List of driverless trains

Barcelona Metro line 9 without train driver

The London Underground Victoria Line, which opened in 1967, can be considered the first line operated with driverless trains. Many lines now operate with driverless trains, with the aim of reducing the operational costs and improving the frequency of service.

This list focuses heavily on trains in the classical sense used for large scale metros and railways but does include a few people mover systems.

The list is ordered in descending order to the degree of how automatized the train is.

In an Unattended Train Operation (UTO) system like the Copenhagen Metro, the trains run automatically at all times, handle door closing, obstacle detection and emergency situations, without any regulatory requirement of staff present in the trains.

In a driverless system like London Docklands Light Railway, the trains run automatically from station to station but a human Passenger Service Agent is always present somewhere in the train, with responsibility for door closing and handling of emergency situations.

In a system with ATO like London Underground Victoria Line, the trains run automatically from station to station but a human train driver is always present in the front of the train, with responsibility for door closing, obstacle detection on the track before the train and handling of emergency situations.

1 Unattended Train Operation (UTO - completely driverless) systems and lines (Grade of Automation 4)
2 Staffed driverless systems and lines (Grade of Automation 3)
3 Systems and lines with ATO and human driver (Grade of Automation 2)
4 Future system and lines
5 Standard systems for driverless operation
6 Defunct systems
7 See also
8 References
9 External links

Unattended Train Operation (UTO - completely driverless) systems and lines (Grade of Automation 4) [edit]

Europe [edit]

Copenhagen Metro - AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro.

Barcelona Metro line 9 - Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC

Barcelona Metro line 10- Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC

Brescia - Italy, built a light metro called Metrobus. All technical systems are AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro.

Turin Metro - VAL type system.

Milan Metro Line 5 - AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro

Paris Métro Line 14 - opened on 15 October 1998 - Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC

Paris Métro Line 1 - Driverless system started to operate in mixed mode (drived train and driverless train) on 3 November 2011. Last manually driven train will be removed by end of 2012 - Siemens CBTC

Orlyval - opened on 2 October 1991 between Antony and Orly-Sud - VAL type system.

CDGVAL - VAL type system.

Rennes Metro - VAL type system.

Toulouse Metro - VAL type system.

Lille Metro - inaugurated on 25 April 1983, the first using the VAL type system.

Lyon Metro Line D Rubber-tyred trains run automatically with no driver on board, controlled by a system known as MAGGALY (Métro Automatique à Grand Gabarit de l’Agglomération Lyonnaise). - Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC

Nuremberg U-Bahn - U3 and U2 lines. Many (but not all) trains have a train captain on board.

Lausanne Metro - line M2. by Alstom Urbalis

North America [edit]

Chicago O'Hare's Airport Transit System (opened in 1993)- VAL type system.

San Francisco San Francisco International Airport's Airport Transit System (opened in 2003)

Detroit People Mover in Detroit, Michigan

ExpressTram in Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport

AirTrain JFK in Jamaica, New York

Metromover in Miami, Florida

Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit in Morgantown, West Virginia

Las Vegas Monorail in Las Vegas, Nevada

Denver International Airport Airport Tram in Denver, Colorado

SkyTrain in Vancouver, BC — the longest driverless network in North America.

LINK Train at Toronto Pearson International Airport in Toronto, ON

South America [edit]

São Paulo Metro Line 4 - Yellow - Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC

São Paulo Metro Future Line 6 - Orange

Asia [edit]

Disneyland Resort Line

Kelana Jaya Line

Manila Light Rail Transit System - (Manila LRT Purple Line Only)

Bukit Panjang LRT, Sengkang LRT and Punggol LRT. All cars are fully automated and driverless.

North East MRT Line automated and driverless rapid transit line. by Alstom Urbalis

Circle MRT Line automated and driverless rapid transit line. by Alstom Urbalis

Downtown MRT Line automated and driverless rapid transit line. Invensys CBTC (Under Construction)

Dubai Metro

Korea - Busan – Busan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit

Korea - Busan – Busan Subway Line 4

Korea - Seoul - Sin Bundang Line

Korea - Uijeongbu - U Line

Japan - Tokyo - Yurikamome

Japan - Tokyo - Nippori-Toneri Liner

Japan - Yokohama - Kanazawa Seaside Line

Japan - Nagoya - Linimo (Commuter Maglev, built for Expo 2005)

Japan - Osaka - Nanko Port Town Line

Japan - Kobe - Kobe New Transit (World's first 4th-grade automated line)

Japan - Hiroshima - Skyrail Midorizaka Line (People Mover monorail)

Shanghai Metro Lines 10 by Alstom Urbalis

Staffed driverless systems and lines (Grade of Automation 3) [edit]

London Docklands Light Railway opened 1987 (driverless but Passenger Service Agents board at stations to check that all mechanics are running smoothly).

Barcelona Metro line 11- Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC

Taiwan – Taipei Metro Brown Line (Wenshan Line and Neihu Line)

Beijing Subway Airport Express, Beijing Subway . Alstom CBTC

Systems and lines with ATO and human driver (Grade of Automation 2) [edit]

Europe [edit]

Paris Métro Line 2 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections.
Paris Métro Line 3 OCTYS system provides ATP and high level ATO with mobile block system - Siemens CBTC
Paris Métro Line 4 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections.
Paris Métro Line 5 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections. (OCTYS system planned for 2013)
Paris Métro Line 6 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections.
Paris Métro Line 7 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections.
Paris Métro Line 8 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections.
Paris Métro Line 9 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections. (OCTYS system planned for 2015)
Paris Métro Line 11 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections.
Paris Métro Line 12 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections.
Paris Métro Line 13 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections.
RER line A - Utilizes the SACEM system which remains today one of the world's most advanced traffic control systems and enables extremely short spacing (under 90 seconds in stations, under 2 minutes in tunnels) between trains during rush hour.
London's Victoria Line opened 1967 (a member of staff opens & closes the train doors and presses twin start buttons, but does not normally drive the trains).
London's Central Line converted to automated operation in the mid-1990s (a member of staff opens & closes the train doors monitors the train and fixes faults on board. Drivers drive the trains on Sundays and Bank holidays. All shunt moves are made by the drivers and whenever the train stops for fail safe reasons such as excess wheel spin or sliding the driver takes over; at other times trains are computer driven).
London's Jubilee Line converted to automated operation in 2011 (a member of staff opens & closes the train doors).^[1]
London's Northern Line is due to be converted in 2012.
Glasgow Subway uses driverless trains on its line. The driver checks the way is clear and operates the doors.
Munich U-Bahn (driver operates the doors and handles emergency situations, accelerating and braking is fully automated; a fully driverless turning at terminus stations is planned)
Vienna U-Bahn (uses the same system as Munich)
Budapest Line 3 - converted to automated operation in 1990 (a member of staff opens & closes the train doors)
Barcelona Metro line 1
Barcelona Metro line 2
Barcelona Metro line 3
Barcelona Metro line 5
Madrid Metro Line 1 - Bombardier CBTC
Madrid Metro Line 3
Madrid Metro Line 4
Madrid Metro Line 5
Madrid Metro Line 6 - Bombardier CBTC
Madrid Metro Line 7 - Invensys CBTC
Madrid Metro Line 8
Madrid Metro Line 9
Madrid Metro Line 10
Madrid Metro Line 11
Madrid Metro Line 12
Madrid Metro Branch line
Saint Petersburg Metro Line 2 - system "Dvizhenie"
Kazan Metro - system "Dvizhenie"
Ankara Metro Uses a modified version of Toronto subway's H6 subway model made by Bombardier Transportation and configured for driverless operation.
Stockholm Metro Green Line (Lines T17, T18 and T19)
Stockholm Metro Red Line (Lines T13 and T14) will begin ATO operation in 2014 - Ansaldo STS CBTC
Helsinki Metro (including Länsimetro/Västmetron extension) will begin ATO operation in 2013 - Siemens CBTC

Milan Metro Milan Metro Line 1 by Alstom Urbalis

North America [edit]

Montreal Metro Line 1 Green, Line 2 Orange and Line 5 Blue, opened in 1966 (Lines 1 and 2) and 1986 (Line 5), operates in ATO mode introduced since 1976. A member of staff closes the train doors (doors are usually opened automatically unless the driver requests otherwise) but does not normally drive the trains.
The Toronto Transit Commission estimates that ATC/ATO on the Yonge–University–Spadina Line and the Bloor–Danforth Line could be installed by 2016 and 2020 respectively. The Scarborough RT uses ICTS Mark I vehicles which operate on the ATC system (same as the SkyTrain in Vancouver). Though an operator is on board to control the doors, and to watch the train in case of an emergency.
Bay Area Rapid Transit in San Francisco opened in 1972. (A member of staff closes the train doors but does not normally drive the trains).
PATCO Speedline between Philadelphia and New Jersey operates in automated mode since 1969, but can be overridden by a staff member.
Washington Metro has an automated mode, where the driver is responsible for opening and closing of doors and of overriding the system. However, the system has been operating in manual mode since the June 2009 Washington Metro train collision, and plans are to operate in manual mode until newer railcars are delivered.^[2]
New York City Subway BMT Canarsie Line L train is to begin full-fledged Automatic train operation in early 2012 - Siemens CBTC^[3]^[4]
San Francisco MUNI streetcars switch to automatic control while operating in the subway under Market Street and in the Twin Peaks tunnel. The operator manages the doors in-station and pilots the vehicle when running in streetcar mode above ground.

South America [edit]

CPTM lines 7, 10 and 12

Mexico City Metro line 12 by Alstom Urbalis

Santiago Metro line 1 by Alstom Urbalis

Caribbean [edit]

Tren Urbano - the entire system is fully automated, but can be over-ridden. Substations providing the power are remotely controlled from an operational control centre.