Brutalism is an architectural style that spawned from the modernist architectural movement and which flourished from the 1950s to the 1970s. The following list provides numerous examples of this architectural style worldwide.
List of notable brutalist structures [edit]
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- The list is organised in chronological order with name of structure, location, architect(s), and year(s) constructed.
- Unité d'Habitation de Marseille (Cité Radieuse), Marseille, France (Le Corbusier, 1952)
- Smithdon High School (formerly Hunstanton Secondary Modern School), Norfolk, England (Peter and Alison Smithson, 1954)
- Tel Aviv-Yafo City Hall, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel (Menahem Cohen, 1956–1964)
- Banco de Londres building, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Clorindo Testa, 1959)
- Torre Velasca, Milan, Italy, (BBPR group 1954)
- Crescent House Golden Lane Estate final phase, London, Chamberlin, Powell and Bon, 1959
- Sainte Marie de La Tourette, Lyon, France (Le Corbusier, 1960)
- Park Hill, Sheffield, England (Ivor Smith/Jack Lynn, 1961)
- The University of East Anglia, Norwich, England. (Sir Denys Lasdun, 1962)
- Council House, Perth, Western Australia (Howlett and Bailey Architects, 1962)
- Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Le Corbusier, 1962)
- Yale Art and Architecture Building, New Haven, Connecticut (Paul Rudolph, 1963)
- Litchfield Towers, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (1963)
- Thomas Rees Memorial Carillon, Washington Park, Springfield, Illinois Bill Turley, 1962)
- Gala Fairydean Football Stadium, Galashiels, Scottish Borders, Scotland, (Peter Womersley 1963)
- Birmingham New Street Signal Box, Birmingham, England (Bicknell & Hamilton 1964)
- Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (Hentrich, Petschnigg & Partner, 1964)
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Humanities Wing, Toronto, Canada (John Andrews, 1964)
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Science Wing, Toronto, Canada (John Andrews, 1964)
- Tricorn Centre, Portsmouth, England (Owen Luder, 1964) (demolished 2004)
- Ulster Museum, Botanic Gardens, Belfast 1964
- Macquarie University, Australia 1964
- Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh - Knoxville Branch, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Paul Schweikher, 1965)
- Dunelm House, home of the Durham Students' Union (Ove Arup, 1965)
- University of Guelph - South Residence, Guelph, Ontario (John Andrews, 1965)
- Simon Fraser University - Burnaby Campus, Burnaby, British Columbia (Arthur Erickson, 1965)
- School of Information Sciences Building - University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Tasso Katselas, 1965)
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, Massachusetts (Paul Rudolph)
- St. Peter's Seminary, Cardross, Scotland (Gillespie, Kidd & Coia 1966)
- Marcus Center for the Performing Arts, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Harry Weese, 1966–69
- The Ohio Historical Center, Columbus, Ohio, (W.Byron Ireland & Associates, 1966)
- Glasgow-Abbotsinch Airport, Paisley, Scotland (Basil Spence, 1966)
- Buckinghamshire County Hall, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England (Frederick B. Pooley, 1966)
- Northwestern University Library, Evanston, Illinois, (Walter Netsch, 1966–70)
- Many buildings at the Fermilab facility are of brutalist construction. Robert Rathbun Wilson Hall being the most prominent example. (1967)
- Habitat 67, 1967 World's Fair, Montreal, Quebec (Moshe Safdie, 1967)
- Place Bonaventure, Montreal, Quebec (Ray Affleck, 1967)
- Beatty Hall, Wentworth Institute of Technology Boston, Massachusetts, United States 1967, Colletti Brothers
- Morris A. Mechanic Theatre, Baltimore, Maryland, (John M. Johansen, 1967)
- Orange County Government Center, Goshen, New York (Paul Rudolph, 1967)
- Preston Bus Station, Preston, England (Keith Ingham/Charles Wilson/1968-69)
- Queen Elizabeth Hall and Purcell Room, London, England (Hubert Bennett/Jack Whittle 1967)
- Tower House, Tokyo, Japan, (Takamitsu Azuma, 1967)
- The Trinity Centre Multi-Storey Car Park, aka The Get Carter Carpark, Gateshead, England (Owen Luder, 1964–69) (demolished 2010)
- Rochdale College, Toronto, Ontario, (Elmar Tampõld & John Wells, 1968)
- Mathematics Tower, Manchester, England, (Scherrer and Hicks, 1968)
- Hayward Gallery, London, England (Hubert Bennett/Jack Whittle, 1968)
- Andrew Melville Hall, St Andrews, Scotland (James Stirling, 1968)
- Finsbury Estate, London (1968)
- Alley Theatre, Houston, Texas (1968)
- Lovett College, Rice University, Houston, Texas (1968)
- Mathematics and Computer Building, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario (1968)
- David Lawrence Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (1968)
- Flaine, France. (Designed by Marcel Breuer, the entire assembly of hotels, shops, apartment blocks and administrative buildings of Flaine-Forum comprise a themed but varied entity), completed 1969
- The Barbican Estate, London, England Chamberlin, Powell and Bon(1968–79)
- Macquarie University Library, Sydney, Australia (1967–1978)
- Boston City Hall, Boston, Massachusetts (Kallmann, McKinnell & Knowles/Campbell, Aldrich & Nulty, 1969)
- Robert Hutchings Goddard Library, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts (John M. Johansen, 1969)
- Geisel Library, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California (William Pereira, late 1960s)
- George L. Mosse Humanities Building and Vilas Hall, University of Wisconsin–Madison (late 1960s)
- Tanghalang Pambansa (National Theater), Cultural Center of the Philippines, Pasay City, Philippines (Leandro V. Locsin, 1969)
- Pet Milk Building, Downtown St. Louis (A.L. Aydelott, 1969) http://www.builtstlouis.net/mod/mod18.html
- Christchurch College, Christchurch, New Zealand (Sir Miles Warren, 1964)
- York University Scott Library, Toronto, Ontario (1968)
- Titan House, Hartlepool, England (1960s)
- Tyne Bridge Tower, Gateshead, England (1960s) (demolished 2011)
- Engineering Center, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO (1965)
- Stoke Newington School, Hackney, England (Stillman & Eastwick-Field Partnership, 1967)
- Oakland Museum of California, Oakland, California (Kevin Roche, 1969)
- Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, University of California, Berkeley, (Mario Ciampi, 1970)
- George H. Love Gymnasium, Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, New Hampshire, (Kallman and McKinnell, 1970-1971)
- Washington, D.C. Metro stations (WMATA), Washington, District of Columbia (1970–2001)
- Gelman Library, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.
- Classical High School, Providence, Rhode Island (1970)
- Education Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (1970)
- Carman Hall, Lehman College, Bronx, New York (1970)
- Lauinger Library, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. (John Carl Warnecke, 1970)
- Leeds International Pool, Leeds, England (John Poulson, 1970)
- Pimlico School, London, England (John Bancroft, 1967–70)
- Hyde Park Barracks, London, England (Sir Basil Spence, 1970)
- Regenstein Library, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (Walter Netsch, 1970)
- National Carillon, Canberra, Australia (Cameron, Chisholm & Nicol, 1970)
- York University Ross Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (1970)
- Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (1970)
- Vaillancourt Fountain, Justin Herman Plaza, San Francisco, California (Armand Vaillancourt, 1971)
- Environment Canada, MSC Headquarters, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (1971)
- Briggs Hall, UC Davis, Davis, California (unknown, 1971)
- Government Service Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Paul Rudolph, 1962–71)
- Blue Cross/Blue Shield Service Center, Detroit, Michigan (Ginno Rossetti, 1971)
- Singapore Power Building, Singapore (Group 2 Architects, 1971)
- Sciences Library (Brown University), Providence, Rhode Island (1971)
- Mather House (Harvard University), Cambridge, Massachusetts (Shepley, Bulfinch, Richardson and Abbot, 1971)
- Trellick Tower and Balfron Tower, London, England (Ernő Goldfinger, 1971–72)
- Bobst Library, New York University, New York (Philip Johnson, Richard Foster)
- FBI Academy, Quantico, Virginia (1972)
- Katowice railway station, Katowice, Poland (Wacław Kłyszewski, Jerzy Mokrzyński and Eugeniusz Wierzbicki a.k.a. "The Tigers", 1972)
- Community College of Rhode Island, Knight Campus Warwick, Rhode Island (1972)
- All original Bay Area Rapid Transit stations, San Francisco Bay Area, California (1972/73)
- New Haven Coliseum, New Haven, Connecticut (Kevin Roche / John Dinkeloo & Associates, 1972) (demolished 2006/2007)
- Manitoba Theatre Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (Number Ten Architectural Group, 1972)
- Cameron Offices, Canberra, Australia (John Andrews, 1972)
- Robin Hood Gardens, London, England (Peter and Alison Smithson, 1972)
- Centre National de la Danse, Paris (1972)
- Édifice Marie-Guyart, Québec City, Canada (1972)
- George Gund Hall, Harvard Graduate School of Design, Cambridge, Massachusetts (John Andrews, 1972)
- D. B. Weldon Library, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (1972)
- Clifton Cathedral, Bristol, England (Percy Thomas Partnership, 1970–73)
- Porto Carras Resort, Chalkidiki, Greece (Walter Gropius, posthum built 1973)
- Perth Concert Hall, Perth, Western Australia (Howlett and Bailey Architects, 1973)
- School of Oriental and African Studies Percy Building, University of London, London, England (Sir Denys Lasdun, 1973)
- Hannah Playhouse, Wellington, New Zealand (James Beard, 1973)
- John P. Robarts Research Library, Toronto, Ontario (A.S. Mathers and E.J. Haldenby, 1973)
- Riverside Plaza, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Ralph Rapson, 1973)
- Philippine International Convention Center, Manila, Philippines (Leandro V. Locsin, 1973)
- Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, (I.M. Pei, 1973)
- Journal Square Transportation Center, Jersey City, New Jersey (1973–1975)
- Sofia Central Station, Sofia, Bulgaria (1974)
- Mudd Center, Oberlin College Library, Warner, Burns, Toan & Lunde, 1974
- AT&T Long Lines Building, New York, NY (John Carl Warnecke, 1974)
- Adam Clayton Powell Jr. State Office Building, New York, NY (Ifill, Johnson & Hanchard, 1974)
- Faner Hall, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL (1974)
- J. Edgar Hoover Building, Washington, D.C. (C.F. Murphy, 1974)
- Buffalo City Court Building, Buffalo, New York (1974)
- Wean Hall, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (1971)
- Birmingham Central Library, Birmingham, England (John Madin, 1974)
- Curtin Hall University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, (Maynard W. Mayer & Assoc., 1974)
- Fine Arts Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts (Kevin Roche, 1975)
- City of Fall River Government Center, Fall River, Massachusetts (1976)
- Folsom Library, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York (Pierik Quinlivan & Krause, 1976)
- Freeway Park, Seattle, Washington (Lawrence Halprin, 1972–1976)
- Guy's Hospital Tower, Southwark, London, England (Watkins Gray, 1974)
- 50 Queen Anne's Gate (former Home Office building, now 102 Petty France, Ministry of Justice), London, England (Fitzroy Robinson & Partners, with Sir Basil Spence, 1976)
- Main Library, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (1970)
- Royal National Theatre, London, England (Sir Denys Lasdun, 1976)
- Barco Law Building, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, (1976)
- Bedford Way building, University of London, London, England (Sir Denys Lasdun, 1977)
- Renaissance Center, Detroit (John Portman, 1977)
- Sampson House, Southwark, London, England (Fitzroy Robinson & Partners 1976-79)
- Corson Auditorium / Grand Traverse Performing Arts Center at Interlochen Center for the Arts, Interlochen, Michigan (1975)
- Wesley W. Posvar Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, (1975–1978)
- RIA Novosti headquarter, former press-center of 1980 Summer Olympics, Moscow, Russia, (1976–1979)
- School of Theology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, L. Kalivites and G. Leonardos, 1976
[1]
1980-present [edit]
- Indiana University Art Museum, I.M. Pei, Bloomington, Indiana 1982
- High Court of Australia building, Canberra, Australia (Edwards Madigan Torzillo and Briggs, 1980)
- UTS Tower, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
- Genex Tower, Belgrade, Serbia (Mihajlo Mitrovic, 1980)
- Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban (Dhaka National Assembly), Dhaka, Bangladesh (Louis Kahn, 1982 (designed 1962))
- Henty House, State Government Offices, Launceston, Australia (Peter Partridge, 1982)
- Performing Arts Centre, Geelong, Australia (1983)
- Alewife (MBTA station), Cambridge, Massachusetts (Ellenzweig, 1985)
- Forum Hotel, Kraków, Poland (Janusz Ingarden, 1978-1989)
- Alkek Library, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas (1990)
- National Congress of Chile, Valparaiso, Chile, 1990)
- Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, Los Angeles, California, United States of America (Rafael Moneo, 2002)
Other structures [edit]
United States Department of Health and Human Services headquarters
L'Enfant Plaza, Washington,D.C.
See also [edit]
- Panel building - many of which are large and constructed of bare concrete panels.
- Panelák - a panel building constructed of pre-fabricated, pre-stressed concrete which may resemble brutalist structures.
- Plattenbau - as above but in Germany
References [edit]
External links [edit]
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