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[[image:Bombay-High-Court.jpg|thumb|300px|The [[Bombay High Court]] in [[Mumbai]].]]
{{expand}}
[[India]]'s [[law in India|judicial system]] is made up of the [[Supreme Court of India]] and twenty-one subordinate '''High Courts'''. These courts have jurisprudence over a [[states and territories of India|state]] or a group of states. Below the High Courts are a heirachy of subordinate courts such as the civil courts, family courts, criminal courts and various other district courts.
{{cleanup-date|July 2005}}


Each state is divided into judicial districts which is presided over by a district and sessions Judge, which is the principal civil court of original jurisdiction, and can try all offences including those punishable with death. The Sessions Judge is the highest judicial authority in a district. Below him, there are courts of civil jurisdiction, known by different names in different states.
{{Politics of India}}

[[image:Bangalore HighCourt.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Karnataka High Court]].]]
A High Court is headed by a Chief Justice. The Chief Justices are ranked #14 (in their state) and #17 (outside their state) in the [[Indian order of precedence]]. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that High Court, which ever is higher.

The [[Calcutta High Court]] is the oldest High Court in the country, established on [[1862-07-02]]. High courts which handle a large number of cases of a particular region, have permanent benches established there. Benches are also present in states which come under the jurisdiction of a court outside its territorial limits.


==High Courts==
==High Courts==
The following are the twenty-one High Courts sorted by name, year established, Act by which it was established, jurisdiction, seat of governance, benches, and the maximum number of judges sanctioned.
*Allahabad High Court
{| style="font-size:90%; border:1px solid black; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; background-color:#F4F9FF" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
*Andhra Pradesh High Court
|- bgcolor=#99ccff style="text-align:center"
*Bombay High Court
*Calcutta High Court
! width="21%" | Court name
! Established
*Chhattisgarh High Court
! Act established
*Delhi High Court
! Jurisdiction
*Gawahati High Court
! Seat
*Gujarat High Court
! Benches
*Himachal Pradesh High Court
! Jud.
*Jammu and Kashmir High Court
|- valign="top"
*Jharkhand High Court
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Allahabad High Court]]'''{{ref|AHC}}
*Karnataka High Court
| [[1866-06-11]]
*Kerala High Court
| ''High Courts Act, [[1861]]''
*Madhya Pradesh High Court
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
*Madras High Court
| [[Allahabad]]
*Orissa High Court
| [[Lucknow]]
*Patna High Court
| 95
*Punjab and Haryana High Court
|-
*Rajasthan High Court
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Andhra Pradesh High Court]]'''
*Sikkim High Court
| [[1954-07-05]]
*Uttaranchal High Court
| ''Andhra State Act, [[1953]]''
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
|  
| 39
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Bombay High Court]]'''
| [[1862-08-14]]
| ''High Courts Act, 1861''
| [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]], [[Daman and Diu]]
| [[Mumbai]]
| [[Nagpur]], [[Panaji]], [[Aurangabad]]
| 60
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Calcutta High Court]]'''
| [[1862-07-02]]
| ''High Courts Act, 1861''
| [[West Bengal]], [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
| [[Calcutta]]
| [[Port Blair]] (circuit bench)
| 63
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Chhattisgarh High Court]]'''
| [[2000-01-11]]
| ''Madhya Pradesh Re-organisation Act, [[2000]]''
| [[Chhattisgarh]]
| [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
|  
| 08
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Delhi High Court]]'''{{ref|Delhi}}
| [[1966-10-31]]
| ''Delhi High Court Order, [[1966]]''
| [[National Capital Territory of Delhi]]
| [[New Delhi]]
|  
| 36
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Guwahati High Court]]'''{{ref|Assam}}
| [[1948-03-01]]
| ''Government of India Act, [[1935]]''
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Assam]], [[Manipur]], [[Meghalaya]], [[Nagaland]], [[Tripura]], [[Mizoram]]
| [[Guwahati]]
| [[Kohima]], [[Aizwal]] & [[Imphal]]. Circuit Bench at [[Agartala]] & [[Shillong]]
| 27
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Gujarat High Court]]'''
| [[1960-05-01]]
| ''Bombay Re-organsisation Act, [[1960]]''
| [[Gujarat]]
| [[Ahmedabad]]
|  
| 42
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Himachal Pradesh High Court]]'''
| [[1971]]
| ''State of H.P. Act, [[1970]]''
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| [[Shimla]]
|  
| 09
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]]'''
| [[1943-08-28]]
| ''Letters Patent'' issued by the Maharaja of Kashmir
| [[Jammu & Kashmir]]
| [[Srinagar]] & [[Jammu]]{{mn|JK|†}}
|  
| 14
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Jharkhand High Court]] '''
| [[2000]]
| ''Bihar Re-organisation Act, 2000''
| [[Jharkhand]]
| [[Ranchi]]
|  
| 12
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Karnataka High Court]]'''{{ref|Kar}}
| [[1884]]
| ''Mysore High Court Act, 1884''
| [[Karnataka]]
| [[Bangalore]]
|  
| 40
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Kerala High Court]]'''{{ref|Kerala}}
| [[1958]]
| ''Kerala High Court Act, 1958''
| [[Kerala]], [[Lakshadweep]]
| [[Ernakulam]]
|  
| 40
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Madhya Pradesh High Court]]'''{{ref|MP}}
| [[1936-01-02]]
| ''Government of India Act, [[1935]]''
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|[[Jabalpur]]
| [[Gwalior]], [[Indore]]
| 42
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Madras High Court]]'''
| [[1862-08-15]]
| ''High Courts Act, 1861''
| [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Pondicherry]]
| [[Chennai]]
| [[Madurai]]
| 47
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Orissa High Court]]'''
| [[1948-04-03]]
| ''Orissa High Court Order, 1948''
| [[Orissa]]
| [[Cuttack]]
|  
| 27
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Patna High Court]]'''
| [[1916-09-02]]
| ''Government of India Act, 1915''
| [[Bihar]]
| [[Patna]]
|  
| 43
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Punjab and Haryana High Court]]'''{{ref|Punjab}}
| [[1947-11-08]]
| ''High Court (Punjab) Order, 1947''
| [[Punjab (Indian state)|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Chandigarh]]
| [[Chandigarh]]
|  
| 53
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Rajasthan High Court]]'''
|[[1949-06-21]]
| ''Rajasthan High Court Ordinance, 1949''
| [[Rajasthan]]
| [[Jodhpur]]
| [[Jaipur]]
| 40
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Sikkim High Court]]'''
| [[1975]]
| ''[[38th Amendment to the Indian Constitution|38th Ammendment]]''
| [[Sikkim]]
| [[Gangtok]]
|  
| 03
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Uttaranchal High Court]]'''
| [[2000]]
| ''U.P. Re-organisation Act, 2000''
| [[Uttranchal]]
| [[Nainital]]
|  
| 09
|}



* {{mnb|JK|†}} Srinagar is the summer capital, Jammu is the winter capital.

#{{note|AHC}} Originally known established at [[Agra]]. Shifted to Allahabad in [[1875]].
#{{note|Delhi}} [[Lahore High Court]] established in [[1919-03-21]]. Jurisdiction covered [[Punjab|undivided Punjab]] and Delhi. In [[1947-08-11]] a separate [[High Court of Punjab]] was created with its seat at [[Simla]] under the Indian Independence Act, 1947 which had jurisdiction over Punjab, Delhi and present Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. In 1966 after the reorganisation of the State of Punjab, the High Court was designated as the High Court of Punjab and Haryana. The Delhi High Court was established on [[1966-10-31]] with its seat at Simla.
#{{note|Assam}} Originally known as the High Court of Assam and Nagaland, renamed as Guwahati High Court in 1971 by the North East Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971.
#{{note|Kar}} Originally known as [[Mysore High Court]], renamed as Karnataka High Court in [[1973]].
#{{note|Kerala}} High Court established at Ernakulam by an Ordinace of 1948. This was repealed by the [[Travancore]]-[[Cochin]] High Court Act, 1949. The State then came to be known as Kerala. The Kerala High Court Act, 1958 laid down the powers, jurisdiction and authority of the Kerala High Court.
#{{note|MP}} Under the Government of India Act, 1935 by a Letters Patent dated 2-1-1936 a High Court was established at [[Nagpur]] for the Central Provinces. After the reogansiation of states, this High Court was shifted to Jabalpur in 1956.
#{{note|Punjab}} Originally known as Punjab High Court, renamed as Punjab & Haryana High Court in 1966

==High Courts by state==
<center>
{| style="font-size:90%; border:1px solid black; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; background-color:#F4F9FF" cellspacing="1" width="85%"
|- bgcolor=#99ccff style="text-align:center"
! State or UT
! Court
! City
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF |'''[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]'''
| [[Calcutta High Court]]
| [[Kolkata]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF |'''[[Arunachal Pradesh]]'''
| [[Guwahati High Court]]
| [[Guwahati]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Andhra Pradesh]]'''
| [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]]
| [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Assam]]'''
| [[Guwahati High Court]]
| [[Guwahati]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Bihar]]'''
| [[Patna High Court]]
| [[Patna]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Chhattisgarh]]'''
| [[Chhattisgarh High Court]]
| [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Chandigarh]]'''
| [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]]
| [[Chandigarh]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]'''
| [[Bombay High Court]]
| [[Mumbai]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Daman and Diu]]'''
| [[Bombay High Court]]
| [[Mumbai]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[National capital territory of Delhi]]'''
| [[Delhi High Court]]
| [[New Delhi]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Goa]]'''
| [[Bombay High Court]]
| [[Mumbai]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Gujarat]]'''
| [[Gujarat High Court]]
| [[Ahmedabad]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Haryana]]'''
| [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]]
| [[Chandigarh]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Himachal Pradesh]]'''
| [[Himachal Pradesh High Court]]
| [[Shimla]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Jammu and Kashmir]]'''
| [[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]]
| [[Srinagar]]/[[Jammu]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Jharkhand]]'''
| [[Jharkhand High Court]]
| [[Ranchi]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Karnataka]]'''
| [[Karnataka High Court]]
| [[Bangalore]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Kerala]]'''
| [[Kerala High Court]]
| [[Ernakulam]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Lakshadweep]]'''
| [[Kerala High Court]]
| [[Ernakulam]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Madhya Pradesh]]'''
| [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]]
| [[Bhopal]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Maharashtra]]'''
| [[Bombay High Court]]
| [[Mumbai]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Manipur]]'''
| [[Guwahati High Court]]
| [[Guwahati]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Meghalaya]]'''
| [[Guwahati High Court]]
| [[Guwahati]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Mizoram]]'''
| [[Guwahati High Court]]
| [[Guwahati]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Nagaland]]'''
| [[Guwahati High Court]]
| [[Guwahati]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Orissa]]'''
| [[Orissa High Court]]
| [[Cuttack]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Pondicherry]]'''
| [[Madras High Court]]
| [[Chennai]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]'''
| [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]]
| [[Chandigarh]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Rajasthan]]'''
| [[Rajasthan High Court]]
| [[Jaipur]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Sikkim]]'''
| [[Sikkim High Court]]
| [[Gangtok]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Tamil Nadu]]'''
| [[Madras High Court]]
| [[Chennai]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Tripura]]'''
| [[Guwahati High Court]]
| [[Guwahati]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Uttaranchal]]'''
| [[Uttaranchal High Court]]
| [[Nainital]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[Uttar Pradesh]]'''
| [[Allahabad High Court]]
| [[Allahabad]]
|-
| bgcolor=#C1E0FF | '''[[West Bengal]]'''
| [[Calcutta High Court]]
| [[Kolkata]]
|}
</center>

==References==
* {{Web reference | title= Jurisdiction and Seats of Indian High Courts | work=Eastern Book Company | URL=http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/hcourts.htm| date=September 2 | year=2005}}
* {{Web reference | title= Judge strength in High Courts increased| work=Press Information Bureau &ndash; Govt. of India | URL=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/roct2003/30102003/r301020036.html| date=September 2 | year=2005}}
* {{Web reference | title= Judiciary| work=Supreme Court of India | URL=
http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/new_s/constitution.htm| date=September 2 | year=2005}}

[[category:High Courts of India| ]]
[[category:Indian law]]

Revision as of 15:12, 3 September 2005

The Bombay High Court in Mumbai.

India's judicial system is made up of the Supreme Court of India and twenty-one subordinate High Courts. These courts have jurisprudence over a state or a group of states. Below the High Courts are a heirachy of subordinate courts such as the civil courts, family courts, criminal courts and various other district courts.

Each state is divided into judicial districts which is presided over by a district and sessions Judge, which is the principal civil court of original jurisdiction, and can try all offences including those punishable with death. The Sessions Judge is the highest judicial authority in a district. Below him, there are courts of civil jurisdiction, known by different names in different states.

Karnataka High Court.

A High Court is headed by a Chief Justice. The Chief Justices are ranked #14 (in their state) and #17 (outside their state) in the Indian order of precedence. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that High Court, which ever is higher.

The Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in the country, established on 1862-07-02. High courts which handle a large number of cases of a particular region, have permanent benches established there. Benches are also present in states which come under the jurisdiction of a court outside its territorial limits.

High Courts

The following are the twenty-one High Courts sorted by name, year established, Act by which it was established, jurisdiction, seat of governance, benches, and the maximum number of judges sanctioned.

Court name Established Act established Jurisdiction Seat Benches Jud.
Allahabad High Court[1] 1866-06-11 High Courts Act, 1861 Uttar Pradesh Allahabad Lucknow 95
Andhra Pradesh High Court 1954-07-05 Andhra State Act, 1953 Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad   39
Bombay High Court 1862-08-14 High Courts Act, 1861 Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu Mumbai Nagpur, Panaji, Aurangabad 60
Calcutta High Court 1862-07-02 High Courts Act, 1861 West Bengal, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Calcutta Port Blair (circuit bench) 63
Chhattisgarh High Court 2000-01-11 Madhya Pradesh Re-organisation Act, 2000 Chhattisgarh Bilaspur   08
Delhi High Court[2] 1966-10-31 Delhi High Court Order, 1966 National Capital Territory of Delhi New Delhi   36
Guwahati High Court[3] 1948-03-01 Government of India Act, 1935 Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Mizoram Guwahati Kohima, Aizwal & Imphal. Circuit Bench at Agartala & Shillong 27
Gujarat High Court 1960-05-01 Bombay Re-organsisation Act, 1960 Gujarat Ahmedabad   42
Himachal Pradesh High Court 1971 State of H.P. Act, 1970 Himachal Pradesh Shimla   09
Jammu and Kashmir High Court 1943-08-28 Letters Patent issued by the Maharaja of Kashmir Jammu & Kashmir Srinagar & JammuTemplate:Mn   14
Jharkhand High Court 2000 Bihar Re-organisation Act, 2000 Jharkhand Ranchi   12
Karnataka High Court[4] 1884 Mysore High Court Act, 1884 Karnataka Bangalore   40
Kerala High Court[5] 1958 Kerala High Court Act, 1958 Kerala, Lakshadweep Ernakulam   40
Madhya Pradesh High Court[6] 1936-01-02 Government of India Act, 1935 Madhya Pradesh Jabalpur Gwalior, Indore 42
Madras High Court 1862-08-15 High Courts Act, 1861 Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry Chennai Madurai 47
Orissa High Court 1948-04-03 Orissa High Court Order, 1948 Orissa Cuttack   27
Patna High Court 1916-09-02 Government of India Act, 1915 Bihar Patna   43
Punjab and Haryana High Court[7] 1947-11-08 High Court (Punjab) Order, 1947 Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh Chandigarh   53
Rajasthan High Court 1949-06-21 Rajasthan High Court Ordinance, 1949 Rajasthan Jodhpur Jaipur 40
Sikkim High Court 1975 38th Ammendment Sikkim Gangtok   03
Uttaranchal High Court 2000 U.P. Re-organisation Act, 2000 Uttranchal Nainital   09


  • Template:Mnb Srinagar is the summer capital, Jammu is the winter capital.
  1. ^ Originally known established at Agra. Shifted to Allahabad in 1875.
  2. ^ Lahore High Court established in 1919-03-21. Jurisdiction covered undivided Punjab and Delhi. In 1947-08-11 a separate High Court of Punjab was created with its seat at Simla under the Indian Independence Act, 1947 which had jurisdiction over Punjab, Delhi and present Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. In 1966 after the reorganisation of the State of Punjab, the High Court was designated as the High Court of Punjab and Haryana. The Delhi High Court was established on 1966-10-31 with its seat at Simla.
  3. ^ Originally known as the High Court of Assam and Nagaland, renamed as Guwahati High Court in 1971 by the North East Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971.
  4. ^ Originally known as Mysore High Court, renamed as Karnataka High Court in 1973.
  5. ^ High Court established at Ernakulam by an Ordinace of 1948. This was repealed by the Travancore-Cochin High Court Act, 1949. The State then came to be known as Kerala. The Kerala High Court Act, 1958 laid down the powers, jurisdiction and authority of the Kerala High Court.
  6. ^ Under the Government of India Act, 1935 by a Letters Patent dated 2-1-1936 a High Court was established at Nagpur for the Central Provinces. After the reogansiation of states, this High Court was shifted to Jabalpur in 1956.
  7. ^ Originally known as Punjab High Court, renamed as Punjab & Haryana High Court in 1966

High Courts by state

State or UT Court City
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Calcutta High Court Kolkata
Arunachal Pradesh Guwahati High Court Guwahati
Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh High Court Hyderabad
Assam Guwahati High Court Guwahati
Bihar Patna High Court Patna
Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh High Court Bilaspur
Chandigarh Punjab and Haryana High Court Chandigarh
Dadra and Nagar Haveli Bombay High Court Mumbai
Daman and Diu Bombay High Court Mumbai
National capital territory of Delhi Delhi High Court New Delhi
Goa Bombay High Court Mumbai
Gujarat Gujarat High Court Ahmedabad
Haryana Punjab and Haryana High Court Chandigarh
Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh High Court Shimla
Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir High Court Srinagar/Jammu
Jharkhand Jharkhand High Court Ranchi
Karnataka Karnataka High Court Bangalore
Kerala Kerala High Court Ernakulam
Lakshadweep Kerala High Court Ernakulam
Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh High Court Bhopal
Maharashtra Bombay High Court Mumbai
Manipur Guwahati High Court Guwahati
Meghalaya Guwahati High Court Guwahati
Mizoram Guwahati High Court Guwahati
Nagaland Guwahati High Court Guwahati
Orissa Orissa High Court Cuttack
Pondicherry Madras High Court Chennai
Punjab Punjab and Haryana High Court Chandigarh
Rajasthan Rajasthan High Court Jaipur
Sikkim Sikkim High Court Gangtok
Tamil Nadu Madras High Court Chennai
Tripura Guwahati High Court Guwahati
Uttaranchal Uttaranchal High Court Nainital
Uttar Pradesh Allahabad High Court Allahabad
West Bengal Calcutta High Court Kolkata

References

  • "Jurisdiction and Seats of Indian High Courts". Eastern Book Company. September 2. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  • "Judge strength in High Courts increased". Press Information Bureau – Govt. of India. September 2. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  • "Judiciary". Supreme Court of India. September 2. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
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