List of driverless trains
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Since the opening of the London Underground Victoria Line in 1967, new metros and urban railways have become more automated. Many lines now operate with driverless trains, with the aim of reducing the operational costs and improving the frequency of service.
This list does not include people mover systems but focuses on trains in the classical sense used for large scale metros and railways.
The list is ordered after the degree of how automatized the train is.
- In a system with ATO like London Underground Victoria Line, the trains run automatically from station to station but a human train driver is always present in the front of the train, with responsibility for door closing, obstacle detection on the track before the train and handling of emergency situations.
- In a driverless system like London Docklands Light Railway, the trains run automatically from station to station but a human Passenger Service Agent is always present somewhere in the train, with responsibility for door closing and handling of emergency situations.
- In a completely driverless system like the Copenhagen Metro, the trains run automatically at all times, handle door closing, obstacle detection and emergency situations, without any regulatory requirement of staff present in the trains.
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[edit] Completely driverless systems and lines
[edit] Europe
Barcelona Metro line 9 and Barcelona Metro line 10 - Siemens CBTC
Turin Metro - VAL type system.
Paris Métro Line 14 - opened on 15 October 1998 - Siemens CBTC
- Paris Métro Line 1 - Driverless system started to operate in mixed mode (drived train and driverless train) on 3rd November 2011. Last manually driven train will be removed by end of 2012 - Siemens CBTC
- Rennes Metro - VAL type system.
- Toulouse Metro - VAL type system.
- Lille Metro - inaugurated on 25 April 1983, the first using the VAL system.
- Lyon Metro Line D Rubber-tyred trains run automatically with no driver on board, controlled by a system known as MAGGALY (Métro Automatique à Grand Gabarit de l’Agglomération Lyonnaise). - Siemens CBTC
Nuremberg U-Bahn - U3 and U2 lines (manned trains in case of need)
Lausanne Metro - line M2
[edit] North America
SkyTrain in Vancouver, BC — the longest driverless network in the world.
[edit] South America
São Paulo Metro - Line 4 - Yellow - Siemens CBTC
[edit] Asia
Light Rail Transit (Singapore) - Bukit Panjang LRT, Sengkang LRT and Punggol LRT All cars are fully automated and driverless.
Japan - Tokyo - Yurikamome
Taiwan – Taipei Metro Brown Line (Wenshan Line and Neihu Line)
[edit] Africa
Algiers Metro - opened on 1 November 2011 - Siemens CBTC
[edit] Manned driverless systems and lines
[edit] Europe
London Docklands Light Railway opened 1987 (driverless but has a Passenger Service Agent who close the doors and checks tickets during the journey).
[edit] Systems and lines with ATO and standby human driver
[edit] Europe
- Paris Métro Line 2 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections.
- Paris Métro Line 3 OCTYS system provides ATP and high level ATO with mobile block system - Siemens CBTC
- Paris Métro Line 4 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections.
- Paris Métro Line 5 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections. (OCTYS system planned for 2013)
- Paris Métro Line 6 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections.
- Paris Métro Line 7 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections.
- Paris Métro Line 8 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections.
- Paris Métro Line 9 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections. (OCTYS system planned for 2015)
- Paris Métro Line 11 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections.
- Paris Métro Line 12 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections.
- Paris Métro Line 13 Low level ATO systems managing speed of the trains in the tunnel sections.
- RER line A - Utilizes the SACEM system which remains today one of the world's most advanced traffic control systems and enables extremely short spacing (under 90 seconds in stations, under 2 minutes in tunnels) between trains during rush hour.
- London's Victoria Line opened 1967 (a member of staff opens & closes the train doors but does not normally drive the trains).
- London's Central Line converted to automated operation in the mid-1990s (a member of staff opens & closes the train doors and only drives the trains on Sundays; at other times trains are computer driven).
- London's Jubilee Line converted to automated operation in 2011 (a member of staff opens & closes the train doors).[1]
- London's Northern Line is due to be converted in 2012.
- Glasgow Subway uses driverless trains on its line. The driver checks the way is clear and operates the doors.
- Munich U-Bahn (driver operates the doors and handles emergency situations, accelerating and braking is fully automated; a fully driverless turning at terminus stations is planned)
Vienna U-Bahn (uses the same system as Munich)- Barcelona Metro lines 2, 3, 5, and 11
- Madrid Metro Line 1 - Bombardier CBTC
- Madrid Metro Line 3
- Madrid Metro Line 4
- Madrid Metro Line 5
- Madrid Metro Line 6 - Bombardier CBTC
- Madrid Metro Line 7
- Madrid Metro Line 8
- Madrid Metro Line 9
- Madrid Metro Line 10
- Madrid Metro Line 11
- Madrid Metro Line 12
- Madrid Metro Branch line
Saint Petersburg Metro Line 2 - system "Dvizhenie"- Kazan Metro - system "Dvizhenie"
Ankara Metro Uses a modified version of Toronto subway's H6 subway model made by Bombardier Transportation and configured for driverless operation.
Stockholm Metro Green Line (Lines T17, T18 and T19)- Stockholm Metro Red Line (Lines T13 and T14) will begin ATO operation in 2014 - Ansaldo STS CBTC
Helsinki Metro (including Länsimetro/Västmetron extension) will begin ATO operation in 2013 - Siemens CBTC
[edit] North America
- Montreal Metro Line 1 Green, Line 2 Orange and Line 5 Blue, opened in 1966 (Lines 1 and 2) and 1986 (Line 5), operates in ATO mode introduced since 1976. A member of staff closes the train doors (doors are usually opened automatically unless the driver requests otherwise) but does not normally drive the trains.
- The Toronto Transit Commission estimates that ATC/ATO on the Yonge–University–Spadina Line and the Bloor–Danforth Line could be installed by 2016 and 2020 respectively.
Bay Area Rapid Transit in San Francisco opened in 1972. (A member of staff closes the train doors but does not normally drive the trains).- PATCO Speedline between Philadelphia and New Jersey operates in automated mode since 1969, but can be overridden by a staff member.
- Washington Metro has an automated mode, where the driver is responsible for opening and closing of doors and of overriding the system. However, the system has been operating in manual mode since the June 2009 Washington Metro train collision, and plans are to operate in manual mode until newer railcars are delivered. [2]
- New York City Subway BMT Canarsie Line (L train) is to begin full-fledged Automatic train operation in early 2012.[3][4]
- San Francisco MUNI streetcars switch to automatic control while operating in the subway under Market Street and in the Twin Peaks tunnel. The operator manages the doors in-station and pilots the vehicle when running in streetcar mode above ground.
[edit] South America
[edit] Caribbean
Tren Urbano - the entire system is fully automated, but can be over-ridden. Substations providing the power are remotely controlled from a operational control centre.
[edit] Asia
- East West MRT Line (includes Changi Airport Extension) and North South MRT Line - the driver opens and closes the doors, and the driver would usually drive the train when the ATO cannot stop the train properly (e.g. in heavy rain), or when ATO breaks down/is not available.
- Both North East MRT Line and Circle MRT Line, have driver when in emergency state or manual mode. An example was when Circle Line Stage 4 & 5 opened, SMRT CCL Zone 15 - 17 staff drives the train.
Seoul Subway Line 5 - driver on standby and will drive the train when ATO malfunctions or is not available.- Seoul Subway Line 6
- Seoul Subway Line 7
- Seoul Subway Line 8
- Seoul Subway Line 9
- Korail Bundang Line (Utilizes the SelTrac system with driver on board in case of emergencies)
- Busan Subway Line 1
- Busan Subway Line 2
- Busan Subway Line 3
- Daejeon Subway Line 1
- Incheon Subway Line 1
- Daegu Subway Line 1
- Daegu Subway Line 2
- Taipei Metro Red Line (Tamsui Line)
- Taipei Metro Green Line (Xiaonanmen Line, Xindian Line, Xiaobitan Branch)
- Taipei Metro Blue Line (Banqiao-Nangang Line, Tucheng Line)
- Taipei Metro Orange Line (Zhonghe Line, Xinzhuang Line, Luzhou Line)
- Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line (Main line converted to ATO in 2010, Hōnanchō branch continues to use ATC/TASC)
- Tokyo Metro Namboku Line
- Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line
- Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line (Kita-Ayase branch)
- Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line (ATO trialled during the 1960s, trains now operated in manual mode)
- Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation Toei Ōedo Line
- Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation Toei Mita Line
- Nankō Port Town Line in Osaka
- Osaka Municipal Subway Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line
- Osaka Municipal Subway Tanimachi Line (ATO trialled from October 1967 until February 1968, trains now operated in manual mode)
- Fukuoka City Subway Kūkō Line
- Fukuoka City Subway Hakozaki Line
- Fukuoka City Subway Nanakuma Line
- Saitama Rapid Railway Line (actually a continuation of the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line)
- Sendai Subway Nanboku Line (World's first railway system to use fuzzy logic to control the speed of trains)
- Yokohama Municipal Subway Green Line
- Nagoya Municipal Subway Sakura-dōri Line
- Okinawa Monorail
MTR Kwun Tong Line - same system as Paris RER line A- MTR Tsuen Wan Line - same system as Paris RER line A
- MTR Island Line - same system as Paris RER line A
- MTR Tung Chung Line - same system as Paris RER line A
- MTR Airport Express - same system as Paris RER line A
- MTR Tseung Kwan O Line - same system as Paris RER line A
- MTR East Rail Line
- MTR West Rail Line (Utilizes the SelTrac system with driver on board in case of emergencies)
- MTR Ma On Shan Line (Utilizes the SelTrac system with driver on board in case of emergencies)
Beijing Subway Lines 2 and 4 (Utilizes the SelTrac system with driver on board in case of emergencies)- Wuhan Metro Line 1 (Utilizes the SelTrac system with driver on board in case of emergencies)
- Guangzhou Metro Line 3 (Utilizes the SelTrac system with driver on board in case of emergencies)
- Shenyang Metro Line 1 - Ansaldo STS CBTC
- Shanghai Metro Lines 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11 (Line 11 from 2012) (Utilizes the SelTrac system with driver on board in case of emergencies)
Kolkata Metro Line 1 and probably the future Line 2- Delhi Metro Red Line (Uses signalling systems supplied by Alstom)
- Delhi Metro Yellow Line (Uses signalling systems supplied by Alstom)
- Delhi Metro Blue Line (Uses LZB 700 signalling systems supplied by Siemens)
- Delhi Metro Green Line (Uses LZB 700 signalling systems supplied by Alstom)
- Delhi Metro Violet Line (Uses signalling systems supplied by Bombardier Transportation)
- Delhi Metro Airport Express (Uses RHEDA-2000 signalling systems supplied by Bombardier Transportation)
[edit] Future system and lines
- Brescia - Italy, is building a light metro called Metrobus. All technical systems are AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro.
- Paris Métro Line 1 is being converted to fully driverless automated operations is expected to be completed in 2011.
Macau - driverless elevated lightrail
Pilbara iron ore trains operated by Rio Tinto are proposed to be converted to driverless operation by 2013.[5][6]
- São Paulo Line 4 opened in 2010 between the stations Paulista and Butantã
- São Paulo Future Line 6 opened in 2014 between the stations Brasilândia to São Joaquim
- Moscow's Third Interchange Circuit is expected to be completed in 2014.
- Downtown MRT Line Under construction
[edit] Standard systems for driverless operation
- VAL used in Lille, Rennes and other cities.
[edit] Defunct systems
- Post Office Railway - subway connected main post offices and railway terminals in London.
- Berlin M-Bahn
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Transport for London Tube Upgrade Plan
- ^ Weir, Kytja (June 02, 2011). "Metro: Trains to stay in manual mode for several years". The Washington Examiner. http://washingtonexaminer.com/local/dc/2011/06/metro-trains-stay-manual-mode-several-years. Retrieved July 13, 2011.
- ^ [|NY1 News] (2009-02-21). "L Subway service to be run by computers". http://www.ny1.com/Content/news_beats/transit/94359/l-subway-line-to-be-run-by-computers/Default.aspx?ap=1&Flash. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
- ^ "MTA L Train Response to Squadron" (Press release). Metropolitan Transportation Authority (New York). 2011-09-06. http://www.nysenate.gov/files/pdfs/MTA%20L%20Train%20Response%20to%20Squadron.pdf. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
- ^ The Australian newspaper 29 October 2008 p1
- ^ http://www.mineprocessing.com/News/detail-a135-b2-c0-d0-e0-f.html
