Foreign relations of Tajikistan: Difference between revisions
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* Spain is accredited to Tajikistan from its embassy in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. |
* Spain is accredited to Tajikistan from its embassy in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.natvisa.com/embassies-detail?c=Spain|title=Spain Embassies|website=www.natvisa.com}}</ref> |
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* Tajikistan is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Geneva, Switzerland. |
* Tajikistan is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Geneva, Switzerland. |
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Revision as of 14:02, 10 March 2022
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Foreign relations of Tajikistan are based on a desire to secure foreign investment and promote regional security while ensuring Tajikistan's independence. Sirodjidin Aslov is the current Foreign’s Minister of Tajikistan.[1]
Disputes
Outstanding boundary negotiations include talks begun with Uzbekistan to demine and delimit border; however, disputes in Isfara Valley delay completion of delimitation with Kyrgyzstan.[2]
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which Tajikistan has diplomatic relations with:[3]
Afghanistan – 15 July 1989 / 15 July 1992[4]
Australia – 26 December 1991
Canada – 1 January 1992 / 28 March 1992[4]
China – 4 January 1992
Iran – 9 January 1992
Mexico – 14 January 1992
United Kingdom – 15 January 1992
Denmark – 21 January 1992
Turkey – 29 January 1992
Japan – 2 February 1992
North Korea – 5 February 1992
Poland – 11 February 1992
United States – 14 February 1992
Saudi Arabia – 22 February 1992
Finland – 26 February 1992
Germany – 28 February 1992
Cyprus – February 1992
Bangladesh – 1 March 1992
France – 1 March 1992
State of Palestine – 6 March 1992
Malaysia – 11 March 1992
Austria – 25 March 1992
Cuba – 25 March 1992
Philippines – 25 March 1992
Israel – 26 March 1992
Syria – 29 March 1992
Russia – 8 April 1992
Mongolia – 24 April 1992
Ukraine – 24 April 1992
South Korea – 27 April 1992
Belgium – 29 April 1992
South Africa – 5 May 1992
Italy –15 May 1992
Luxembourg – 22 May 1992
Azerbaijan – 29 May 1992
Czech Republic – 5 June 1992
Pakistan – 5 June 1992
Norway – 10 June 1992[5]
Hungary – 2 July 1992
Vietnam –14 July 1992
Romania – 20 July 1992
Netherlands – 27 July 1992
Spain – 4 August 1992
Portugal – 4 August 1992
Thailand – 5 August 1992
Lithuania – 13 August 1992
India – 28 August 1992
New Zealand – August 1992 / 5 April 2013[4]
Greece – 30 September 1992
Armenia – 21 October 1992[6]
Uzbekistan – 22 October 1992
Switzerland – 9 December 1992
Sweden – 9 December 1992
Kazakhstan – 7 January 1993
Kyrgyzstan – 14 January 1993
Moldova – 26 January 1993
Turkmenistan – 27 January 1993
Slovakia – 4 February 1993
Chad – 27 February 1993
Egypt – 1 April 1993
Madagascar – 12 June 1993
Bulgaria – 14 June 1993
Maldives – 6 October 1993
Mali – 15 October 1993
Ghana – 2 November 1993[4]
Albania – 22 December 1993[4]
Guinea – 27 December 1993[4]
Latvia – 11 May 1994
Georgia – 4 August 1994
Indonesia – 27 August 1994
Chile – 14 October 1994 / December 2004[4]
Qatar – 13 December 1994
Morocco – 15 December 1994
Kuwait – 31 March 1995
Bahrain – 20 May 1995
Zambia – 31 October 1995
Serbia – 8 November 1995
Cambodia – 29 November 1995
Iraq – 30 November 1995
Singapore – 8 December 1995
United Arab Emirates – 18 December 1995
North Macedonia – 4 January 1996
Brazil – 29 March 1996
Holy See – 15 June 1996
Lebanon – 21 June 1996
Bolivia –9 August 1996[4]
Belarus – 5 September 1996
Bosnia and Herzegovina – 12 January 1997
Yemen – 25 February 1997
Algeria – 10 June 1997
Laos – 1 October 1997
Libya – 27 April 1998
Uruguay – 1 October 1998
Croatia – 1 April 1999
El Salvador – 7 April 1999
Myanmar – 29 September 1999
Peru – 21 January 2000[7]
Ireland – 18 June 2000
Costa Rica – 28 February 2001[7]
Sri Lanka – 26 April 2001[4]
Sovereign Military Order of Malta – 1 June 2001
Argentina – 14 September 2001
Slovenia – 4 April 2002
Brunei – 2 June 2004
Somalia – 28 July 2004
Uganda – 8 September 2005
Nepal – 13 September 2005
Sudan – 17 September 2005
Eritrea – 19 September 2005
Timor-Leste – 4 October 2005
Venezuela – 5 October 2005
Saint Lucia – 5 October 2005
Iceland – 14 February 2006
Estonia – 23 February 2006
Cameroon – 3 March 2006
Tunisia – 19 June 2006[4]
Montenegro – 3 August 2006
Guatemala – 22 August 2006[4]
Paraguay – 30 August 2007
Malta – 25 September 2007
Andorra – 9 November 2007
Oman – 15 November 2007
Liechtenstein – 28 January 2008
Marshall Islands – 18 February 2010[7]
Dominican Republic – 25 May 2010[4]
Fiji – 20 July 2010[7]
Antigua and Barbuda – 12 April 2011[7]
Dominica – 13 April 2011[7]
Tuvalu – 1 September 2011[7]
Burkina Faso – 12 January 2012[7]
Jordan – 13 January 2012[7]
Solomon Islands – 21 February 2012[7]
Ethiopia – 3 July 2012[4]
Colombia – 5 October 2012[8]
Bhutan – 24 January 2013[9]
Mozambique – 5 September 2013[7]
Benin – 8 July 2014[7]
Ivory Coast – 2 March 2016[7]
Togo – 2 March 2016[4]
Haiti – 9 March 2016[7]
Nicaragua – 30 March 2016[7]
Ecuador – 12 July 2016[7]
Monaco – 13 January 2017[4]
Djibouti – 17 March 2017[7]
Mauritius – 10 May 2017[7]
Republic of the Congo – 13 June 2017[4]
Niger – 26 August 2017[4]
Grenada – 13 October 2017[4]
Bahamas – 5 December 2017[7]
Jamaica – 11 December 2017[7]
Gambia – 18 December 2017[4]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – 18 December 2017[7]
Nauru – 20 December 2017[4]
Belize – 21 December 2017[7]
Samoa – 22 December 2017[7]
Seychelles – 28 December 2017[7]
Zimbabwe – 28 December 2017[7]
Federated States of Micronesia – 29 January 2018[4]
Palau – 30 January 2018[7]
Central African Republic – 15 February 2018[4]
Panama – 29 March 2018[4]
Equatorial Guinea – 21 May 2018[7]
Cabo Verde – 7 June 2018[7]
Saint Kitts and Nevis – 7 June 2018[7]
Rwanda – 30 July 2018[7]
San Marino – 3 August 2018[4]
Vanuatu – 16 August 2018[7]
Comoros – 17 August 2018[7]
Sao Tome and Principe – 24 September 2018[7]
Senegal – 24 September 2018[4]
Suriname – 2 October 2018[7]
Burundi – 18 October 2018[7]
Eswatini – 12 November 2018[7]
Kiribati – 5 April 2019[7]
Kenya – 6 August 2019[7]
Barbados – 8 November 2019[7]
Sierra Leone – 2 October 2020[7]
Angola – 5 October 2020[7]
Trinidad and Tobago – 26 February 2021[7]
Mauritania – 21 September 2021[10]
Bilateral relations
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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See Afghanistan–Tajikistan relations
Relations with neighboring Afghanistan began in 1992 and are generally satisfactory. The areas which form the two countries were once connected, especially during the Samanid, Ghaznavid, and Timurid periods. After a friendship treaty in 1750 between Ahmad Shah Durrani of Afghanistan and Mohammad Murad Beg of Bukhara, the Amu Darya (Oxus River) became the official border of Afghanistan. The Persian language is widely used in both countries, and there are slightly more Tajiks in Afghanistan than Tajikistan.[11] In January 2007, with funding from the United States, Afghanistan and Tajikistan opened a bridge over the Pyanj River linking the two countries. Although the goal is to improve trade, the president of Tajikistan expressed concern that it could also increase drug traffic.[12] In March 2008, Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan issued a joint communique for expanding economic and cultural relations, including improving security.[13] In January 2009, the Afghan government agreed that Tajikistan owned 3,000 hectares of disputed land along the Pyanj River. The issue arose when the river shifted course, leaving several Tajik cotton fields on the Afghan side of the river.[14] | |
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9 November 2007 |
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21 October 1992 | See Armenia–Tajikistan relations
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See Austria–Tajikistan relations | |
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Australia is represented in Tajikistan by its embassy in Moscow.[20] | |
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Although both member of CIS, the economic relations between Azerbaijan and Tajikistan stays at a marginal level. However, in July 2012, Tajik Aluminium Company (TALCO) and Azerbaijani company Azeraluminium signed a cooperation agreement during the official visit of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon to the Republic of Azerbaijan for the construction of an oil refinery in the south of Tajikistan.[21] | |
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21 December 2017 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on December 21, 2017.[22] |
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4 January 2013 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 January 2013.[23] |
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29 March 1996 |
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29 November 1995 |
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1992 |
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See China–Tajikistan relations
At the time of independence, portions of the Tajik boundary with the People's Republic of China were not defined. This boundary dispute was settled in agreements signed in 2002 that would cede 1,000 km² of the Pamir mountain range to China in return for China relinquishing claims to 28,000 km² of Tajik lands. In 2016 the official press agency of the People's Republic of China announced that the state will set up an anti-terrorism alliance with Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan.[25] | |
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1 April 1999 | |
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1 April 1993 |
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2006 | |
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26 February 1992 |
* Tajikistan is accredited to Finland from its embassy in Minsk, Belarus. |
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1992 | See Greece–Tajikistan relations |
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See India-Tajikistan relations
Diplomatic relations between India and Tajikistan were established soon after Tajikistan gained independence following the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union. Tajikistan occupies a strategically important position in Central Asia, bordering Afghanistan and the People's Republic of China and separated by a small strip of Afghan territory from Pakistan. India's role in fighting the Taliban and al-Qaeda and its strategic rivalry with both China and Pakistan have made its ties with Tajikistan important to its strategic and security policies. India's military presence and activities have been significant, beginning with India's extensive support to the anti-Taliban Afghan Northern Alliance (ANA). In 2002, India undertook a US$10 million project to upgrade an old Soviet military base in Ayni, Tajikistan which would support the Northern Alliance forces.[33] The base also had a hospital to treat injured anti-Taliban forces.[34] India provided extensive counter-insurgency military training to Tajikistan and also supplied them with new aircraft.[35] In 2003, the two countries also held a military exercise, the first such war-game by Indian troops in Central Asia.[36] Following the downfall of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, the two countries signed a military agreement to increase military cooperation. Under this agreement, India has deployed 17 Mil Mi-17 helicopters and 150 Indian Army personnel at the Farkhor Air Base with a plan to deploy at least 12 IAF MiG-29s.[37][38] Despite their common efforts, bilateral trade has been comparatively low, valued at US$12.09 million in 2005; India's exports to Tajikistan were valued at US$6.2 million and its imports at US$5.89 million.[39] A Tajik proposal to transmit electric power to India is currently under review.[40] India gave US$2 million worth emergency aid to Tajikistan during the 2008 Central Asia energy crisis.[41] | |
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1991 | See Iran–Tajikistan relations
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan has enjoyed a close relationship with Iran, helped along via a shared Persian identity. Iran was the first nation to establish an embassy in Dushanbe. It was also one of the first countries to extend diplomatic recognition of the newly independent Tajikistan in 1991. Iran provided diplomatic assistance and built new mosques within Tajikistan. Due to the resurgence of Iranian culture within Tajikistan, Iran helped encourage cultural exchange through conferences, media, and film festivals. Iranian television programs, magazines, and books became increasingly common in Tajikistan. However, despite the many things the nations have in common, there are also vast differences. Tajikistan's post communist government is secular while Iran's is Islamic. Furthermore, Iran is a predominantly Shia nation while Tajikistan is Sunni. The leading figures of the Islamic revival movement in Tajikistan have stated that Iran would not be a model for whatever Islamic government they advocate for Tajikistan. As of 2011 Iran is the second largest investor in Tajikistan after China. |
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April 1992 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations in April 1992.[42] |
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2 February 1992 |
Diplomatic relations between Japan and Tajikistan were established on 2 February 1992. Japan opened an embassy at Dushanbe in January 2002, and Tajikistan opened an embassy in Tokyo in November 2007.[43] |
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11 May 1994 |
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13 April 1992 |
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11 March 1992 | See Malaysia–Tajikistan relations
Tajikistan has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[46] |
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25 September 2007 |
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14 January 1992 |
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24 April 1992 |
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23 August 2006. |
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13 September 2005 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 September 2005.[51] |
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See Pakistan–Tajikistan relations
Relations between the two states were established when the republic of Tajikistan became independent following the collapse of the USSR. Trade and cooperation has steadily grown between the two nations, with several summits being held on how to improve trade between the two nations.[52][53] Although relations between the two countries had been strained by the situation in Afghanistan which shares a border with both countries.[54] In March 2008 Said Saidbaig, the Tajik Ambassador, announced that his country would be able to export cheap electricity to Pakistan and Iran.[55] There are hundreds of thousands Tajiks living in Pakistan, although nearly all are from Afghanistan, not Tajikistan. | |
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See Poland–Tajikistan relations | |
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20 July 1992 |
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See Russia–Tajikistan relations
![]() Until 2005, Russia had 11,000 border guards manning the Tajik frontier with Afghanistan. In September 2012, and after months of negotiating, Russia and Tajikistan have reached an agreement on what Russia will pay for its bases in Tajikistan and extended the lease to 20 or 29 years. The bases are used for 9,000 Russian troops of the 201st Motor Rifle Division. The new deal with Tajikistan makes it worthwhile for Russia to upgrade the four army camps and one air base they occupy. To get the long lease, Russia agreed to sell Tajikistan weapons and military equipment at a sharp discount and train Tajik officers in Russian schools, for free, for the duration of the deal. Tajikistan also promises to help keep the heroin out of Russia.[57] | |
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9 September 1995 | |
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5 May 1992 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1992.[59] |
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From 1992 to 1993 South Korea has provided Tajikistan with $50,000 worth of aid and with $500,000 worth of equipment during the Afghanistan crisis.[60] | |
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4 August 1992 | See Spain–Tajikistan relations
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9 December 1992 |
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Jan. 29, 1992[63] | See Tajikistan–Turkey relations
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24 April 1993 | |
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See Tajikistan–United States relations
U.S.-Tajik relations have developed considerably since September 11, 2001. The two countries now have a broad-based relationship, cooperating in such areas as counter-narcotics, counter-terrorism, non-proliferation, and regional growth and stability. In light of the Russian border forces' withdrawal from the Tajik-Afghan border, the U.S. Government leads an international donor effort to enhance Tajikistan's territorial integrity, prevent the transit of narcotics and material or technology related to weapons of mass destruction (WMD), and support a stable, peaceful Tajikistan in order to prevent the spread of influence and activities of radical groups and terrorists.
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14 July 1992 |
Inter-governmental organisation membership
Tajikistan is a member of the following international organisations:
- United Nations
- World Bank
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
- Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
- Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
- Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
- Eurasian Economic Community (EUASEC)
- Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
See also
References
- ^ "Aslov Sirodjidin Muhridinovich - Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan". The Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan to the Swiss Confederation. Retrieved 2016-09-21.
- ^ CIA World Factbook 2000 says, "territorial dispute with Tajikistan on southwestern boundary in Isfara Valley area; periodic target of Islamic terrorists from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan"
- ^ "Tajikistan diplomacy: The past and the present I" (PDF). p. 166. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "LIST OF STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS" (PDF). November 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Norges opprettelse av diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF) (in Norwegian). p. 26. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
- ^ "Bilateral relations: Tajikistan". Retrieved 30 April 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap "Diplomatic relations between Tajikistan and ..." Retrieved 30 April 2021.
- ^ "República de Tayikistán" (in Spanish). 6 January 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
- ^ "Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Republic of Tajikistan". 25 January 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania". 22 September 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Tajiks of Afghanistan". Afghan Network. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
- ^ "Tajikistan, Afghanistan Open New Border Bridge". Javno.com. August 26, 2007. Archived from the original on January 26, 2013. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
- ^ "Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan to bolster economic, cultural ties". Parvand. 2008-03-26. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
- ^ "Afghanistan Cedes Disputed Land To Tajikistan". Radio Free Europe. January 30, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-09-25. Retrieved 2017-01-30.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-04-08. Retrieved 2017-01-30.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Tajikistan - Consulates".
- ^ [2]
- ^ "Tajikistan".
- ^ "Azerbaijan Intends to Build Oil Refinery in Tajikistan". he Gazette of Central Asia. Satrapia. 18 July 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
- ^ [3]
- ^ [4]
- ^ "Embassy of Canada in Kazakhstan".
- ^ Reuters (4 August 2016). "China joins Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan in security alliance". www.atimes.com. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
{{cite web}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ "MVEP • Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations".
- ^ "Overview of Bilateral Treaties of the Republic of Croatia by Country - Tajikistan". REPUBLIC OF CROATIA - Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-24. Retrieved 2017-08-24.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Tajikistan | Ministry of Foreign Affairs".
- ^ [5]
- ^ [6]
- ^ "Embassy of Greece in Russia".
- ^ "Asia Times Online :: South Asia news - India makes a soft landing in Tajikistan". Archived from the original on 4 March 2007. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Defence & Security Intelligence & Analysis - IHS Jane's 360". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ India, Tajikistan to boost military cooperation. Expressindia.com (2002-04-27). Retrieved on 2010-10-21.
- ^ India, Tajikistan to hold military exercises - news. Siliconindia.com. Retrieved on 2010-10-21.
- ^ "India's first overseas 'military base' taking shape in Tajikistan". Archived from the original on 2009-10-06. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ^ Asia Times Online :: South Asia news, business and economy from India and Pakistan. Atimes.com (2008-02-01). Retrieved on 2010-10-21.
- ^ "India, Tajikistan To Develop Bilateral Trade". Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ^ [7] Archived June 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ India offers $2 million aid to cold-hit Tajikistan. Thaindian.com (2008-03-04). Retrieved on 2010-10-21.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2014-07-28.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) of Japan".
- ^ "Dates of Establishment and Renewal of Diplomatic Relations | Ārlietu ministrija".
- ^ [8]
- ^ "Relations of Tajikistan with Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tajikistan. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
- ^ "Tajikistan - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations".
- ^ "Embassy of Mexico in Iran".
- ^ "Error". Archived from the original on 2011-07-22.
- ^ [9]
- ^ "Diplomatic Relations - Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal MOFA".
- ^ "Pakistan, Tajikistan agree to boost trade".
- ^ "Musharraf leaves for Tajikistan on Sunday".
- ^ "BBC News - South Asia - Tajikistan warns Pakistan over Taleban". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ "Tajikistan to supply cheap power to Pakistan". 30 March 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania | Ministry of Foreign Affairs".
- ^ "Russians Continue to Guard the Tajik Border with Afghanistan". The Gazette of Central Asia. Satrapia. 21 September 2012.
- ^ a b http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-issues/96-bilateral-issues/12373-tajikistan [dead link]
- ^ "Tajikistan (Republic of)".
- ^ http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/europe/countries/20070803/1_24633.jsp?menu=m_30_40 [dead link]
- ^ "Spain Embassies". www.natvisa.com.
- ^ [10]
- ^ "Relations between Turkey and Tajikistan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
- ^ "Relations between Turkey and Tajikistan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
- ^ "Embassy of the United Kingdom in Tajikistan".
- ^ "Embassy of Tajikistan in the United Kingdom".
- ^ "Embassy of Tajikistan in the United States".
- ^ "Embassy of the United States in Tajikistan".
- ^ [11]
- ^ [12]
External links
This article incorporates public domain material from "Tajikistan". U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.. State.gov (2010-09-22). Retrieved on 2010-10-21.