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*''StarHorse3 Season I: A New Legend Begins'' - $40.8 million<ref group="n" name="StarHorse3"/>
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*''Starhorse2'' - $61.61 million million<ref group="n" name="StarHorse2Inflation"/>
*''StarHorse3 Season I: A New Legend Begins'' - $41.61 million<ref name="cpi_inflation"/>
*''StarHorse3 Season I: A New Legend Begins'' - $41.61 million<ref name="cpi_inflation"/>

Revision as of 14:53, 22 April 2012

"Coin-op" redirects here. For other coin-operated machines, see Vending machine.
For other uses, see Arcade (disambiguation).
Video games
Platforms
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Lists
Development

An arcade game is played on a coin-operated entertainment machine, usually installed in public businesses, such as restaurants, bars, and particularly amusement arcades. Most arcade games are video games, pinball machines, electro-mechanical games, redemption games, and merchandisers (such as claw cranes).

The golden age of arcade video games was from the late 1970s to the 1980s. While arcade games were still relatively popular during the 1990s, this type of media saw a continuous decline in popularity in the Western world when video game consoles made the transition from 2D to 3D. Despite this, arcades remain popular in Asia through to the present day.

The term "arcade game" is also, in recent times, used to refer to a video game that was designed to look like a classic arcade game (adopting an isometric view, 2D graphics, scores, lives, etc.) but instead released on platforms such as XBLA or PC.

History

The first popular "arcade games" were early amusement park midway games such as shooting galleries, ball toss games, and the earliest coin-operated machines, such as those that claim to tell a person their fortune or played mechanical music. The old midways of 1920s-era amusement parks (such as Coney Island in New York) provided the inspiration and atmosphere of later arcade games.

In the 1930s, the earliest coin-operated pinball machines were made. These early amusement devices were distinct from their later electronic cousins in that they were made of wood, did not have plungers or lit-up bonus surfaces on the playing field, and used mechanical instead of electronic scoring readouts. By around 1977, most pinball machines in production switched to using solid state electronics for both operation and scoring.[1]

Electro-mechanical games

In 1966, Sega introduced an electro-mechanical arcade game called Periscope.[2] It was an early submarine simulator and light gun shooter,[3] which used lights and plastic waves to simulate sinking ships from a submarine.[4] It became a worldwide success in Japan, Europe, and North America,[5] where it was the first arcade game to cost a quarter per play,[2] which would remain the standard price for arcade games for many years to come.[5] In 1967, Taito released an electro-mechanical arcade game of their own, Crown Soccer Special, a two-player sports game that simulated association football, using various electronic components, including electronic versions of pinball flippers.[6]

Sega later produced gun games which resemble first-person shooter video games, but were in fact electro-mechanical games that used rear image projection in a manner similar to the ancient zoetrope to produce moving animations on a screen.[7] The first of these was the light gun game Duck Hunt,[8] which Sega released in 1969;[9] it featured animated moving targets on a screen, printed out the player's score on a ticket, and had sound effects that were volume controllable.[8] That same year, Sega released an electro-mechanical arcade racing game Grand Prix, which had a first-person view, electronic sound, a dashboard with a racing wheel and accelerator,[10] and a forward-scrolling road projected on a screen.[11] Another Sega release that year was Missile, a shooter and vehicle combat simulation that featured electronic sound and a moving film strip to represent the targets on a projection screen. It was also the earliest known arcade game to feature a joystick with a fire button, which was used as part of an early dual-control scheme, where two directional buttons are used to move the player's tank and a two-way joystick is used to shoot and steer the missile onto oncoming planes displayed on the screen; when a plane is hit, an explosion is animated on screen along with an explosion sound.[12] In 1970,[13] the game was released in North America as S.A.M.I. by Midway.[12] That same year, Sega released Jet Rocket, a combat flight simulator featuring cockpit controls that could move the player aircraft around a landscape displayed on a screen and shoot missiles onto targets that explode when hit.[14]

Throughout the 1970s, electro-mechanical arcade games were gradually replaced by electronic video games, following the release of Pong in 1972.[15] In 1972, Sega released an electro-mechanical game called Killer Shark, a first-person light gun shooter known for appearing in the 1975 film Jaws.[7] In 1974, Nintendo released Wild Gunman, a light gun shooter that used full-motion video projection from 16 mm film to display live-action cowboy opponents on the screen.[16] One of the last successful electro-mechanical arcade games was F-1, a racing game developed by Namco and distributed by Atari in 1976;[17] the game was shown in the films Dawn of the Dead (1978)[18] and Midnight Madness (1980), as was Sega's Jet Rocket in the latter film. The 1978 video game Space Invaders, however, dealt a yet more powerful blow to the popularity of electro-mechanical games.[19]

Arcade video games

See also: Timeline of arcade video game history
Part of a series on the
History of video games
Early history
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Arcade video games
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In 1971, students at Stanford University set up the Galaxy Game, a coin-operated version of the Spacewar video game. This is the earliest known instance of a coin-operated video game. Later in the same year, Nolan Bushnell created the first mass-manufactured such game, Computer Space, for Nutting Associates.

In 1972, Atari was formed by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney. Atari essentially created the coin-operated video game industry with the game Pong, the first seuccessful electronic ping pong video game. Pong proved to be popular, but imitators helped keep Atari from dominating the fledgling coin-operated video game market.

Golden age

Main article: Golden age of arcade video games

Taito's Space Invaders in 1978 proved to be a mainstream success and is now regarded as the first blockbuster arcade video game.[20] Its success marked the beginning of the golden age of arcade video games. Video game arcades sprang up in shopping malls, and small "corner arcades" appeared in restaurants, grocery stores, bars and movie theaters all over the United States, Japan and other countries during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Space Invaders (1978), Galaxian (1979), Pac-Man (1980), Battlezone (1980) and Donkey Kong (1981) were especially popular. By 1981, the arcade video game industry was worth $8 billion.[21]

During the late 1970s and 1980s, chains such as Chuck E. Cheese's, Ground Round, Dave and Busters, and Gatti's Pizza combined the traditional restaurant and/or bar environment with arcades.[22] By the late-1980s, the arcade video game craze was beginning to fade due to advances in home video game console technology. By 1991, US arcade video game revenues had fallen to $2.1 billion.[23]

Resurgence

In the early 1990s, the arcades experienced a major resurgence with the 1991 release of Capcom's Street Fighter II,[24] which popularized competitive fighting games and revived the arcade industry to a level of popularity not seen since the days of Pac-Man.[25] Its success led to a wave of other popular fighting games, such as Mortal Kombat by Midway Games,[26] Fatal Fury: King of Fighters (1992) by SNK, Killer Instinct (1994) by Rare, and The King of Fighters (1994–2005) by SNK. Arcade video games thus experienced a resurgence with the advent of two-player fighting games.

Following the rise of 3D graphics in the early-mid 1990s, racing games[25] and light gun shooters[27] would also gain considerable popularity in the arcades.[25] By 1994, arcade games in the United States were generating revenues of $7 billion[28] in quarters (equivalent to $11 billion in 2011),[29] in comparison to home console game sales of $6 billion,[28] with many of the best-selling home video games in the early 1990s often being arcade ports.[30] Combined, total arcade and console game revenues in 1994 was nearly two and a half times the $5 billion revenue grossed by movies in the United States at the time.[28]

Around the mid-1990s, the fifth-generation consoles, Sega Saturn, PlayStation, and Nintendo 64, began offering true 3D graphics. By 1996, personal computers soon followed with 3D accelerator cards. While arcade systems such as the Sega Model 3 remained more advanced than home systems,[31] consoles and computers began approaching technological parity with arcade equipment—arcade games had always been based on commodity technology, but their advantage over previous generations of home system was in their ability to customize and use the latest graphics and sound chips, much as PC games of today do. Declines in arcade sales volume meant that this approach was no longer cost-effective. By 1998, Sega's 128-bit console, the Dreamcast, could produce 3D graphics on-par with arcade machines at the time.

Decline

Arcade video games had declined in popularity by the late 1990s, with revenues in the United States dropping to $1.33 billion in 1999,[32] and eventually reaching a low of $866 million in 2004.[33] Furthermore, by the late 1990s and early 2000s, networked gaming via computers and then consoles across the Internet had also appeared,[34] replacing the venue of head to head competition and social atmosphere once provided solely by arcades.[35]

The arcades also lost their status as the forefront of new game releases. Given the choice between playing a game at an arcade three or four times (perhaps 15 minutes of play for a typical arcade game), and renting, at about the same price, exactly the same game—for a video game console—the console became the preferred choice. Fighting games were the most attractive feature for arcades, since they offered the prospect of face-to-face competition and tournaments, which correspondingly led players to practice more (and spend more money in the arcade), but they could not support the business all by themselves.

Recent 20th anniversary arcade machine, combining two classic video games.

To remain viable, arcades added other elements to complement the video games such as redemption games, merchandisers, and food service. Referred to as "fun centers" or "family fun centers",[36] some of the longstanding chains such as Chuck E. Cheese's and Gatti's Pizza ("GattiTowns")[37] also changed to this format. Many old video game arcades have long since closed, and classic coin-operated games have become largely the province of dedicated hobbyists.

Today

Today's arcades have found a niche in games that use special controllers largely inaccessible to home users. An alternative interpretation (one that includes fighting games, which continue to thrive and require no special controller) is that the arcade game is now a more socially-oriented hangout, with games that focus on an individual's performance, rather than the game's content, as the primary form of novelty. Examples of today's popular genres are rhythm games such as Dance Dance Revolution (1998) and DrumMania (1999), and rail shooters such as Virtua Cop (1994), Time Crisis and House of the Dead (1996).

In the Western world, the arcade video game industry still exists today but in a greatly reduced form. Video arcade game hardware is often based on home game consoles to facilitate porting a video arcade game to a home system; there are video arcade versions of Dreamcast (NAOMI, Atomiswave), PlayStation 2 (System 246), Nintendo GameCube (Triforce), and Microsoft Xbox (Chihiro) home consoles. Some arcades have survived by expanding into ticket-based prize redemption and more physical games with no home console equivalent, such as skee ball and whack-a-mole. Some genres, particularly dancing and rhythm games (such as Konami's Dance Dance Revolution), continue to be popular in arcades.

In the Japanese gaming industry, on the other hand, arcades have remained popular through to the present day. As of 2009, out of Japan's $20 billion gaming market, $6 billion of that amount is generated from arcades, which represent the largest sector of the Japanese video game market, followed by home console games and mobile games at $3.5 billion and $2 billion, respectively.[38] In 2005, arcade ownership and operation accounted for a majority of Namco's revenues, for example.[39] However, due to the country's economic recession, the Japanese arcade industry has also been steadily declining, from ¥702.9 billion ($8.7 million) in 2007 to ¥504.3 billion ($6.2 billion) in 2010.[40]

Worldwide, arcade game revenues gradually increased from $1.8 billion in 1998 to $3.2 billion in 2002, rivalling PC game sales of $3.2 billion that same year.[41] In particular, arcade video games are a thriving industry in China, where arcades are widespread across the country.[42] The US market has also experienced a slight resurgence, with the number of video game arcades across the nation increasing from 2,500 in 2003 to 3,500 in 2008, though this is significantly less than the 10,000 arcades in the early 1980s. As of 2009, a successful arcade game usually sells around 4000 to 6000 units worldwide.[43]

The relative simplicity yet solid gameplay of many of these early games has inspired a new generation of fans who can play them on mobile phones or with emulators such as MAME. Some classic arcade games are reappearing in commercial settings, such as Namco's Ms. Pac-Man 20 Year Reunion / Galaga Class of 1981 two-in-one game,[44] or integrated directly into controller hardware (joysticks) with replaceable flash drives storing game ROMs. Arcade classics have also been reappearing as mobile games, with Pac-Man in particular selling over 30 million downloads in the United States by 2010.[45]

Technology

Inside of a Neo Geo

Virtually all modern arcade games (other than the very traditional midway-type games at county fairs) make extensive use of solid state electronics and integrated circuits. In the past coin-operated arcade video games generally used custom per-game hardware often with multiple CPUs, highly specialized sound and graphics chips, and the latest in computer graphics display technology. Recent arcade game hardware is often based on modified video game console hardware or high-end PC components.

Arcade games frequently have more immersive and realistic game controls than either PC or console games, including specialized ambiance or control accessories: Fully enclosed dynamic cabinets with force feedback controls, dedicated lightguns, rear-projection displays, reproductions of automobile or airplane cockpits, motorcycle or horse-shaped controllers, or highly dedicated controllers such as dancing mats and fishing rods. These accessories are usually what set modern video games apart from other games, as they are usually too bulky, expensive, and specialized to be used with typical home PCs and consoles.

Arcade genre

Arcade games often have very short levels, simple and intuitive control schemes, and rapidly increasing difficulty. This is due to the environment of the Arcade, where the player is essentially renting the game for as long as their in-game avatar can stay alive (or until they run out of tokens).

Games on consoles or PCs can be referred to as "arcade games" if they share these qualities or are direct ports of arcade titles. Many independent developers are now producing games in the arcade genre that are designed specifically for use on the Internet. These games are usually designed with Flash/Java/DHTML and run directly in web-browsers.

Arcade racing games have a simplified physics engine and do not require much learning time when compared with racing simulators. Cars can turn sharply without braking or understeer, and the AI rivals are sometimes programmed so they are always near the player (rubberband effect).

Arcade flight games also use simplified physics and controls in comparison to flight simulators. These are meant to have an easy learning curve, in order to preserve their action component. Increasing numbers of console flight video games, from Crimson Skies to Ace Combat and Secret Weapons Over Normandy indicate the falling of manual-heavy flight sim popularity in favor of instant arcade flight action.[46]

Emulation

Main article: Arcade emulator

Emulators such as MAME, which can be run on modern computers and a number of other devices, aim to preserve the games of the past.

Legitimate emulated titles started to appear on the Sony PlayStation and Sega Saturn, with CD-ROM compilations such as Arcade's Greatest Hits: The Atari Collection 1, and on the PlayStation 2 and GameCube with DVD-ROM titles such as Midway Arcade Treasures.

Arcade games are currently being downloaded and emulated through the Nintendo Wii Virtual Console Service starting in 2009 with Gaplus, Mappy, Space Harrier, Star Force, The Tower of Druaga, Tecmo Bowl, Altered Beast and many more. Other classic arcade games such as Asteroids, Tron, Discs of Tron, Yie Ar Kung-Fu, Pac-Man, Joust, Battlezone, Dig Dug, Robotron: 2084, and Missile Command are emulated on PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Arcade.

Locations

In addition to restaurants and video arcades, arcade games are also found in bowling alleys, college campuses, dormitories, laundromats, movie theatres, supermarkets, shopping malls, airports, ice rinks, corner shops, truck stops, bar/pubs, hotels, and even bakeries. In short, arcade games are popular in places open to the public where people are likely to have free time.

List of highest-grossing arcade video games

See also: List of best-selling video games and Golden age of arcade video games

For arcade games, success was usually judged by either the number of arcade hardware units sold to operators, or the amount of revenue generated, from the number of coins (such as quarters or 100 yen coins) inserted into machines,[47] and/or the hardware sales (with arcade hardware prices often ranging from $1000 to $4000). This list only includes arcade games that have either sold more than 1000 hardware units or generated a revenue of more than US$1 million. Most of the games in this list date back to the golden age of arcade video games, though some are also from before and after the golden age.

Game Release year Hardware units sold Gross revenue
(USD without inflation) 		Gross revenue
(USD with 2012 inflation)[29]
Pac-Man 1980 400,000 (as of 1982)[48] $3.5 billion (as of 1999)[n 1] $7.61 billion[n 2]
Space Invaders 1978 360,000 (as of 1980)[49] $2.702 billion (as of 1982)[n 3] $7.25 billion[n 4]
Street Fighter II
(includes The World Warrior and Champion Edition) 		1991 200,000 (as of 1992)
(The World Warrior and Champion Edition)[n 5] 		$1.5 billion (as of 1993)[52] $2.4 billion
Street Fighter II': Champion Edition 1992 140,000 (in Japan as of 1992)[50] $182 million (as of 1992)
(Japan hardware sales)[50] 		$323.3 million[n 6]
(Japan hardware sales)
Donkey Kong 1981 132,000 (as of 1982)[n 7] $280 million (as of 1982)
(US hardware sales)[55] 		$684 million[n 8]
(US hardware sales)
Ms. Pac-Man 1981 125,000 (as of 1988)[56][57]
Asteroids 1979 100,000 (as of 2001)[58][57] $800 million (as of 1991)[59][60] $1.3 billion
Street Fighter II: The World Warrior 1991 60,000[51] (as of 1992)
Defender 1981 60,000 (as of 2002)[61][62] $1 billion (as of 2002)[63][64] $1.2 billion
Galaxian 1979 40,000 (in the US as of 1982)[65][66]
Donkey Kong Jr. 1982 30,000 (in the US as of 1982)[n 7]
Mr. Do! 1982 30,000 (in the US as of 1982)[67]
Mortal Kombat II 1993 27,000 (as of 2002)[26]
Mortal Kombat 1992 24,000 (as of 2002)[26] $570 million (as of 2002)[26] $718 million
Centipede 1981 55,988 (as of 1991)[68] $115.65 million (as of 1991)[68] $193.31 million
Dragon's Lair 1983 16,000 (as of 1983)[69][70] $68.8 million (as of 1983)[69][71] $157.26 million
Tempest 1981 29,000 (as of 1983)[72] $62.408 million (as of 1983)[68] $142.65 million
World Club Champion Football: Intercontinental Clubs 2008 858 (as of 2009)
(Intercontinental Clubs 2008-2009)[73] 		$137.21 million (as of 2011)[n 9] $141.59 million[n 10]
Q*bert 1982 25,000 (as of 2001)[77]
Robotron: 2084 1982 23,000 (as of 1983)[72]
Pole Position 1982 21,000 (in the US as of 1983)[72] $60.933 million (as of 1983)[68][72]
(US hardware sales) 		$139.28 million
(US hardware sales)
Popeye 1982 20,000 (in the US as of 1982)[54]
Out Run 1986 20,000 (as of 1987)[78]
Dig Dug 1982 22,228[68] (in the US as of 1983)[79] $46.3 million (as of 1983)[68]
(US hardware sales) 		$105.83 million
(US hardware sales)
Jungle Hunt 1982 18,000 (in the US as of 1983)[79]
Stargate 1983 15,000 (as of 1983)[72]
Space Duel 1982 12,038 (as of 1991)[68]
Hang-On 1985 7,500 (as of 1985)[80]
Donkey Kong 3 1983 5,000 (in the US as of 1982)[n 7]
Tron 1982 800 (in the US as of 1982)[81] $45 million (as of 1983)[82] $102 million
Border Break 2009 2,998 (as of 2009)[73] $86.41 million (as of 2011)[n 11] $89.44 million[n 12]
Sengoku Taisen 2010 $79.1 million (as of 2011)[n 13] $80.7 million
Asteroids Deluxe 1981 22,399 (as of 1999)[83] $46.1 million (as of 1999)[83] $63 million
Pump It Up 1999 20,000 (as of 2005)[84]
Mahjong Fight Club 3 2004 13,000 (as of 2004)[85]
Dance Dance Revolution 1998 3,500 (in Japan as of 1999)[86]
Samba de Amigo 1999 3,000 (as of 2000)[87] $47.11 million (as of 2000)[n 14] $62.76 million
StarHorse2 2009 10,657 (as of 2009)
(StarHorse2: Fifth Expansion)[73] 		$59.321 million (as of 2011)[n 15] $61.61 million[n 16]
Missile Command 1980 19,999 (as of 2010)[88] $36.8 million (as of 1991)[83] $61.5 million
Snake Pit 1983 9,000 (as of 1983)[89]
Big Buck Hunter Pro 2006 7,500 (as of 2007)[90]
Bagman 1983 5,000 (in the US as of 1983)[79]
Mario Bros. 1983 3,800 (in the US as of 1983)[72]
Zoo Keeper 1982 3,000 (in the US as of 1983)[79]
Shining Force Cross 2009 2,389 (as of 2009)[73]
Pengo 1982 2,000 (in the US as of 1983)[79]
Sangokushi Taisen 3 2007 $54.4 million (as of 2011)[n 17] $56.2 million[n 18]
Pong 1972 8,500–19,000[91][92] $11 million (as of 1973)[93] $56 million
Sega Network Mahjong MJ4 2008 $47 million (as of 2010)[n 19] $49.44 million
Kangaroo 1982 9,803[68] (as of 1983)[79] $20.58 million (as of 1983)
(US hardware sales)[68] 		$47.04 million
(US hardware sales)
Hard Drivin' 1989 3,318 (as of 1989)[68] $22.9 million (as of 1989)[68] $42 million
StarHorse3 Season I: A New Legend Begins 2011 $40.8 million (as of 2011)[n 20] $41.61 million
Gauntlet 1985 7,848 (as of 1985)[68] $18.01 million (as of 1985)[68] $38.11 million
Millipede 1982 9,990 (as of 1991)[68] $20.669 million (as of 1991)[68] $34.55 million
Sega Network Mahjong MJ5 2011 $33.4 million (as of 2011)[n 21] $34.06 million
Race Drivin' 1990 3,525 (as of 1991)[68] $20.03 million (as of 1991)[68] $33.48 million
Time Traveler 1991 $18 million (as of 1991)[71] $30 million
Space Ace 1984 $13 million (as of 1984)[71] $28 million
Lunar Lander 1979 4,830 (as of 1979)[83] $8.19 million (as of 1979)[83] $25.68 million
Xevious 1982 5,295 (in the US as of 1983)[68] $11.1 million (as of 1983)[68]
(US hardware sales) 		$25.4 million
(US hardware sales)
Atari Football 1978 11,306 (as of 1999)[83] $17.266 million (as of 1999)[83] $23.59 million
Final Lap 1987 1,150 (in the US as of 1983)[68] $9.5 million (as of 1988)[68]
(US hardware sales) 		$18.42 million
(US hardware sales)
Paperboy 1984 3,442 (as of 1985)[68] $8.6 million (as of 1985)[68] $18.2 million
Star Wars 1983 12,695 (as of 1983)[68] $7.595 million (as of 1983)[68] $17.49 million
Beatmania 1997 25,000 (as of 2000)[94] $12.4 million (as of 1998)
(Japan hardware sales)[n 22] 		$17.45 million
(Japan hardware sales)
Sprint 2 1976 8,200 (as of 1999)[83] $12.669 million (as of 1999)[83] $17.31 million
Championship Sprint 1986 3,595 (as of 1986)[68] $8.26 million (as of 1986)[68] $17.16 million
Pole Position II 1983 2,400 (in the US as of 1983)[68] $7.43 million (as of 1983)[68]
(US hardware sales) 		$16.98 million
(US hardware sales)
Breakout 1976 11,000 (as of 1999)[83] $12.045 million (as of 1999)[83] $16.46 million
Sea Wolf 1976 10,000 (as of 2000)[95]
Super Sprint 1986 2,232 (as of 1999)[83] $7.8 million (as of 1999)[83] $10.66 million
Marble Madness 1984 4,000 (as of 1985)[96] $6.3 million (as of 1991)[68] $10.5 million
Sea Wolf II 1978 4,000 (as of 2000)[97]
Rolling Thunder 1986 2,406 (in the US as of 1987)[68] $4.8 million (as of 1987)[68]
(US hardware sales) 		$9.62 million
(US hardware sales)
Tetris 1989 5,771 (in the US as of 1989)[68] $5.2 million (as of 1989)[68]
(US hardware sales) 		$9.55 million
(US hardware sales)
Gun Fight 1975 2,000+ (as of 1976)[98]
Blasteroids 1987 2,000 (as of 1988)[68] $4.69 million (as of 1988)[68] $9.03 million
Arabian 1983 1,950 (in the US as of 1983)[79] $3.9 million (as of 1983)[68]
(US hardware sales) 		$8.91 million
(US hardware sales)
Super Breakout 1978 4,805 (as of 1999)[83] $5.7 million (as of 1999)[83] $7.79 million
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom 1985 2,825 (as of 1985)[68] $3.2 million (as of 1985)[68] $6.77 million
Pac-Mania 1987 1,412 (in the US as of 1987)[68] $2.82 million (as of 1987)[68]
(US hardware sales) 		$5.65 million
(US hardware sales)
Radar Scope 1980 1,000 (in the US as of 1980)[99]
Four Trax 1989 205 (in the US & EU as of 1989)[68] $2.9 million (as of 1989)[68]
(US & EU hardware sales) 		$5.32 million
(US & EU hardware sales)
Gauntlet II 1986 3,520 (as of 1986)[68] $2.4 million (as of 1986)[68] $5 million
Assault 1988 1,079 (in the US as of 1988)[68] $2.5 million (as of 1988)[68]
(US hardware sales) 		$4.81 million
(US hardware sales)
Drag Race 1977 1,900 (as of 1999)[83] $2.8 million (as of 1999)[83] $3.8 million
Star Wars: Return of the Jedi 1984 800 (as of 1984)[68] $1.68 million (as of 1984)[68] $3.68 million
Night Driver 1976 2,100 (as of 1999)[83] $2.4675 million (as of 1999)[83] $3.37 million
I, Robot 1984 750-1,000[68][100] $1.5 million (as of 1984)[68] $3.29 million
R.B.I. Baseball 1987 3,945 (in the US as of 1987)[68] $1.6 million (as of 1987)[68]
(US hardware sales) 		$3.21 million
(US hardware sales)
Computer Space 1971 1,500–2,000 (as of 1984)[101][102]
Death Race 1976 1,000 (as of 1976)[98]
Dunk Shot 1986 556 (in the US as of 1987)[68] $1.4 million (as of 1987)[68]
(US hardware sales) 		$2.81 million
(US hardware sales)
Dragon Spirit 1987 600 (in the US as of 1987)[68] $1.2 million (as of 1987)[68]
(US hardware sales) 		$2.4 million
(US hardware sales)
Triple Hunt 1977 865 (as of 1999)[83] $1.2 million (as of 1999)[83] $1.6 million

Best-selling arcade video game franchises

See also: List of best-selling video game franchises

These are the combined hardware sales of at least two or more arcade games that are part of the same franchise. This list only includes franchises that have sold at least 5000 hardware units or grossed at least $10 million revenues.

Franchise Original release year Total hardware units sold Gross revenue
(USD without inflation) 		Gross revenue
(USD with 2012 inflation)[29]
Pac-Man 1980 526,412 (as of 1988)[n 23] $3.503 billion (as of 1999)[n 24] $7.616 billion[n 25]
Street Fighter 1987 500,000 (as of 2002)[103][104] $1.5 billion (as of 1993)
(Street Fighter II)[52] 		$2.4 billion
(Street Fighter II)
Space Invaders 1978 360,000 (as of 1980)[49] $2.702 billion (as of 1982)[n 3] $7.25 billion[n 4]
Mario 1981 170,800 (as of 1983)[n 26] $280 million (as of 1982)
(US hardware sales)[55] 		$684 million[n 8]
(US hardware sales)
Donkey Kong 1981 167,000 (as of 1983)[n 7] $280 million (as of 1982)
(US hardware sales)[55] 		$684 million[n 8]
(US hardware sales)
Asteroids 1979 136,437 (as of 1999)[n 27] $850.79 million (as of 1999)[n 28] $1.37 billion[n 29]
Golden Tee Golf 1989 100,000 (as of 2011)[105]
Defender 1981 75,000 (as of 2002)[n 30] $1 billion (as of 2002)[63] $1.2 billion
Centipede 1981 65,978 (as of 1991)[n 31] $136.3 million (as of 1991)[n 32] $227.86 million[n 33]
Mortal Kombat 1993 51,000 (as of 2002)[26] $1 billion (as of 1995)[106] $1.5 billion
Galaxian 1979 40,986 (in the US as of 1988)[n 34]
e-Amusement 2002 32,000 (as of 2004)[107]
Bemani 1997 28,500 (as of 2000)[n 35] $12.4 million (as of 1998)
(Japan hardware sales)[n 22] 		$17.45 million
(Japan hardware sales)
Pole Position 1982 24,550 (in the US as of 1983)[n 36] $77.9 million (as of 1988)
(US hardware sales)[n 37] 		$174.7 million
(US hardware sales)[n 38]
Big Buck Hunter 2000 22,500 (as of 2007)[90]
Pump It Up 1999 20,000 (as of 2005)[84]
Sangokushi Taisen 2005 $133.5 million (as of 2011)[n 39] $136.9 million[n 40]
Sega Network Mahjong MJ 2000 $82.84 million (as of 2011)[n 41] $103.22 million[n 42]
Pong 1972 8500–19,000[91][92] $11 million (as of 1973)[93] $56 million
Breakout 1976 15,805 (as of 1999)[83] $17.745 million (as of 1999)[83] $24.25 million
Star Wars 1983 14,039 (as of 1991)[68] $9.275 million (as of 1983)[68] $21.17 million
Sprint 1976 14,027 (as of 1999)[83] $28.729 million (as of 1999)[83] $45.13 million
Sea Wolf 1976 14,000 (as of 2000)[95]
Gauntlet 1985 11,368 (as of 1991)[68] $20.41 million (as of 1985)[68] $43.11 million
Starhorse 2000 10,657 (as of 2009)
(StarHorse2: Fifth Expansion)[73] 		$100.121 million (as of 2011)[n 43] $103.22 million[n 44]
Hard Drivin' 1989 6,843 (as of 1991)[68] $42.93 million (as of 1991)[68] $75.48 million
Xevious 1982 5,295 (in the US as of 1983)[68]
Samba de Amigo 1999 3,000 (as of 2000)[87] $47.11 million (as of 2000)[n 14] $62.76 million
Border Break 2009 2,998 (as of 2009)[73] $86.41 million (as of 2011)[n 11] $89.44 million[n 12]
World Club Champion Football 2002 858 (as of 2009)
(Intercontinental Clubs 2008-2009)[73] 		$137.21 million (as of 2011)
(Intercontinental Clubs)[n 9] 		$141.59 million
(Intercontinental Clubs)[n 10]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b Pac-Man:
    • Estimated 10 billion quarters ($2.5 billion) by 1999:
      • Chris Morris (May 10, 2005). "Pac Man turns 25: A pizza dinner yields a cultural phenomenon - and millions of dollars in quarters". CNN. Retrieved 2011-04-23. In the late 1990s, Twin Galaxies, which tracks video game world record scores, visited used game auctions and counted how many times the average Pac Man machine had been played. Based on those findings and the total number of machines that were manufactured, the organization said it believed the game had been played more than 10 billion times in the 20th century.
      • Mark J. P. Wolf (2008), The video game explosion: a history from PONG to Playstation and beyond, ABC-CLIO, p. 73, ISBN 0-313-33868-X, retrieved 2011-04-10, It would go on to become arguably the most famous video game of all time, with the arcade game alone taking in more than a billion dollars, and one study estimated that it had been played more than 10 billion times during the twentieth century.
    • Estimated 7 billion coins (7 billion quarters / $1.75 billion) by 1982.[48]
    • $1 billion cabinet sales by 1982:
    • $1 billion revenue in 1980:
  2. ^ a b Inflation:[29]
    • $1 billion revenue in 1980: $2.75 in 2012
    • Additional $1.75 billion revenue in 1982: $4.11 billion in 2012
    • Additional 3 billion quarters / $0.75 billion in 1999: $1.02 billion in 2012
  3. ^ a b Space Invaders:
  4. ^ a b Inflation:[29]
    • $600 million Japan cabinet sales in 1978: $2.09 billion in 2012
    • $102 million US cabinet sales in 1979: $318.45 million in 2012
    • $1 billion (4 billion quarters) in 1981: $2.49 billion in 2012
    • Additional $1 billion (4 billion quarters) in 1982: $2.35 billion in 2012
  5. ^ Street Fighter II:
  6. ^ Street Fighter II': Champion Edition
  7. ^ a b c d e Donkey Kong:
    • Japan: 65,000 of Donkey Kong
      • Brian Ashcraft ; with Jean Snow. ; forewords by Kevin Williams (2008). "sixty-five+thousand" Arcade Mania: The Turbo-charged World of Japan's Game Centers (1st ed. ed.). Tokyo: Kodansha International. ISBN 4-7700-3078-9. Retrieved 12 February 2012. Jumpman hopped over barrels, climbed ladders, and jumped from suspended platform to suspended platform as he tried to rescue a damsel from his pissed-off pet gorilla. The game was a smash, and sixty-five thousand cabinets were sold in Japan, propping up the then-struggling Nintendo and laying the groundwork for Nintendo and Donkey Kong creator Shigeru Miyamoto to dominate gaming throughout the 1980s and beyond. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
    • United States: 67,000 of Donkey Kong
      • Bienaimé, Pierre (January 13, 2012). "Square Roots: Donkey Kong (NES)". Nintendojo. Retrieved 8 April 2012. Donkey Kong sold some 67,000 arcade cabinets in two years, making two of its American distributors sudden millionaires thanks to paid commission. As a barometer of success, know that Pac-Man and Ms. Pac-Man are the only arcade games to have sold over 100,000 units in the United States.
    • United States: 30,000 of Donkey Kong Jr. and 5000 of Donkey Kong 3.[54]
  8. ^ a b c Inflation:[29]
    • $180 million in 1981: $448.84 million in 2012
    • $100 million in 1982: $234.89 million in 2012
  9. ^ a b World Club Champion Football: Intercontinental Clubs
    • Fiscal year ended March 31, 2010: ¥4.2 billion[74]
    • Fiscal year ended March 31, 2011: ¥3.8 billion[75]
    • Nine months ended December 31, 2011: ¥3.1 billion[76]
    • Currency conversion:[53]
      • ¥4.2 billion = $51.9159 million
      • ¥3.8 billion = $46.9716 million
      • ¥3.1 billion = $38.3189 million
  10. ^ a b Inflation:[29]
    • $51.9159 million in 2010 = $54.61 million in 2012
    • $46.9716 million in 2011 = $47.9 million in 2012
    • $38.3189 million in 2011 = $39.08 million in 2012
  11. ^ a b Border Break:
  12. ^ a b Inflation:[29]
    • $40.7317 million in 2010 = $42.85 million in 2012
    • $30.8542 million in 2011 = $31.47 million in 2012
    • $14.8237 million in 2011 = $15.12 million in 2012
  13. ^ a b Fiscal year ended March 31, 2011: ¥6.4 billion[75]
    • Currency conversion: $79.1 million[53]
  14. ^ a b Samba de Amigo: ¥3.84 billion
    • Currency conversion: $47.11 million[53]
  15. ^ a b StarHorse2: Fifth Expansion
    • Fiscal year ended March 31, 2010: ¥2.8 billion[74]
    • Fiscal year ended March 31, 2011: ¥2 billion[75]
    • Currency conversion:[53]
      • ¥2.8 billion = $34.6039 million
      • ¥2 billion = $24.7171 million
  16. ^ a b Inflation:[29]
    • $34.6039 million in 2010 = $36.4 million in 2012
    • $24.7171 million in 2011 = $25.21 million in 2012
  17. ^ a b Sangokushi Taisen 3:
    • Fiscal year ended March 31, 2010: ¥1.8 billion[74]
    • Fiscal year ended March 31, 2011: ¥2.6 billion[75]
    • Currency conversion:[53]
      • ¥1.8 billion = $22.2401 million
      • ¥2.6 billion = $32.1248 million
  18. ^ a b Inflation:[29]
    • $22.2401 million in 2010 = $23.4 million in 2012
    • $32.1248 million in 2011 = $32.76 million in 2012
  19. ^ a b Fiscal year ended March 31, 2010: ¥3.8 billion[74]
    • Currency conversion: $47 million[53]
  20. ^ a b Nine months ended December 31, 2011: ¥3.3 billion[76]
    • ¥3.3 billion = $40.8 million[53]
  21. ^ a b Nine months ended December 31, 2011: ¥2.7 billion[76]
    • Currency conversion: $33.4 million[53]
  22. ^ a b Beatmania:
    • ¥1 billion in May 1998[86]
    • Yen-Dollar currency conversion: $12.4 million[53]
  23. ^ Pac-Man series:
  24. ^ Pac-Man series:
  25. ^ Pac-Man series:
  26. ^ Mario series:
  27. ^ Asteroids series:
  28. ^ Asteroids series:
  29. ^ Asteroids series:[29]
  30. ^ Defender series:
  31. ^ Centipede series:[68][72] Millipede: 9,990
  32. ^ Centipede series:[68] Millipede: $20.669 million
  33. ^ Centipede series:[68] Millipede: $34.55 million
  34. ^ Galaxian series:
  35. ^ Bemani series, sales:
  36. ^ Pole Position series US sales:
  37. ^ Pole Position series US sales:[68][72]
  38. ^ Pole Position series US sales with 2012 inflation:[29]
  39. ^ Sangokushi Taisen series, 2009-2011:
    • Sangokushi Taisen 3: $54.4 million[n 17]
    • Sengoku Taisen: $79.1 million[n 13]
  40. ^ Sangokushi Taisen series inflation:
    • Sangokushi Taisen 3: $56.2 million million[n 18]
    • Sengoku Taisen: $80.7 million[29]
  41. ^ Sega Network Mahjong MJ series, 2009-2011:
    • Sega Network Mahjong MJ4: $49.44 million[n 19]
    • Sega Network Mahjong MJ5: $33.4 million[n 21]
  42. ^ Sega Network Mahjong MJ series, inflation:[29]
    • Sega Network Mahjong MJ4: $49.44 million
    • Sega Network Mahjong MJ5: $34.06 million
  43. ^ Starhorse series, 2009-2011:
    • Starhorse2 - $59.321 million[n 15]
    • StarHorse3 Season I: A New Legend Begins - $40.8 million[n 20]
  44. ^ StarHorse series, inflation:
    • Starhorse2 - $61.61 million million[n 16]
    • StarHorse3 Season I: A New Legend Begins - $41.61 million[29]

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  88. ^ Fulton, Jeff Fulton, Steve (2010). "A short history of Missile Command". The essential guide to Flash games : building interactive entertainment with ActionScript 3.0 (New ed. ed.). [Berkeley, Calif.]: Friends of ED. p. 138. ISBN 1-4302-2614-5. Retrieved 7 February 2012. While certainly not the size of Asteroids, the game was still a huge hit with almost 20,000 units sold. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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