Template:War on terror infobox

War on terror
	; Photographs, clockwise from top left: Aftermath of the September 11 attacks; U.S. servicemen boarding an aircraft at Bagram Air Base, Afghanistan; a U.S. soldier and Afghan interpreter in Zabul Province, Afghanistan; explosion of an Iraqi car bomb in Baghdad.; Map: Countries with major military operations of the war on terror.
Date	Main phase: 14 September 2001 – 30 August 2021; (19 years, 11 months, 2 weeks and 2 days)
Location	Global
Result	Major wars ended and heavy fighting mostly ceased Low-level fighting continues in some places; Many terrorist groups disbanded or are heavily weakened; ; Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen (since 1998): Drone strikes being conducted by U.S. forces; Al-Qaeda emirate in Yemen is declared on 31 March 2011; Insurgency escalates into a full-scale civil war by 2014; Al-Qaeda loses its stronghold the city of Mukalla in 2016; Al-Qaeda is defeated in the Hadhramaut Governorate in 2018; The Huthis liberated about 1000km² from ISIS and Al-Qaeda in its Al Bayda offensive in August 2020; The SCT launched an offensive against Al Qaeda in late 2022; War in Afghanistan (2001–2021): United States invasion of Afghanistan; Fall of the Taliban government in Afghanistan; Destruction of al-Qaeda camps and presence in Afghanistan; Failure to quell Taliban insurgency Transfer of combat roles to Afghan Armed Forces; U.S.–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement; US and Taliban Peace Agreement in 2020; ; Taliban emerge victorious and Kabul is recaptured Restoration of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan; Overthrow of the Coalition backed Islamic Republic of Afghanistan; Start of the Panjshir conflict; ; On 30 August the NATO withdrawal and the following evacuation of foreign citizens concluded; A national interim government is announced on 7 September 2021; Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri by a US drone strike at the end of July 2022; Iraqi conflict (since 2003): Iraq War (2003–2011) 2003 invasion of Iraq; Overthrow of the Ba'ath Party government in Iraq; ; Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011) Killing of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in June 2006; Execution of Saddam Hussein in December 2006; Free elections; ; Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013); War in Iraq (2013–2017) Rise and fall of ISIL; ; Continued ISIL insurgency; American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war (2014–present) Civil war transforms in an international campaign against the Islamic State in 2014 Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon (2011–2017); Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war (2012–2018); ; Islamic State loses all its territory in March 2019; Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi in October 2019; Death of Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi in February 2022; Death of Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi in October 2022; Death of Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi in April 2023; Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004–present): Drone strikes being conducted by United States.; Killing of Osama bin Laden in May 2011; Large number of insurgents killed while some fled to Afghanistan; Low-level insurgency; Two failed attempts for a ceasefire and start of peace talks between the TTP and the Pakistani government in November 2021 and May 2022 before they broke down after a few months; Other: Boko Haram insurgency; Insurgency in Cabo Delgado; Somali Civil War; Mali War; Islamic State insurgency in Tunisia; Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir; Moro conflict (until 2019); Sinai insurgency (until 2023); Operation Madago Raya (until 2022); Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso; Jihadist insurgency in Niger; Insurgency in the North Caucasus (until 2017); Second Libyan Civil War (until 2020); Gaza–Israel conflict; Xinjiang Conflict; OEF Horn of Africa; Insurgency in the Maghreb; Islamist insurgency in the Sahel; OEF Philippines (until 2017); OEF Trans Sahara; OEF Caribbean and Central America (until early 2010s);
Belligerents
Main countries: United States; United Kingdom; France; Russia; Other NATO members: Albania ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Croatia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Italy ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Montenegro ; Netherlands ; North Macedonia ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovakia ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Turkey ; NATO global partners: Afghanistan (until 2021) ; Australia ; Colombia ; Iraq (from 2004) ; Japan ; Mongolia ; New Zealand ; Pakistan ; South Korea ; Other Arab League members: Algeria ; Bahrain ; Comoros ; Djibouti ; Egypt ; Jordan ; Kuwait ; Lebanon ; Libya ; Mauritania ; Morocco ; Oman ; Palestine ; Qatar ; Saudi Arabia ; Somalia ; Sudan ; Syria ; Tunisia ; United Arab Emirates ; Yemen ; Other participant countries: Angola ; Armenia ; Austria ; Azerbaijan ; Bangladesh ; Belarus ; Benin ; Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Botswana ; Brunei ; Burkina Faso ; Burundi ; Cambodia ; Cameroon ; Cape Verde ; Central African Republic ; Chad ; Chile ; China ; Costa Rica ; Cyprus ; Democratic Republic of the Congo ; Dominican Republic ; El Salvador ; Equatorial Guinea ; Eritrea ; Ethiopia ; Gabon ; Gambia ; Georgia ; Ghana ; Guinea ; Guinea-Bissau ; Honduras ; India ; Indonesia ; Iran ; Ireland ; Israel ; Ivory Coast ; Kazakhstan ; Kenya ; Kosovo ; Kyrgyzstan ; Laos ; Lesotho ; Liberia ; Madagascar ; Malawi ; Malaysia ; Maldives ; Mali ; Malta ; Marshall Islands ; Mauritius ; Mexico ; Federated States of Micronesia ; Moldova ; Mozambique ; Myanmar ; Namibia ; Nepal ; Nicaragua ; Niger ; Nigeria ; Palau ; Panama ; Philippines ; Republic of the Congo ; Rwanda ; São Tomé and Príncipe ; Senegal ; Seychelles ; Sierra Leone ; Singapore ; Solomon Islands ; South Africa ; South Sudan ; Sri Lanka ; Sudan ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Tajikistan ; Tanzania ; Taiwan ; Thailand ; Togo ; Tonga ; Turkmenistan ; Uganda ; Ukraine ; Uzbekistan ; Vietnam ; Zambia ; Zimbabwe ; International missions: NATO—ISAF ; Resolute Support Mission ; Operation Enduring Freedom Allies ; Multi-National Force – Iraq ; Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa ; Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve ; (note: most contributing nations are included in the international operations)	Main opponents:; Al-Qaeda Lashkar al-Zil ; AQAP ; Ansar al-Sharia (Yemen) ; AQIM ; AQIS ; al-Shabaab ; Khorasan ; Nusrat al-Islam ; AQKB ; Abdullah Azzam Brigades ; Tawhid al-Jihad (Gaza Strip) ; Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades ; Imam Shamil Battalion ; Guardians of Religion Organization ; Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind ; Ansaru ; Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia) ; Iraqi Ba'athist insurgents Naqshbandi Army (2006–Present) ; Al-Awda (2003 – Present) Islamic State Sinai Province ; Libya Province ; Algeria Province ; Central Africa Province ; West Africa Province ; Die Wahre Religion ; Katibah Nusantara ; Islamic State in the Greater Sahara ; Khorasan Province ; Yemen Province ; Boko Haram ; Ansar Khalifa Philippines ; Somali Province ; Ansar al-Sunna (Mozambique) ; Abu Sayyaf ; Al-Khansaa Brigade ; Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade ; Profetens Ummah ; Islamist lone wolves ; Taliban (until 2021); Other groups: East Turkestan Islamic Movement ; Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria ; File:Flag of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham.svg Tahrir al-Sham ; Pakistani Taliban ; Osbat al-Ansar ; Haqqani network ; TNSM ; Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters ; Lashkar-e-Taiba ; Lashkar-e-Omar ; Lashkar-e-Islam ; Lashkar-e-Jhangvi ; Jundallah (Pakistan) ; Fidai Mahaz ; Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries ; Hamas ; Hezbollah ; Palestinian Islamic Jihad ; Popular Resistance Committees ; Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem ; Jaljalat ; Islamic Jihad Union ; Masked Brigade ; Jaish-e-Mohammed ; Ahrar al-Sham ; Fatah al-Islam Jamaah Ansharut Daulah; ; Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid ; Army of Islam ; Hizbul Mujahideen ; Indian Mujahideen ; Harkat-ul-Mujahideen ; Great Eastern Islamic Raiders' Front ; Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group ; Soldiers of Egypt ; Mujahideen Pattani Movement ; Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami ; Rajah Sulaiman movement ; Somali pirates ; Salafia Jihadia ; Ansar al-Sharia (Mali) ; Ansar al-Sharia (Mauritania) ; Ansar al-Sharia (Morocco) ; Ansar al-Sharia (Egypt) ; Ansar al-Sharia (Yarmouk Area) ; Jemaah Islamiyah ; Salafia Jihadia ; Junud al-Makhdi ; Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade ; United Jihad Council ; D-Company ; Dukhtaran-e-Millat ; Al-Badr ; Ansar al-Tawhid (Syria) ; White Flags ; Ansar ul Islam ; Macina Liberation Front ; Aden-Abyan Islamic Army ; Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries ; Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan ; Ansar al-Sham ; Ajnad al-Kavkaz ; Junud al-Sham ; Sham Legion ; Jaysh al-Islam ; Groups with unkown status: Al-Qaeda in the Malay Archipelago ; Al-Qaeda in Bosnia and Herzegovina ; AQSP ; Former groups: 055 Brigade (until 2001) ; Laskar Jihad (until 2002) ; Islamic Emirate of Byara (until 2003) ; JTJ (until 2004) ; Armed Islamic Group of Algeria (until 2004) ; Free Aceh Movement (until 2005) Iraqi Ba'athist loyalists Iraqi Ba'ath Party (banned in 2003 by De-Ba'athification policy) ; Iraqi Baath Movement ; (until 2003) Ba'athist Iraq (2003 only) Iraqi Armed Forces (2003 only); Fedayeen Saddam (2003 only); ; ; SCJL (2007-11) ; MCIR (2014 Only) ; Iraqi Insurgents al-Qaeda in Iraq (until 2006) ; Islamic State of Iraq; (until 2013) ; Islamic Army in Iraq (until 2014) ; Mujahideen Shura Council (until 2006) ; Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna (until 2007) ; Mahdi Army (until 2008) ; Jamaat al-Dawah ila al-Quran wal-Sunnah (until 2010) ; Special Groups (Iraq) (until 2011) ; Black Banner Organization (until ?); ; Islamic Courts Union (until 2006) ; Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (until 2006) ; Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (until 2007) ; Jabhatul Islamiya (until 2009) ; Jund Ansar Allah (until 2009) ; Muaskar Anole (until 2009) ; Ras Kamboni Brigades (until 2010) ; Tunisian Combatant Group (until 2011) ; Jundallah (Iran) (until 2011) ; MOJWA; (until 2013) ; Khalifa Islamiyah Mindanao (until 2013) ; Syrian Islamic Front (until 2013) ; Liwa al-Haqq (until 2014) ; Al-Tawhid Brigade (until 2014) ; Tehreek-e-Khilafat (until November 2014) ; Jund al-Khilafah (until 2014) ; Hizbul Islam (until 2014) ; Ansar Bait al-Maqdis (until 2014) ; Ahrar-ul-Hind (until 2014) ; Jamaat-ul-Ahrar (until March 2015) ; IMU (until 2015) ; Unified Military Command of Eastern Ghouta (until 2015) ; Islamic Front (Syria) (until 2015) ; Abu Salim Martyrs Brigade (until 2015) ; Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade (until 2016) ; Jaysh al-Jihad (until 2016) ; Ansar al-Sharia (Syria) (until 2016) ; Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin (until 2016) ; Caucasus Emirate (until 2016) ; Libya Shield 1 (until 2016) ; Ajdabiya Revolutionaries Shura Council (until 2016) ; Mullah Dadullah Front (until 2016) ; Islamic Muthanna Movement (until 2016) ; Al-Nusra Front (until 2017) ; Harakat Sham al-Islam (until 2017) ; Caucasus Province (until 2017) ; Dokumacılar (until 2017) ; Free Sunnis of Baalbek Brigade (until 2017) ; Jund al-Aqsa (until 2017) ; Ansar Dine (until March 2017) ; Al-Mourabitoun (until March 2017) ; Ansar al-Sharia (Libya) (until May 2017) ; Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (until 2017) ; Ajnad al-Sham (until 2017) ; Fatah Halab (until 2017) ; Army of Conquest (until 2017) ; Al-Mulathameen (until 2017) ; Jaysh al-Sunna (until 2017) ; Islamic Emirate of Waziristan (until 2017/2018) ; Ansar al-Sharia (Derna, Libya) (until 2018) ; Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna (until 2018) ; Khalid ibn al-Walid Army (until 2018) ; Turaifie group (until 2019) ; Derna Protection Force (until 2019) ; National Thowheeth Jama'ath (until 2019) ; Maute Group (until 2019) ; Sabireen Movement (until 2019) ; Rouse the Believers Operations Room (until 2020) ; East Indonesia Mujahideen (until 2022) ; Rajah Sulaiman Movement (until ?) ; Islamic Jihad of Yemen (until ?) ;
Commanders and leaders
Joe Biden; (President 2021–present); Rishi Sunak; (Prime Minister 2022–present); Emmanuel Macron; (President 2017–present); Élisabeth Borne; (Prime Minister 2022–present); Vladimir Putin; (President 2000–2008, 2012–present,; Prime Minister 2008–2012) ; Mikhail Mishustin; (Prime Minister 2020–present) ; Former leaders George W. Bush; (President 2001–2009); Barack Obama; (President 2009–2017); Donald Trump; (President 2017–2021); Tony Blair; (Prime Minister 1997–2007); Gordon Brown; (Prime Minister 2007–2010); David Cameron; (Prime Minister 2010–2016); Theresa May; (Prime Minister 2016–2019); Boris Johnson; (Prime Minister 2019–2022); Liz Truss; (Prime Minister 2022); Jacques Chirac; (President 1995–2007); Lionel Jospin; (Prime Minister 1997–2002); Jean-Pierre Raffarin; (Prime Minister 2002–2005); Dominique de Villepin; (Prime Minister 2005–2007); Nicolas Sarkozy; (President 2007–2012); François Fillon; (Prime Minister 2007–2012); François Hollande; (President 2012–2017); Jean-Marc Ayrault; (Prime Minister 2012–2014); Manuel Valls; (Prime Minister 2014–2016); Bernard Cazeneuve; (Prime Minister 2016–2017); Édouard Philippe; (Prime Minister 2017–2020); Jean Castex; (Prime Minister 2020–2022); Mikhail Kasyanov; (Prime Minister 2000–2004); Mikhail Fradkov; (Prime Minister 2004–2007); Viktor Zubkov; (Prime Minister 2007–2008, 2012); Dmitry Medvedev; (President 2008–2012, Prime Minister 2012–2020) ;	Al-Qaeda Osama bin Laden †; (Founder and first Emir of al-Qaeda); Ayman al-Zawahiri †; (2nd Emir of al-Qaeda); Saif al-Adel; (al-Qaeda Military Chief); Abu Musab al-Zarqawi †; (Emir of al-Qaeda in Iraq); Ilyas Kashmiri †; (Commander of Lashkar al-Zil); Qasim al-Raymi †; (Emir of AQAP); Abdelmalek Droukdel †; (Emir of AQIM); Mokhtar Belmokhtar; (Emir of AQWA); Asim Umar †; (Emir of AQIS); ; Ahmad Umar; (Emir of al-Shabaab); Abu Mohammad al-Julani; (Emir of al-Nusra Front); Muhsin al-Fadhli †; (Leader of Khorasan Group); ; Iraqi Ba'ath Party Saddam Hussein ; Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri (d. 2020) (Ex-Secretary General, Commander of Naqshbandi Army); Salah Al-Mukhtar (Secretary General of Iraqi Baath); Ali Hassan al-Majid ; Tariq Aziz; Qusay Hussein †; Abid Hamid Mahmud ; Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed (Regional Secretary, commander of Al-Awda); Uday Hussein; Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti ; Ra'ad al-Hamdani; Taha Yassin Ramadan ; ; Islamic State Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi ; (5th and current leader of the Islamic State); ; Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi † ; (4th leader); ; Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi † ; (3rd leader); ; Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi †; (2nd leader); Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi †; (Former leader); Abu Ala al-Afri †; (Deputy Emir); Abu Muslim al-Turkmani †; (Deputy Leader, Iraq); Abu Suleiman al-Naser †; (Head of War Council); Abu Mohammad al-Adnani †; (Spokesperson); Abu Omar al-Shishani †; (Senior commander); Abu Nabil al-Anbari † (Emir of North Africa); Abu Abdullah al-Filipini † (Emir of Southeast Asia); Mohammed Abdullah (Emir of Derna); Ali Al Qarqaa (Emir of Nofaliya); Hafiz Saeed Khan † (Emir of Wilayat Khorasan); Usman Ghazi; ; Abubakar Shekau †; (Emir of Boko Haram) ; Taliban Mohammed Omar #; (1st Supreme Commander of the Taliban) (2001–2013); Akhtar Mansour †; (2nd Supreme Commander of the Taliban); Hibatullah Akhundzada; (Current & 3rd Supreme Commander of the Taliban); Quetta Shura; (Senior Taliban council); Abdul Ghani Baradar; Obaidullah Akhund †; Mohammad Fazl; Dadullah Akhund † ; Tehrik-i-Taliban Maulana Fazlullah; (Emir of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan) ; Haqqani Network Jalaluddin Haqqani #; (leader of the Haqqani network); ; Sirajuddin Haqqani ; East Turkestan Islamic Movement Abdul Haq; †(Emir of the East Turkestan Islamic Movement); Abdullah Mansour; (Emir of the East Turkestan Islamic Movement) ;
Casualties and losses
	4.5-4.6 million+ people killed ; (937,000+ direct deaths, 3.6-3.7 million indirect deaths) At least 38 million people displaced ; (Per Costs of War)

Notes

^ Since 2011
^ The War on Terror was also officially declared over in May 2010 and again in May 2013
^ Origins date back to the 1980s.
^ Origins date back to the early 1990s.

References

^
- "Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones, Afghanistan & Pakistan (Oct. 2001 – Aug. 2021); Iraq (March 2003 – Aug. 2021); Syria (Sept. 2014 – May 2021); Yemen (Oct. 2002–Aug. 2021) and Other Post-9/11 War Zones". The Costs of War. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023). "Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023.
- Savell, Stephanie (15 May 2023). "How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health" (PDF). Costs of War. Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2023.
^
- "Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones, Afghanistan & Pakistan (Oct. 2001 – Aug. 2021); Iraq (March 2003 – Aug. 2021); Syria (Sept. 2014 – May 2021); Yemen (Oct. 2002–Aug. 2021) and Other Post-9/11 War Zones". The Costs of War. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023). "Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023.
- Savell, Stephanie (15 May 2023). "How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health" (PDF). Costs of War. Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2023.
^
- "Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones, Afghanistan & Pakistan (Oct. 2001 – Aug. 2021); Iraq (March 2003 – Aug. 2021); Syria (Sept. 2014 – May 2021); Yemen (Oct. 2002–Aug. 2021) and Other Post-9/11 War Zones". The Costs of War. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023). "Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023.
- Savell, Stephanie (15 May 2023). "How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health" (PDF). Costs of War. Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2023.

^ Mike Levine; James Gordon Meek; Pierre Thomas; Lee Ferran (23 September 2014). "What Is the Khorasan Group, Targeted By US in Syria?". ABC News. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
^ "Wilayat al-Yemen: The Islamic State's New Front". Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
^ Penney, Joe (5 October 2011). "The 'War on Terror' rages in the Philippines". Al Jazeera. Qatar. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
Abuza, Zachary (September 2005). "Balik-Terrorism: The Return of the Abu Sayyag" (PDF). Strategic Studies Institute, United States Army. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
^ "Pakistan Taliban splinter group vows allegiance to Islamic State". Reuters. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
^ "Jemaah Islamiyah". Mapping Militant Organizations. Stanford University. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
"Profile: Jemaah Islamiah". United Kingdom: BBC News. 2 February 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
^ "ISIS Now Has Military Allies in 11 Countries". Daily Intelligencer, New York Magazine. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
^ "Pakistani splinter group rejoins Taliban amid fears of isolation". Reuters. 12 March 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Islamic extremist groups to merge in Mali, pledge allegiance to al-Quaida". Archived from the original on 4 March 2017.
^ Thomas Joscelyn (19 November 2014). "UN recognizes ties between Ansar al Sharia in Libya, al Qaeda". Long War Journal. Foundation for Defense of Democracies.
^ Irshaid, Faisal (13 June 2014). "Profile: Libya's Ansar al-Sharia". BBC News.
^ Hashem, Mostafa (27 May 2017). "Libyan Islamist group Ansar al-Sharia says it is dissolving". Reuters.
^ "Video: Pres. Bush Declares War on Terror". ABC News archives. September 15, 2001.
^ "US Drone Kills Afghan-Based Pakistani Taliban Commander". Voice of America (VOA). 4 July 2018.
^ "Terrorism in Pakistan Declines by 89% in 8 Years". Pro Pakistani. 24 April 2018.
^ "Pakistan Taliban extend truce for more talks with government". 18 May 2022.
^ "Key al-Qaeda figure Muhsin al-Fadhli killed in U.S. airstrike in Syria — Pentagon". BNO News. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
^ "Has ISIS Lost Its Head? Power Struggle Erupts with Al-Baghdadi Seriously Wounded". The Daily Beast. 10 May 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
^ "Report: A former physics teacher is now leading ISIS". Business Insider. 23 April 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
^ Matt Bradley and Ghassan Adnan in Baghdad, and Felicia Schwartz in Washington (10 November 2014). "Coalition Airstrikes Targeted Islamic State Leaders Near Mosul". The Wall Street Journal.
^ Alessandria Masi (11 November 2014). "If ISIS Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Killed, Who Is Caliph Of The Islamic State Group?". International Business Times. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
^ "Militant commander Hafiz Saeed killed in Khyber blast". ARY NEWS. 17 April 2015.
^ "Uzbek militants in Afghanistan pledge allegiance to ISIS in beheading video". khaama.com. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
^ "IMU announces death of emir, names new leader". The Long War Journal. 4 August 2014.
^ "Nigeria's Boko Haram pledges allegiance to Islamic State". BBC News. 7 March 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.

[1] Since 2011

[14] The War on Terror was also officially declared over in May 2010 and again in May 2013

[15] Origins date back to the 1980s.

[16] Origins date back to the early 1990s.

[29] 
"Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones, Afghanistan & Pakistan (Oct. 2001 – Aug. 2021); Iraq (March 2003 – Aug. 2021); Syria (Sept. 2014 – May 2021); Yemen (Oct. 2002–Aug. 2021) and Other Post-9/11 War Zones". The Costs of War. Retrieved 10 September 2021.

Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023). "Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023.

Savell, Stephanie (15 May 2023). "How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health" (PDF). Costs of War. Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2023.

[6] "Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones, Afghanistan & Pakistan (Oct. 2001 – Aug. 2021); Iraq (March 2003 – Aug. 2021); Syria (Sept. 2014 – May 2021); Yemen (Oct. 2002–Aug. 2021) and Other Post-9/11 War Zones". The Costs of War. Retrieved 10 September 2021.

[7] Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023). "Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023.

[8] Savell, Stephanie (15 May 2023). "How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health" (PDF). Costs of War. Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2023.

[30] 
"Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones, Afghanistan & Pakistan (Oct. 2001 – Aug. 2021); Iraq (March 2003 – Aug. 2021); Syria (Sept. 2014 – May 2021); Yemen (Oct. 2002–Aug. 2021) and Other Post-9/11 War Zones". The Costs of War. Retrieved 10 September 2021.

Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023). "Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023.

Savell, Stephanie (15 May 2023). "How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health" (PDF). Costs of War. Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2023.

[10] "Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones, Afghanistan & Pakistan (Oct. 2001 – Aug. 2021); Iraq (March 2003 – Aug. 2021); Syria (Sept. 2014 – May 2021); Yemen (Oct. 2002–Aug. 2021) and Other Post-9/11 War Zones". The Costs of War. Retrieved 10 September 2021.

[11] Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023). "Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023.

[12] Savell, Stephanie (15 May 2023). "How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health" (PDF). Costs of War. Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2023.

[31] 
"Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones, Afghanistan & Pakistan (Oct. 2001 – Aug. 2021); Iraq (March 2003 – Aug. 2021); Syria (Sept. 2014 – May 2021); Yemen (Oct. 2002–Aug. 2021) and Other Post-9/11 War Zones". The Costs of War. Retrieved 10 September 2021.

Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023). "Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023.

Savell, Stephanie (15 May 2023). "How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health" (PDF). Costs of War. Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2023.

[14] "Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones, Afghanistan & Pakistan (Oct. 2001 – Aug. 2021); Iraq (March 2003 – Aug. 2021); Syria (Sept. 2014 – May 2021); Yemen (Oct. 2002–Aug. 2021) and Other Post-9/11 War Zones". The Costs of War. Retrieved 10 September 2021.

[15] Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023). "Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023.

[16] Savell, Stephanie (15 May 2023). "How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health" (PDF). Costs of War. Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2023.

[2] Mike Levine; James Gordon Meek; Pierre Thomas; Lee Ferran (23 September 2014). "What Is the Khorasan Group, Targeted By US in Syria?". ABC News. Retrieved 18 October 2014.

[3] "Wilayat al-Yemen: The Islamic State's New Front". Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 15 March 2016.

[4] Penney, Joe (5 October 2011). "The 'War on Terror' rages in the Philippines". Al Jazeera. Qatar. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
Abuza, Zachary (September 2005). "Balik-Terrorism: The Return of the Abu Sayyag" (PDF). Strategic Studies Institute, United States Army. Retrieved 6 May 2015.

[Pakistani_Taliban_pledges_allegiance_to_ISIL-5] "Pakistan Taliban splinter group vows allegiance to Islamic State". Reuters. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.

[6] "Jemaah Islamiyah". Mapping Militant Organizations. Stanford University. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
"Profile: Jemaah Islamiah". United Kingdom: BBC News. 2 February 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2015.

[ISIL_gains_supporters-7] "ISIS Now Has Military Allies in 11 Countries". Daily Intelligencer, New York Magazine. Retrieved 25 November 2014.

[reuters12March-8] "Pakistani splinter group rejoins Taliban amid fears of isolation". Reuters. 12 March 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.

[tvnz.co.nz-9] "Islamic extremist groups to merge in Mali, pledge allegiance to al-Quaida". Archived from the original on 4 March 2017.

[10] Thomas Joscelyn (19 November 2014). "UN recognizes ties between Ansar al Sharia in Libya, al Qaeda". Long War Journal. Foundation for Defense of Democracies.

[11] Irshaid, Faisal (13 June 2014). "Profile: Libya's Ansar al-Sharia". BBC News.

[12] Hashem, Mostafa (27 May 2017). "Libyan Islamist group Ansar al-Sharia says it is dissolving". Reuters.

[13] "Video: Pres. Bush Declares War on Terror". ABC News archives. September 15, 2001.

[17] "US Drone Kills Afghan-Based Pakistani Taliban Commander". Voice of America (VOA). 4 July 2018.

[18] "Terrorism in Pakistan Declines by 89% in 8 Years". Pro Pakistani. 24 April 2018.

[19] "Pakistan Taliban extend truce for more talks with government". 18 May 2022.

[bno-20] "Key al-Qaeda figure Muhsin al-Fadhli killed in U.S. airstrike in Syria — Pentagon". BNO News. Retrieved 21 July 2015.

[21] "Has ISIS Lost Its Head? Power Struggle Erupts with Al-Baghdadi Seriously Wounded". The Daily Beast. 10 May 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2015.

[Deputy_leader_assumes_command_of_ISIL-22] "Report: A former physics teacher is now leading ISIS". Business Insider. 23 April 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.

[ISIL_top_Iraqi_commander_killed_in_airstrike_on_Mosul-23] Matt Bradley and Ghassan Adnan in Baghdad, and Felicia Schwartz in Washington (10 November 2014). "Coalition Airstrikes Targeted Islamic State Leaders Near Mosul". The Wall Street Journal.

[who_is_next-24] Alessandria Masi (11 November 2014). "If ISIS Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Killed, Who Is Caliph Of The Islamic State Group?". International Business Times. Retrieved 25 June 2015.

[ISIL_Wilayat_Khorasan_leader_killed-25] "Militant commander Hafiz Saeed killed in Khyber blast". ARY NEWS. 17 April 2015.

[IMU_joins_ISIL-26] "Uzbek militants in Afghanistan pledge allegiance to ISIS in beheading video". khaama.com. Retrieved 25 June 2015.

[ReferenceA-27] "IMU announces death of emir, names new leader". The Long War Journal. 4 August 2014.

[Boko_Haram_pledges_allegiance-28] "Nigeria's Boko Haram pledges allegiance to Islamic State". BBC News. 7 March 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.

[12]

[note 2]

[note 3]

[note 4]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[note 1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[a]

[b]

[c]

Notes

References

Usage