DJI
![]() | |
DJI | |
Native name | 大疆创新科技有限公司 |
Company type | Private; partially state-owned |
Industry | |
Founded | January 18, 2006 |
Founder | Frank Wang (Wang Tao) |
Headquarters | , China |
Area served | Worldwide |
Products | |
Revenue | ![]() |
Number of employees | 14,000[2] (2018) |
Divisions |
|
Subsidiaries | Hasselblad |
Website | www |
SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd.[3] or Shenzhen DJI Sciences and Technologies Ltd. (Chinese: 深圳大疆创新科技有限公司; pinyin: Shēnzhèn Dà Jiāng Chuàngxīn Kējì Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī)[4] or DJI (大疆创新; Dà Jiāng Chuàngxīn; 'Great Frontier Innovations') is a Chinese technology company headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong, backed by several state-owned entities. DJI manufactures commercial unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) for aerial photography and videography. It also designs and manufactures camera systems, gimbal stabilizers, propulsion systems, enterprise software, aerial agriculture equipment, and flight control systems.
DJI accounted for around 76% of the world's consumer drone market as of March 2021.[5] Its camera drone technology is widely used in the music, television and film industries. The company's products have also been used by military and police forces,[6] as well as terrorist groups, with the company taking steps to limit access to the latter.[7]
US government institutions have prohibited the internal use of DJI products,[8] but as of 2020, various agencies at the local and federal level continued to use DJI products.[6] In December 2021, the United States Department of the Treasury prohibited investment in DJI by US individuals and entities, accusing the company of complicity in aiding the Uyghur genocide.[9][10] Their drones have also been widely used in the Russian invasion of Ukraine as weapons by both parties to the war.[11][12]
History
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/DJIStoreShenzhen.jpg/220px-DJIStoreShenzhen.jpg)
The company was founded in 2006 by Frank Wang (Wāng Tāo, 汪滔).[13] Born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, he enrolled as a college student at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) in 2003. He was part of the HKUST team participating in the ABU Robocon and won third prize.[14]
Wang built the first prototypes of DJI's projects in his dorm room, selling the flight control components to universities and Chinese electric companies. He used the proceeds to move to the industrial hub of Shenzhen and hired a small staff in 2006. The company struggled at first with a high degree of churn among employees, attributed to Wang's abrasive personality and perfectionist expectations. The company sold a modest number of components during this period, relying on financial support from Wang's family friend, Lu Di, who provided US$90,000 and managed the company's finances.[15] In 2009, DJI's components enabled a team to successfully pilot a drone around the peak of Mt. Everest.[6]
In 2010, Wang hired a high school friend, Swift Xie Jia, to run the company's marketing. DJI began to cater more to drone hobbyists in markets outside of China. In 2011, Wang met Colin Guinn at a trade show, and the two of them founded DJI North America, a subsidiary company focusing on mass market drone sales. In 2013, DJI released the first model of the Phantom drone, an entry-level drone which was more user-friendly than other drones on the market at the time.
The Phantom was commercially successful but led to conflict between Guinn and Wang. Midway through the year, Wang made an offer to buy out Guinn, which was refused. By the end of the year, DJI had locked employees of the North American subsidiary out of their email accounts, in the process shutting down the subsidiary's operations. Guinn sued DJI, with the case being settled out of court.[15]
In 2015, DJI eclipsed the success of the Phantom with the Phantom 3, whose even greater popularity was in part due to the addition of a built-in live-streaming camera.[6] DJI was now the largest consumer drone company in the world,[16] driving many of its competitors out of the market.[6] 2015 also marked the beginning of DJI's RoboMaster Robotics Competition (机甲大师赛), an annual international collegiate robot combat tournament held at the Shenzhen Bay Sports Centre.[17]
In November 2015, DJI announced the establishment of a strategic partnership with Hasselblad.[18] In January 2019, DJI acquired a majority stake in Hasselblad.[19]
In 2017, DJI won a Technology and Engineering Emmy Award for its camera drone technology, which was used in the filming of various television shows including The Amazing Race, American Ninja Warrior, Better Call Saul and Game of Thrones.[20] That same year, Wang became Asia's youngest tech billionaire,[21] and the world's first drone billionaire.[22]
Also in 2017, DJI signed a strategic cooperation agreement to provide surveillance drones for use by the Chinese police in Xinjiang.[6]
On June 5, 2018, police body cam and Taser maker Axon announced a partnership with DJI to sell surveillance drones to US police departments.[23][24] As of 2020, DJI products were also widely used by US police and fire departments.[6]
On January 21 January 2019, DJI announced that an internal probe had uncovered "extensive" fraud by some employees who "inflated the costs of parts and materials for certain products for personal financial gain."[25] DJI estimated the cost of the fraud at "up to CN¥1 billion" (US$147 million), but maintained that the company "did not incur a full-year loss in 2018."[26]
In January 2020, the United States Department of the Interior announced that it would be grounding around 800 drones, which it had been using for wildlife conservation and infrastructure monitoring purposes. By March 2020, DJI had retained 77% of the US market share for consumer drones, with no other company holding more than 4%.[6]
In 2020, DJI drones were being used by many countries around the world to combat the Coronavirus.[27] In China, DJI drones were used by the police force to remind people to wear masks. In other countries, such as Morocco and Saudi Arabia, their drones were used to disinfect urban areas and monitor human temperatures in order to contain the spread of the Coronavirus.[28]
In April 2023, a US jury found that DJI's drones with automatic hovering capabilities violated Textron's patents related to drone flight control systems. The federal court ordered DJI to pay $279 million in damages.[29]
Corporate structure
In 2018, DJI raised roughly $1 billion in funds in preparation for an envisioned IPO on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.[30] As of July 2020, these rumors persisted with no indication that an IPO is forthcoming.[31] The company had previously raised $500 million in a 2015 funding round from investors including state-owned New China Life Insurance, GIC, and New Horizon Capital, the latter being co-founded by the son of China's former premier minister, Wen Jiabao.[32]
DJI has also received investment from Shanghai Venture Capital Co., SDIC Unity Capital, owned by the State Development & Investment Corporation, and China Chengtong Holdings Group, owned by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council.[9]
DJI counts roughly 14,000 employees and has 17 offices internationally.[33] The company is known for having a very difficult hiring process as well as an extremely competitive internal culture where teams are often pitted against each other to design better products.[6]
DJI's factories in Shenzhen include highly sophisticated automated assembly lines. Many of the components for these assembly lines are built in-house.[6]
Products
![]() | This section contains content that is written like an advertisement. (September 2022) |
Drone technologies
The DJI Phantom 4 was a popular drone model that was released in 2016.
Model | A2 | Naza V2 | Wookong-M | Naza-M Lite |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of motors supported | 4–8 | 4–8 | 4–8 | 4–6 |
Has built-in receiver | yes (2.4 GHz) | no | no | no |
Hovering accuracy (m) | vertical: ±0.5m / horizontal: ±1.5m | vertical: ±0.8m / horizontal: ±2.5m | vertical: ±0.5m / horizontal: ±2m | vertical: ±0.8m / horizontal: ±2.5m |
Motor-rotor configuration | quad-rotor: +4,X4; hex-rotor: +6,X6,Y6,Rev Y6; octo-rotor: +8,X8,V8 | quad-rotor: I4, X4; hex-rotor: I6, X6, IY6, Y6; octo-rotor: I8,V8,X8 | quad-rotor: +4,X4; hex-rotor: +6,X6,Y6,Rev Y6; octo-rotor: +8,X8,V8 | quad-rotor I4, X4; hex-rotor I6, X6, IY6, Y6 |
Modules
Module | Lightbridge | PMU (A2, Wookong, Naza V2, Naza Lite) | iOSD MARK II | iOSD mini | BTU |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type (Purpose) | Video Downlink | Power Management | On-Screen Display | On-Screen Display | Bluetooth Link |
Works With | A2, Wookong-M, Naza V2 | A2, Wookong-M, Naza V2, Naza-M Lite | A2, Wookong-M, Naza V2 | A2, Wookong-M, Naza V2 | Naza V2 |
Interface | CAN Bus | CAN Bus, Battery Connection | CAN Bus | CAN Bus | CAN Bus |
Battery Requirements | 4S-6S Lipo | 4S-12S Lipo | 4S Lipo and Shared Flight Controller Power | 2S Lipo and Shared Flight Controller Power | Shared Flight Controller Power |
Camera drones
Flame Wheel
The Flame Wheel (风火轮) series are multirotor platforms for aerial photography. As of 2016, there is the hexacopter F550 and the quadcopters F330 and F450. The most recent is the ARF KIT.[34][35]
Model | Flame Wheel F330 | Flame Wheel F450 | Flame Wheel F550 |
---|---|---|---|
Diagonal wheelbase (cm) | 33 | 45 | 69 |
Frame weight (g) | 156 | 282 | 478 |
Take-off weight (g) | 600–1250 | 800–1600 | 1200–2400 |
Phantom
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/DJI_Phantom_2_Vision%2B_V3_hovering_over_Weissfluhjoch_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-DJI_Phantom_2_Vision%2B_V3_hovering_over_Weissfluhjoch_%28cropped%29.jpg)
The Phantom (精灵) series has evolved to integrate flight programming with a camera, Wi-Fi or Lightbridge connectivity, and the pilot's mobile device.[36] Phantoms are made for aerial cinematography and photography applications,[37] but they are also used for recreational purposes.[38]
Spark
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/DJI_Spark_in_flight_%28front%29.jpg/220px-DJI_Spark_in_flight_%28front%29.jpg)
Released in May 2017, the Spark (晓) features a 12-megapixel camera stabilized mechanically by a 2-axis gimbal. The Spark also carries an advanced infrared 3D camera that helps the drone detect obstacles in front of it as well as facilitate hand-gesture control. In addition to a smartphone app with a virtual controller, a physical controller can also be bought.[39]
There have been multiple complaints that the drone switches off and falls while flying.[40] DJI responded to this by releasing a mandatory battery firmware update in August 2017.[41]
Mavic
![]() | This section contains text that is written in a promotional tone. (June 2023) |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/DJI_Mavic_2_Pro_mit_Hasselblad_Kamera.jpg/220px-DJI_Mavic_2_Pro_mit_Hasselblad_Kamera.jpg)
The Mavic (御) series currently includes Mavic Pro, Mavic Pro Platinum, Mavic Air, Mavic Air 2, Air 2S, Mavic 2 Pro, Mavic 2 Zoom, Mavic 2 Enterprise, Mavic 2 Enterprise Advanced, Mavic 3, Mavic 3 Cine, Mavic 3 Pro, Mavic 3 Pro Cine, Mavic 3 Classic, Mavic Mini, Mini SE, Mini 2, Mini 3 and Mini 3 Pro. The release of the Mavic Air 2 was not without controversy, however, as DJI announced that a key safety feature, AirSense (ADS-B), would not be available on models outside the US.[42] Shortages on components and complexities of production owing to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis at the time were blamed.
Starting with the Mini 2, the Mavic name was dropped from most of the new models, such as the Air 2S and the Mini SE.
DJI released the Air 2S on April 15, 2021.[43]
The DJI Mavic 3 and the Mavic 3 Cine were released on November 4, 2021, at 10 p.m. EDT.[44] The Mavic 3 superseded the Mavic 2 Pro and the Mavic 2 Zoom and was priced for prosumers and professionals more than hobbyists. The Mavic 3 Enterprise and Mavic 3 Thermal were released on September 27, 2022, and superseded the Phantom 4 RTK and Mavic 2 Enterprise Advanced drones in surveying, inspection, safety, and rescue tasks.[45] The DJI Mavic 3 Pro and Pro Cine were released in May 2023, with both versions having three cameras.[46][47]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/2019-03-23_-_DJI_Inspire_2_-3986.jpg/220px-2019-03-23_-_DJI_Inspire_2_-3986.jpg)
The Inspire series is a professional series of camera quadcopters similar to the Phantom line, but with an aluminium-magnesium body with carbon fibre arms, as well as detachable props on the Inspire 2. It was presented in 2017.[48]
Inspire specifications:
Model | Inspire 1[49] | Inspire 1 Pro[50] | Inspire 2[51] | Inspire 3[52] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Weight | 3060 g (includes propellers, battery, and Zenmuse X3) | 3400 g (includes battery, propellers, and Zenmuse X5) | 3440 g (includes propellers and two batteries, without gimbal and camera) | 3995 g (includes gimbal camera, two batteries, lens, PROSSD, and propellers) |
Max Takeoff Weight | 3500 g | 3500 g | 4250 g | 4310 g |
Hovering Accuracy Range | Vertical:
± 0.5 m (with GPS positioning) Horizontal: ± 2.5 m (with GPS positioning) |
Vertical:
± 0.5 m (with GPS positioning) Horizontal: ± 2.5 m (with GPS positioning) |
Vertical:
± 0.5 m (with GPS positioning) ± 0.1 m (with Downward Vision System enabled) Horizontal: ± 1.5 m (with GPS positioning) ± 0.3 m (with Downward Vision System enabled) |
Vertical:
± 0.1 m (with vision positioning) ± 0.5 m (with GNSS/GPS positioning) ± 0.1 m (with RTK positioning) Horizontal: ± 0.3 m (with vision positioning) ± 0.5 m (with GNSS/GPS positioning) ± 0.1 m (with RTK positioning) |
Max Angular Velocity | Pitch: 300°/s
Yaw: 150°/s |
Pitch: 300°/s
Yaw: 150°/s |
Pitch: 300°/s
Yaw: 150°/s |
Pitch: 200º/s
Yaw: 150º/s Roll: 200º/s |
Max Tilt Angle | 35° | 35° | P-mode: 35º
P-mode with Forward Vision System enabled: 25º A-mode: 35º S-mode: 40º |
N Mode: 35°
S Mode: 40° A Mode: 35° T Mode: 20° Emergency Brake: 55° |
Max Ascent Speed | 5 m/s | 5 m/s | P-mode: 5 m/s
A-mode: 5 m/s S-mode: 6 m/s |
8 m/s |
Max Descent Speed | 4 m/s | 4 m/s | Vertical: 4 m/s
Tilt: 9 m/s |
Vertical: 8 m/s
Tilt: 10 m/s |
Max Speed | 21.9 m/s (ATTI mode, no wind) | 18 m/s (ATTI mode, no wind) | 26 m/s (Sport mode, no wind) | 26 m/s (Sport mode, no wind) |
Max Service Ceiling Above Sea Level | Standard Propellers: 2500 m
Specially-Designed Propellers: 4500 m |
Standard Propellers: 2500 m
Specially-Designed Propellers: 4500 m |
Standard Propellers: 2500 m
Specially-Designed Propellers: 5000 m |
Standard Propellers: 3800 m
High-Altitude Propellers: 7000 m |
Max Wind Speed Resistance | 10 m/s | 10 m/s | 10 m/s | Takeoff/land: 12 m/s
In-flight: 14 m/s |
Operating Temperature Range | -10° to 40 °C | -10 to 40 °C | -20 to 40 °C | -20º to 40 °C |
Max Flight Time (Hovering) | approx. 18 minutes | approx. 15 minutes | approx. 27 minutes | approx. 25 minutes |
Release Date | November 13, 2014 | January 5, 2016 | November 16, 2016 | April 13, 2023 |
FPV
On March 2, 2021, DJI announced the launch of the DJI FPV, an entirely new type of hybrid drone combining the first-person view (FPV) and high-speed performance of racing drones, the cinematic camera and reliability of traditional consumer drones, and an optional innovative motion controller that allows pilots to control the drone with just single-handed movements. Based on DJI's earlier Digital FPV system, the drone features high-performance motors for a maximum air speed of 140 km/h (87 mph) and a 0–100 km acceleration of just 2 seconds under manual mode, an intuitive user interface and the latest safety features for greater flight control. The new FPV system lets pilots see from the drone's perspective in low-latency high-definition video thanks to "O3", the third iteration of DJI's proprietary OcuSync technology. It allows pilots to capture ultra-smooth and stable 4K video at 60 fps with the stabilization of RockSteady electronic image stabilization.[53]
Industrial UAV
Spreading Wings
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hexacopter_Multicopter_DJI-S800_on-air_credit_Alexander_Glinz.jpg/220px-Hexacopter_Multicopter_DJI-S800_on-air_credit_Alexander_Glinz.jpg)
The Spreading Wings (筋斗云) series are mainly industrial UAVs for professional aerial photography, high definition 3D mapping, ultra-light search and rescue, and surveillance etc. based on camera gear on board. In 2013, two models were released: S800 regular and EVO.[54]
Model | Spreading Wings S800 | Spreading Wings S800 EVO | Spreading Wings S900 | Spreading Wings S1000 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Diagonal wheelbase (cm) | 80 | 80 | 90 | 104.5 |
Empty weight (kg) | 2.6 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 4.2 |
Take-off weight (kg) | 5–7 | 6–8 | 4.7–8.2 | 6–11 |
Endurance (min) | 16 | 20 | 18 | 15 |
Operating temperature (°C) | — | — | - 10 to 40 | - 10 to 40 |
Matrice
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Besichtigung_ICE-Instandhaltungswerk_K%C3%B6ln-Nippes_Februar_2018-9436.jpg/220px-Besichtigung_ICE-Instandhaltungswerk_K%C3%B6ln-Nippes_Februar_2018-9436.jpg)
The Matrice (经纬) series is designed for industrial applications, including surveying, inspection, search and rescue and firefighting.[55]
The Matrice 100 is a fully programmable and customizable drone, launched on July 6, 2015.[56] It has expansion bay and communication ports, which allows developers to add additional components for different purposes.[57]
Agras
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/DJI_Agriculture%2C_Agritechnica_2023%2C_Hanover_%28P1160331%29.jpg/220px-DJI_Agriculture%2C_Agritechnica_2023%2C_Hanover_%28P1160331%29.jpg)
Agras is DJI's agricultural drone series with a takeoff weight of 25–80 kg. These drones are used for spraying crops. Agras models have environmental protection and have IP67 rating for core parts and IP54 rating for batteries.[58]
Stabilized cameras
Ronin
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Habib_Wahid_with_DJI_Ronin-S.jpg/220px-Habib_Wahid_with_DJI_Ronin-S.jpg)
The Ronin (如影) is a standalone ground-based camera platform developed for cinematography and aerial filmmaking in professional environments. It is built for professional videography and photography and targets the film industry. By using three individual motors, Ronin stabilizes when moving vigorously.[59] Later models of the Ronin include the Ronin-M, Ronin 2, Ronin-S, Ronin-SC, and the Ronin 4D.[60][61]
Osmo
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DJI_OSMO_on_side.jpg/220px-DJI_OSMO_on_side.jpg)
The Osmo (灵眸) is a camcorder developed by DJI. The camera uses a smartphone to view camera footage and can record 4K and take either 12–16 MP stills. Later models include the Osmo Pocket[62] and the Osmo Action.[63][64][65]
The Osmo mobile relies on the user's smartphone as the camera. Most smartphones are accepted into the gimbal with a width range of 2.31–3.34 inch (58.6–84.8 mm). The original Osmo Mobile has reached its end-of-life and has been replaced with a second generation, called Mobile Osmo 2.[66][67][68] Osmo Mobile 3 was announced in August 2019, and is designed for the social media crowd.[69]
FPV Equipment
The DJI FPV series[70] are head-mounted displays designed for FPV drone flying. There are two different product lines in the FPV series, the DJI Goggles (DJI飞行眼镜) and the Digital FPV System (FPV数字图传系统). The DJI Goggles are designed to interface with DJI-branded drones, using dual LC display screens, wireless connectivity and direct photo and video capture control. In November 2017, DJI also released DJI Goggles RE ("Racing Edition"), which featured compatibility with racing quadcopters.[71] The DJI Digital FPV System and O3 Air Unit are standalone systems designed for non-DJI products, including custom-built FPV drones.
Educational robots
RoboMaster S1
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/DJI_RoboMaster_S1_-_2.jpg/220px-DJI_RoboMaster_S1_-_2.jpg)
On 11 June 2019, DJI unveiled the RoboMaster S1 (机甲大师 S1), its first consumer ground drone, named after DJI's annual RoboMaster robot combat competition,[72] of which it is now an unofficial mascot. The S1 is a tank-like rover remotely controlled in first-person view via Wi-Fi and an app on Microsoft Windows, Apple iOS or Google Android mobile devices. Designed to be an "advanced educational robot", the user has to assemble the S1 out of the box from loose parts and learn to program its AI functionality. Both Scratch and Python are programming languages employed by DJI along with app learning modules to teach the end user how to code.[73]
RoboMaster EP
The DJI RoboMaster EP (机甲大师 EP) was officially released on March 9, 2020, although it was first teased in a YouTube RoboMaster S1 commercial on November 25, 2019.[74]
The EP supports more than 20 third-party sensors and open-source hardware such as Micro Bit, Arduino and Raspberry Pi.[75]
Controversies
Privacy and security concerns in the US
The United States Department of the Interior's Office of Aviation Services said in their analysis in July 2017 that DJI's software did not meet requirements "to decline and lock out any device information sharing including telemetry through aircraft, software or applications preventing any automated uploads or downloads."[76] As response DJI published the offline mode that allows its drones to fly without transferring data over the internet.[77]
The Register reported in August 2017 that the DJI GO app contained JSPatch framework which allowed DJI to hot-patch the app without triggering a review by Apple, or without first seeking user consent. This was against Apple's rules and 45,000 apps were blocked from the App Store because of "hot patching concerns".[78] In August the United States Army also changed its internal guidance on disallowing the use of DJI products, especially in battlefield scenarios. Guidance was based on an Army Research Laboratory report from May 2017 which found cyber-vulnerabilities.[79][80] The US Army's decision launched public research where it was speculated that the decision was because the data link between the controller and the drone was vulnerable.[81]
As a result, DJI released a bug bounty program for finding flaws. Security researcher Kevin Finisterre reported a security breach of private customer data at DJI to the bug bounty program. In the breach, developers had pushed the private keys for SSL, Cloud storage and firmware AES keys to a GitHub repository. As per Finisterre's description in Ars Technica, he was "able to access flight log data and images uploaded by DJI customers, including photos of government IDs, drivers licenses, and passports. Some of the data included flight logs from accounts associated with government and military domains." However, after extended communication with DJI, he decided to turn down the $30,000 bounty and publish the information.[82]
In 2018, in response to the allegations of mishandling user data, DJI commissioned Kivu Consulting to make larger analysis. Kivu found that only DJI GO 4 app was connected to the Internet, it worked without Internet connection and only uploaded data after user confirmation. It also used servers which were located in the US except the crash reporting app called Bugly which uploaded crash reports to the server located in China.[79]
In January 2020, the United States Department of the Interior announced that it would be grounding around 800 DJI drones over security concerns, which it had been using for wildlife conservation and infrastructure monitoring purposes.[83]
In a May 2020 report analyzing the data use of DJI's Mimo app, which is used to control Osmo gimbals from a smartphone, security research company River Loop Security made several discoveries "of concern" for users and policy-makers.[84] According to the researchers, the social media app sends a variety of data, including sensitive personal information, through insecure means to servers located in China without user consent, raising suspicions that personal user data could be freely accessible to the Chinese authorities.[84] User information was also sent to third-party servers, "where the Terms of Use Agreement supports cooperation with the Chinese Government."[84]
In July 2020, the reports by Synacktiv and GRIMM on the security of the DJI GO 4 mobile app found that it collected user information (IMSI, IMEI, the serial number of the SIM card) from phones and was able to force the installation of updates. The app also prompted the user to grant permission to "Install Unknown Apps" for installing updates from the DJI website.[85] The app also integrated into the social media site Weibo's SDK in a similar way and allowed to install Weibo related third-party apps also. Synacktiv wrote "Given the wide permissions required by DJI GO 4—contacts, microphone, camera, location, storage, change network connectivity—the DJI or Weibo Chinese servers have almost full control over the user's phone."[86]
DJI responded that "system detects if a DJI app is not the official version – for example, if it has been modified to remove critical flight safety features like geofencing or altitude restrictions – we notify the user and require them to download the most recent official version of the app from our website. In future versions, users will also be able to download the official version from Google Play if it is available in their country".[87] In the statement release, DJI said that to use Weibo SDK, users need to proactively turn it on.[87] DJI also responded that, "DJI GO 4 is not able to restart itself without input from the user, and we are investigating why these researchers claim (that it will stay running after it is closed)".[88] In August 2020, Synacktiv alleged that DJI's Pilot app shares many of the same issues present in DJI GO 4, which DJI denied.
A 2020 analysis by Booz Allen Hamilton reported that they did not find evidence of unauthorized data transfers to China. The apps used the backend servers located in US. The only exception was the crash analytics, which connected to Chinese servers.[89]
In November 2020, senators Chris Coons, Rick Scott, and others criticized a decision by the United States Air Force to purchase DJI drones on security grounds.[90]
The prospect of a complete ban on DJI drones in the United States is controversial for many reasons. Primary concerns included disruption to the manufacturing ecosystem, delaying technology development, and causing humanitarian, policy, and ethics issues.[91][92]
US sanctions
In December 2020, the United States Department of Commerce added DJI to the Bureau of Industry and Security's Entity List.[93][94] In January 2021, President Trump signed an executive order mandating the removal of Chinese-made drones from U.S. government fleets.[95] In December 2021, the United States Department of the Treasury prohibited investment in DJI by US individuals and entities, accusing the company of assisting the People's Liberation Army and complicity in aiding the Uyghur genocide.[10] In October 2022, the United States Department of Defense added DJI to a list of "Chinese military companies" operating in the U.S.[96]
Pentagon analysis
In May 2021, United States Department of Defense issued an analysis on DJI products. The unclassified portion of the report concluded that two[97] types of drone in the DJI "Government Edition" line-up shows "no malicious code or intent and are recommended for use by government entities and forces working with US services."[98] This is according to a summary obtained by The Hill,[99] though the Defense Department did not respond to an inquiry asking for elaboration.
Incidents involving DJI products
In January 2015, a Phantom 3 drone crashed into the White House's south lawn, in Washington, D.C., US.[100] DJI later set up a no-fly Geo-system according to prohibited airspace, and forced all drones to update the firmware. The system introduced will prevent flights from getting closer to, or take off in restricted zones, based on GPS location.[101]
In the 2015 Tokyo drone incident, a DJI Phantom 2 drone carrying radioactive material landed on the official residence of the Prime Minister of Japan. Subsequently, the National Diet passed a law restricting drone flights near government buildings and nuclear sites.[102]
In 2016, ISIS used DJI drones as exploding devices in Iraq.[103][104] DJI later created a broad no-fly zone over nearly all of Iraq and Syria.[7] That year, a DJI drone was nearly involved in a midair collision with a Chinese fighter jet. The Chinese government subsequently insisted that DJI develop an air traffic registry to track its drones within China.[6]
On 30 March 2018, Israel Defense Forces used DJI's Matrice 600 drones to drop tear gas from above.[105][106]
On 4 August 2018, two Matrice 600 drones detonated explosives near Avenida Bolívar, Caracas in an apparent attempt to assassinate Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro.[107]
Russian invasion of Ukraine
DJI drones have been used by both Ukraine and Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. They have served as a tactical surveillance, strike, and propaganda tool by Ukraine's armed forces.[108] According to the investigation by Faine Greenwood of the Foreign Policy, DJI drones are sourced by governments, hobbyists, international donations to Ukraine and Russia to support each side on the battlefield, and were often flown by drone hobbyists recruited by the armed forces. The prevalence of DJI drones was attributable to their market dominance, affordability, high performance, and reliability.[109]
Ukraine has used DJI drones extensively after being invaded, while battlefield footage suggests their usage by Russia as well. After German retailer MediaMarkt stopped selling DJI drones, DJI said that its products were for civilian use and inappropriate for the military.[110] Following criticism of the company's operation in Russia, DJI suspended its business in both Russia and Ukraine to prevent its products from being used in combat.[111][112]
Ukrainian troops have used DJI drones to conduct reconnaissance and direct strikes on Russian forces.[113] Ukrainian troops have also used modified DJI drones to drop improvised explosives on opposing forces.[114] Fitted with high-definition cameras, Ukrainian troops also used the DJI drones to produce effective propaganda materials, including live war footage of Russian forces and heavy equipment being destroyed.[108]
A Ukrainian soldier told CNN that Russian forces were able to use the drones' AeroScope function to track Ukrainian operators.[115] Ukrainian Vice Prime Minister Mykhailo Fedorov said that without no-fly zones imposed by DJI, its drones were being used by Russia against Ukrainian forces and that Russian forces were able to track Ukrainian drones using the AeroScope detection platform.[116][117] DJI replied to him on Twitter saying that its drones are designed for civilians and that requirements such as AeroScope and Remote ID make them inappropriate for military use. DJI can set up geofencing in Ukraine if its government were to make a formal request, but doing so could affect all parties' drones unless individual units are prevented from downloading the geofencing update.[118] The Verge did not find any confirmed reports on Russian AeroScope usage and interviewed a DJI spokesperson to clarify the issue.[119]
See also
References
- ^ "大疆造车疑云". Jun 30, 2021. Retrieved Jun 30, 2021.
- ^ "关于大疆:DJI大疆招聘". Retrieved Apr 7, 2020.
- ^ "Company Overview of SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
- ^ "10 Things You Probably Didn't Know About DJI". Uplift Drones. June 20, 2018. Archived from the original on June 20, 2018.
- ^ "China's Thriving Drone Industry". Asia Perspective. Retrieved 2022-11-24.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Schmidt, Blake; Vance, Ashlee (25 March 2020). "DJI Won the Drone Wars, and Now It's Paying the Price". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
- ^ a b "Drone maker DJI quietly made large chunks of Iraq, Syria no-fly zones". The Register. 2017-04-26. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
- ^ "US Military Still Buying Chinese-Made Drones Despite Spying Concerns". Voice of America. Retrieved 2019-09-18.
- ^ a b Cadell, Cate (February 1, 2022). "Drone company DJI obscured ties to Chinese state funding, documents show". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2022-10-10.
- ^ a b Alper, Alexandra; Psaledakis, Daphne (2021-12-17). "U.S. curbs Chinese drone maker DJI, other firms it accuses of aiding rights abuses". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
- ^ Mozur, Paul; Krolik, Aaron; Bradsher, Keith (2023-03-21). "As War in Ukraine Grinds On, China Helps Refill Russian Drone Supplies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
- ^ Myre, Greg (2023-03-21). "A Chinese drone for hobbyists plays a crucial role in the Russia-Ukraine war". NPR.
- ^ Colum Murphy and Olivia Geng (November 10, 2014). "Q&A: Chinese Drone Founder Explains Why Steve Jobs Is His Role Model". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ "Alumni Kaleidoscope – Frank Wang".
- ^ a b Mac, Ryan. "Bow To Your Billionaire Drone Overlord: Frank Wang's Quest To Put DJI Robots Into The Sky". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
- ^ "Up: A Chinese firm has taken the lead in a promising market". The Economist. 11 April 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
- ^ Ben Popper (27 September 2016). "Rise of the RoboMasters". The Verge.
- ^ Sean O'Kane (5 November 2015). "DJI buys a minority stake in camera company Hasselblad". The Verge.
- ^ Patience Haggin (6 January 2017). "DJI Buys Majority Stake in Camera Maker Hasselblad". The Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Schroth, Frank (31 August 2017). "DJI Wins 2017 Emmy for Technology and Engineering". DRONELIFE.
- ^ "Drone maker Frank Wang becomes Asia's youngest tech billionaire". techwireasia.com. Archived from the original on 2020-08-11. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
- ^ "Frank Wang". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-10-16.
- ^ "The Next Frontier of Police Surveillance Is Drones". Slate. 2018-06-07. Retrieved 2019-12-10.
- ^ "These Police Drones are Watching You". Project On Government Oversight. 2018-09-25. Retrieved 2019-12-10.
- ^ Berlinger, Joshua (21 January 2019). "Chinese drone maker DJI uncovers fraud that could cost it $150 million". CNN. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
- ^ Horwitz, Josh (22 January 2019). "China drone maker DJI says $150 million scam involved staff padding..." Reuters. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
- ^ "DJI - The World Leader in Camera Drones/Quadcopters for Aerial Photography". DJI Official. Retrieved 2020-10-16.
- ^ See how drones are helping fight coronavirus - CNN Video, 30 April 2020, retrieved 2020-10-16
- ^ Brittain, Blake (24 April 2023). "Textron wins $279 mln verdict in US patent case against Chinese drone maker DJI". Reuters.
- ^ "DJI to Raise $1 Billion in Innovative Bidding Process - Caixin Global". www.caixinglobal.com. Retrieved 2020-10-12.
- ^ Avery, Chen (28 July 2020). "Mainland drone giant's IPO could take flight". The Standard. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "DJI Reportedly Raising $500M New Round From Investors". China Money Network. 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2020-10-12.
- ^ "Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem". www.techinasia.com. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ "Flame Wheel ARF Kit". DJI Technology. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ "FYFT M5 series blimps". DJI Technology. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ Personal Tech (September 10, 2014). "An Eye in the Sky, Accessible to the Hobbyist: A Teardown of the Phantom 2 Vision Plus Drone from DJI". The New York Times. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ "DJI Phantom Released". Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ "2016 DJI Phantom 3 Standard Review | New Lower Price". What Are The Best Drones?. Retrieved 2016-04-19.
- ^ "DJI Spark is a Selfie Drone for the Masses". News Ledge. 2017-05-24. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
- ^ People are complaining that their new DJI Spark drones are falling out of the sky — Quartz
- ^ "DJI Spark Firmware Update Enhances Flight Safety". DJI Official. Archived from the original on 2019-12-28. Retrieved 2017-09-30.
- ^ "Is A DJI Mavic Air 2 Without AirSense Worth Buying?". Heliguy. 15 May 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
- ^ April 2021, James Abbott 15 (15 April 2021). "DJI Air 2S review". TechRadar. Retrieved 2021-04-16.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ @DJIGlobal (1 November 2021). "Imaging Above Everything". Twitter. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
- ^ "DJI Mavic 3 vs Mavic 3 Cine vs Mavic 3 Enterprise vs Mavic 3 Thermal". heliguy. 27 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-27.
- ^ "DJI announces the Mavic 3 Pro, the first-ever drone with three cameras". DPReview. Retrieved 2023-06-04.
- ^ "DJI Mavic 3 Pro - Inspiration in Focus". DJI. Retrieved 2023-06-04.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Murison, Malek (30 November 2016). "DJI Has Decided That The Inspire 2 is Too Fast". dron life. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- ^ "Inspire 1 - Product Information - DJI". DJI Official. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
- ^ "Inspire 1 Pro/Raw - Product Information - DJI". DJI Official. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
- ^ "Inspire 2 - Product Information - DJI". DJI Official. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
- ^ "DJI Inspire 3 - Specs - DJI". DJI Official. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
- ^ "DJI Reinvents The Drone Flying Experience With The DJI FPV". DJI Newsroom. 2021-03-02.
- ^ "Spreading-Wings s1000 Plus". DJI Technology. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ "DJI Matrice 300 Series". dji. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
- ^ Matrice 100 release history DJI
- ^ "MATRICE 100: an advanced quadcopter for developers". My Drone Lab. 27 May 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
- ^ "DJI Agriculture - Better Growth, Better Life". DJI. Retrieved 2022-09-28.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "The A2 model". OXM HOFFMAN 360. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ "DJI Ronin-S". Heliguy. 2018-01-18. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
- ^ "DJI Ronin-SC Announced". Heliguy. 2019-07-17. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
- ^ "DJI Osmo Pocket – 3-Axis Stabilized Handheld Camera – DJI". DJI Official. Archived from the original on 2019-07-01. Retrieved 2018-11-28.
- ^ "Osmo Action – Unleash Your Other Side – DJI". DJI Official. Archived from the original on 2019-08-11. Retrieved 2019-05-16.
- ^ Goldman, Joshua. "DJI Osmo Action cam has two big features your GoPro doesn't". CNET. Retrieved 2019-05-16.
- ^ Chavers, Marcus (2019-05-16). "How Does the DJI Osmo Action Stack Up Against the GoPro Hero7?". News Ledge. Retrieved 2019-05-16.
- ^ "Osmo Mobile Specs". DJI. Archived from the original on 2016-09-10.
- ^ "DJI Osmo Mobile 2 – Smartphone Gimbal – DJI". DJI Official. Archived from the original on 2019-07-24. Retrieved 2018-09-10.
- ^ "Shutter Release: How to Choose the Best Vlogging Cameras of 2018". News Ledge. 2017-06-08. Retrieved 2018-09-10.
- ^ "Osmo Mobile 3 - Foldable Mobile Gimbal-DJI". DJI Official. Archived from the original on 2019-12-26. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
- ^ "DJI Goggles". DJI. Archived from the original on 2017-04-27.
- ^ "DJI Racing Edition Goggles". Drone Addicts. Archived from the original on 2019-12-28. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
- ^ "The RoboMaster S1 – Intelligent Educational Robot – DJI". DJI Official. Archived from the original on 2019-09-28. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
- ^ O'Kane, Sean (2019-06-11). "DJI's newest drone is a $499 tank meant to teach kids how to code". The Verge. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
- ^ DJI (2019-11-25). DJI RoboMaster S1 - Creativity is a Gift. YouTube. Retrieved 2020-03-10.
- ^ Kesteloo, Haye (2020-03-09). "DJI releases RoboMaster EP on March 9th as predicted". DroneDJ. Retrieved 2020-03-10.
- ^ "Flight Test and Technical Evaluation Report DJI Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Mission Functionality and Data Management Assurance Assessment" (PDF). U.S. Department of the Interior Office of Aviation Services Boise, Idaho. July 2, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-09-16.
- ^ "DJI Launches Privacy Mode For Drone Operators To Fly Without Internet Data Transfer". Archived from the original on 2019-09-24. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
- ^ "Drone-maker DJI's Go app contains naughty Javascript hot-patching framework". www.theregister.com. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ a b "DJI Releases Security Findings It Hopes Will Quash 'Chinese Spying' Fears". Gizmodo. 23 April 2018. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ "US Army to Troops: Immediately Stop Using Off-the-Shelf DJI Drones, Especially on the Battlefield". Gizmodo. 5 August 2017. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
- ^ "Military Concerns over Chinese DJI Drones | National Security Archive". nsarchive.gwu.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
- ^ "DJI left private keys for SSL, cloud storage in public view and exposed customers". 17 November 2017.
- ^ Friedman, Lisa; McCabe, David (2020-01-29). "Interior Dept. Grounds Its Drones Over Chinese Spying Fears". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-10-12.
- ^ a b c "Analyzing Data Use by the DJI Mimo App". www.riverloopsecurity.com. 12 May 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
- ^ "DJI Privacy Analysis Validation". July 23, 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
- ^ "Researchers Reveal New Security Flaw Affecting China's DJI Drones". The Hacker News. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
- ^ a b "DJI Statement On Recent Reports From Security Researchers - DJI". DJI Official. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
- ^ "DJI Drone App Riddled With Privacy Issues, Researchers Allege". threatpost.com. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
- ^ Homan, Timothy R. (2020-06-09). "No evidence of unauthorized data transfers by top Chinese drone manufacturer: study". TheHill. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
- ^ Forrest, Brett; Lubold, Gordon (2020-11-02). "Air Force Purchase of Chinese Drones Spurs Security Concerns". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2020-11-06.
- ^ Greenwood, Faine (9 July 2023). "There's No Substitute for Chinese Drones (and That's a Problem)". The Foreign Policy.
- ^ Schneider, Jaron (23 October 2023). "DJI Says Banning It in the U.S. Will Hurt the Entire Drone Ecosystem". Peta Pixel.
- ^ Alper, Alexandra; Shepardson, David; Pamuk, Humeyra (2020-12-18). "U.S. blacklists dozens of Chinese firms including SMIC, DJI". Reuters. Retrieved 2020-12-19.
- ^ "Addition of Entities to the Entity List, Revision of Entry on the Entity List, and Removal of Entities From the Entity List". US Federal Register. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
- ^ "Trump orders assessment of security risks of Chinese made drones in U.S. govt fleet". Reuters. 2021-01-18. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
- ^ "DOD Releases List of People's Republic of China (PRC) Military Companies in Accordance With Section 1260H of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021". U.S. Department of Defense. 2022-10-05. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
- ^ McGlaun, Shane (2 June 2021). "Pentagon clears two drones made by DJI for government use". slashgear.
- ^ O'BRIEN, MATT (2 June 2021). "Gov't use of Chinese drones in limbo as Congress weighs ban". Associated Press.
- ^ Homan, Timothy R. (2021-06-01). "Pentagon report clears use of drones made by top Chinese manufacturer". The Hill. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "Drone maker DJI bans Washington flights after White House crash". BBC News. 28 January 2015. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
- ^ "FLY SAFEGEO-ZONE MAP". DJI. Archived from the original on 2018-01-24. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
- ^ "Arrest over Japan radioactive drone". BBC News. 2015-04-25. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
- ^ "Isis use of hobby drones as weapons tests Chinese makers". Financial Times. 2017-12-10. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
- ^ "Pentagon Confronts a New Threat From ISIS: Exploding Drones". The New York Times. 2016-10-12. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
- ^ "Waves of Gazans vs. Israeli Tear Gas and Bullets: Deadliest Mayhem in Years". The New York Times. 2018-05-14. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
- ^ "First ISIS, then Iraq, now Israel: IDF Use of Commercial Drones". Bellingcat. 2018-06-18. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
- ^ Joe Parkin Daniels (5 August 2018). "Venezuela's Nicolás Maduro survives apparent assassination attempt". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
- ^ a b Sangma, Mike (25 December 2022). "Ukraine has an unlikely ally in fight against Russia: DJI drones". East Mojo.
- ^ Greenwood, Faine (16 February 2023). "The Drone War in Ukraine Is Cheap, Deadly, and Made in China".
- ^ Baptista, Eduardo (2022-03-28). "China's DJI rejects claim that Russian military uses its drones in Ukraine". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
- ^ "Chinese drone giant DJI suspends business in Russia, Ukraine". Al Jazeera. 2022-04-27. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
- ^ Kirton, David (27 April 2022). "China's DJI halts Russia, Ukraine sales to prevent use of its drones in combat". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
- ^ Buckby, Jack. "Video shows Ukrainian troops using a Chinese-made drone to watch missiles strikes on Russian forces". Business Insider. Retrieved 2022-11-23.
- ^ "Ukrainian soldiers are turning consumer drones into formidable weapons of war". The Observers - France 24. 2022-08-08. Retrieved 2022-11-23.
- ^ Burnett, Erin (2022-05-13). "See how gamers are outwitting and helping to kill Russian soldiers". CNN. 2 min 17 sec.
A Chinese company makes both the DJI drone that Vlad uses and a software program, AeroScope, that tracks much of what the drone does. That's what Vlad says the Russians are using to combat Ukraine's drone warfare.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Gault, Matthew (March 18, 2022). "DJI Has the Power to Control Where Drones Can Fly. Ukraine Wants Them to Use It". Vice News. Archived from the original on 2 April 2022. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
- ^ "Aeroscope". DJI Official. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
- ^ "DJI on Twitter: "@FedorovMykhailo". Twitter. DJI.
- ^ Hollister, Sean (2022-03-23). "DJI drones, Ukraine, and Russia — what we know about AeroScope". The Verge. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
Importantly, we haven't found any confirmed reports that's actually happening
External links
Media related to DJI (company) at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website
- DJI
- Multinational companies headquartered in China
- Manufacturing companies based in Shenzhen
- Privately held companies of China
- Chinese brands
- Action cameras
- Camcorders
- Video surveillance companies
- Unmanned aerial vehicle manufacturers
- Unmanned helicopters of China
- Multirotor helicopters
- Chinese companies established in 2006
- Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2006
- Companies based in Shenzhen