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==Overview==
==Overview==
As of 2010, Wind power in Germany provides over 96,100 people with jobs and German wind energy systems are also exported.<ref name=WindEnergie /><ref name=BMU>{{cite web|url=http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/inhalt/42721/|title=General Information - Wind Energy|publisher=[[Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety]]|accessdate=4 June 2011}}</ref> The [[Fuhrländer Wind Turbine Laasow]], built in 2006 near the village of Laasow, Brandenburg, is the tallest wind turbine in the world. Also most other of the tallest wind turbines in the world are situated in Germany, see [[List of wind turbines#Tallest_wind_turbines|List of wind turbines]].
As of 2010, Wind power in Germany provides over 96,100 people with jobs and German wind energy systems are also exported.<ref name=WindEnergie /><ref name=BMU>{{cite web|url=http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/inhalt/42721/|title=General Information - Wind Energy|publisher=[[Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety]]|accessdate=4 June 2011}}</ref> The [[Fuhrländer Wind Turbine Laasow]], built in 2006 near the village of Laasow, Brandenburg, is the tallest wind turbine in the world. Also most other of the tallest wind turbines in the world are situated in Germany, see [[List of wind turbines#Tallest_wind_turbines|List of wind turbines]]. At Germany, there are also most of the most powerful wind turbines in the world, the [[Enercon E-126]].


In Germany, hundreds of thousands of people have invested in citizens' wind farms across the country and thousands of small and medium sized enterprises are running successful businesses in a new sector that in 2008 employed 90,000 people and generated 8 percent of Germany's electricity.<ref name=emp>{{cite web|url=http://dsc.discovery.com/technology/my-take/community-wind-farm.html |title=Community Power Empowers |publisher=Dsc.discovery.com |date=26 May 2009 |accessdate=17 January 2012}}</ref> Wind power has gained very high social acceptance in Germany.<ref name=soc>[http://nccnsw.org.au/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=2148 Community Wind Farms]{{dead link|date=January 2012}}</ref>
At Germany, there are also most of the most powerful wind turbines in the world, the [[Enercon E-126]].


==Repowering==
==Repowering==

Revision as of 21:38, 7 April 2012

Wind farm in Neuenkirchen
Erection of an Enercon E70-4 in Germany

In 2011, the installed capacity of wind power in Germany was 29,075 megawatts (MW), with wind power producing about 8 percent of Germany’s total electrical power[1]. More than 21,607 wind turbines are located in the German federal area and the country has plans to build more wind turbines.[2][3] As of 2011, Germany's federal government is working on a new plan for increasing renewable energy commercialization[4], with a particular focus on offshore wind farms.[5]

Overview

As of 2010, Wind power in Germany provides over 96,100 people with jobs and German wind energy systems are also exported.[2][6] The Fuhrländer Wind Turbine Laasow, built in 2006 near the village of Laasow, Brandenburg, is the tallest wind turbine in the world. Also most other of the tallest wind turbines in the world are situated in Germany, see List of wind turbines. At Germany, there are also most of the most powerful wind turbines in the world, the Enercon E-126.

In Germany, hundreds of thousands of people have invested in citizens' wind farms across the country and thousands of small and medium sized enterprises are running successful businesses in a new sector that in 2008 employed 90,000 people and generated 8 percent of Germany's electricity.[7] Wind power has gained very high social acceptance in Germany.[8]

Repowering

Repowering, the replacement of first-generation wind turbines with modern multi-megawatt machines, is occurring in Germany. Modern turbines make better use of available wind energy and so more wind power can come from the same area of land. Modern turbines also offer much better grid integration since they use a connection method similar to conventional power plants.[9][10]

Offshore wind power

See also: List of offshore wind farms in Germany
See also: Alpha Ventus Offshore Wind Farm, Baltic 1 Offshore Wind Farm, BARD Offshore 1, and Borkum Riffgat

Offshore wind energy also has great potential in Germany.[11] Wind speed at sea is 70 to 100% higher than onshore and much more constant. A new generation of 5 MW or larger wind turbines which are capable of making full use of the potential of wind power at sea has already been developed and prototypes are available. This makes it possible to operate offshore wind farms in a cost-effective way once the usual initial difficulties of new technologies have been overcome.[12]

On 15 July 2009, the first offshore German windturbine completed construction. This turbine is the first of a total of 12 wind turbines for the alpha ventus offshore wind farm in the North Sea.[13]

Following the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents, Germany's federal government is working on a new plan for increasing renewable energy commercialization, with a particular focus on offshore wind farms.[14] Under the plan large wind turbines will be erected far away from the coastlines, where the wind blows more consistently than it does on land, and where the enormous turbines won't bother the inhabitants. The plan aims to decrease Germany's dependence on energy derived from coal and nuclear power plants.[5] The German government wants to see 7.6 GW installed by 2020 and as much as 26 GW by 2030.[15]

Statistics

Wind Power in Germany 1990-2011: Capacity (MW) in red and Generated Energy (GW·h) in blue, using a logarithmic scale.

Installed wind power capacity and generation in recent years is shown in the table below:[16]

Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Installed Capacity (MW) 55 106 174 326 618 1,121 1,549 2,089 2,877 4,435
Generation (GW·h) 71 100 275 600 909 1,500 2,032 2,966 4,489 5,528
% of electricity use 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0
Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Installed Capacity (MW) 6,097 8,750 11,989 14,604 16,623 18,390 20,579 22,194 23,826 25,703
Generation (GW·h) 7,550 10,509 15,786 18,713 25,509 27,229 30,710 39,713 40,574 38,639
% of electricity use 1.3 1.8 2.7 3.1 4.2 4.4 5.0 6.4 6.6 6.7
Year 2010 2011
Installed Capacity (MW) 27,191 29,075
Generation (GW·h) 37,793 46,500
% of electricity use 6.2 7.7

Offshore only:

Year 2009 2010 2011
Generation (GW·h) 38 174 560
% of Wind Gen. 0.1 0.5 1.2

States

Map of German wind farms

In Saxony-Anhalt 48.11% of electricity was produced with wind power in 2011.[17]

Share of the potential annual energy yield of the net electrical energy consumption in 2011:

State No. Turbines Installed Capacity [MW] Share in the net electrical energy
consumption [%]
 Saxony-Anhalt 2,352 3,642.31 48.11
 Brandenburg 3,053 4,600.51 47.65
 Schleswig-Holstein 2,705 3,271.19 46.46
 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1,385 1,627.30 46.09
 Lower Saxony 5,501 7,039.42 24.95
 Thuringia 601 801.33 12.0
 Rhineland-Palatinate 1,177 1,662.63 9.4
 Saxony 838 975.82 8.0
 Bremen 73 140.86 4.7
 North Rhine-Westphalia 2,881 3,070.86 3.9
 Hesse 665 687.11 2.8
 Saarland 89 127.00 2.5
 Bavaria 486 683.60 1.3
 Baden-Württemberg 378 486.38 0.9
 Hamburg 60 53.40 0.7
 Berlin 1 2.00 0.0
offshore North Sea 31 155.00
offshore Baltic Sea 21 48.30
Germany Total 22,297 29,075.02 9.9

See also

References

  1. ^ Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie (Feb 2012). "Die Energiewende in Deutschland" (PDF). Berlin. p. 4.
  2. ^ a b "Wind energy in Germany".
  3. ^ "72,6 Gigawatts Worldwide" (PDF). Wind Energy Barometer. February 2007. Retrieved 4 July 2007.
  4. ^ "100% renewable electricity supply by 2050". Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. 26 January 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  5. ^ a b Schultz, Stefan (23 March 2011). "Will Nuke Phase-Out Make Offshore Farms Attractive?". Spiegel Online. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  6. ^ "General Information - Wind Energy". Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  7. ^ "Community Power Empowers". Dsc.discovery.com. 26 May 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  8. ^ Community Wind Farms[dead link]
  9. ^ Hochstätter, Matthias; Paulsen, Thorsten; Grotz, Claudia (May 2006). "A clean issue -- Wind energy in germany" (PDF). BWE-Bundesverband Windenergie. {{cite web}}: Text ", p. 18." ignored (help)
  10. ^ Fairley, Peter (19 January 2009). "Europe Replaces Old Wind Farms". IEEE Spectrum. Retrieved 24 January 2009.
  11. ^ Rehfeldt, Dr. Knud (January 2007). "Offshore wind power deployment in Germany" (PDF). Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  12. ^ Kuhbier, Jörg (22 February 2007). "Offshore Wind Power in Germany" (PDF). Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. Retrieved 21 June 2007.
  13. ^ Alpha Ventus
  14. ^ Dohmen, Frank; Jung, Alexander (27 April 2011). "Why Germany's Offshore Wind Parks Have Stalled". Spiegel Online. Retrieved 1 January 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  15. ^ Dohmen, Frank; Jung, Alexander (30 December 2011). "Stress on the High Seas: Germany's Wind Power Revolution in the Doldrums". Spiegel Online. Retrieved 1 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  16. ^ Böhme, Dieter (20 February 2012). "Zeitreihen zur Entwicklung der erneuerbaren Energien in Deutschland" (PDF) (in German). Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. Retrieved 04 March 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "Status der Windenergienutzung in Deutschland 31.12.2011 DEWI" (PDF) (in German). DEWI-Deutsches Windenergie-Institut. Retrieved 28 February 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
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