2012-08-09.

External links [edit]

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