List of allergens

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This is a list of allergies, which includes the allergen, potential reactions, and a brief description of the cause where applicable.

Allergens

Food

Main article: Food allergy
Name Potential reaction(s) Remarks
Balsam of Peru Redness, swelling, itching, allergic contact dermatitis reactions, stomatitis (inflammation and soreness of the mouth or tongue), cheilitis (inflammation, rash, or painful erosion of the lips, oropharyngeal mucosa, or angles of their mouth), pruritus, hand eczema, generalized or resistant plantar dermatitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and blisters. Present in many foods, such as coffee, flavored tea, wine, beer, gin, liqueurs, apéritifs (e.g. vermouth, bitters), soft drinks including cola, juice, citrus, citrus fruit peel, marmalade, tomatoes and tomato-containing products, Mexican and Italian foods with red sauces, ketchup, spices (e.g. cloves, Jamaica pepper (allspice), cinnamon, nutmeg, paprika, curry, anise, and ginger), chili sauce, barbecue sauce, chutney, pickles, pickled vegetables, chocolate, vanilla, baked goods and pastries, pudding, ice cream, chewing gum, and candy.
Egg Anaphylaxis, sometimes flatulence and vomiting
Fish or shellfish[1] Anaphylaxis, sometimes vomiting Hazard extends to exposure to cooking vapors, or handling.
Fruit Mild itching, rash, blisters at point of oral contact Mango, strawberries are common problems
Gluten Anaphylaxis, sometimes vomiting
Garlic Dermatitis, asymmetrical pattern of fissure, thickening/shedding of the outer skin layers,[2] anaphylaxis
Hot peppers Skin rash, hives, throat tightness, tongue swelling, possible vomiting
Oats Dermatitis, respiratory problems, anaphylaxis
Meat[3] Dermatitis, rarely anaphylaxis Allergies to the sugar carbohydrate found in beef, lamb, and pork called alpha-gal. It is brought on by tick bites.[4][5]
Milk[1] Skin rash, hives, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomach pain, flatulence, nasal congestion, dermatitis, blisters, anaphylaxis Not to be confused with lactose intolerance.[6]
Peanut[7] Anaphylaxis and swelling, sometimes vomiting Includes some cold-pressed peanut oils. Distinct from tree nut allergy, as peanuts are legumes.
Rice Sneezing, runny nose, itching, stomachache, eczema. People with a rice allergy can be affected by eating rice or breathing in rice steam.
Sesame Possible respiratory, skin, and gastrointestinal reactions which can trigger serious systemic anaphylactic responses.[8][9] By law, foods containing sesame must be labeled so in European Union, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.[10]
Soy Anaphylaxis, sometimes vomiting
Sulfites Hives, rash, redness of skin, headache (particular frontal), burning behind eyes, breathing difficulties (anaphylaxis)
Tartrazine Skin irritation, hives, rash Synthetic yellow food coloring, also used for bright green coloring
Tree nut[11] Anaphylaxis, swelling, rash, hives, sometimes vomiting Hazard extends to exposure to cooking vapors, or handling. Distinct from peanut allergy, as peanuts are legumes.
Wheat[12] Eczema (atopic dermatitis), Hives, asthma, hay fever, angioedema, abdominal cramps, Celiac disease, diarrhea, temporary (3 or 4 day) mental incompetence, anemia, nausea, and vomiting[13] Not to be confused with Celiac Disease or NCGS (Non Celiac Gluten Sensitivity). While wheat allergies are "true" allergies, Celiac Disease is an autoimmune disease.[14]

Drug

Main article: Drug allergy
Name Possible reaction(s) Remarks
Balsam of Peru Redness, swelling, itching, allergic contact dermatitis reactions, stomatitis (inflammation and soreness of the mouth or tongue), cheilitis (inflammation, rash, or painful erosion of the lips, oropharyngeal mucosa, or angles of their mouth), pruritus, hand eczema, generalized or resistant plantar dermatitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and blisters. Present in many drugs, such as hemorrhoid suppositories and ointment (e.g. Anusol), cough medicine/suppressant and lozenges, diaper rash ointments, oral and lip ointments, tincture of benzoin, wound spray (it has been reported to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as the common ulcer-causing bacteria H. pylori in test-tube studies), calamine lotion, surgical dressings, dental cement, eugenol used by dentists, some periodontal impression materials, and in the treatment of dry socket in dentistry.
Tetracycline Many, including: severe headache, dizziness, blurred vision, fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms, severe blistering, peeling, dark colored urine[15][16][17]
Dilantin Many, including: swollen glands, easy bruising or bleeding, fever, sore throat[18][19][20]
Tegretol (carbamazepine) Shortness of breath, wheezing or difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips, tongue etc., hives[21][22][23]
Penicillin Diarrhea, hypersensitivity, nausea, rash, neurotoxicity, urticaria
Cephalosporins Maculopapular or morbilliform skin eruption, and less commonly urticaria, eosinophilia, serum-sickness–like reactions, and anaphylaxis.[24]
Sulfonamides Urinary tract disorders, haemopoietic disorders, porphyria and hypersensitivity reactions, Stevens–Johnson syndrome toxic epidermal necrolysis
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (cromolyn sodium, nedocromil sodium, etc.) Many, including: swollen eyes, lips, or tongue, difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate[25]
Intravenous contrast dye Anaphylactoid reactions and contrast-induced nephropathy
Local anesthetics Urticaria and rash, dyspnea, wheezing, flushing, cyanosis, tachycardia[26]

Environmental

Main article: Allergy § Other environmental factors
Name Possible reaction(s) Remarks
Balsam of Peru Redness, swelling, itching, allergic contact dermatitis reactions, stomatitis (inflammation and soreness of the mouth or tongue), cheilitis (inflammation, rash, or painful erosion of the lips, oropharyngeal mucosa, or angles of their mouth), pruritus, hand eczema, generalized or resistant plantar dermatitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and blisters. A number of national and international surveys have identified Balsam of Peru as being in the "top five" allergens most commonly causing patch test reactions in people referred to dermatology clinics.[27][28]
Pollen Sneezing, body ache, headache (in rare cases, extremely painful cluster headaches may occur due to allergic sinusitis; these may leave a temporary time period of 1 and a half to 2 days with eye sensitivity), allergic conjunctivitis (includes watery, red, swelled, itchy, and irritating eyes), runny nose, irritation of the nose, nasal congestion, minor fatigue, chest pain and discomfort, coughing, sore throat, facial discomfort (feeling of stuffed face) due to allergic sinusitis, possible asthma attack, wheezing
Cat Sneezing, itchy swollen eyes, rash, congestion, wheezing
Dog Rash, sneezing, congestion, wheezing, vomiting from coughing, Sometimes itchy welts. Caused by dander, saliva or urine of dogs, or by dust, pollen or other allergens that have been carried on the fur.[29] Allergy to dogs is present in as much as 10 percent of the population.[29]
Insect sting Hives, wheezing, possible anaphylaxis
Mold Sneeze, coughing, itchy, discharge from the nose, respiratory irritation, congested feeling,[30] joint aches, headaches, fatigue[31]
Perfume Itchy eyes, runny nose, sore throat, headaches, muscle/joint pain, asthma attack, wheezing, chest pain, blisters
Cosmetics Contact dermatitis,[32] irritant contact dermatitis, inflammation, redness,[33] conjunctivitis[34]
Semen Burning, pain and swelling, possibly for days, swelling or blisters, vaginal redness,[35] fever, runny nose, extreme fatigue[36][37][38][39][40] In a case study in Switzerland, a woman who was allergic to Balsam of Peru was allergic to her boyfriend's semen following intercourse, after he drank large amounts of Coca-Cola.[41]
Latex Contact dermatitis, hypersensitivity
Water (see note) Epidermal itching Strictly aquagenic pruritus, but cold urticaria may also be described as a "water allergy," in which water may cause hives and anaphylaxis
House dust mite[42] Asthma Home allergen reduction may be recommended
Nickel (nickel sulfate hexahydrate) Allergic contact dermatitis, dyshidrotic eczema[43][44]
Gold (gold sodium thiosulfate) Allergic contact dermatitis
Chromium Allergic contact dermatitis
Cobalt chloride Allergic contact dermatitis
Formaldehyde Allergic contact dermatitis
Photographic developers Allergic contact dermatitis
Fungicide Allergic contact dermatitis, fever, anaphylaxis

Contact

Many substances can cause an allergic reaction when in contact with the human integumentary system.

Contact allergens
Allergen Source Cross reacts with Clinical presentation
Dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) Found within cocamidopropyl betaine in liquid soaps and shampoos Eyelid dermatitis
Latex[nb 1] Avocado
Banana
Chestnut
Kiwi
Passion fruit
Peach
Mango
Pineapple
Fig
Cantaloupe
Apple
Papaya
Ethylene-ripened fruits
Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) Black hair dye
Color developer
Scuba gear
Henna[nb 2]		 Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
Azo dyes
Sulfonamides
Sulfonylureas
Thiazides
Ester anesthetics
Glyceryl monothioglycolate Permanent hair waving solutions
Toluenesulfonamide formaldehyde (Toluidine) Nail polish Eyelid dermatitis
  1. ^ Risk factors for reaction to latex include spina bifida, family history of allergy to latex, or a personal history of allergies, asthma, or eczema
  2. ^ Paraphenylenediamine may be added to henna but is not found in pure henna.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b National Institutes of Health, NIAID Allergy Statistics 2005 http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/allergystat.htm
  2. ^ Thomas D. Horn (2003). Dermatology, Volume 2. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 305. ISBN 0-323-02578-1.
  3. ^ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_131179.html
  4. ^ "Rare Meat Allergy Caused By Tick Bites May Be On The Rise". NPR.org. 27 November 2012.
  5. ^ http://www.acaai.org/annual_meeting/Documents/ACAAIProgramGuide2012c.pdf
  6. ^ "Lactose Intolerance or Milk Allergy: What's the Difference?". EverydayHealth.com. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
  7. ^ National Institutes of Health, NIAID Allergy Statistics 2005 Archived 2010-04-06 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ https://farrp.unl.edu/informallseeds
  9. ^ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3131114/
  10. ^ https://farrp.unl.edu/informallseeds
  11. ^ National Institutes of Health, NIAID Allergy Statistics "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2011-12-18. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. ^ Akagawa M, Handoyo T, Ishii T, Kumazawa S, Morita N, Suyama K (2007). "Proteomic analysis of wheat flour allergens". J. Agric. Food Chem. 55 (17): 6863–70. doi:10.1021/jf070843a. PMID 17655322.
  13. ^ "Allergy Society of South Africa – Wheat Allergy". Archived from the original on 2008-04-24. Retrieved 2008-10-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ "Everything You Should Know About Wheat Allergy Diagnosis and Treatment". Verywell. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
  15. ^ Tetracycline – Drugs.com
  16. ^ Allergies From Antibiotics |LIVESTRONG.COM
  17. ^ Allergies From Antibiotics |LIVESTRONG.COM
  18. ^ Dilantin Information from Drugs.com
  19. ^ What are the most serious side effects of Dilantin?: Basic |Epilepsy.com
  20. ^ Anticonvulsant Drug Therapy: Dilantin: Neurology: UI Health Topics
  21. ^ Trileptal CMI approved 03.12.01
  22. ^ Tegretol (carbamazepine)
  23. ^ Carbamazepine
  24. ^ MMS: Error
  25. ^ Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medicines (NSAIDs)
  26. ^ September 1998 CDA Journal – Toxicity and Allergy to Local Anesthesia
  27. ^ Gottfried Schmalz; Dorthe Arenholt Bindslev (2008). Biocompatibility of Dental Materials. Springer. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
  28. ^ Edward T. Bope; Rick D. Kellerman (2013). Conn's Current Therapy 2014: Expert Consult. Elsevier Health Sciences. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
  29. ^ a b Dog Allergy at American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. References up to 2011
  30. ^ Mold allergies, Mold allergy symptoms, What is mold allergy
  31. ^ Mold allergies, allergic response, and allergy symptoms
  32. ^ Two Types of Cosmetic Allergy
  33. ^ The Downside To Cosmetics – Cosmetic Allergy
  34. ^ Conjunctivitis – allergic and infectious – information, symptoms and treatment |Bupa UK
  35. ^ Getting Pregnant and Fertility Problems: Sperm Allergy
  36. ^ 'Flu-like symptoms actually semen allergy' – Times LIVE
  37. ^ Semen Allergy Can Cause Flu-like Symptoms in Men |TopNews United States
  38. ^ Semen Allergy Can Be Treated, Study Shows |Daily Health Report
  39. ^ Semen Allergy
  40. ^ UPDATE 1-Semen allergy suspected in rare post-orgasm illness – AlertNet
  41. ^ Harlan Walker (1990). Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1989: Staplefoods: Proceedings. Oxford Symposium. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
  42. ^ Xavier Basagaña, Jordi Sunyer, Manolis Kogevinas, Jan-Paul Zock, Enric Duran-Tauleria, Deborah Jarvis, Peter Burney, Josep Maria Anto, and on behalf of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (2004). "Socioeconomic Status and Asthma Prevalence in Young Adults. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey". American Journal of Epidemiology. 160 (2): 178–188. doi:10.1093/aje/kwh186. PMID 15234940.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  43. ^ Vien, Niels K.; Kaaber, Knud (1979). "Nickel cobalt and chromium sensitivity in patients with pompholyx (dyshidrotic eczema)". Contact Dermatitis. 5 (6): 371–4. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1979.tb04907.x. PMID 160856.
  44. ^ Kaaber, K.; Veien, N. K.; Tjell, J. C. (1978). "Low nickel diet in the treatment of patients with chronic nickel dermatitis". British Journal of Dermatology. 98 (2): 197–201. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb01622.x. PMID 629873.
  • Bolognia, Jean L.; et al. (2007). Dermatology. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
  • James, William D.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.

Further reading

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