High courts of India: Difference between revisions
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[[image:Bombay-High-Court.jpg|thumb|300px|The [[Bombay High Court]] in [[Mumbai]].]] |
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[[India]]'s [[law in India|judicial system]] is made up of the [[Supreme Court of India]] and twenty-one subordinate '''High Courts'''. These courts have jurisprudence over a [[states and territories of India|state]] or a group of states. Below the High Courts are a heirachy of subordinate courts such as the civil courts, family courts, criminal courts and various other district courts. |
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{{cleanup-date|July 2005}} |
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Each state is divided into judicial districts which is presided over by a district and sessions Judge, which is the principal civil court of original jurisdiction, and can try all offences including those punishable with death. The Sessions Judge is the highest judicial authority in a district. Below him, there are courts of civil jurisdiction, known by different names in different states. |
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{{Politics of India}} |
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[[image:Bangalore HighCourt.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Karnataka High Court]].]] |
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A High Court is headed by a Chief Justice. The Chief Justices are ranked #14 (in their state) and #17 (outside their state) in the [[Indian order of precedence]]. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that High Court, which ever is higher. |
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The [[Calcutta High Court]] is the oldest High Court in the country, established on [[1862-07-02]]. High courts which handle a large number of cases of a particular region, have permanent benches established there. Benches are also present in states which come under the jurisdiction of a court outside its territorial limits. |
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==High Courts== |
==High Courts== |
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The following are the twenty-one High Courts sorted by name, year established, Act by which it was established, jurisdiction, seat of governance, benches, and the maximum number of judges sanctioned. |
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*Allahabad High Court |
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{| style="font-size:90%; border:1px solid black; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; background-color:#F4F9FF" cellspacing="0" width="100%" |
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*Andhra Pradesh High Court |
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|- bgcolor=#99ccff style="text-align:center" |
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*Bombay High Court |
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! width="21%" | Court name |
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! Established |
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*Chhattisgarh High Court |
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! Act established |
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*Delhi High Court |
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! Jurisdiction |
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*Gawahati High Court |
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! Seat |
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*Gujarat High Court |
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! Benches |
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*Himachal Pradesh High Court |
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! Jud. |
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*Jammu and Kashmir High Court |
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|- valign="top" |
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*Jharkhand High Court |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Allahabad High Court]]'''{{ref|AHC}} |
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*Karnataka High Court |
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| [[1866-06-11]] |
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*Kerala High Court |
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| ''High Courts Act, [[1861]]'' |
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*Madhya Pradesh High Court |
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| [[Uttar Pradesh]] |
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*Madras High Court |
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| [[Allahabad]] |
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*Orissa High Court |
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| [[Lucknow]] |
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*Patna High Court |
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| 95 |
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*Punjab and Haryana High Court |
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|- |
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*Rajasthan High Court |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Andhra Pradesh High Court]]''' |
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*Sikkim High Court |
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| [[1954-07-05]] |
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*Uttaranchal High Court |
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| ''Andhra State Act, [[1953]]'' |
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| [[Andhra Pradesh]] |
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| [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] |
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| |
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| 39 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Bombay High Court]]''' |
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| [[1862-08-14]] |
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| ''High Courts Act, 1861'' |
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| [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]], [[Daman and Diu]] |
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| [[Mumbai]] |
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| [[Nagpur]], [[Panaji]], [[Aurangabad]] |
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| 60 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Calcutta High Court]]''' |
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| [[1862-07-02]] |
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| ''High Courts Act, 1861'' |
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| [[West Bengal]], [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] |
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| [[Calcutta]] |
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| [[Port Blair]] (circuit bench) |
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| 63 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Chhattisgarh High Court]]''' |
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| [[2000-01-11]] |
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| ''Madhya Pradesh Re-organisation Act, [[2000]]'' |
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| [[Chhattisgarh]] |
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| [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]] |
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| |
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| 08 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Delhi High Court]]'''{{ref|Delhi}} |
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| [[1966-10-31]] |
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| ''Delhi High Court Order, [[1966]]'' |
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| [[National Capital Territory of Delhi]] |
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| [[New Delhi]] |
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| |
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| 36 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Guwahati High Court]]'''{{ref|Assam}} |
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| [[1948-03-01]] |
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| ''Government of India Act, [[1935]]'' |
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| [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Assam]], [[Manipur]], [[Meghalaya]], [[Nagaland]], [[Tripura]], [[Mizoram]] |
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| [[Guwahati]] |
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| [[Kohima]], [[Aizwal]] & [[Imphal]]. Circuit Bench at [[Agartala]] & [[Shillong]] |
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| 27 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Gujarat High Court]]''' |
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| [[1960-05-01]] |
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| ''Bombay Re-organsisation Act, [[1960]]'' |
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| [[Gujarat]] |
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| [[Ahmedabad]] |
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| |
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| 42 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Himachal Pradesh High Court]]''' |
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| [[1971]] |
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| ''State of H.P. Act, [[1970]]'' |
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| [[Himachal Pradesh]] |
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| [[Shimla]] |
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| |
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| 09 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]]''' |
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| [[1943-08-28]] |
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| ''Letters Patent'' issued by the Maharaja of Kashmir |
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| [[Jammu & Kashmir]] |
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| [[Srinagar]] & [[Jammu]]{{mn|JK|†}} |
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| |
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| 14 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Jharkhand High Court]] ''' |
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| [[2000]] |
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| ''Bihar Re-organisation Act, 2000'' |
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| [[Jharkhand]] |
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| [[Ranchi]] |
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| |
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| 12 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Karnataka High Court]]'''{{ref|Kar}} |
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| [[1884]] |
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| ''Mysore High Court Act, 1884'' |
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| [[Karnataka]] |
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| [[Bangalore]] |
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| |
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| 40 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Kerala High Court]]'''{{ref|Kerala}} |
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| [[1958]] |
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| ''Kerala High Court Act, 1958'' |
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| [[Kerala]], [[Lakshadweep]] |
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| [[Ernakulam]] |
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| |
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| 40 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Madhya Pradesh High Court]]'''{{ref|MP}} |
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| [[1936-01-02]] |
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| ''Government of India Act, [[1935]]'' |
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|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
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|[[Jabalpur]] |
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| [[Gwalior]], [[Indore]] |
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| 42 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Madras High Court]]''' |
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| [[1862-08-15]] |
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| ''High Courts Act, 1861'' |
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| [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Pondicherry]] |
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| [[Chennai]] |
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| [[Madurai]] |
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| 47 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Orissa High Court]]''' |
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| [[1948-04-03]] |
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| ''Orissa High Court Order, 1948'' |
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| [[Orissa]] |
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| [[Cuttack]] |
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| |
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| 27 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Patna High Court]]''' |
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| [[1916-09-02]] |
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| ''Government of India Act, 1915'' |
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| [[Bihar]] |
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| [[Patna]] |
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| |
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| 43 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Punjab and Haryana High Court]]'''{{ref|Punjab}} |
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| [[1947-11-08]] |
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| ''High Court (Punjab) Order, 1947'' |
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| [[Punjab (Indian state)|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Chandigarh]] |
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| [[Chandigarh]] |
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| |
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| 53 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Rajasthan High Court]]''' |
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|[[1949-06-21]] |
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| ''Rajasthan High Court Ordinance, 1949'' |
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| [[Rajasthan]] |
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| [[Jodhpur]] |
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| [[Jaipur]] |
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| 40 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Sikkim High Court]]''' |
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| [[1975]] |
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| ''[[38th Amendment to the Indian Constitution|38th Ammendment]]'' |
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| [[Sikkim]] |
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| [[Gangtok]] |
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| |
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| 03 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Uttaranchal High Court]]''' |
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| [[2000]] |
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| ''U.P. Re-organisation Act, 2000'' |
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| [[Uttranchal]] |
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| [[Nainital]] |
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| |
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| 09 |
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|} |
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* {{mnb|JK|†}} Srinagar is the summer capital, Jammu is the winter capital. |
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#{{note|AHC}} Originally known established at [[Agra]]. Shifted to Allahabad in [[1875]]. |
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#{{note|Delhi}} [[Lahore High Court]] established in [[1919-03-21]]. Jurisdiction covered [[Punjab|undivided Punjab]] and Delhi. In [[1947-08-11]] a separate [[High Court of Punjab]] was created with its seat at [[Simla]] under the Indian Independence Act, 1947 which had jurisdiction over Punjab, Delhi and present Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. In 1966 after the reorganisation of the State of Punjab, the High Court was designated as the High Court of Punjab and Haryana. The Delhi High Court was established on [[1966-10-31]] with its seat at Simla. |
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#{{note|Assam}} Originally known as the High Court of Assam and Nagaland, renamed as Guwahati High Court in 1971 by the North East Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971. |
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#{{note|Kar}} Originally known as [[Mysore High Court]], renamed as Karnataka High Court in [[1973]]. |
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#{{note|Kerala}} High Court established at Ernakulam by an Ordinace of 1948. This was repealed by the [[Travancore]]-[[Cochin]] High Court Act, 1949. The State then came to be known as Kerala. The Kerala High Court Act, 1958 laid down the powers, jurisdiction and authority of the Kerala High Court. |
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#{{note|MP}} Under the Government of India Act, 1935 by a Letters Patent dated 2-1-1936 a High Court was established at [[Nagpur]] for the Central Provinces. After the reogansiation of states, this High Court was shifted to Jabalpur in 1956. |
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#{{note|Punjab}} Originally known as Punjab High Court, renamed as Punjab & Haryana High Court in 1966 |
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==High Courts by state== |
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<center> |
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{| style="font-size:90%; border:1px solid black; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; background-color:#F4F9FF" cellspacing="1" width="85%" |
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|- bgcolor=#99ccff style="text-align:center" |
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! State or UT |
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! Court |
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! City |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF |'''[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]''' |
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| [[Calcutta High Court]] |
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| [[Kolkata]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF |'''[[Arunachal Pradesh]]''' |
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| [[Guwahati High Court]] |
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| [[Guwahati]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Andhra Pradesh]]''' |
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| [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]] |
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| [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Assam]]''' |
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| [[Guwahati High Court]] |
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| [[Guwahati]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Bihar]]''' |
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| [[Patna High Court]] |
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| [[Patna]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Chhattisgarh]]''' |
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| [[Chhattisgarh High Court]] |
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| [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Chandigarh]]''' |
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| [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] |
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| [[Chandigarh]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]''' |
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| [[Bombay High Court]] |
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| [[Mumbai]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Daman and Diu]]''' |
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| [[Bombay High Court]] |
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| [[Mumbai]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[National capital territory of Delhi]]''' |
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| [[Delhi High Court]] |
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| [[New Delhi]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Goa]]''' |
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| [[Bombay High Court]] |
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| [[Mumbai]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Gujarat]]''' |
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| [[Gujarat High Court]] |
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| [[Ahmedabad]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Haryana]]''' |
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| [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] |
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| [[Chandigarh]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Himachal Pradesh]]''' |
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| [[Himachal Pradesh High Court]] |
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| [[Shimla]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Jammu and Kashmir]]''' |
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| [[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]] |
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| [[Srinagar]]/[[Jammu]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Jharkhand]]''' |
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| [[Jharkhand High Court]] |
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| [[Ranchi]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Karnataka]]''' |
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| [[Karnataka High Court]] |
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| [[Bangalore]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Kerala]]''' |
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| [[Kerala High Court]] |
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| [[Ernakulam]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Lakshadweep]]''' |
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| [[Kerala High Court]] |
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| [[Ernakulam]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Madhya Pradesh]]''' |
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| [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]] |
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| [[Bhopal]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Maharashtra]]''' |
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| [[Bombay High Court]] |
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| [[Mumbai]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Manipur]]''' |
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| [[Guwahati High Court]] |
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| [[Guwahati]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Meghalaya]]''' |
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| [[Guwahati High Court]] |
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| [[Guwahati]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Mizoram]]''' |
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| [[Guwahati High Court]] |
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| [[Guwahati]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Nagaland]]''' |
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| [[Guwahati High Court]] |
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| [[Guwahati]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Orissa]]''' |
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| [[Orissa High Court]] |
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| [[Cuttack]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Pondicherry]]''' |
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| [[Madras High Court]] |
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| [[Chennai]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]''' |
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| [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] |
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| [[Chandigarh]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Rajasthan]]''' |
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| [[Rajasthan High Court]] |
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| [[Jaipur]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Sikkim]]''' |
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| [[Sikkim High Court]] |
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| [[Gangtok]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Tamil Nadu]]''' |
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| [[Madras High Court]] |
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| [[Chennai]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Tripura]]''' |
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| [[Guwahati High Court]] |
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| [[Guwahati]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Uttaranchal]]''' |
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| [[Uttaranchal High Court]] |
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| [[Nainital]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Uttar Pradesh]]''' |
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| [[Allahabad High Court]] |
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| [[Allahabad]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[West Bengal]]''' |
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| [[Calcutta High Court]] |
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| [[Kolkata]] |
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|} |
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</center> |
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==References== |
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* {{Web reference | title= Jurisdiction and Seats of Indian High Courts | work=Eastern Book Company | URL=http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/hcourts.htm| date=September 2 | year=2005}} |
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* {{Web reference | title= Judge strength in High Courts increased| work=Press Information Bureau – Govt. of India | URL=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/roct2003/30102003/r301020036.html| date=September 2 | year=2005}} |
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* {{Web reference | title= Judiciary| work=Supreme Court of India | URL= |
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http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/new_s/constitution.htm| date=September 2 | year=2005}} |
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[[category:High Courts of India| ]] |
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[[category:Indian law]] |
Revision as of 15:12, 3 September 2005
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Bombay-High-Court.jpg/300px-Bombay-High-Court.jpg)
India's judicial system is made up of the Supreme Court of India and twenty-one subordinate High Courts. These courts have jurisprudence over a state or a group of states. Below the High Courts are a heirachy of subordinate courts such as the civil courts, family courts, criminal courts and various other district courts.
Each state is divided into judicial districts which is presided over by a district and sessions Judge, which is the principal civil court of original jurisdiction, and can try all offences including those punishable with death. The Sessions Judge is the highest judicial authority in a district. Below him, there are courts of civil jurisdiction, known by different names in different states.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bangalore_HighCourt.jpg/300px-Bangalore_HighCourt.jpg)
A High Court is headed by a Chief Justice. The Chief Justices are ranked #14 (in their state) and #17 (outside their state) in the Indian order of precedence. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that High Court, which ever is higher.
The Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in the country, established on 1862-07-02. High courts which handle a large number of cases of a particular region, have permanent benches established there. Benches are also present in states which come under the jurisdiction of a court outside its territorial limits.
High Courts
The following are the twenty-one High Courts sorted by name, year established, Act by which it was established, jurisdiction, seat of governance, benches, and the maximum number of judges sanctioned.
- Template:Mnb Srinagar is the summer capital, Jammu is the winter capital.
- ^ Originally known established at Agra. Shifted to Allahabad in 1875.
- ^ Lahore High Court established in 1919-03-21. Jurisdiction covered undivided Punjab and Delhi. In 1947-08-11 a separate High Court of Punjab was created with its seat at Simla under the Indian Independence Act, 1947 which had jurisdiction over Punjab, Delhi and present Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. In 1966 after the reorganisation of the State of Punjab, the High Court was designated as the High Court of Punjab and Haryana. The Delhi High Court was established on 1966-10-31 with its seat at Simla.
- ^ Originally known as the High Court of Assam and Nagaland, renamed as Guwahati High Court in 1971 by the North East Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971.
- ^ Originally known as Mysore High Court, renamed as Karnataka High Court in 1973.
- ^ High Court established at Ernakulam by an Ordinace of 1948. This was repealed by the Travancore-Cochin High Court Act, 1949. The State then came to be known as Kerala. The Kerala High Court Act, 1958 laid down the powers, jurisdiction and authority of the Kerala High Court.
- ^ Under the Government of India Act, 1935 by a Letters Patent dated 2-1-1936 a High Court was established at Nagpur for the Central Provinces. After the reogansiation of states, this High Court was shifted to Jabalpur in 1956.
- ^ Originally known as Punjab High Court, renamed as Punjab & Haryana High Court in 1966
High Courts by state
References
- "Jurisdiction and Seats of Indian High Courts". Eastern Book Company. September 2.
{{cite web}}
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and|year=
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mismatch (help) - "Judge strength in High Courts increased". Press Information Bureau – Govt. of India. September 2.
{{cite web}}
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and|year=
/|date=
mismatch (help) - "Judiciary". Supreme Court of India. September 2.
{{cite web}}
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and|year=
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mismatch (help)