Fullmetal Alchemist: Difference between revisions
Edo-biscuit (talk | contribs) |
Edo-biscuit (talk | contribs) |
||
Line 123: | Line 123: | ||
==== Live-action ==== |
==== Live-action ==== |
||
{{Main|Fullmetal Alchemist (film)}} |
{{Main|Fullmetal Alchemist (film)}} |
||
A live-action film based on the manga was released on November 19, 2017. [[Fumihiko Sori]] directed the film.<ref name="live-action">{{cite web|url=http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2016/03/29-1/live-action-fullmetal-alchemist-film-works-its-magic-in-2017|title=Live-Action "Fullmetal Alchemist" Film Works Its Magic in 2017|author=Chapman, Paul|date=March 30, 2016|publisher=[[Crunchyroll]]}}</ref> The film stars [[Ryosuke Yamada]] as Edward Elric, [[Tsubasa Honda]] as Winry Rockbell and [[Dean Fujioka]] as Roy Mustang. On March 2 2022, the offical announced that the |
A live-action film based on the manga was released on November 19, 2017. [[Fumihiko Sori]] directed the film.<ref name="live-action">{{cite web|url=http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2016/03/29-1/live-action-fullmetal-alchemist-film-works-its-magic-in-2017|title=Live-Action "Fullmetal Alchemist" Film Works Its Magic in 2017|author=Chapman, Paul|date=March 30, 2016|publisher=[[Crunchyroll]]}}</ref> The film stars [[Ryosuke Yamada]] as Edward Elric, [[Tsubasa Honda]] as Winry Rockbell and [[Dean Fujioka]] as Roy Mustang. On March 2 2022, the offical announced that the sequels {{nihongo|''Fullmetal Alchemist Finale: Scar the Avenger''|鋼の錬金術師 完結編 復讐者スカー}} and {{nihongo|''Fullmetal Alchemist Finale: Final Transmutation''|鋼の錬金術師 完結編 最後の錬成}} will be released on May 20 and June 24 2022. |
||
=== Light novels === |
=== Light novels === |
Revision as of 19:25, 2 March 2022
Fullmetal Alchemist | |
鋼の錬金術師 (Hagane no Renkinjutsushi) | |
---|---|
Genre | |
Manga | |
Written by | Hiromu Arakawa |
Published by |
|
English publisher | |
Imprint | Gangan Comics |
Magazine | Monthly Shōnen Gangan |
Demographic | Shōnen |
Original run | July 12, 2001 – June 11, 2010 |
Volumes | 27 |
Light novel | |
Written by | Makoto Inoue |
Illustrated by | Hiromu Arakawa |
Published by | Square Enix |
English publisher |
|
Original run | February 28, 2003 – April 22, 2010 |
Volumes | 10 |
Anime television series | |
| |
Live-action film | |
|
Fullmetal Alchemist (Japanese: 鋼の錬金術師, Hepburn: Hagane no Renkinjutsushi, lit. "Alchemist of Steel") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hiromu Arakawa. It was serialized in Square Enix's Monthly Shōnen Gangan shōnen manga anthology magazine between July 2001 and June 2010; the publisher later collected the individual chapters into twenty-seven tankōbon volumes. The steampunk world of Fullmetal Alchemist is primarily styled after the European Industrial Revolution. Set in the early 20th century, in a fictional universe in which alchemy is a widely practiced science, the series follows the journey of two alchemist brothers, Edward and Alphonse Elric, who are searching for the philosopher's stone to restore their bodies after a failed attempt to bring their mother back to life using alchemy.
Fullmetal Alchemist has been adapted into various anime—two television series and two films, all animated by Bones—as well as light novels. The series has generated original video animations, video games, supplementary books, a collectible card game, and a variety of action figures and other merchandise. A live-action film based on the series was released in 2017. In North America, the manga was localized and published in English by Viz Media. Yen Press has the rights for the digital release of the volumes since 2014.
The manga has sold over 80 million volumes worldwide, making it one of the best-selling manga series. It received the 49th Shogakukan Manga Award for the shōnen category in 2004, the UK's Eagle Award for favorite manga in 2010 and 2011 and the Seiun Award for best science fiction comic in 2011. The English release of the manga's first volume was the top-selling graphic novel during 2005. Reviewers from several media outlets positively critiqued the series, particularly for its character development, action scenes, symbolism, and philosophical references.
Synopsis
Setting
Fullmetal Alchemist takes place in the fictional country of Amestris (アメストリス, Amesutorisu). In this world, alchemy is one of the most-practiced sciences; alchemists who work for the government are known as State Alchemists (国家錬金術師, Kokka Renkinjutsushi) and are automatically given the rank of major in the military. Alchemists have the ability, with the help of patterns called transmutation circles, to create almost anything they desire. However, when they do so, they must provide something of equal value in accordance with the Law of Equivalent Exchange. The only things alchemists are forbidden from transmuting are humans and gold. There has never been a successful human transmutation; those who attempt it lose a part of their body, and the result is an inhuman mass. Attemptees are confronted by Truth (真理, Shinri), a pantheistic and semi-cerebral God-like being who tauntingly regulates all alchemy use, and whose nigh-featureless appearance is relative to the person with whom Truth converses; it is frequently claimed and believed that Truth is a personal God who punishes the arrogant.
Attemptees of human transmutation are also thrown into the Gate of Truth (真理の扉, Shinri no Tobira), where they receive an overwhelming dose of information, but also allowing them to transmute without a circle. All living things possess their own Gate of Truth, and per the Gaea hypothesis, heavenly bodies like planets also have their own Gates of Truth. It is possible to bypass the Law of Equivalent Exchange using a Philosopher's Stone, a red, enigmatic substance. Philosopher's Stones are used to create Homunculi, artificial humans of proud nature; Homunculi have numerous superhuman abilities unique among each other, and look down upon all humanity. With the exception of one, they do not age and can only be killed via the destruction of their Philosopher's Stones.
There are several cities throughout Amestris. The main setting is the capital of Central City (セントラルシティ, Sentoraru Shiti), along with other military cities such as the northern city of Briggs (ブリッグズ, Burigguzu). Towns featured include Resembool (リゼンブール, Rizenbūru), the rural hometown of the Elrics; Liore (リオール, Riōru), a city tricked into following a cult; Rush Valley (ラッシュバレー, Rasshu Barē), a town that specializes in automail manufacturing; and Ishbal, a conservative-religion region that rejects alchemy and was destroyed in the Ishbalan Civil War instigated after a soldier shot an Ishbalan child. Outside of Amestris, there are few named countries, and none are seen in the main story. The main foreign country is Xing. Heavily reminiscent of China, Xing has a complex system of clans and emperors, as opposed to Amestris's government-controlled election of a Führer. It also has its own system of alchemy, called alkahestry (錬丹術, rentanjutsu), which is more medical and can be bi-located using kunai; in turn, it is implied that all countries have different forms of alchemy.
Plot
Edward and Alphonse Elric live in Resembool with their mother Trisha and father Van Hohenheim, the latter having left without a reason. Trisha soon dies from an illness. After finishing their alchemy training under Izumi Curtis, the Elrics attempt to bring their mother back with alchemy. The transmutation backfires, and Edward loses his left leg while Alphonse loses his body. Edward sacrifices his right arm to retrieve Alphonse's soul, binding it to a suit of armor. Edward is invited by Roy Mustang to become a State Alchemist (to research a way to restore their bodies) and undergoes a painful medical procedure which grants him prosthetic automail limbs. Edward becomes a State Alchemist, with the title of Fullmetal Alchemist. The Elrics spend the next three years searching for the mythical Philosopher's Stone to achieve their goals.
The Elrics are eventually attacked by an Ishbalan serial killer known as Scar, who targets State Alchemists in revenge for his people's genocide in the Ishbalan civil war. Returning to Resembool to have Edward's limbs repaired by their childhood friend and mechanic, Winry Rockbell, the Elrics meet Dr. Marcoh, who provides them with clues to learn that a Philosopher's Stone is created from human souls. They investigate a laboratory in which the Stones were created, but are hindered by the Homunculi. The Elrics decide to visit Izumi, hoping to improve their alchemy. Mustang's friend Maes Hughes continues the Elrics' research and finds out about a government conspiracy, but is killed by the homunculus Envy. The Elrics learn from Izumi that she attempted to use alchemy to revive her stillborn child. Alphonse is captured by the homunculus Greed, but is rescued by Amestris' leader King Bradley. Bradley is revealed to be the homunculus Wrath, and brings the captured Greed to the Homunculi's creator, Father. When Greed refuses to rejoin his fellow Homunculi, he is reabsorbed by Father.
After meeting the Xingese prince Lin Yao, who seeks a Philosopher's Stone to cement his position as heir to his country's throne, the Elrics return to Central City, where they learn of Hughes's murder. Lieutenant Maria Ross is framed for Hughes' murder, so Mustang fakes Ross's death and smuggles her out of the country. In encounters with the Homunculi, Mustang kills Lust. Lin captures Gluttony, who swallows Lin, Edward, and Envy into his void-like stomach. They escape from Gluttony's stomach after he takes Alphonse to meet Father, who makes Lin the vessel of Greed. Mustang tries to expose Bradley to the government, but finds that the higher officials are complicit in Father's plans. The Elrics and Mustang are released, but warned not to oppose Father, who seeks to use them as "human sacrifices". Meanwhile, Scar heads north with the Xingese princess May Chang, fired corrupt official Yoki, and kidnapped Dr. Marcoh.
The Elrics head north as well, and reach Fort Briggs, commanded by General Olivier Armstrong. They confront the homunculus Sloth and learn that Father founded Amestris to amass enough population to create a massive Philosopher's Stone. With it, he can achieve godhood by absorbing the being beyond the Gate of Truth on the ‘Promised Day’. Forced to work with Solf Kimblee, a murderous former State Alchemist and ally of the Homunculi, the Elrics turn on him and split up, joined by a reformed Scar, his group, Kimblee's chimera subordinates, and later Lin/Greed. Hohenheim reveals that he was made an immortal when Father arranged the fall of Cselkcess four centuries ago, and had been working since then to stop Father.
The Promised Day arrives, with Father planning to use an eclipse and ‘human sacrifices’ to trigger the transmutation. The Elrics and their comrades battle Father's minions, with Kimblee and almost all of the Homunculi dying. However, Father manages to activate the nationwide transmutation circle, and absorbs the superior being. Hohenheim and Scar activate countermeasures, draining much of Father's absorbed souls, rendering him unstable. The Elrics and their comrades face Father in a final battle, in which Greed is killed by Father. Alphonse, his armor almost destroyed, sacrifices his soul to restore Edward's right arm. Edward defeats Father, who is dragged into the Gate of Truth, from which he was created. Edward sacrifices his ability to perform alchemy to fully restore Alphonse, while Lin receives a Philosopher's Stone. Hohenheim goes to visit Trisha's grave, where he dies peacefully.
The Elrics return home, but separate two years later to research alchemy further. Years later, Edward and Winry have married and have two children.
Production
Development
After reading about the concept of the Philosopher's Stone, Arakawa became attracted to the idea of her characters using alchemy in the manga. She started reading books about alchemy, which she found complicated because some books contradict others. Arakawa was attracted more by the philosophical aspects than the practical ones.[6] For the Equivalent Exchange (等価交換, Tōka Kōkan) concept, she was inspired by the work of her parents, who had a farm in Hokkaido and worked hard to earn the money to eat.[7]
Arakawa wanted to integrate social problems into the story. Her research involved watching television news programs and talking to refugees, war veterans and former yakuza. Several plot elements, such as Pinako Rockbell caring for the Elric brothers after their mother dies, and the brothers helping people to understand the meaning of family, expand on these themes. When creating the fictional world of Fullmetal Alchemist, Arakawa was inspired after reading about the Industrial Revolution in Europe; she was amazed by differences in the culture, architecture, and clothes of the era and those of her own culture. She was especially interested in England during this period and incorporated these ideas into the manga.[6] The series has a steampunk setting.[5][8][9] The Ishbal region has similarities to the Middle East, with the plot anticipating elements of the Iraq War which later occurred in the real world.[10]
When the manga began serialization, Arakawa was considering several major plot points, including the ending. She wanted the Elric brothers to recover their bodies—at least partly.[11] As the plot continued, she thought that some characters were maturing and decided to change some scenes.[7] Arakawa said the manga authors Suihō Tagawa and Hiroyuki Eto are her main inspirations for her character designs; she describes her artwork as a mix of both of them. She found that the easiest of the series's characters to draw were Alex Louis Armstrong, and the little animals. Arakawa likes dogs so she included several of them in the story.[12] Arakawa made comedy central to the manga's story because she thinks it is intended for entertainment, and tried to minimize sad scenes.[7]
Conclusion
When around forty manga chapters had been published, Arakawa said that as the series was nearing its end and she would try to increase the pace of the narrative. To avoid making some chapters less entertaining than others, unnecessary details from each of them were removed and a climax was developed. The removal of minor details was also necessary because Arakawa had too few pages in Monthly Shōnen Gangan to include all the story content she wanted to add. Some characters' appearances were limited in some chapters.[13] At first, Arakawa thought the series would last twenty-one volumes but the length increased to twenty-seven. Serialization finished after nine years, and Arakawa was satisfied with her work because she had told everything she wanted with the manga.[11]
During the development of the first anime, Arakawa allowed the anime staff to work independently from her, and requested a different ending from that of the manga. She said that she would not like to repeat the same ending in both media, and wanted to make the manga longer so she could develop the characters. When watching the ending of the anime, she was amazed about how different the homunculi creatures were from the manga and enjoyed how the staff speculated about the origins of the villains.[6] Because Arakawa helped the Bones staff in the making of the series, she was kept from focusing on the manga's cover illustrations and had little time to make them.[13]
Themes and analysis
The series explores social problems, including discrimination, scientific advancement, political greed, brotherhood, family, and war.[14] Scar's backstory and his hatred of the state military references the Ainu people, who had their land taken by other people.[6] This includes the consequences of guerrilla warfare and the number of violent soldiers a military can have.[15] Some of the people who took the Ainus' land were originally Ainu; this irony is referenced in Scar's use of alchemy to kill alchemists even though it was forbidden in his own religion.[6] The Elrics being orphans and adopted by Pinako Rockbell reflects Arakawa's beliefs about the ways society should treat orphans. The characters' dedication to their occupations reference the need to work for food.[16] The series also explores the concept of equivalent exchange; to obtain something new, one must pay with something of equal value. This is applied by alchemists when creating new materials and is also a philosophical belief the Elric brothers follow.[11][17]
Publication
Written and drawn by Hiromu Arakawa, Fullmetal Alchemist was serialized in Square Enix's monthly manga magazine Monthly Shōnen Gangan. Its first installment was published in the magazine's August 2001 issue on July 12, 2001.[18][19] The series finished with the 108th installment in the July 2010 issue of Monthly Shōnen Gangan, published on June 11, 2010.[20][21][22] A side-story to the series was published in the October 2010 issue of Monthly Shōnen Gangan on September 11, 2010.[23] In the July 2011 issue of the same magazine, the prototype version of the manga was published.[24] Square Enix compiled the chapters into twenty-seven tankōbon volumes, released from January 22, 2002, to November 22, 2010.[25][26] A few chapters have been re-released in Japan in two "Extra number" magazines and Fullmetal Alchemist, The First Attack, which features the first nine chapters of the manga and other side stories.[27] Square Enix republished the series into eighteen kanzenban volumes, from June 22, 2011, to September 22, 2012.[28][29]
In North America, Viz Media licensed the series for an English language release in North America and published the twenty-seven volumes between May 3, 2005, and December 20, 2011.[30][31] From June 7, 2011, to November 11, 2014, Viz Media published the series in an omnibus format, featuring three volumes in one.[32][33] In April 2014, Yen Press announced the rights for the digital release of the volumes in North America,[34][35] and on December 12, 2016, has released the series on the ComiXology website.[36][37] On May 8, 2018, Viz Media started publishing the eighteen-volume kanzenban edition of the series as Fullmetal Alchemist: Fullmetal Edition.[38]
Other English localizations were done by Madman Entertainment for Australasia and Chuang Yi in Singapore.[39][40] The series has been also localized in Polish, French, Portuguese, Italian, and Korean.[41][42][43][44][45]
Related media
Anime series
Fullmetal Alchemist was adapted into two separate anime series for television: a loose adaption with a mostly anime original story titled Fullmetal Alchemist in 2003–2004, and a retelling that faithfully adapts the original manga in 2009–2010 titled Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood.[46][47]
Theatrical films
Animation
Two feature-length anime films were produced; Fullmetal Alchemist the Movie: Conqueror of Shamballa, a sequel/conclusion to the 2003 series, and Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos, set during the time period of Brotherhood.[48][49]
Live-action
A live-action film based on the manga was released on November 19, 2017. Fumihiko Sori directed the film.[50] The film stars Ryosuke Yamada as Edward Elric, Tsubasa Honda as Winry Rockbell and Dean Fujioka as Roy Mustang. On March 2 2022, the offical announced that the sequels Fullmetal Alchemist Finale: Scar the Avenger (鋼の錬金術師 完結編 復讐者スカー) and Fullmetal Alchemist Finale: Final Transmutation (鋼の錬金術師 完結編 最後の錬成) will be released on May 20 and June 24 2022.
Light novels
Square Enix has published a series of six Fullmetal Alchemist Japanese light novels, written by Makoto Inoue.[51] The novels were licensed for an English-language release by Viz Media in North America, with translations by Alexander O. Smith and illustrations—including covers and frontispieces—by Arakawa.[52][53] The novels are spin-offs of the manga series and follow the Elric brothers on their continued quest for the philosopher's stone. The first novel, Fullmetal Alchemist: The Land of Sand, was animated as the episodes eleven and twelve of the first anime series.[54] The fourth novel contains an extra story about the military called "Roy's Holiday".[55] Novelizations of the PlayStation 2 games Fullmetal Alchemist and the Broken Angel, Curse of the Crimson Elixir, and The Girl Who Succeeds God have also been written, the first by Makoto Inoue and the rest by Jun Eishima.[51] Two Wii games, Prince of the Dawn and Daughter of the Dusk, were also novelized in one volume by Sōji Machida.[56]
Audio dramas
There have been two series of Fullmetal Alchemist audio dramas. The first volume of the first series, Fullmetal Alchemist Vol. 1: The Land of Sand (砂礫の大地, Sareki no Daichi), was released before the anime and tells a similar story to the first novel. The Tringham brothers reprised their anime roles.[57] Fullmetal Alchemist Vol. 2: False Light, Truth's Shadow (偽りの光 真実の影, Itsuwari no Hikari, Shinjitsu no Kage) and Fullmetal Alchemist Vol. 3: Criminals' Scar (咎人たちの傷跡, Togabitotachi no Kizuato) are stories based on different manga chapters; their State Military characters are different from those in the anime.[51] The second series of audio dramas, available only with purchases of Shōnen Gangan, consists two stories in this series, each with two parts. The first, Fullmetal Alchemist: Ogutāre of the Fog (霧のオグターレ, Kiri no Ogutāre), was included in Shōnen Gangan's April and May 2004 issues; the second story, Fullmetal Alchemist: Crown of Heaven (天上の宝冠, Tenjō no Hōkan), was issued in the November and December 2004 issues.[51]
Video games
Video games based on Fullmetal Alchemist have been released. The storylines of the games often diverge from those of the anime and manga, and feature original characters. Square Enix has released three role-playing games (RPG)—Fullmetal Alchemist and the Broken Angel, Curse of the Crimson Elixir, and Kami o Tsugu Shōjo. Bandai has released two RPG titles, Fullmetal Alchemist: Stray Rondo (鋼の錬金術師 迷走の輪舞曲, Hagane no Renkinjutsushi Meisō no Rondo) and Fullmetal Alchemist: Sonata of Memory (鋼の錬金術師 想い出の奏鳴曲, Hagane no Renkinjutsushi Omoide no Sonata), for the Game Boy Advance and one, Dual Sympathy, for the Nintendo DS. In Japan, Bandai released an RPG Fullmetal Alchemist: To the Promised Day (鋼の錬金術師 Fullmetal Alchemist 約束の日へ, Hagane no Renkinjutsushi Fullmetal Alchemist Yakusoku no Hi e) for the PlayStation Portable on May 20, 2010.[58] Bandai also released a fighting game, Dream Carnival, for the PlayStation 2. Destineer released a game based on the trading card game in North America for the Nintendo DS.[59][60] Of the seven games made in Japan, Broken Angel, Curse of the Crimson Elixir, and Dual Sympathy have seen international releases. For the Wii, Akatsuki no Ōji (暁の王子, lit. Fullmetal Alchemist: Prince of the Dawn) was released in Japan on August 13, 2009.[61] A direct sequel of the game, Tasogare no Shōjo (黄昏の少女, lit. Fullmetal Alchemist: Daughter of the Dusk), was released on December 10, 2009, for the same console.[62]
Funimation licensed the franchise to create a new series of Fullmetal Alchemist-related video games to be published by Destineer Publishing Corporation in the United States.[63] Destineer released its first Fullmetal Alchemist game for the Nintendo DS, a translation of Bandai's Dual Sympathy, on December 15, 2006, and said that they plan to release further titles.[64] On February 19, 2007, Destineer announced the second game in its Fullmetal Alchemist series, the Fullmetal Alchemist Trading Card Game, which was released on October 15, 2007.[65] A second game for the PlayStation Portable titled Fullmetal Alchemist: Senka wo Takuseshi Mono (背中を託せし者) was released in Japan on October 15, 2009.[66] A European release of the game, published by Namco Bandai Games, was announced on March 4, 2010.[67] The massively multiplayer online role-playing game MapleStory also received special in-game items based on the anime series.[68] For the 20th Anniversary of the series, Square Enix announced Fullmetal Alchemist Mobile, set to be released in Japan in 2022.[69]
Arakawa oversaw the story and designed the characters for the RPG games, while Bones—the studio responsible for the anime series—produced several animation sequences. The developers looked at other titles—specifically Square Enix's action role-playing game Kingdom Hearts and other games based on manga series, such as Dragon Ball, Naruto or One Piece games—for inspiration. The biggest challenge was to make a "full-fledged" game rather than a simple character-based one.[70] Tomoya Asano, the assistant producer for the games, said that development took more than a year, unlike most character-based games.[71]
Art and guidebooks
The Fullmetal Alchemist has received several artbooks. Three artbooks called The Art of Fullmetal Alchemist (イラスト集 FULLMETAL ALCHEMIST, Irasuto Shū Fullmetal Alchemist) were released by Square Enix; two of those were released in the US by Viz Media.[72][73] The first artbook contains illustrations made between May 2001 to April 2003, spanning the first six manga volumes, while the second has illustrations from September 2003 to October 2005, spanning the next six volumes.[27] The last one includes illustrations from the remaining volumes.[74]
The manga also has three guidebooks; each of them contains timelines, guides to the Elric brothers' journey, and gaiden chapters that were never released in manga volumes.[27] Only the first guidebook was released by Viz Media, titled Fullmetal Alchemist Profiles.[75] A guidebook titled "Fullmetal Alchemist Chronicle" (鋼の錬金術師 CHRONICLE), which contains post-manga story information, was released in Japan on July 29, 2011.[76]
Merchandise
Action figures, busts, and statues from the Fullmetal Alchemist anime and manga have been produced by toy companies, including Medicom and Southern Island. Medicom has created high end deluxe vinyl figures of the characters from the anime. These figures are exclusively distributed in the United States and UK by Southern Island.[77] Southern Island released its own action figures of the main characters in 2007, and a 12" statuette was scheduled for release the same year. Southern Island has since gone bankrupt, putting the statuette's release in doubt.[78] A trading card game was first published in 2005 in the United States by Joyride Entertainment.[79] Since then, six expansions have been released. The card game was withdrawn on July 11, 2007.[80] Destineer released a Nintendo DS adaptation of the game on October 15, 2007.[65]
Reception
Popularity
Along with Yakitate!! Japan, the series won the 49th Shogakukan Manga Award for the shōnen category in 2004.[81] It won the public voting for Eagle Award's "Favourite Manga" in 2010 and 2011.[82][83] The manga also received the Seiun Award for best science fiction comic in 2011.[84] Arakawa also received the New Artist Prize in the fifteenth Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prizes for the manga series in 2011.[85][86] Fullmetal Alchemist ranked 3rd on the first annual Tsutaya Comic Awards' All-Time Best Section in 2017.[87]
In a survey from Oricon in 2009, Fullmetal Alchemist ranked ninth as the manga that fans wanted to be turned into a live-action film.[88] The series is also popular with amateur writers who produce dōjinshi (fan fiction) that borrows characters from the series. In the Japanese market Super Comic City, there have been over 1,100 dōjinshi based on Fullmetal Alchemist, some of which focused on romantic interactions between Edward Elric and Roy Mustang.[89] Anime News Network said the series had the same impact in Comiket 2004 as several female fans were seen there writing dōjinshi.[90] On TV Asahi's Manga Sōsenkyo 2021 poll, in which 150.000 people voted for their top 100 manga series, Fullmetal Alchemist ranked No. 9.[91]
Sales
The series has become one of Square Enix's best-performing properties, along with Final Fantasy and Dragon Quest.[92] With the release of volume 27, the manga sold over 50 million copies in Japan.[3] As of January 10, 2010, every volume of the manga has sold over a million copies each in Japan.[93] Square Enix reported that the series had sold 70.3 million copies worldwide as of April 25, 2018, 16.4 million of those outside Japan.[94] As of July 2021, the manga had 80 million copies in circulation worldwide.[95] The series is also one of Viz Media's best sellers, appearing in "BookScan's Top 20 Graphic Novels" and the "USA Today Booklist".[96][97][98] It was featured in the Diamond Comic Distributors' polls of graphic novels and The New York Times Best Seller Manga list.[99][100] The English release of the manga's first volume was the top-selling graphic novel during 2005.[101]
During 2008, volumes 19 and 20 sold over a million copies, ranking as the 10th and 11th best seller comics in Japan respectively.[102] In the first half of 2009, it ranked as the seventh best-seller in Japan, having sold over 3 million copies.[103] Volume 21 ranked fourth, with more than a million copies sold and volume 22 ranked sixth with a similar number of sold copies.[104] Producer Kouji Taguchi of Square Enix said that Volume 1's initial sales were 150,000 copies; this grew to 1.5 million copies after the first anime aired. Prior to the second anime's premiere, each volume sold about 1.9 million copies, and then it changed to 2.1 million copies.[105]
Critical response
Fullmetal Alchemist has generally been well received by critics. Though the first volumes were thought to be formulaic, critics said that the series grows in complexity as it progresses. Jason Thompson called Arakawa one of the best at creating action scenes and praised the series for having great female characters despite being a boys' manga. He also noted how the story gets dark by including real-world issues such as government corruption, war and genocide. Thompson finished by stating that Fullmetal Alchemist "will be remembered as one of the classic shonen manga series of the 2000s."[106] Melissa Harper of Anime News Network praised Arakawa for keeping all of her character designs unique and distinguishable, despite many of them wearing the same basic uniforms.[107] IGN's Hilary Goldstein wrote that the characterization of Edward balances between being a "typical clever kid" and a "stubborn kid", allowing him to float between the comical moments and the underlying drama without seeming false.[108] Holly Ellingwood for Active Anime praised the development of the characters in the manga and their beliefs changing during the story, forcing them to mature.[109] Mania Entertainment's Jarred Pine said that the manga can be enjoyed by anybody who has watched the first anime, despite the similarities in the first chapters. Like other reviewers, Pine praised the dark mood of the series and the way it balances the humor and action scenes.[110] Pine also praised the development of characters who have few appearances in the first anime.[111] In a review of volume 14, Sakura Eries—also of Mania Entertainment—liked the revelations, despite the need to resolve several story arcs. She also praised the development of the homunculi, such as the return of Greed, as well as their fights.[112]
See also
References
- ^ "The Official Website for Fullmetal Alchemist". Viz Media. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
- ^ a b Sherman, Jennifer (December 6, 2011). "Da Vinci Magazine Lists 3 Manga Among 2011's Top 10 Books". Anime News Network. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
- ^ a b Loo, Egan (October 25, 2010). "Fullmetal Alchemist Manga: Over 50 Million Served". Anime News Network. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
- ^ 荒川弘「鋼の錬金術師」の全話が3月31日までの期間限定で、スクウェア・エニックスのマンガアプリ・マンガUP!にて配信されている。. Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. March 14, 2017. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
- ^ a b Chiu, Kelly (August 24, 2018). "The Perfect Manga Matches for 10 Studio Ghibli Movies". Barnes & Noble. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e "Equivalent Change". Newtype USA. A.D. Vision. January 2006.
- ^ a b c インタビュー (in Japanese). Yahoo. Archived from the original on December 9, 2007. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
- ^ Toole, Mike (December 14, 2012). "Review: Fullmetal Alchemist steampunk brothers return as Brotherhood debuts online". SyFy Wire. NBCUniversal. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
- ^ LaFevers, R. L. (March 21, 2011). "A Steampunk Primer". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
- ^ Stuckmann, Chris (2018). Anime Impact: The Movies and Shows that Changed the World of Japanese Animation. Mango Media Inc. p. 295. ISBN 978-1-63353-733-0.
- ^ a b c "Interview : Hiromu Arakawa". Animeland (in French) (189). Asuka Editions. January 2013.
- ^ Arakawa, Hiromu (2006). Fullmetal Alchemist Profiles. Viz Media. pp. 100–105. ISBN 1-4215-0768-4.
- ^ a b Arakawa, Hiromu (2005). 鋼の錬金術師 パーフェクトガイドブック 2. Square Enix. pp. 168–172. ISBN 978-4-7575-1426-3.
- ^ Johnston, Chris (October 2006). "Fullmetal Alchemist The Movie: Conqueror of Shamballa". Newtype USA. A.D. Vision. Archived from the original on November 24, 2006. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ^ Smith, David (March 18, 2008). "Ten Things I Learned From Fullmetal Alchemist". IGN. Retrieved May 17, 2010.
- ^ Arakawa, Hiromu (2007). Fullmetal Alchemist, Volume 12. Viz Media. p. 185. ISBN 978-1-4215-0839-9.
- ^ Thompson, Jason (June 6, 2013). "Jason Thompson's House of 1000 Manga – Fullmetal Alchemist". Anime News Network. Retrieved September 6, 2013.
- ^ Komatsu, Mikikazu (April 24, 2017). ""Fullmetal Alchemist" Official Fan Event to be Held on July 12". Crunchyroll. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
...an offcial fan event is confirmed to be held on July 12. Arakawa's original manga started its serialization in the August 2001 issue of Square Enix's Monthly Shonen Gangan published on the same day of 2001.
- ^ 『鋼の錬金術師』20周年記念特番が7月12日に配信。初解禁情報や、声優・朴璐美さん&釘宮理恵さんが“ハガレン”の思い出を振り返る企画も. Famitsu (in Japanese). July 6, 2021. Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
- ^ Loo, Egan (May 6, 2010). "FMA's Irie Confirms Animating Manga's End in 2 Months". Anime News Network. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
- ^ 月刊少年ガンガン:「鋼の錬金術師」最終回の7月号完売 ネットオークションで定価の6倍以上. Mantan Web (in Japanese). June 17, 2010. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
- ^ 少年ガンガン9月号に「鋼の錬金術師」最終回を再掲載へ、7月号が完売続出で読めなかった人多数発生のため. Gigazine (in Japanese). June 21, 2010. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
- ^ Loo, Egan (August 7, 2010). "Fullmetal Alchemist Special side story manga in September". Anime News Network. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist 'Prototype' Manga to Run in June". Anime News Network. April 11, 2011. Retrieved September 10, 2011.
- ^ 鋼の錬金術師 1巻 (in Japanese). Square Enix. October 20, 2009.
- ^ 鋼の錬金術師(27)(完) (in Japanese). Square Enix. September 5, 2013.
- ^ a b c "鋼の錬金術師 BOOKS" (in Japanese). Square Enix. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. Retrieved April 19, 2008.
- ^ 鋼の錬金術師 完全版 1 (in Japanese). Square Enix. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
- ^ 鋼の錬金術師 完全版 18(完) (in Japanese). Square Enix. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist, Vol. 1". Viz Media. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist, Vol. 27". Viz Media. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist (3-in-1 Edition), Vol. 1". Viz Media. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist (3-in-1 Edition), Vol. 9". Viz Media. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
- ^ "Yen Press Releases Digital Manga Worldwide". Anime News Network. April 29, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
- ^ Fullmetal Alchemist – Yen Press
- ^ Ressler, Karen (December 12, 2016). "ComiXology Digital Platform Adds Yen Press Manga". Anime News Network. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist". ComiXology. Archived from the original on January 13, 2017. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist: Fullmetal Edition, Vol. 1". Viz Media. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist (Manga)". Madman Entertainment. Archived from the original on July 28, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
- ^ "Available Issues for FullMetal Alchemist". Chuang Yi. Archived from the original on December 20, 2010. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
- ^ "Tytuły/Fullmetal Alchemist" (in Polish). Japonica Polonica Fantastica. Archived from the original on October 14, 2007. Retrieved July 16, 2008.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist T1" (in French). Kurokawa. Retrieved July 16, 2008.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist Editora JBC" (in Portuguese). Editora JBC. Archived from the original on September 8, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2008.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist" (in Italian). Panini Comics. Retrieved March 31, 2009.
- ^ 강철의 연금술사 26권 (in Korean). Haksan. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
- ^ "New Fullmetal Alchemist TV Anime Series Confirmed". Anime News Network. August 20, 2008. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
- ^ "Manga UK Adds New Fullmetal Alchemist, Sengoku Basara". Anime News Network. February 9, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
- ^ "Japanese Box Office". Anime News Network. July 27, 2005. Retrieved April 2, 2009.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood Movie Teaser Streamed". Anime News Network. November 14, 2010. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
- ^ Chapman, Paul (March 30, 2016). "Live-Action "Fullmetal Alchemist" Film Works Its Magic in 2017". Crunchyroll.
- ^ a b c d 原作/荒川 弘 著者/井上 真 (in Japanese). Square Enix. Archived from the original on March 5, 2008. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist (Novel series)". Viz Media. Archived from the original on October 17, 2006. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist, Under the Faraway Sky (Novel)". SimonSays.com. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
- ^ 小説「鋼の錬金術(1) 砂礫の大地」 原作/荒川弘 著者/井上真 (in Japanese). Square Enix. Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist (Novel): Under the Far Away Sky". Viz Media. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
- ^ 鋼の錬金術師 FULLMETAL ALCHEMIST 暁の王子-黄昏の少女 (in Japanese). Square Enix. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
- ^ "コミックCDコレクション「鋼の錬金術師 偽りの光、真実の影」" (in Japanese). Square Enix. Archived from the original on May 10, 2008. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
- ^ "罪を背負いし兄弟の物語がRPGに! PSP「鋼の錬金術師FA 約束の日へ」" [The Tale of Brothers Burdened with Sin Gets an RPG! PSP Fullmetal Alchemist: To the Promised Day] (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. March 19, 2010. Retrieved March 19, 2010.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist DS-bound". GameSpot. Archived from the original on December 17, 2008. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist video games" (in Japanese). Sony. Archived from the original on June 26, 2008. Retrieved August 5, 2006.
- ^ "鋼の錬金術師FULLMETAL ALCHEMIST -暁の王子- 特典 原画集付き" (in Japanese). Retrieved July 31, 2009.
- ^ Gantayat, Anoop (September 14, 2009). "Fullmetal Alchemist Continues on Wii". IGN. Archived from the original on September 23, 2009. Retrieved October 29, 2008.
- ^ "Funimation Announces Series of Fullmetal Alchemist Games". Anime News Network. June 16, 2006. Retrieved April 17, 2008.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist Video Games coming from Destineer". Anime News Network. June 6, 2006. Retrieved August 5, 2006.
- ^ a b "Fullmetal Alchemist: Trading Card Game product page". Gamestop.com. Archived from the original on March 15, 2008. Retrieved October 20, 2007.
- ^ Spencer (July 17, 2009). "Portable Fullmetal Alchemist Fighting Game Teased". Siliconera.com. Retrieved August 7, 2009.
- ^ Spencer (March 4, 2010). "Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood Game Picked Up For Europe". Siliconera. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
- ^ Ishann (March 21, 2010). "Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood Makes Its Way Into MapleStory". Siliconera. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
- ^ Mateo, Alex (December 17, 2021). "Fullmetal Alchemist Mobile Game's 1st Promo Video Reveals Summer 2022 Launch". Anime News Network. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
- ^ Alfonso, Andrew (May 13, 2004). "E3 2004: Fullmetal Alchemist – Interview". IGN. pp. 1–3. Archived from the original on December 20, 2008. Retrieved May 27, 2008.
- ^ Gantayat, Anoop (September 24, 2004). "TGS 2004: Fullmetal Alchemist Q&A". IGN. Archived from the original on December 20, 2008. Retrieved May 28, 2008.
- ^ "The Art of Fullmetal Alchemist". Viz Media. Archived from the original on November 12, 2011. Retrieved April 19, 2008.
- ^ "The Art of Fullmetal Alchemist 2". Viz Media. Archived from the original on November 12, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
- ^ "荒川弘イラスト集 FULLMETAL ALCHEMIST 3". Square Enix. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist Profiles (manga)". Viz Media. Archived from the original on November 12, 2011. Retrieved April 19, 2008.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist Chronicle" (in Japanese). Square Enix. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
- ^ "Mediacom Fullmetal Alchemist Figures Available from Southern Island This Month". Anime News Network. January 6, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2008.
- ^ "Anime Collectible Maker Southern Island Goes Bankrupt". Anime News Network. November 28, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2008.
- ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist TCG Announced". Anime News Network. March 15, 2005. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
- ^ "R.I.P. 'FMA TCG'". ICv2. July 31, 2007. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
- ^ 小学館漫画賞:歴代受賞者 (in Japanese). Shogakukan. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved August 19, 2007.
- ^ "Previous Winners: 2010". eagleawards.co.uk. Archived from the original on March 14, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
- ^ "Previous Winners: 2011". eagleawards.co.uk. Archived from the original on March 14, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
- ^ "日本SFファングループ連合会議: 星雲賞リスト" (in Japanese). Retrieved October 20, 2012.
- ^ "15th Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize Winners Announced". Anime News Network. May 2, 2011. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
- ^ "第15回 2011|手塚治虫文化賞20周年:朝日新聞デジタル" (in Japanese). Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
- ^ みんなが選ぶTSUTAYAコミック大賞2017 結果発表!. Tsutaya (in Japanese). Culture Convenience Club. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "Survey: Slam Dunk Manga is #1 Choice for Live-Action (Updated)". Anime News Network. May 3, 2009. Retrieved June 12, 2009.
- ^ Pink, Daniel (October 22, 2007). "Japan, Ink: Inside the Manga Industrial Complex". Wired. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ Kemps, Heidi; Lamb, Lynzee (October 25, 2013). "Interview: BONES Studio President Masahiko Minami". Anime News Network. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
- ^ テレビ朝日『国民15万人がガチで投票!漫画総選挙』ランキング結果まとめ! 栄えある1位に輝く漫画は!?. animate Times (in Japanese). Animate. January 3, 2021. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
- ^ Crocker, Jeremy (May 11, 2004). "Fullmetal Alchemist Episodes 1–30". Anime News Network. Retrieved April 17, 2008.
- ^ "Japanese Comic Ranking, December 28 – January 10". Anime News Network. January 13, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
- ^ "Businesses". Square Enix. Archived from the original on March 29, 2019. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
- ^ 20周年の『鋼の錬金術師』に新展開!? 朴璐美、釘宮理恵が出演する記念特別番組の配信が決定!. Dengeki Online (in Japanese). July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
- ^ "BookScan's Top 20 Graphic Novels for March". ICv2. April 2, 2008. Retrieved April 8, 2008.
- ^ "Manga Back on Booklist". Anime News Network. November 4, 2006. Retrieved April 5, 2008.
- ^ "September 3 Booklist". Anime News Network. September 13, 2006. Retrieved April 5, 2008.
- ^ "Top 100 Graphic Novels Actual—December 2007". ICv2. January 21, 2008. Retrieved August 3, 2009.
- ^ "New York Times Manga Best Seller List, July 19–25". Anime News Network. August 1, 2009. Retrieved August 3, 2009.
- ^ "ICv2 2005 Manga Awards—Part 1". ICv2. March 22, 2008. Retrieved January 3, 2006.
- ^ "2008's Top-Selling Manga in Japan, #1–25". Anime News Network. December 19, 2008. Retrieved December 19, 2008.
- ^ "Top-Selling Manga in Japan by Series: 1st Half of 2009". Anime News Network. June 15, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2009.
- ^ "Top-Selling Manga in Japan by Volume: 1st Half of 2009 (Updated)". Anime News Network. June 15, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2009.
- ^ "Producer: No Square-Enix Anime Lost Money in 8 Years". Anime News Network. October 9, 2009. Retrieved October 9, 2009.
- ^ Thompson, Jason (June 6, 2013). "Jason Thompson's House of 1000 Manga – Fullmetal Alchemist". Anime News Network. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
- ^ Harper, Melissa (November 11, 2006). "Fullmetal Alchemist G. Novel 1–3 – Review". Anime News Network. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
- ^ Goldstein, Hilary (March 5, 2005). "Fullmetal Alchemist Vol. 1 Review". IGN. Retrieved March 23, 2008.
- ^ Ellingwood, Holly (March 4, 2007). "Fullmetal Alchemist (Vol. 11)". activeAnime. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
- ^ Pine, Jarred (June 8, 2005). "Mania Entertainment: Fullmetal Alchemist (VOL. 1)". Mania Entertainment. Archived from the original on February 9, 2009. Retrieved August 4, 2009.
- ^ Pine, Jarred (July 25, 2007). "Fullmetal Alchemist Vol. #6". Mania Entertainment. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved July 13, 2009.
- ^ Eries, Sakura (March 6, 2008). "Mania Entertainment: Fullmetal Alchemist (VOL. 14)". Mania Entertainment. Archived from the original on September 17, 2009. Retrieved August 4, 2009.
External links
- Official Gangan Online Fullmetal Alchemist homepage (in Japanese)
- Official Gangan Fullmetal Alchemist manga and novel website (in Japanese)
- Official Viz Fullmetal Alchemist manga website at the Library of Congress Web Archives (archived October 7, 2010)
- Fullmetal Alchemist (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
- Manga series
- 2001 manga
- Fullmetal Alchemist
- 2003 Japanese novels
- 2010 comics endings
- Adventure anime and manga
- Comics set in a fictional country
- Coming-of-age anime and manga
- Dark fantasy anime and manga
- Fiction about alchemy
- Gangan Comics manga
- Genocide in fiction
- Light novels
- Madman Entertainment manga
- Manga adapted into films
- Military in anime and manga
- Philosophical anime and manga
- Prosthetics in fiction
- Revenge in anime and manga
- Seven deadly sins in popular culture
- Shōnen manga
- Square Enix franchises
- Square Enix manga
- Steampunk anime and manga
- Viz Media manga
- Viz Media novels
- Winner of Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize (New Artist Prize)
- Winners of the Shogakukan Manga Award for shōnen manga
- Yen Press titles