Demographics of the Republic of Artsakh: Difference between revisions
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| colspan="6" | <small><sup>1</sup> ''Tatar'' is the Russian word for ''[[Turkic peoples|Turkic people]]'', referring in this case to modern-day Azerbaijanis</small> |
| colspan="6" | <small><sup>1</sup> ''Tatar'' is the Russian word for ''[[Turkic peoples|Turkic people]]'', referring in this case to modern-day Azerbaijanis</small> |
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However, Russian censuses were conducted during the winter and thus considered only the sedentary, predominantly Armenian population, and not the Azeri nomadic population, which stayed in the lowlands during the cold months of year. According to A. N. Yamskov, during the warmer months the demographics of the mountainous part of Karabakh changed drastically, as in the late 1890s, almost 97% of the tens of thousands of Azeris in the lowlands moved to one of the several mountainous pastures, predominantly in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>Yamskov, A. N. (22/06/2014). "Ethnic Conflict in the Transcausasus: The Case of Nagorno-Karabakh". ''Theory and Society'' (published October 1991). '''20''' (No. 5, Special Issue on Ethnic Conflict in the Soviet Union): 650 – via JSTOR. "The following statistics permit us to make a rough estimate of the number of nomadic Azeris who summered in the mountains of what is now Nagorno-Karabakh and the neighboring raions of Azerbaijan (Kel'badzharskiy,. Lachinskiy) and Armenia (Kafanskiy, Gorisskiy, Sisianskiy, Azizbekovskiy). In 1845 in historic Karabakh the population included 30,000 Armenians and 62,000 Moslems (Azeris), of whom approximately 50,000 were nomads.' In the late 1890s, only about 1/30 of the plains population remained in the lowlands in the summer, whereas the overwhelming majority spent the period in the mountain pastures of the Karabakh ridge (the western boundary of Nagorno-Karabakh), the Murovdagskii ridge (a part of the northern boundary of Nagorno-Karabakh), and in the Zangezurskii ridge and the Karabakh uplands (outside the autonomous oblast).' In 1897 the rural population of the Shushinskii and Dzhevanshirskii districts, which comprised almost the entire territory of historic Karabakh, was 43.3 percent Armenian (93,600) and 54.8 percent Azeri (115,800). In the Agdamskii and neighboring raions of the Karabakh steppe, most of the Azeri population were semi-nomads, but some resided in settled Azerbaijani villages. In Nagorno-Karabakh most of the population was Armenian, but there were a few Azeri villages, whereas in the Kelbadzharskii raion there were only a few Azeri and Kurdish villages."</ref> |
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===Soviet era and aftermath of Karabakh War=== |
===Soviet era and aftermath of Karabakh War=== |
Revision as of 01:59, 23 October 2020
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This article is about the demographic features of the population of Artsakh, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
In the census of 2015, the population of Artsakh had a population of 145,053, consisting of 144,683 Armenians and 238 Russians, and others.
Most of the Armenian population is Christian and belongs to the Armenian Apostolic Church. Certain Orthodox Christian and Evangelical Christian denominations also exist; other religions include Judaism.[1]
Historical overview of Artsakh's demographics
18th century
Concrete numbers about the demographic situation in Artsakh appear since the 18th century. Archimandrite Minas Tigranian, after completing his secret mission to Persian Armenia ordered by the Russian Tsar Peter the Great stated in a report dated March 14, 1717, that the patriarch of the Gandzasar Monastery, in Artsakh, had under his authority 900 Armenian villages.[2]
In his letter of 1769 to Russia's Count P. Panin, the Georgian king Erekle II, in his description of Artsakh, suggests:[3][4]
Seven families rule the region of Khamse. Its population is totally Armenian.
When discussing Karabakh and Shusha in the 18th century, the Russian diplomat and historian S. M. Bronevskiy (Russian: С. М. Броневский) indicated in his Historical Notes that Karabakh, which he said "is located in Greater Armenia", had as many as 30,000–40,000 armed Armenian men in 1796.[5]
In 1593 and 1727 recorded are several Turkic/Azerbaijani nomadic tribes in the historical Highland Karabakh (Khachen, Dizak, Varanda, Gülüstan) and dozens in Lowland Karabakh.[6][7][page needed][8][page needed] Russian ethnologist Anatoly N. Yamskov points out that the latter tribes practiced migrations from the winter pastures of the Karabakh lowlands to the summer pastures of the mountainous part of Karabakh and stayed there during the warmer months of year.[9] This tradition lasted from the very beginning of penetration of nomadic herdsmen in the region till the beginning of the 20th century.[10]
Furthermore, several sedentary Muslim villages were listed in the 1727 Ottoman census in the historical Nagorno-Karabakh, such as Qarğabazar in Dizak (currently in Fuzuli District).[8][a]
19th-early 20th centuries
A survey prepared by the Russian imperial authorities in 1823, several years before the 1828 Armenian migration from Persia to the newly established Armenian Province, shows that all Armenians of Karabakh compactly resided in its highland portion, i.e. on the territory of the five traditional Armenian principalities in Artsakh, and constituted an absolute demographic majority on those lands (NKAO). The survey's more than 260 pages recorded not the exact population, but the number of villages, as such:[13][14]
District | Armenian | Tatar 1 | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Villages | % | Villages | % | ||
Khachen | 12 | 100% | 0 | 0% | 12 |
Jalapert | 8 | 100% | 0 | 0% | 8 |
Dizak | 14 | 93.3% | 1 | 6.7% | 15 |
Gulistan | 12 | 70.6% | 5 | 29.4% | 17 |
Varanda | 23 | 95.8% | 1 | 4.2% | 24 |
Total | 69 | 90.8% | 7 | 9.2% | 76 |
1 Tatar is the Russian word for Turkic people, referring in this case to modern-day Azerbaijanis |
Soviet era and aftermath of Karabakh War
During the Soviet times, the leaders of the Azerbaijan SSR tried to change the demographic balance of the Nagorno Karabakh Autonomous Region by increasing the number of Azeri residents through opening a university with Azeri, Russian and Armenian sectors and a shoe factory, sending Azerbaijanis from other parts of Azerbaijan SSR to the NKAO. Heydar Aliyev said in an interview in 2002, "By doing this, I tried to increase the number of Azeris and to reduce the number of Armenians."[15][16] However, A. N. Yamskov argues that these were Azeris familiar with Nagorno-Karabakh, including the descendants of Azeri nomads that were forced to stop nomadic migrations in 1930s.[17]
Nearing the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989, the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast boasted a population of 145,593 Armenians (76.4%), 42,871 Azeris (22.4%),[18] and several thousand Kurds, Russians, Greeks, and Assyrians. Most of the Azeri and Kurdish populations fled the region during the heaviest years of fighting in the war from 1992 to 1993. The main language spoken in Artsakh is Armenian; however, Karabakh Armenians speak a dialect of Armenian which is considerably different from that which is spoken in Armenia as it is layered with Russian, Turkish and Persian words.[19] Most of the older generation also speaks Azerbaijani.
2000s
Until 2000, the country's net migration was at a negative.[20]
In 2001, the Artsakh's reported population was 95% Armenian, with the remaining total including Assyrians, Greeks, and Kurds.[1]
For the first half of 2007, 1,010 births and 659 deaths were reported, with a net emigration of 27.[21]
In March 2007, the local government announced that its population had grown to 138,000. The annual birth rate was recorded at 2,200-2,300 per year, an increase from nearly 1,500 in 1999.
In 2011, officials from YAP submitted a letter to OSCE which stated, "The OSCE fact-finding mission report released last year also found that some 15,000 Armenians have been illegally settled on Azerbaijan's occupied territories."[22]
However, the OSCE report, released in March 2011, estimates the population of territories controlled by ethnic Armenians "adjacent to the breakaway Azerbaijani region of Nagorno-Karabakh [Artsakh]" to be 14,000, and states "there has been no significant growth in the population since 2005."[23]
Most of the Armenian population is Christian and belongs to the Armenian Apostolic Church. Certain Orthodox Christian and Evangelical Christian denominations also exist; other religions include Judaism.[1]
With the turmoil caused by the Syrian Civil War, several hundred Syrian-Armenian citizens have moved from Syria to the Republic of Artsakh. Many of these refugees are being offered assistance by the government in the form of land, housing, extra educational assistance, and other such basics that will help them quickly assimilate and start their new lives.
Overall dynamic of ethnic groups in the 20th and 21st centuries
The population of the Republic of Artsakh is now 99,7% Armenian. Almost all Azerbaijanis (41,000 at the territory of the Nagorno-Karabach AO in 1989) have left the area. The majority of the Russians and Ukrainians have also left.
5 districts of Azerbaijan (Kalbajar, Lachin, Gubadly, Zangilan, Jabrail) are fully controlled by the Republic of Artsakh.[24] Artsach also controls 2 other districts (Fuzuli and Aghdam) partially.[25] The population of the total 8 districts of Azerbaijan not belonging to the Nagorno-Karabach AO but now for the most part under control of the Republic of Artsakh, was 393,569 in 1979, including 382,379 Azerbaijanis and only a small Armenian minority (3,661 or only 0,93%).[26][27] As the number of Azerbaijanis in the territory under control of the Republic of Artsakh is now negligible, it can be estimated that as a result of the Nagorno-Karabakh War approximately 400,000 Azerbaijanis have left the area. Also 11,000 Kurds have been deported since 1988 by separatist Armenian forces.[28]
Ethnic group |
census 1926 | census 1939 | census 1959 | census 1970 | census 1979 | census 1989 | census 2005 | census 2015[30] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Armenians | 111,694 | 89.1 | 132,800 | 88.0 | 110,053 | 84.4 | 121,068 | 80.5 | 123,076 | 75.9 | 145,450 | 76.9 | 137,380 | 99.7 | 144,683 | 99.7 |
Azerbaijanis | 12,592 | 10.0 | 14,053 | 9.3 | 17,995 | 13.8 | 27,179 | 18.1 | 37,264 | 23.0 | 40,688 | 21.5 | 6 | 0.0 | ||
Russians | 596 | 0.5 | 3,174 | 2.1 | 1,790 | 1.4 | 1,310 | 0.9 | 1,265 | 0.8 | 1,922 | 1.0 | 171 | 0.1 | 238 | 0.1 |
Ukrainians | 436 | 0.3 | 193 | 0.1 | 140 | 0.1 | 416 | 0.2 | 21 | 0.0 | 26 | 0.0 | ||||
Yezidis | 16 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||
Assyrians | 16 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||
Georgians | 15 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||
Others | 416 | 0.3 | 374 | 0.2 | 568 | 0.4 | 563 | 0.4 | 436 | 0.3 | 609 | 0.3 | 159 | 0.1 | 59 | 0.0 |
Ethnic groups as of 1979 on territories under full Armenian control surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh from 1993 till 2020[31] | ||||||||||||||||
Azerbaijanis | 182,631 | 97,7 | ||||||||||||||
Kurds | 2,441 | 1,3 | ||||||||||||||
Russians | 1,410 | 0,7 | ||||||||||||||
Armenians | 185 | 0,1 | ||||||||||||||
Lezgins | 126 | 0,1 | ||||||||||||||
Total surroundings | 186,874 | 201,0162 | ||||||||||||||
Total NKAO | 125,300 | 150,837 | 130,406 | 150,313 | 162,181 | 189,085 | ||||||||||
Total | 349,055 | 390,101 | 137,737 | 145,053 | ||||||||||||
1The territory of the former Nagorno-Karabakh AO and the current Republic of Artsakh is different. 2The population of Artsakh-controlled territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh was at least 201,016 in fully controlled territories and at most 421,726 people in partially controlled territories in 1989.[32] |
Population of the Republic of Artsakh
From the National Statistical Service of Republic of Artsakh:[33]
Year | Population (000s) | Urban | Rural | Net Immigration |
---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 134.4 | 68.4 | 66.0 | 16.1 |
2001 | 135.7 | 68.7 | 67.0 | 11.5 |
2002 | 136.6 | 69.3 | 67.3 | 4.9 |
2003 | 137.0 | 69.1 | 67.9 | 1.3 |
2004 | 137.2 | 69.8 | 67.4 | -2.6 |
2005 | 137.7 | 70.5 | 67.2 | 1.7 |
2006 | 137.7 | 70.8 | 66.9 | -3.2 |
Population by age group
Age Group | Total (000s) | Urban | Rural | % of Pop | % of Urban Pop | % of Rural Pop |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-6 | 15.7 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 11.4 | 10.6 | 12.3 |
7-17 | 25.2 | 12.8 | 12.4 | 18.3 | 18.1 | 18.5 |
18-59 | 75.8 | 41.9 | 33.9 | 55.0 | 59.2 | 50.7 |
60+ | 21.0 | 8.6 | 12.4 | 15.3 | 12.1 | 18.5 |
Population by entity on the Map of Provinces[34]
Pop (000s) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2015 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 134.4 | 135.7 | 136.6 | 137.0 | 137.2 | 137.7 | 137.7 | 148.9 |
Stepanakert | 49.5 | 49.5 | 49.7 | 49.8 | 49.9 | 50.0 | 50.4 | 55.2 |
Martuni Region | 22.8 | 22.9 | 23.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 | 23.2 | 23.1 | 24.3 |
Martakert Region | 18.9 | 18.7 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 18.9 | 18.9 | 19.9 |
Askeran Region | 16.0 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 16.8 | 16.9 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 18.1 |
Hadrut Region | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 12.4 | 13.6 |
Kashatagh Region | 9.8 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 9.3 |
Shushi Region | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 5.4 |
Shahumyan Region | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 3.1 |
Urban population by region
Pop (000s) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2015 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 68.4 | 68.7 | 69.3 | 69.1 | 69.8 | 70.5 | 70.8 | 84.5 |
Stepanakert | 49.5 | 49.5 | 49.7 | 49.8 | 49.9 | 50.0 | 50.4 | 55.2 |
Askeran Region | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.3 |
Hadrut Region | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 4.1 |
Martakert Region | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 4.6 |
Martuni Region | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 10.2 |
Shahumyan Region | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Shushi Region | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 4.2 |
Kashatagh Region | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 3.3 |
Rural population by region
Pop (000s) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2015 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 66.0 | 67.0 | 67.3 | 67.9 | 67.4 | 67.2 | 66.9 | 64.4 |
Stepanakert | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Askeran Region | 13.7 | 14.5 | 14.6 | 14.9 | 14.9 | 15.0 | 14.9 | 15.8 |
Hadrut Region | 8.9 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 9.5 |
Martakert Region | 15.1 | 14.9 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 14.8 | 14.7 | 15.1 | 15.3 |
Martuni Region | 18.5 | 18.4 | 18.3 | 18.5 | 18.2 | 18.3 | 18.2 | 14.1 |
Shahumyan Region | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.5 |
Shushi Region | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
Kashatagh Region | 6.9 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 5.9 | 6.0 |
Vital statistics
Registered births and deaths
From the National Statistical Service of Republic of Artsakh:[35]
Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Infant mortality rate (per 1000 births) | Life expectancy males | Life expectancy females | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1995 | 125,000 | 1,799 | 1,197 | 602 | 14.4 | 9.6 | 4.8 | |||
1996 | 123,000 | 1,964 | 1,323 | 641 | 15.9 | 10.7 | 5.2 | |||
1997 | 126,000 | 1,887 | 1,205 | 682 | 14.9 | 9.5 | 5.4 | |||
1998 | 130,000 | 1,897 | 1,207 | 690 | 14.6 | 9.3 | 5.3 | |||
1999 | 132,000 | 1,645 | 1,104 | 541 | 12.5 | 8.4 | 4.1 | |||
2000 | 134,000 | 2,222 | 1,185 | 1,037 | 16.6 | 8.9 | 7.7 | |||
2001 | 135,000 | 2,306 | 1,075 | 1,231 | 17.1 | 8.0 | 9.1 | |||
2002 | 136,000 | 2,190 | 1,242 | 948 | 16.1 | 9.1 | 7.0 | |||
2003 | 137,000 | 2,058 | 1,232 | 826 | 15.0 | 9.0 | 6.0 | |||
2004 | 137,000 | 2,095 | 1,306 | 789 | 15.3 | 9.5 | 5.8 | |||
2005 | 137,000 | 2,004 | 1,260 | 744 | 14.6 | 9.2 | 5.4 | |||
2006 | 138,000 | 2,102 | 1,235 | 867 | 15.3 | 9.0 | 6.3 | |||
2007 | 138,000 | 2,145 | 1,227 | 918 | 15.5 | 8.9 | 6.6 | |||
2008 | 139,000 | 2,418 | 1,317 | 1,101 | 17.4 | 9.5 | 7.9 | 13.6 | 70.0 | 76.3 |
2009 | 141,000 | 2,821 | 1,266 | 1,555 | 20.0 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 10.6 | 70.3 | 76.9 |
2010 | 143,000 | 2,694 | 1,341 | 1,353 | 18.8 | 9.3 | 9.5 | 12.6 | 71.2 | 76.5 |
2011 | 144,000 | 2,586 | 1,297 | 1,289 | 17.9 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 12.0 | 70.8 | 75.9 |
2012 | 146,000 | 2,500 | 1,232 | 1,268 | 17.0 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 7.6 | 71.8 | 77.4 |
2013 | 147,000 | 2,371 | 1,344 | 1,027 | 16.0 | 9.1 | 6.9 | 11.8 | 71.0 | 76.0 |
2014 | 148,000 | 2,428 | 1,309 | 1,119 | 16.3 | 8.8 | 7.5 | 8.6 | 71.6 | 76.8 |
2015 | 146,000 | 2,582 | 1,290 | 1,292 | 17.8 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 10.8 | 71.5 | 76.6 |
2016 | 145,000 | 2,471 | 1,222 | 1,249 | 16.9 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 12.5 | 71.3 | 77.4 |
2017 | 146,000 | 2,336 | 1,238 | 1,098 | 15.9 | 8.4 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 72.6 | 77.5 |
Vital statistics for urban population
Year | Births | Deaths | NG | BR | DR | NGR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 1,158 | 566 | 592 | 16.9 | 8.3 | 8.7 |
2001 | 1,162 | 519 | 643 | 16.9 | 7.6 | 9.4 |
2002 | 1,120 | 539 | 581 | 16.2 | 7.8 | 8.4 |
2003 | 1,106 | 579 | 527 | 16.0 | 8.4 | 7.6 |
2004 | 1,235 | 662 | 573 | 17.7 | 9.5 | 8.2 |
2005 | 1,132 | 640 | 492 | 16.1 | 9.1 | 7.0 |
2006 | 1,202 | 605 | 597 | 17.0 | 8.6 | 8.4 |
Vital statistics for rural population
Year | Births | Deaths | NG | BR | DR | NGR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 1,064 | 619 | 445 | 16.1 | 9.4 | 6.7 |
2001 | 1,144 | 556 | 588 | 17.1 | 8.3 | 8.8 |
2002 | 1,070 | 703 | 367 | 15.9 | 10.4 | 5.5 |
2003 | 952 | 653 | 299 | 14.0 | 9.6 | 4.4 |
2004 | 860 | 644 | 216 | 12.8 | 9.6 | 3.2 |
2005 | 872 | 620 | 252 | 13.0 | 9.2 | 3.8 |
2006 | 900 | 630 | 270 | 13.5 | 9.4 | 4.0 |
Notes
References
- ^ a b c Ethnic composition of the region as provided by the government
- ^ Bournoutian, George A. Armenians and Russia, 1626-1796: A Documentary Record. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 2001, p. 120–21
- ^ Цагарели А. А. Грамота и гругие исторические документы XVIII столетия, относяшиеся к Грузии, Том 1. СПб 1891, ц. 434-435. This book is available online from Google Books
- ^ Bournoutian, George A. Armenians and Russia, 1626-1796: A Documentary Record. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 2001, page 246
- ^ S.M.Bronesvskiy. Historical Notes... St. Petersburg. 1996. Исторические выписки о сношениях России с Персиею, Грузиею и вообще с горскими народами, в Кавказе обитающими, со времён Ивана Васильевича доныне». СПб. 1996, секция "Карабаг"
- ^ Ali Sinan Bilgili (2002). "Azerbaycan Türkmenleri Tarihi". 7 (Türkler ed.): 22–43.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Nəcəfli, Tofiq (2010). Gəncə-Qarabağ əyalətinin icmal dəftəri [The Ottoman Short Register of Ganja-Karabakh eyalet, original text]. Bakı: Çaşıoğlu.
- ^ a b Gəncə-Qarabağ vilayətinin müfəssəl dəftəri [Ottoman Survey Register of Ganja-Karabakh vilayet, Azeri translation)]. Baku: Şuşa. 2000.
- ^ Yamskov, A. N. (22 June 2014). "Ethnic Conflict in the Transcausasus: The Case of Nagorno-Karabakh". Theory and Society. 20 (No. 5, Special Issue on Ethnic Conflict in the Soviet Union) (published October 1991): 650 – via JSTOR.
The Azeri conception of Karabakh as an inseparable part of Azerbaijan is based on other considerations than the oblast's ethnic composition. The Armenians have resided in Karabakh for a long time, and they represented an absolute majority of its population at the time that the autonomous oblast was formed. However, for centuries the entire high mountain zone of this region belonged to the nomadic Turkic herdsmen, from whom the Khans of Karabakh were descended. Traditionally, these direct ancestors of the Azeris of the Agdamskii raion (and of the other raions between the mountains of Karabakh and the Kura and Araks Rivers) lived in Karabakh for the four or five warm months of the year, and spent the winter in the Mil'sko-Karabakh plains. The descendants of this nomadic herding population therefore claim a historic right to Karabakh and consider it as much their native land as that of the settled agricultural population that lived there year-round.
{{cite journal}}
:|issue=
has extra text (help) - ^ Olcott, M.; Malashenko, M. (1998). "Традиционное землепользование кочевников исторического Карабаха и современный армяно-азербайджанский этнотерриториальный конфликт (Анатолий Ямсков)" [The Traditional Land-use of the Nomads of Historical Karabakh and the Modern Armenian-Azerbaijani Ethno-territorial Conflict (by Anatoly N. Yamskov)]. Фактор этноконфессиональной самобытности в постсоветском обществе [The Factor of Ethno-confessional Identity in the Post-Soviet Society]. Московский Центр Карнеги (The Moscow Center of Carnegie). pp. 179–180. ISBN 0-87003-140-6.
This seasonal coexistence in the mountains of historical Karabakh with a sedentary Armenian population and a nomadic Turkic one, as well as some Kurdish, completely assimilated by Azerbaijanis in the 19th-20th centuries, arose a long time ago, simultaneously with the great movement of nomadic pastoralists into the plains of Azerbaijan.
Указанная ситуация сезонного сосуществования в горах исторического Карабаха оседлого армянского и кочевого тюркского населения, а также частично и курдского, полностью ассимилированного азербайджанцами в XIX—XX вв., возникла очень давно, одновременно с массовым проникновением кочевых скотоводов на равнины Азербайджана.
- ^ Давид Львович Златопольский. Национальная государственность союзных республик. — 1968. — p. 295. "Implementing Lenin's principles of the national policy, CEC of Azerbaijani SSR created an autonomous oblast within itself from the Armenian part of Nagorno-Karabakh Претворяя в жизнь ленинские принципы национальной политики, ЦИК Азербайджанской ССР декретом от 7 июля 1923 года образовал из армянской части Нагорного Карабаха автономную область, как составную часть Азербайджанской ССР."
- ^ Audrey Altstadt. Creation of the Autonomous oblast' of Nagorno-Karabakh // The Azerbaijani Turks: Power and Identity under Russian Rule.
- ^ Description of the Karabakh province prepared in 1823 according to the order of the governor in Georgia Yermolov by state advisor Mogilevsky and colonel Yermolov 2nd (Russian: Opisaniye Karabakhskoy provincii sostavlennoye v 1823 g po rasporyazheniyu glavnoupravlyayushego v Gruzii Yermolova deystvitelnim statskim sovetnikom Mogilevskim i polkovnikom Yermolovim 2-m), Tbilisi, 1866.
- ^ Bournoutian, George A. A History of Qarabagh: An Annotated Translation of Mirza Jamal Javanshir Qarabaghi's Tarikh-E Qarabagh. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 1994, page 18
- ^ (in Russian) "Гейдар Алиев: 'Государство с оппозицией лучше' Archived 2012-05-24 at the Wayback Machine." Zerkalo. July 22, 2002.
- ^ (in Russian) Anon. "Кто на стыке интересов? США, Россия и новая реальность на границе с Ираном" ("Who is at the turn of interests? US, Russia and new reality on the border with Iran Archived November 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine"). Regnum. April 4, 2006.
- ^ Olcott, M.; Malashenko, M. (1998). "Традиционное землепользование кочевников исторического Карабаха и современный армяно-азербайджанский этнотерриториальный конфликт (Анатолий Ямсков)" [The Traditional Land-use of the Nomads of Historical Karabakh and the Modern Armenian-Azerbaijani Ethno-territorial Conflict (by Anatoly N. Yamskov)]. Фактор этноконфессиональной самобытности в постсоветском обществе [The Factor of Ethno-confessional Identity in the Post-Soviet Society]. Московский Центр Карнеги (The Moscow Center of Carnegie). pp. 185. ISBN 0-87003-140-6. "It has to be mentioned that the scales of the Azeri migration were significant due to the fact that they moved to the places not unfamiliar or foreign to them, but to the ones that they considered historically theirs and indeed familiar to them. In fact, some had in these mountainous parts of Karabakh and Armenia relatives among local Azeris, others repeatedly heard from their fathers and grandfathers about former ancestral nomadic pastures or routes, that were located near the Armenian villages, that they were going to settle in, still others were themselves kolkhoz or sovkhoz herdsmen in these places previously.<br> Важно подчеркнуть, что масштабы этой миграции азербайджанцев были значительны во многом благодаря тому, что переезжали они вовсе не в незнакомые и чужие для них местности, а на территории, которые они считали исторически своими и которые были им действительно хорошо знакомы. Ведь у некоторых в этих горных районах исторического Карабаха и Армении уже проживали родственники из числа коренных местных азербайджанцев, другие неоднократно слышали от дедов и отцов про бывшие родовые летние кочевья или кочевые пути, проходившие в этих местностях вблизи выбранных для переезда армянских горных деревень, а третьи и сами до переселения уже неоднократно бывали там в качестве колхозных или совхозных чабанов."
- ^ Human Rights Watch. Seven Years of Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. December 1994, p. xiii, ISBN 1-56432-142-8, citing: Natsional'nyi Sostav Naseleniya SSSR, po dannym Vsesoyuznyi Perepisi Naseleniya 1989 g., Moskva, "Finansy i Statistika"
- ^ de Waal, Thomas (2003). Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-1945-7.
- ^ Regnum News Agency. Nagorno Karabakh prime minister: We need to have at least 300,000 population Archived September 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Regnum. March 9, 2007. Retrieved March 9, 2007.
- ^ Евразийская панорама
- ^ https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijani_party_appeals_to_osce_about_armenian_resettlement/24104655.html
- ^ "Azerbaijani Party Appeals To OSCE About Armenian Resettlement". RFERL. 2011-05-13. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ de Waal, Thomas (15 July 2005). "Приложение". BBC. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ JASON, STRAKES (2009). "Hierarchical Global Structures and Their Influence on Azerbaijani Views of International Politics". The Caucasus & Globalization. 3 (2–3). ISSN 1819-7353. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ a b "население азербайджана". www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ a b РГАЭ, ф. 1562, оп. 336, д. 999, 1244, 1565, 1566-д, 1567, 5925, 7879
- ^ "Этнический состав Азербайджана (по переписи 1999 года)". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ 2005 census of the Nagorno-Karabach Republic
- ^ Таблица 5.2-1 Население (городское, сельское) по национальности, полу (PDF) (in Russian). Retrieved 31 July 2018.
- ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ www.stat-nkr.am
- ^ Map of Provinces
- ^ The National Statistical Service of Nagorno-Karabach Republic