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Reverted 1 edit by Ruvnvalar (talk): Incorrect and altering a direct quote. (TW)
Vucic is pro-EU and his immigration stance is the same as Merkel's. He moderated SPS since Nikolic. Nothing like Orban & the rest. Given the source is a dead link, he should be removed.
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* [[Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović]], President of Croatia (assumed office in 2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/kolinda-grabar-kitarovic-elected-president-of-croatia-1.2897225|title=Conservative populist elected as Croatia's first female president|website=Cbc.ca|accessdate=28 January 2018}}</ref>
* [[Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović]], President of Croatia (assumed office in 2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/kolinda-grabar-kitarovic-elected-president-of-croatia-1.2897225|title=Conservative populist elected as Croatia's first female president|website=Cbc.ca|accessdate=28 January 2018}}</ref>
* [[Mohammed bin Salman]], Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia (assumed office in 2017)<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/saudi-moves-20171108-gzh3ld.html|date=November 12, 2017|title=Lebanon the next battlefield as Saudis escalate bitter struggle with Iran}}</ref>
* [[Mohammed bin Salman]], Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia (assumed office in 2017)<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/saudi-moves-20171108-gzh3ld.html|date=November 12, 2017|title=Lebanon the next battlefield as Saudis escalate bitter struggle with Iran}}</ref>
* [[Aleksandar Vučić]], President of Serbia (assumed office in 2017) and leader of the [[Serbian Progressive Party]]<ref>[https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2017/04/05/serb-m05] {{dead link|date=January 2018}}</ref>
* [[Miloš Zeman]], President of the Czech Republic (assumed office in 2013)<ref name="easterneuro"/>
* [[Miloš Zeman]], President of the Czech Republic (assumed office in 2013)<ref name="easterneuro"/>


Revision as of 10:02, 22 March 2018

For the policy associated with Theodore Roosevelt, see New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt).
Part of a series on
Nationalism
Nation forming
Core values
Types
Organizations
List of nationalist organizations
Related concepts

Neo-nationalism[1][2] or new nationalism[3][4] is a type of nationalism that rose in the mid-2010s in Western Europe and North America and to some degree in other regions. It is associated with several positions, such as right-wing populism,[5] anti-globalization,[6] nativism,[5] protectionism,[7] opposition to immigration[2] and Euroscepticism where applicable. According to one scholar, "nationalist resistance to global liberalism turned out to be the most influential force in Western politics" in 2016.[8] Particularly notable expressions of new nationalism include the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum and the election of Donald Trump as the 45th President of the United States.[9][10][11]

Overview and characteristics

Writing for Politico, Michael Hirsh described new nationalism as "a bitter populist rejection of the status quo that global elites have imposed on the international system since the Cold War ended, and which lower-income voters have decided—understandably—is unfair".[3][4] Michael Brendan Dougherty wrote in The Week that new nationalism is a "broad nativist revolt" against post-Cold War politics long "characterized by an orthodoxy of free trade, nurturing the service economy, neoliberal trading arrangements, and liberalized immigration policies".[12]

The Economist wrote in November 2016 that "new nationalists are riding high on promises to close borders and restore societies to a past homogeneity".[13] Clarence Page wrote in the Las Vegas Sun that "a new neo-tribal nationalism has boiled up in European politics and to a lesser degree in the United States since the global economic meltdown of 2008"[14] and Ryan Cooper in The Week[15] and researchers with the Centre for Economic Policy Research[16] have linked 21st-century right-wing populism to the Great Recession. According to Harvard political theorist Yascha Mounk, "economic stagnation among lower- and middle-class whites [has been] a main driver for nationalism's rise around the globe".[17] According to religion scholar Mark L. Movesian, new nationalism "sets the nation-state against supranational, liberal regimes like the EU or NAFTA, and local customs and traditions, including religious traditions, against alien, outside trends".[8]

David Brog and Yoram Hazony wrote in National Review that some conservatives view the new nationalism associated with Brexit and Donald Trump as a betrayal of conservative ideology while they see it as a "return".[18] According to conservative commentator Jonah Goldberg, the nationalism associated with Trump is "really little more than a brand name for generic white identity politics".[4]

Writing for The Week, Damon Linker called the idea of neo-nationalism being racist "nonsense" and went on to say that "the tendency of progressives to describe it as nothing but 'racism, Islamophobia, and xenophobia'—is the desire to delegitimize any particularistic attachment or form of solidarity, be it national, linguistic, religious, territorial, or ethnic".[19]

Regarding new nationalism, The Economist said that "Mr Trump needs to realize that his policies will unfold in the context of other countries’ jealous nationalism" and called nationalism itself a "slippery concept" that is "easy to manipulate". They also repeatedly contrasted ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism and implied new nationalism could become "angry" and difficult to control, citing Chinese nationalism as an example.[20]

Associated politicians, parties and events

China

China's paramount leader Xi Jinping's concept of "Chinese Dream" has been described as an expression of new nationalism.[21]

Hong Kong

The Hong Kong nationalism evolved from the localist movement in Hong Kong stresses the distinct Hong Kong identity as opposed to Chinese national identity promoted by the Beijing government and its growing encroachment on the city's management of its own political, economic and social affairs.[22][23] The localist rhetorics, often mix with the nation's right to self-determination as well as anti-immigration stances against mainland immigrants and tourists, preserving local identity and culture similar to the Western new nationalism.

Japan

The 63rd and current Prime Minister Shinzō Abe (assumed office in 2012) has promoted ideas of new nationalism as does the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan.[24]

Philippines

Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte (assumed office in 2016) has been described as a new nationalist.[citation needed]

Poland

The sixth and current President of Poland Andrzej Duda (assumed office in August 2015) is regularly cited as being a leading figure in the new nationalist movement within Poland.[25] Furthermore, the ruling Law and Justice party, led by Jarosław Kaczyński, promoted nationalist views to win an outright majority in the national elections of 2015 (a feat never before accomplished).[26]

Russia

President of Russia Vladimir Putin (second President of Russia from 2000 to 2008 and fourth President of Russia from 2012) has been labelled a new nationalist.[9] Putin has been described by Hirsh as "the harbinger of this new global nationalism".[3] Charles Clover, the Moscow bureau chief of the Financial Times from 2008 to 2013, wrote a book in 2016 titled Black Wind, White Snow: The Rise of Russia's New Nationalism.[27]

Turkey

In 2014, Mustafa Akyol wrote of a new "brand of Turkish neonationalism" promoted by Justice and Development Party, the country's ruling party, the leader of which is President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (assumed office in 2014).[28][9]

United Kingdom

The 23 June 2016 referendum in the United Kingdom to leave the European Union ("Brexit") has been described as a milestone of new nationalism.[29][30] Owen Matthews noted similarities in motives for support of the Brexit movement and Trump. He wrote in Newsweek that supporters of both are motivated by "a yearning to control immigration, reverse globalization and restore national greatness by disengaging from the wide, threatening world".[31]

Matthew O'Brien wrote of the Brexit as "the most shocking success for the new nationalism sweeping the Western world".[32] Leaders of the Brexit campaign, such as Nigel Farage, the leader of the eurosceptic UK Independence Party; and former London Mayor Boris Johnson have been called "new nationalists".[3][33]

United States

Donald Trump's rise to the Republican candidacy was widely described as a sign of growing new nationalism in the United States.[3][4] A Chicago Sun-Times editorial on the day of the inauguration of Donald Trump called him "our new nationalist president".[34] The appointment of Steve Bannon, the executive of Breitbart News (associated with the alt-right movement), was described by one analyst as arousal of a "new world order, driven by patriotism and a fierce urge to look after your own, a neo-nationalism that endlessly smears Muslims and strives to turn back the clock on free trade and globalization, a world where military might counts for far more than diplomacy and compromise".[35]

Other countries

The following politicians have all been described in some way as being new nationalists:

The following parties have all been described in some way as being new nationalist parties:

See also

References

  1. ^ Stephens, Bret (21 November 2016). "Trump's Neo-Nationalists". The Wall Street Journal.
  2. ^ a b Eger, Maureen A.; Valdez, Sarah (2014). "Neo-nationalism in Western Europe". European Sociological Review. 31 (1): 115–130. doi:10.1093/esr/jcu087. Based on our combined analyses, we conclude that contemporary anti-immigrant parties constitute a new and distinct party family, which we term neo-nationalist.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Hirsh, Michael (27 June 2016). "Why the New Nationalists Are Taking Over". Politico.
  4. ^ a b c d Goldberg, Jonah (16 August 2016). "'New nationalism' amounts to generic white identity politics". Newsday. To listen to both his defenders and critics, Donald Trump represents the U.S. version of a new nationalism popping up around the world.
  5. ^ a b Barber, Tony (11 July 2016). "A renewed nationalism is stalking Europe". Financial Times. ...the rise of rightwing populist nativism.
  6. ^ Stokes, Bruce (19 December 2016). "Analysis: Europe's far-right anger is moving mainstream". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
  7. ^ Crouch, Colin; Sakalis, Alex; Bechler, Rosemary (2 October 2016). "Educating for democracy". openDemocracy. Some protagonists of the new nationalism - such as Donald Trump and Marine Le Pen - also advocate a retreat from the global economy into individual protectionist nation states.
  8. ^ a b c Movesian, Mark L. (8 December 2016). "The New Nationalism". libertylawsite.org. Online Library of Law and Liberty.; cited in Veith, Gene (9 December 2016). "The triumphs of nationalism". Patheos.
  9. ^ a b c "Trump's world: The new nationalism". The Economist. 19 November 2016.
  10. ^ Persaud, Avinash (20 September 2016). "Brexit, Trump and the new nationalism are harbingers of a return to the 1930s". blogs.lse.ac.uk. London School of Economics.
  11. ^ Rushkoff, Douglas (7 July 2016). "The New Nationalism Of Brexit And Trump Is A Product Of The Digital Age". Fast Company.
  12. ^ Dougherty, Michael Brendan (26 July 2016). "A new nationalism is rising. Don't let Donald Trump destroy it". The Week.
  13. ^ "League of nationalists". The Economist. 19 November 2016.
  14. ^ Page, Clarence (2 July 2016). "Could Brexit foreshadow a victory by Trump?". Las Vegas Sun.
  15. ^ Ryan Cooper (15 March 2017). "The Great Recession clearly gave rise to right-wing populism". The Week.
  16. ^ Manuel Funke; Moritz Schularick; Christoph Trebesch (21 November 2015). "The political aftermath of financial crises: Going to extremes". Voxeu.org.
  17. ^ Detrow, Scott (25 June 2016). "From 'Brexit' To Trump, Nationalist Movements Gain Momentum Around World". NPR.
  18. ^ Brog, David; Hazony, Yoram (7 December 2016). "The Nationalist Spirit of 2016: A Conservative Spring". National Review.
  19. ^ "Liberals keep denigrating the new nationalism as racist. This is nonsense". Theweek.com. 21 September 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  20. ^ "The new nationalism". Economist.com. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  21. ^ Wang, Zheng (10 May 2016). "The New Nationalism: 'Make My Country Great Again'". The Diplomat.
  22. ^ "Hong Kong suffers identity crisis as China's influence grows". The Guardian. 18 April 2016.
  23. ^ "Localism: Why is support for the political perspective growing - and who's behind it?". Timeout.com.hk. 1 July 2015.
  24. ^ Tisdall, Simon (27 November 2013). "Is Shinzo Abe's 'new nationalism' a throwback to Japanese imperialism?". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  25. ^ a b c d "The new nationalism: Eastern Europe turns right". Prospect. February 18, 2016.
  26. ^ Zamoyski, Adam (27 January 2016). "The Problem With Poland's New Nationalism". Foreign Policy.
  27. ^ Clover, Charles (2016). Black Wind, White Snow: The Rise of Russia's New Nationalism. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300120707.
  28. ^ Akyol, Mustafa (23 June 2014). "AKP pushes its own brand of Turkish neonationalism". Al-Monitor.
  29. ^ Toubeau, Simon (24 June 2016). "Brexit: Europe's new nationalism is here to stay". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  30. ^ Khatun, Fahmida (27 June 2016). "Brexit: Rise of neo-nationalism and protectionism?". The Daily Star.
  31. ^ Matthews, Owen (28 June 2016). "Beyond Brexit: Europe's Populist Backlash Against Immigration and Globalization". Newsweek.
  32. ^ O'Brien, Matt (27 June 2016). "The world's losers are revolting, and Brexit is only the beginning". The Washington Post.
  33. ^ Ahmad, Naveed (27 June 2016). "Brexit: a call for xenophobia and neo-nationalism". The Express Tribune.
  34. ^ Sun-Times Editorial Board (20 January 2017). "Editorial: Our new nationalist president". Chicago Sun-Times.
  35. ^ Law, Bill (18 November 2016). "First we take the White House: The rise and rise of Steve Bannon". Middle East Eye.
  36. ^ a b "League of nationalists". Economist.com. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  37. ^ "Mongolia's new nationalist president won't harm China ties". Globaltimes.cn. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  38. ^ a b c CJ Hopkins (12 July 2016). "The Blood-Dimmed Tide of Neo-Nationalism and Other Scary Simulacra". CounterPunch.
  39. ^ Rapoza, Kenneth. "Europe's New Political Equation: Anti-Open Borders Plus Tax Cuts Equals Winning". Forbes.com. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  40. ^ "Salvini tra Russia, nazionalismo e fascismo padano". Huff Post. 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  41. ^ "Blog - Salvini con Casapound: ma la nuova Lega nazionalista aspira davvero a governare? - Il Fatto Quotidiano". Ilfattoquotidiano.it. 9 March 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  42. ^ "La svolta a destra di Salvini. Errori e contraddizioni del programma economico della nuova Lega". Ilfoglio.it. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  43. ^ Wolfram Nordsieck (2013). "Parties and Elections in Europe – Italy". Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  44. ^ Leading lady of Italy's right campaigns for a baby boom
  45. ^ "Czech Republic elects billionaire nationalist skeptical of the EU, immigration". Theweek.com. 23 October 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  46. ^ "'Team Australia': a nationalism framed in terms of external threats". Sbs.com.au. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  47. ^ a b "Did France put an end to the new nationalism?". Troy Media. May 9, 2017.
  48. ^ "The unraveling of Israeli democracy". Times of Israel. December 21, 2015.
  49. ^ "NIGERIA Buhari returns from sick leave to raging battles on economic policy - Blog Post - Africa Confidential". Africa-confidential.com. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  50. ^ "Austria heads for a new, conservative-nationalist government". The Economist. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  51. ^ "La nouvelle Internationale planétaire des nationalistes". Slate.fr. 2 March 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  52. ^ https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/feb/11/fabricio-alvarado-evangelical-christian-costa-rica/
  53. ^ Kaylan, Melik (4 March 2016). "Merkel And Former Communists Versus Orban And The New Nationalists". Forbes.
  54. ^ "Conservative populist elected as Croatia's first female president". Cbc.ca. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  55. ^ "Lebanon the next battlefield as Saudis escalate bitter struggle with Iran". Sydney Morning Herald. November 12, 2017.
  56. ^ "Brexit: Europe's New Nationalism Is Here to Stay". Alternet. June 24, 2016.
  57. ^ Flamm, Lazlo (2012), The Crisis and Eurosceptism in Central and Eastern Europe, International Centre for European Studies, p. 312
  58. ^ "Wer hat Platz in diesem Land?". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. 20 November 2016.
  59. ^ "Nationalism the big winner in Bulgarian election". Reuters.com. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  60. ^ Teitelbaum, Benjamin (2017), Lions of the North: Sounds of the New Nordic Radical Nationalism, OUP
  61. ^ Meaney, Thomas (3 October 2016). "The New Star of Germany's Far-Right". The New Yorker. This article appears in other versions of the October 3, 2016, issue, with the headline "Germany's New Nationalists."
  62. ^ a b Kosmin, Barry A. (2007). Secularism & Secularity: Contemporary International Perspectives. ISSSC. p. 134.
  63. ^ Keddie, Amanda (2017). Supporting and Educating Young Muslim Women. Taylor & Francis. p. 6.
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