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For other uses, see Moncton (disambiguation).
City of Moncton
Ville de Moncton
Skyline of Moncton
Skyline of Moncton
Coat of arms of City of Moncton Ville de Moncton
Coat of arms
Nickname: 
Hub City
Motto(s): 
Resurgo
(Latin: I rise again)
The location of Moncton within New Brunswick
The location of Moncton within New Brunswick
CountryCanadaCanada
ProvinceNew BrunswickNew Brunswick
CountyWestmorland
First settled1733
Founded1766
Incorporated1855, 1875
Government
 • TypeCouncil-Manager
 • MayorLorne Mitton
 • Governing BodyMoncton City Council
 • MPBrian Murphy
 • MLAsJohn Betts
Chris Collins
Joan MacAlpine-Stiles
Mike Murphy
Elevation
[1]
71 m (232 ft)
Population
 (2006)[2][3][4][5]
 • City64,128 rank (79th)
 • Urban
97,065 rank (30th)
 • Metro
126,424 rank (29th)
 • Metro density52.5/km2 (136/sq mi)
 • Demonym
Monctonian
Time zoneUTC-4 (AST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-3 (ADT)
Postal code span
E1A-E1G
Area code506
Websitewww.moncton.ca
Sunset in Moncton.

Moncton is a Canadian city in Westmorland County, New Brunswick.

The city is situated in southeastern New Brunswick, in the Petitcodiac River valley, about 55 km (34 mi) from the Nova Scotia border and lies at the geographic center of the Maritime Provinces. The community has the nickname "Hub City" because of its central location and also because Moncton has historically been the railway and transportation hub for the Maritime Provinces.[6]

European settlement began in 1733 when Acadian farmers arrived after migrating up the Petitcodiac River from the Bay of Fundy. The region was captured by the English in 1755 and the Acadian inhabitants were subsequently deported. The official founding of the community was in 1766, with the arrival of Pennsylvania Deutsch settlers sponsored by the Philadelphia Land Company. The settlement was initially agricultural but by the mid 1800s, a wooden shipbuilding industry flourished. The shipbuilding economy collapsed in the 1860s but was quickly replaced by the railway industry when, in 1871, the Intercolonial Railway of Canada chose Moncton to be their headquarters. Moncton would remain a railroad town for well over a century.

Moncton was first incorporated in 1855 and was named after Lt. Col. Robert Monckton, the British military commander who had captured nearby Fort Beauséjour in 1755 and who had later been given responsibility for overseeing the Acadian deportation.[6] The collapse of the shipbuilding industry caused the town to lose its civic charter in 1862 but the community was able to survive and to reincorporate in 1875 on the strength of the developing railway industry and adopted the motto Resurgo.

Although Moncton was traumatized twice; by the collapse of the shipbuilding industry in the 1860s and by the closure of the CNR locomotive shops in the 1980s, the city's economy was able to rebound strongly on both occasions. At present, the city's economy is stable and diversified. The undepinnings of Moncton's economy is based on its transportation, distribution, retailing and commercial heritage but is also supplemented by strength in the educational, health care, financial and insurance sectors. The strength of the economy has received national recognition and the local unemployment rate is less than the national average.

The Moncton Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) is one of the top ten fastest growing metropolitan areas in Canada and is also the fastest growing urban region east of Toronto. The CMA includes the neighbouring city of Dieppe and the town of Riverview, as well as adjacent areas of Westmorland and Albert counties.[7]

Moncton is the second largest city in New Brunswick with 64,128 residents (2006).[8] The Moncton CMA however is considerably larger and has a population of 126,424,[5] which makes Moncton the most populous metropolitan area in New Brunswick, and also makes it the second largest CMA in the Maritime Provinces, after Halifax.[9]

The municipal coat of arms illustrates Moncton's agricultural, industrial and railway heritages, along with the Petitcodiac River's tidal bore.[10]

Geography

Moncton is in southeastern New Brunswick, in the Petitcodiac River valley, along the north bank of the river at a point where it bends from a west–east flow to a north–south direction. The sharp bend of the Petitcodiac River at Moncton has figured prominently in the names that have been given to the community by its various succeeding inhabitants.

Aerial photo of Metro Moncton showing "the Bend"

"Petitcodiac" in the Mi'kmaq language has been translated as meaning "bends like a bow". The early Acadian settlers in the region named their community "Le Coude" which means "the elbow".[6] Subsequent English immigrants changed the name of the settlement to "The Bend of the Petitcodiac".

Moncton lies at the original head of navigation on the Petitcodiac River but a causeway to Riverview, constructed in 1968, resulted in extensive infilling by sedimentation of the river channel downstream. Because of this, the river in the Moncton area is no longer navigable.[6]

The Petitcodiac river valley is broad and relatively flat, bounded by a long ridge to the north (Lutes Mountain) and by the rugged Caledonia Highlands to the south.

Moncton is at the geographic center of the Maritime Provinces. The community has been nicknamed the "Hub City" for this reason, and also because Moncton has historically been the railway and transportation hub for the Maritime Provinces.[6]

Climate

Despite being less than 50 km (31 mi) from the Bay of Fundy and less than 30 km (19 mi) from the Northumberland Strait, the climate can seem more continental than maritime during the summer and winter seasons, whereas maritime influences tend to temper the transitional seasons of spring and autumn.[11]

File:Nb-moncton.PNG
Moncton skyline in the summer

Winter days are cold but generally sunny with solar radiation generating some warmth. Daytime high temperatures usually range just below the freezing point. Several cold snaps usually occur each winter when temperatures can fall to between -15°C (5°F) and -25°C (-13°F). Similarly, there are usually one or two "January thaws" each year when considerable snow melt can occur. Major snowfalls can result from nor'easter ocean storms moving up the east coast of North America, following the jet stream from the southeastern United States.[12] Large amounts of precipitation can result from the counterclockwise rotation of these storms picking up moisture from the Atlantic Ocean and dumping it on southeastern New Brunswick as the storms pass by to the south and east of the region.[12] This can be amplified locally by "sea effect" snow squall activity due to northeasterly winds passing over the nearby Gulf of St. Lawrence on the trailing edge of the storm. In February 1992, a nor'easter lasted for two days and dropped 162 cm (65 inches) of snow on the Moncton area, paralyzing the city for nearly a week. Major snowfalls more typically average 20–30 cm (8–12 in) and are frequently mixed with rain or freezing rain.

Autumn in Moncton

Spring is frequently delayed because the sea ice that forms in the nearby Gulf of St. Lawrence during the previous winter requires time to melt and this cools the prevailing onshore winds. The ice burden in the gulf however has diminished considerably over the course of the last decade, which may be a consequence of global warming.[13] The springtime cooling effect has subsequently weakened. Daytime temperatures above freezing are typical by mid March. Occasional snowfalls in late April and early May can happen however and trees are not usually in full leaf until the end of May.[14]

Summers are hot and humid due to seasonal prevailing westerly winds strengthening the continental tendencies of the local climate.[11] Daytime highs are usually around 25°C (77°F) but can sometimes heach highs of over 30°C (86°F). Rainfall is generally modest, especially in late July and August and periods of drought are not uncommon.[14] The heaviest rainfalls tend to occur during thunderstorms.

Autumn is influenced by the retention of heat in the nearby Gulf of St. Lawrence and daytime temperatures remain mild until mid October.[11] First snowfalls usually don't occur until mid November and consistent snow cover on the ground doesn't happen until mid to late December. The Fundy coast of New Brunswick occasionally experiences the effects of post-tropical storms.[14]

The stormiest weather of the year, with the greatest precipitation and the strongest winds, usually occur during the fall/winter transition (mid December to mid January).[14]

Moncton Climatological Data
Temperature
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Record high °C (°F) 17 (63) 18 (64) 21 (70) 28 (83) 34 (94) 34 (93) 36 (97) 36 (98) 33 (92) 28 (82) 23 (73) 18 (64)
Average high °C (°F) -3 (26) -2 (28) 2 (37) 8 (47) 16 (61) 21 (71) 25 (77) 24 (75) 19 (66) 12 (54) 6 (42) -.5 (31)
Mean Temp. °C (°F) -8 (17) -7 (18) -2 (28) 3 (39) 10 (51) 16 (60) 19 (66) 18 (65) 13 (56) 7 (46) 2 (35) -4 (23)
Average low °C (°F) -13 (7) -12 (9) -7 (19) -.9 (30) 4 (40) 9 (49) 13 (56) 12 (55) 8 (46) 2 (37) -2 (28) -9 (15)
Record low °C (°F) -37 (-34) -38 (-36) -32 (-25) -18 (-.1) -7 (19) -4 (25) 0 (32) -1 (30) -6 (21) -9 (15) -21 (-6) -34(-30)
Precipitation and Sunshine Hours
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Total mm (in) 109 (4.3) 81 (3.2) 103 (4.0) 90 (3.5) 99 (4) 94 (3.7) 100 (3.9) 76 (3.0) 92 (3.6) 100 (3.9) 97 (3.8) 106 (4)
Rainfall mm (in) 42 (1.6) 28 (1.1) 42 (1.6) 58 (2.3) 93 (4) 93 (3.7) 99 (3.9) 76 (3.0) 92 (3.6) 96 (3.8) 77 (3.0) 52 (2)
Snowfall cm (in) 67 (26.1) 53 (21.0) 61 (24.5) 32 (13) 5 (2.5) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 4 (1.4) 20 (7.8) 54 (21)
Sunshine hours 115 124 139 158 205 229 248 244 167 142 103 95
Data recorded at Greater Moncton International Airport
Data obtained from Environment Canada
Data spans 1971 to 2000 		Annual Averages Temperature Precipitation Sunshine
High Mean Low Total Rain Snow
°C (°F) °C (°F) °C (°F) mm (in) mm (in) cm (in) hours
11 (52) 6 (42) 0.6 (33) 1144 (45) 849 (33) 295 (116) 1971

History

For more information see History of Moncton

The original native inhabitants of the Petitcodiac river valley were the Mi'kmaq. Moncton is situated at the southern end of a traditional native portage route connecting the Petitcodiac River and Shediac Bay on the nearby Northumberland Strait.

The head of the Bay of Fundy was first settled by French Acadians in the 1670s.[15] The first reference to the "Petcoucoyer River" was on the De Meulles map of 1686.[15] Settlement of the Petitcodiac and Memramcook river valleys began about 1700, gradually extending inland and reaching the site of present day Moncton in 1733. The first Acadian settlers in the Moncton area established a marshland farming community and chose to name their settlement Le Coude (The Elbow)[16] in reference to the sharp bend of the Petitcodiac River.

File:Acadian expulsion 745.gif
The "Great Upheaval" resulted in the expulsion of the Acadian population from Le Coude.

In 1755, Fort Beausejour in nearby Aulac was captured by English forces under the command of Lt. Col. Robert Monckton.[17] The Petitcodiac and Memramcook river valleys subsequently fell under English occupation. Later that year, Governor Charles Lawrence issued a decree ordering the expulsion of the Acadian population from Nova Scotia. The population of Le Coude was included in the expulsion order but some of the local Acadians were able to escape into the woods and then conducted a guerilla resistance against the English occupiers. This resistance was supressed by 1758.[18]

In June 1766, Captain John Hall arrived from Pennsylvania[15] armed with a land grant for 100,000 acres from the Philadelphia Land Company; one of the principal investors of which was Benjamin Franklin. On Captain Hall's ship were eight immigrant Pennsylvania "Deutsch" families who were to re-establish the pre-existing farming community at Le Coude. Although the new settlement was to be formally named Monckton Township, it was more colloquially known as "The Bend of the Petitcodiac", or simply The Bend.

The Bend grew slowly and the principle economy of the community remained agriculturally based until the early 1800s, when Royal Navy requirements helped to stimulate a lumbering and shipbuilding industry. As shipbuilding gained in importance, The Bend developed a service based economy and gradually began to acquire all the amenities of a growing town. In particular, as the economy strengthened, an important financial institution, the Westmorland Bank, opened and this in turn was able to finance further expansion of the shipbuilding industry.[6]

The prosperity engendered by the wooden shipbuilding industry allowed The Bend to incorporate as the town of Moncton in 1855. The first mayor of Moncton was the shipbuilder Joseph Salter. The town was named after Lt. Col. Robert Monckton,[6] the British military commander who had captured Fort Beauséjour a century earlier. A clerical error at the time the town was incorporated resulted in the mis-spelling of the community's name, which has been perpetuated to the present day.

Two years later on 20 August 1857 the European and North American Railway opened its line from Moncton to the nearby Northumberland Strait port of Shediac; this was followed by the E&NA's line from Moncton to Sussex and on to Saint John opening in 1859.[19]

At about the same time as the arrival of the railway, steam-powered ships began to replace clipper ships on the ocean's sea routes and this forced an end to the era of wooden shipbuilding. The industrial collapse that developed from this, as well as the associated bankruptcy of the Westmorland Bank caused Moncton to surrender its civic charter in 1862.[6]

The Intercolonial Railway depot in Moncton

Moncton's economic depression did not last long and a second era of prosperity came to the area in 1871 when Moncton was selected to be the headquarters of the Intercolonial Railway of Canada.[20] The ICR was a merger of the pre-existing E&NA and the Nova Scotia Railway. In addition, a new route was constructed through northern New Brunswick into Quebec to join with the Grand Trunk Railway at Rivière-du-Loup.

The coming of the ICR to Moncton was a seminal event for the community. For the next 120 years, the history of the city would be inextricably intertwined with that of the railway.

With the arrival of the Intercolonial Railroad; Moncton, in 1875[6], was able to reincorporate as a town and adopted the motto "Resurgo" (I rise again). One year later, the ICR line to Quebec was opened. The railway boom that emanated from this and the associated employment growth allowed Moncton to achieve city status on 23 April 1890.[6]

File:Moncton old city market.jpg
Moncton's first city market was opened in 1884 and burned to the ground in 1914.

Moncton grew rapidly during the early part of the 20th century, particularly after provincial lobbying saw the city become the eastern terminus of the massive National Transcontinental Railway project in 1912.[21] This line would link Moncton with Edmundston, Quebec City, and on to Winnipeg where the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway continued to Saskatoon, Edmonton, and Prince Rupert. The First World War brought a halt to the era of transcontinental railway expansion.[21]

In 1918, the ICR and NTR (then autonomous companies grouped under the Canadian Government Railways) were merged by the federal government into the newly formed Canadian National Railways (CNR) system.[21] The ICR shops would become CNR's major locomotive repair facility for the Maritimes and Moncton became the headquarters for CNR's Maritime division.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

As the city grew, it began to draw on its hinterland for population growth. Much of the surrounding countryside to the east and the north of the city was (and is) inhabited primarily by French-Acadians who were descendants of the refugees that had returned to the region following the deportation of 1755.[18] The influx of francophone Acadians seeking employment beginning in the early 1900s would result in a major demographic and cultural shift for the community.

Moncton continued to develop as a regional distribution and transportation hub during the Second World War. The Royal Canadian Air Force established two air bases in the area as part of the Commonwealth Air Training Plan. The Canadian Army also built a large military supply base (CFB Moncton) along the railway mainline near the CNR shops facilities northwest of downtown.

File:Moncton main st c 1930.png
Main street, circa 1960

Railway employment in Moncton at the height of the steam locomotive era (circa 1950) peaked at about six thousand workers before starting a long slow decline. This decline occurred because the newer diesel locomotives and longer trains that were introduced in the early 1950s required fewer employees for operation and for maintenance. Some of this employment loss was offset by the construction of a large railway hump yard by the CNR in the city's west end.

Moncton was placed on the Trans-Canada Highway network in the early 1960s after Route 2 was built along the northern perimeter of the city. Subsequent development saw Route 15 built between the city and nearby Parlee Beach at Shediac. At the same time, the Petitcodiac River Causeway was constructed.[6]

The Université de Moncton was founded in 1963.[22] This began an Acadian "renaissance", which was in large measure encouraged and supported by university faculty who had been trained in Quebec during the founding years of the "Quiet Revolution". U de M, the renaissance, and the election of premier Louis Robichaud and his program of "equal opportunity" all led to increasing demands by the francophone populace for municipal services in French and led to tension between the Acadian minority and the anglophone majority during the latter part of the 1960s and early 1970s.

The Acadian population began to become more prosperous and influential during the 1980s as linguistic tensions began to relax (although not disappearing entirely). The anglophone population of the city generally began to accept the principle of bilingualism and enrollment in French Immersion classes in public schools became popular. Bilingualism would ultimately become one of the strengths of the community.

File:Moncton railway shops.gif
The CNR repair shops were the largest employer in Moncton until they were dismantled in the late 1980s.

The late 1970s and the 1980s again saw a period of economic hardship hit the city as several major employers closed or restructured. The Eatons catalogue division closed in 1976 and CN closed its locomotive shops facility in 1988,[23] throwing thousands out of work and forcing the federal and provincial governments to step in with economic restructuring packages to help in diversifying the Moncton economy. CFB Moncton was also closed at about this time due to defence cutbacks resulting from the end of the Cold War.[24] Moncton was so despondent by the late 1980s that the city's promotional slogan became simply Moncton - We're OK.[25]

Diversification in the early 1990s saw the rise of information technology, led by call centres which made use of the city's bilingual workforce.[6] Bilingualism was heavily promoted by premier Frank McKenna's government to attract the call centre industry to provide a temporary employment "bridge" for the city as it transitioned from the old economy to a more modern one. By the late 1990s, retail, manufacturing and service expansion began to occur in all sectors and within a decade of the closure of the CN locomotive shops, Moncton had more than made up for its employment losses. This dramatic turnaround in the fortunes of the city has been termed the "Moncton Miracle".[26]

The growth of the community has continued unabated since the 1990s and in fact has been accelerating. The confidence of the city has been bolstered by its ability to host major events such as the Francophonie Summit in 1999.[27] Recent positive developments include the Atlantic Baptist University relocating to a new campus in 1996 and achieving full university status, the Greater Moncton Airport opening a new terminal building and becoming a designated international airport in 2002,[28] and the opening of the new Gunningsville Bridge to Riverview in 2005.[29]

In 2002, Moncton became Canada's first officially bilingual city.[30] Moncton officially became a Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) in 2006. The 2006 census subsequently declared Moncton to be the largest metropolitan area in the province of New Brunswick.[9]

Language and demographics

Moncton is a growing city. This is highlighted by the constant construction of new properties, including the new Marriott hotel in the downtown core of the city, slated for completion in 2008.

Moncton's linguistic majority is English, however the city has an active French-speaking Acadian minority population (30%), many of whom speak the Chiac variant of Acadian French.[31] The adjacent city of Dieppe is about 80% francophone and has benefited from an ongoing rural depopulation of the Acadian Peninsula and areas in northern and eastern New Brunswick.[32] The town of Riverview meanwhile is heavily (95%) anglophone.[33] The different linguistic characteristics of the three communities have defeated several attempts at metropolitan amalgamation.

Since the previous national census in 2001 the metropolitan area has grown by 6.5%. This rate of growth is within the top ten amongst major cities in Canada and Moncton has the fastest growth rate of any city east of Toronto. The census metropolitan area had a population of 126,424 as of the 2006 national census, which makes it the largest metropolitan area in the province of New Brunswick and the second largest in the Maritime Provinces after Halifax.

Historically, the population of the city has been racially homogenous with almost all residents originating from northwestern Europe (United Kingdom, France and Ireland). The population has been becoming more diverse over the course of the past couple of decades but it still remains a challenge to attract visible minorities as new immigrants to the city. Inmigration is mostly from other areas of New Brunswick (especially the north) as well as Nova Scotia (13%) and Ontario (9%). Overall, 62% of new arrivals to the city are anglophone and 38% are francophone (Census 2001).[34]

About 40% of the metropolitan population of Moncton is bilingual, (the remainder being mostly unilingual anglophone). The only other cities in Canada that approach this level of linguistic duality are Ottawa and Montreal. Moncton became the first officially bilingual city in the country in 2002.[30]

Economy

See also: List of companies headquartered in Moncton
File:4lassR.jpg
Assumption Place in Moncton, headquarters of Assumption Life Insurance.

The educational and health care sectors are major factors in the local economy; the two hospitals alone employing over five thousand people. Despite this, the underpinnings of the local economy remain based on Moncton's commercial, distribution, transportation and retailing heritage. Moncton's central location in the Maritimes is the reason for this: 1.4 million people live within a three hour drive of Moncton. This is the largest catchment area in Atlantic Canada.[35] In 2002 Moncton and Halifax joined to promote the concept of a Moncton-Halifax growth corridor, building on the strengths of the two cities as well as those of the intervening communities including Truro, Amherst and Sackville.[36] Moncton has garnered national attention because of the strength of its economy. The local unemployment rate averages between 5-6%, which is below the national average. In 2004 Canadian Business Magazine named it the "The best city for business in Canada" [37] and in 2007, FDi magazine named it the fifth most business friendly city in North America (in the small cities category).[38]

A number of regionally prominent corporations have their head offices in Moncton including Atlantic Lottery Corporation, Assumption Mutual Life Insurance, Medavie Blue Cross Insurance, Pizza Delight Corporation, Major Drilling Group International, and Co-op Atlantic.

The Blue Cross Centre, headquarters of Medavie Blue Cross.

There are 37 call centres in the city employing over 5000 people. Some of the larger ones include Asurion, BBM Canada, ExxonMobil, Royal Bank of Canada, United Parcel Service, Fairmont Hotels, Rogers Communications, Sitel, Minacs and America Online.[39]

A growing high tech sector includes companies such as Whitehill Technologies, Nanoptix, Spielo Manufacturing, OAO Technology Solutions, and Beltek Systems Design.[34]

Several arms of the Irving corporate empire have their head offices and/or major operations in Greater Moncton. These include Midland Transport, Majesta/Royale Tissues, Irving Personal Care, Master Packaging and Cavendish Farms.[40]

Several major banks have their regional offices in Moncton, including the Bank of Montreal seen here

There are three large industrial parks in the metropolitan area. The Irving operations are concentrated in the Dieppe Industrial Park. Hub Meat Packers is a major employer in the city and is in the Moncton Industrial Park. Molson/Coors Breweries is scheduled to complete construction of a new brewery in the Caledonia Industrial Park in summer 2007.[41] All three industrial parks have large concentrations of warehousing and regional trucking facilities. The Armour transportation group is based in Moncton.

A new four lane Gunningsville Bridge was opened in 2005, connecting downtown Riverview directly with downtown Moncton. On the Moncton side, the bridge will connect with an extension of Vaughan Harvey Boulevard as well as to Assumption Boulevard and will serve as a catalyst for economic growth in the downtown area.[42] This is already evident as an expansion to the Blue Cross Centre was completed in 2006. Also, construction has started on a new Marriott Residence Inn and on a new Sobeys downtown on the Vaughan Harvey connector. On the Riverview side, the bridge will connect to a new ring road around the town and is expected to serve as a catalyst for development in east Riverview.[42]

The retail sector in Moncton is increasingly becoming one of the most important aspects of the local economy. Major retail projects such as the Wheeler Park Power Centre on Trinity Drive have become major destinations for locals and for tourists alike. Major tenants of this development include Atlantic Superstore, Costco, Winners, HomeSense, Wal-Mart, Future Shop, Kent Building Supplies, Sears, Staples, Old Navy, Pier 1 Imports, Empire Theatres and the Home Depot.[43][44]

Arts and culture

Moncton is a culturally vibrant community, which has lively representation from all the diciplines of the arts, including music, theatre, dance, visual arts, film, and literature.[45]

The Capitol Theater

The Capitol Theatre, an 800-seat, meticulously restored, 1920s-era vaudeville house on Main Street serves as the main centre for cultural entertainment for the city.[46] The theatre hosts a performing arts series and routinely stages live theatrical performances. It also provides a venue for symphony orchestra and dance performances.[46] The smaller Empress Theatre, located immediately behind the Capitol, provides a more intimate location for smaller performances and recitals.[46]

A school for the performing arts has been established by the Capitol Theatre. The Atlantic Ballet Theatre is based in Moncton. The group tours mainly in Atlantic Canada, but has also toured both nationally and internationally.[47] Théâtre l’Escaouette is a francophone live theatre company that has its own auditorium and performance space on Botsford Street. The Chocolate River Conservatory of Music is located in Dieppe. The Canadian Poetry Association national headquarters is located in Moncton.[48]

The Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption Cathedral

The Aberdeen Cultural Centre is a major Acadian cultural cooperative containing multiple studios and galleries and is located on Botsford Street. Among other tenants, the Centre houses the Galerie Sans Nom; the principal private art gallery in the city and also the IMAGO print workshop, which presents and develops contemporary print works and techniques.[49]

There are two main museums in the city; The Moncton Museum on Mountain Road and Le Musée Acadien at Université de Moncton. The city has several recognized historical sites. The Free Meeting House was built in 1821 and is a New England-style meeting house adjacent to the Moncton Museum.[50] The Thomas Williams House was built in 1883 and was formerly the home of a city industrialist, which is now maintained in period style and serves as a genealogical research centre and is also home to several multicultural organizations.[50] The "Treitz Haus" is located on the riverfront adjacent to Bore View Park and has been dated to the early 1770's both by architectural style and by dendrochronology. It is the only surviving building from the Pennsylvania Deutch era and now serves as the city's principle tourist information centre.

Moncton is home to the Frye Festival, a bilingual literary celebration held in honour of world renowned literary critic and favorite son Northrop Frye. This event attracts noted writers and poets from around the world and takes place in the month of April.[51]

Other notable events include:

  • The Atlantic Seafood Festival - held every August.
  • The HubCap Comedy Festival - held annually in the spring.
  • "Le 15 Aout" - held in August, celebrating Acadia's National holiday.
  • The World Wine and Food Exposition - The largest event of its kind in eastern Canada, with exhibitors from around the world presenting their wares. Wine tastings are augmented by food displays and by banquets. This event takes place every November.
  • The Atlantic Nationals Automotive Extravaganza - held each July and is the largest annual gathering of classic cars in Canada.

Sports and recreation

Sports facilities

File:Moncton coliseum logo.gif
The Moncton Coliseum serves as the city's main venue for indoor sports, concerts and exhibitions.

The Moncton Coliseum is a 6,554-seat arena (7,200 with standing room). It serves as a venue for major concerts and trade shows and is the home of the Moncton Wildcats of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League.[52] The CN Sportplex is a major recreational facility which has been built on the former CN Shops property. It includes ten ballfields, six soccer fields and an indoor rink complex with four ice surfaces (the Tim Horton's 4 Ice Centre). The Dundee Sports Dome, an indoor air supported multi-use building is also located at the Sportsplex. This building is large enough to allow for year-round football, soccer and golf activities. A newly constructed YMCA near the CN Sportsplex has extensive cardio and weight training facilities as well as three indoor pools. The CEPS at Université de Moncton contains an indoor track and a 37.5-metre (123 ft) swimming pool with diving towers.[53] The only velodrome in Atlantic Canada is in Dieppe. The metro area has a total of 12 indoor hockey rinks and three curling clubs. Other public sporting and recreational facilites are scattered throughout the metropolitan area.

Sports teams

Logo Club Sport League (Parent League) Venue Established Championships
Moncton Wildcats
Moncton Wildcats
 Moncton Wildcats Hockey QMJHL (CHL) Moncton Coliseum 1996 1 - President's Cup (QMJHL)
2006 Memorial Cup finalists (CHL)
Moncton Mets
Moncton Mets
 Moncton Mets Baseball NBSBL Kiwanis Park 1980s 7 - NBSBL

1 - Canadian Senior Champ.

Moncton Beavers
Moncton Beavers
 Moncton Beavers Hockey MJAHL (CJAHL) Tim Horton's 4 Ice Centre 1983 1 - MJAHL
Aigles Bleu
Aigles Bleu
 Moncton Aigles Bleu Hockey (M/F)
Soccer (M/F)
Volleyball (F)		 AUS (CIS) Aréna J.-Louis-Lévesque 1964 Mens Hockey - 11 (AUS), 4 (CIS)
Womens Hockey - 1 (AUS)
Womens Volleyball - 5 (AUS)

Major sporting events

Moncton is known for its ability to host large sporting events. Moncton hosted the 2006 Memorial Cup with the hometown Moncton Wildcats losing in the championship final to their arch rivals the Quebec Remparts. Ted Nolan, a former head coach of the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (and current head coach of the New York Islanders), coached the Wildcats for their Memorial Cup run.[54] Moncton hosted the Canadian Interuniversity Sports (CIS) Mens University Hockey Championship in 2007 and will do so again in 2008.[55] Moncton has been awarded the 2010 IAAF World Junior Championships in Athletics. This will be the largest sporting event ever held in Atlantic Canada. The federal and provincial governments have committed to help in the construction of a 10,000 seat outdoor stadium to host this event. This stadium will be built on the U de M campus.[56]

Major Sporting Events Held in Moncton

Golf

Greater Moncton is blessed with an abundance of excellent golfing facilities. Nine 18-hole golf courses are in the census metropolitan area, two of which are residential courses and two more of which are undergoing residential conversion with courseside housing developments under construction. Both the Royal Oaks and Fox Creek golf clubs can be rightfully considered as championship courses, with Royal Oaks being the first Rees Jones designed golf course in Canada.[57] Other notable courses include the Moncton Golf & Country Club, Memramcook Valley Golf Club and Magnetic Hill Golf Club.

Urban parks

Metro Moncton is home to many urban parks. They are an important resource for the many citizens of Moncton who have an active lifestyle.[58] The main urban parks in the Moncton area are:

File:Mapeltonparkducks.jpg
Ducks in Mapleton Park
  • Centennial Park - located in the city's west end and has an area of 0.93 km². The park contains a boating pond, artificial beach, lighted cross country skiing and hiking trails, a childrens splash park, the city's largest playground, a Rotary lodge, a children's day camp and Rocky Stone Field, the city's only football field with artificial turf.[58]
  • Mapleton Park - located in the rapidly growing northwest part of the city adjacent to the trans Canada highway and measures 1.21 km² in size. The park contains hiking trails, a skating pond and a Rotary lodge.[58]
  • Irishtown Nature Park - located north of the trans Canada highway on Elmwood Drive and, at 10 km², is one of the largest urban nature parks in Canada. The park is scenic and surrounds a large reservoir. The park is principally a wilderness area but has numerous hiking trails and is an excellent venue for birdwatching.[58]
  • St. Anselme Park - located in Dieppe and is nearly one km² in area. The park contains a Rotary lodge, children's play facilities, hiking trails and the only velodrome in Atlantic Canada.[59]

There are numerous neighbourhood parks throughout the metro Moncton area. The most notable are Bore View Park, which overlooks the Petitcodiac River and the downtown Victoria Park which features a bandshell, flower gardens, fountain and the city's cenotaph.[58]

There is an extensive system of hiking and biking trails in the metro area. This system is best developed along the riverfront. The riverfront trail is part of the Trans Canada Trail system and various markers, monuments and pavilions can be found, especially along the downtown components of the trail.[60]

Tourism

Historically, the tourism industry in Moncton owes its origins to the presence of two natural attractions; the tidal bore of the Petitcodiac River and the optical illusion of Magnetic Hill.

File:Tidal bore moncton5.jpg
The tidal bore would sometimes rise to over one meter (3.2 ft) before the causeway was built in 1968

The Petitcodiac River exhibits one of North America's few tidal bores, a regularly occurring wave that travels up the river on the leading edge of the incoming tide, and hence a tidal wave in the truest sense of the term. The bore is as a result of the extreme tides of the Bay of Fundy. Originally, the bore was very impressive, sometimes between one and two metres (3.2–6.4 ft) in height and extending across the kilometre (.62 mi) width of the Petitcodiac River in the Moncton area. This wave would occur twice a day at the incoming of the high tide, travelling at an average speed of 13 km/h (8 mph) and could produce quite an audible roar. Seagulls would flock to the river at the coming of the tide to feed. Not surprisingly, a local tourism industry sprang up around the spectacle.[61]

In 1968, a causeway was built to Riverview, across the Petitcodiac just upstream from downtown Moncton. The river channel quickly silted in due to the high sediment burden in the water column. The channel at the bend is now no more than 100 metres (328 ft) wide and the bore rarely exceeds 15-20 cm in height. Not surprisingly, the "bore" is now an object of derision and is not nearly the tourism generator it once was. Still, seeing the arrival of the bore remains an educational experience and Bore View Park and the adjacent Riverfront Trail provide a pleasant distraction.[61]

Magnetic Hill is on the northwestern outskirts of Moncton and is now the city's most famous attraction. It is a gravity hill form of optical illusion, where the local topography gives the impression that you are going uphill when in fact you are going downhill. In the early 1930s, it was discovered that on a particular stretch of road near the foot of the hill, that if you put your car in neutral gear, you would seem to coast uphill. Before long, a tourism industry sprang up around the phenomenon.[62]

The "Magnetic Hill Illusion" remains a popular tourism draw and the city and province have built a major tourism development on the surrounding properties to capitalize on this. The complex includes:

Magic Mountain Water Park is a popular tourist attraction during the summer months.
  • The Magnetic Hill Zoo, a nationally recognized zoo with over 400 animals displayed in themed exhibit areas. It is the largest zoo in Atlantic Canada and features a large gift shop, animal shows and an educational program.[63]
  • Magic Mountain Water Park, the largest water park in Atlantic Canada, with a half dozen large water slides, a lazy river, wave pool, children's splash pool and a 36 hole professional mini-golf course.[64]
  • The Magnetic Hill outdoor concert site, A large outdoor concert venue on the outskirts of the city. It was constructed in 1984 for Pope John Paul II to hold a papal mass during his tour of Canada. In the 1990's, the city redeveloped the site to become an outdoor concert facility. The city now holds one or two megaconcerts at the facility every year. The Rolling Stones held a concert there in 2005 in front of 85,000 fans.[65] Tim McGraw and Faith Hill will be playing there in 2007[66]
  • The Wharf Village, a collection of souvenir shops and restaurants.
  • The Magnetic Hill Miniature Railway.

Moncton's central location and large catchment area has made the city a natural as a regional tourism and shopping mecca.[44] The Eaton's warehouse and store was the original destination point for retail tourism but gradually, retail development on Main Street, and later the construction of the downtown Highfield Square shopping centre allowed for increasing choice for out of town consumers.

Crystal Palace Amusement Park

At present, the major destinations for shopping enthusiasts are the Wheeler Park Power Centre in the northwestern part of the city and Champlain Place in Dieppe, which has over 160 stores and services including Sobeys, Wal-Mart, Sears, Toys "R" Us, Sport Chek, GAP, MEXX, Tommy Hilfiger, Eddie Bauer and the Disney Store. Champlain Place is 816,000 sq ft in area[67] and is the second largest shopping mall in Atlantic Canada. Finally, New Brunswick's only Bay department store is in Highfield Square.[68]

Crystal Palace, an indoor amusement park with a dozen rides including a rollercoaster and a Tivoli swing was built adjacent to Champlain Place in 1990 to take advantage of the traffic produced by the mall. The facility has been quite successful and includes a hotel, conference centre, restaurant, eight cinema multiplex and a Chapters bookstore/Starbucks Cafe. It is a popular family destination and has Top Attraction status with tourism New Brunswick.[69]

The largest hotels in the metropolitan area are in downtown Moncton. Main Street has wide bricked sidewalks lined with outdoor cafes. A Yuk Yuk's Comedy club, dinner theatres, elegant restaurants and the Capitol Theatre all provide for a pleasant experience for tourists visiting the downtown area.

Regional tourism

Cape Enrage

Moncton is well situated as a regional tourism destination. Two major national parks (Fundy National Park and Kouchibouguac National Park) are within a one hour drive of the city. The warmest salt water beaches north of Virginia can be found on the Northumberland Strait, only 15 minutes away at Parlee Beach in the nearby town of Shediac. New Brunswick's signature natural attraction, the Hopewell Rocks, are only a half hour's drive down the Petitcodiac river valley. The Confederation Bridge to Prince Edward Island is only an hour's drive east of the city.

Other nearby attractions (within 30–60 minutes of the city) include:

  • The Cape Jourimain National Wildlife Preserve, at the base of the Confederation Bridge.
  • La Dune de Bouctouche Irving Eco-Centre, an ecotourism site and beach. It is the longest remaining unspoiled barrier dune system on the mainland eastern seaboard of North America.
  • Cape Enrage, located near Alma. This popular attraction includes an historic lighthouse, fossil cliffs, scenic vistas, and adventure tourism.
  • Le Pays de la Sagouine, an Acadian cultural theme park in Bouctouche.
  • Fort Beauséjour, a National Historic Site in nearby Aulac, New Brunswick.
  • The Sackville Waterfowl Park, in Sackville close to Mount Allison University. It includes nature trails and a boardwalk over freshwater marsh as well as waterfowl viewing platforms.

Transportation

Air

File:Monctonairport.jpg
The new Greater Moncton International Airport terminal was built in 2002.

Moncton is served by the Greater Moncton International Airport (YQM). A new airport terminal with an international arrivals area was opened in 2002. The GMIA handles over 558,000 passengers per year, making it the second busiest airport in the Maritime provinces.[70] Scheduled carriers servicing the GMIA include Air Canada Jazz, Westjet and Continental Express. Current regularly scheduled destinations include Halifax, Montreal, Toronto, Hamilton and Newark. Charter airlines include Air Saint-Pierre, Air Transat, Canjet, Condor Airlines, Corsairfly, Skyservice and Sunwing Airlines.Seasonal destinations include Paris, Hanover, Orlando, Saint Petersburg, Punta Cana, Puerto Plata, Varadero, Cancun and Saint Pierre and Miquelon.[71]

The GMIA is also a major air cargo centre with both FedEx and Purolator having their Atlantic Canadian bases at the facility. In addition, the GMIA is the home of the Moncton Flight College, one of the largest flight colleges in Canada.[72] It is also home to the New Brunswick Air Ambulance service, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police regional air support service and Transport Canada's regional hangar and maintenance facility.

File:Wheeler blvd at night.jpg
Wheeler Boulevard is the city's main ring road.

There is a second smaller aerodrome in the city as well. McEwen Airfield (CCG4) is a private airstrip located north of the Trans Canada Highway on Elmwood Drive. It is used for general aviation. Skydive Moncton operates the province's only nationally certified sports parachute club out of this facility.

The Moncton Area Control Center, located in Riverview, is one of only seven such centers in Canada and is responsible for high level air traffic control over the Maritime Provinces.[73]

Railways

Moncton is served by two freight railway companies, Canadian National Railway and the New Brunswick East Coast Railway. The city is also served by VIA Rail Canada, which provides rail passenger service to Halifax and Montreal six days per week with the Ocean.[74]

Highways

Moncton is on Route 2 (the Trans-Canada Highway), at the junction of two other major divided highways. Route 2 leads to Halifax in the east and to Fredericton and central Canada in the west. Route 15 runs from Riverview, encircling Moncton, intersecting Route 2 on the eastern outskirts of the city, then leading to Shediac and on to Prince Edward Island. Route 1 intersects Route 2 approximately 15 km west of the city, leading to Saint John and on to Maine.[75]

Major urban roads

Codiac Transit

Principal city thoroughfares include Main Street, Assomption Boulevard, St. George Boulevard, Vaughan Harvey Boulevard, Mountain Road, Elmwood Avenue, Morton Avenue, Lewisville Road, Paul Street, and Shediac Road. The Trans-Canada Highway (Route 2) bypasses the northern perimeter of the city. Wheeler Boulevard (Route 15) serves as an inner ring road and is remarkable in that it is a high speed, 100 km/h (63 mph), divided highway bounded at either end by traffic circles.[75]

Urban transit and regional bus service

The Metro Moncton Area is served by Codiac Transit, which is operated by the City of Moncton. It operates on 23 routes throughout Moncton, Dieppe and Riverview.[76] The city is currently working to increase its annual ridership from 1.6 million to 2.5 million. To assist with this, four new busses will enter into service within the next two years.[77] Moncton is also the headquarters of, and a principal hub for, the Acadian Lines interprovincial bus service.

Military

The Moncton Garrison

Aside from locally formed militia units, the military did not have a significant presence in the Moncton area until the beginning of the Second World War. In 1940, a large military supply base (CFB Moncton) was constructed on a railway spur line north of downtown next to the CNR shops. This base served as the main supply depot for the large wartime military establishment in the Maritimes.[78] In addition, two Commonwealth Air Training Plan bases were also built in the Moncton area during the war.[78]A naval listening station was also constructed in Coverdale (Riverview) in 1941 to help in coordinating radar activities in the North Atlantic.[78] The naval listening station closed in 1971 and military flight training in the Moncton area terminated at the end of World War Two. CFB Moncton remained open to supply the maritime military establishment until just after the end of the Cold War.[78]

With the closure of CFB Moncton in the early 1990s, the military presence in Moncton has been significantly reduced.[79] The northern portion of the former base property has been turned over to the Canada Lands Corporation and is awaiting redevelopment.[80] The southern part of the former base remains an active DND property and is now termed the Moncton Garrison. It is affiliated with CFB Gagetown.[79] Resident components of the garrison include the 1 Construction Engineering Unit and 4 Air Defence Regiment (regular forces). The garrison also houses the 37 Canadian Brigade Group Headquarters (reserves) and one of the 37 Brigades constituent units; the 8th Canadian Hussars (Princess Louise's), which is an armoured reconnaisance regiment.[79] A small logistical support unit providing assistance to CFB Gagetown is also located at the base.[79]

Education

Post-secondary education

Although Moncton is not a "university town" in the same sense as Halifax or Fredericton, there are still a variety of options available for post secondary education in the southeastern New Brunswick region.

Universities

Université de Moncton
  • Université de Moncton - The largest French language university in Canada outside of Quebec. Enrollment is just under 5000 students. U de M is a comprehensive university with a wide variety of undergraduate and post graduate degree programs including a School of Law.[81][82]
  • Atlantic Baptist University - A private Christian liberal arts and science institution, affiliated with the Convention of Atlantic Baptist Churches. Enrollment is over 600 students. Degrees are available in arts, science, education, business and religious studies.[82]
  • University of New Brunswick - UNB Moncton consists of a health sciences campus located at the Moncton Hospital. Degree courses are available in Nursing and Medical X-ray Technology.
File:ABUArialview.jpg
Atlantic Baptist University
  • Mount Allison University - Consistently ranked as one of Canada's top undergraduate universities. Mt. A is located within commuting distance, only 25 minutes away in the nearby town of Sackville. Enrollment is over 2200 students. Degree programs include Arts, Science, Commerce, Music and Fine Arts, and masters degrees in Biology and Chemistry. Mount Allison provides first year and extension university courses in Moncton and is planning a formal affiliation with the Moncton Flight College to allow for a bachelors degree in aviation.[82]

Community colleges

Private colleges

  • Atlantic Business College - A variety of business, paramedical and paralegal programs.
  • Moncton Flight College - One of Canada's oldest and most prestigious flight schools, is also one of the largest flight schools in Canada.
  • McKenzie College - A Visual Arts institution, specializing in graphic design, digital media and animation.
  • Oulton College - New Brunswick's longest-established private college, providing leading edge skills in a variety of business, paramedical, dental sciences, pharmacy, veterinary, youth care and paralegal programs.

Public school system

File:NBDistrict02.gif
School District 2 is the English school district in Metro Moncton.

There are 34 public schools in greater Moncton, which are administered by separate anglophone and francophone school boards. District 1 is francophone and administers nine schools in the Moncton area. District 2 is anglophone and administers 25 schools in Greater Moncton.

High schools in Metro Moncton

Health facilities

There are two major regional referral and teaching hospitals in Moncton:

The Moncton Hospital

The Moncton Hospital has approximately 400 active treatment beds [84] and is affiliated with Dalhousie University Medical School. It is home to the Northumberland family medicine residency training program and also hosts UNB degree programs in nursing and medical x-ray technology. Tertiary medical services include neurosciences (including neurosurgery and neurointerventional radiology), vascular surgery, orthopedics, trauma, burn unit, medical oncology, and neonatal intensive care. A $48 million expansion to the hospital scheduled for completion in 2007 will contain a new laboratory, ambulatory care centre and trauma centre.[85]

The Dr. Georges-L. Dumont Regional Hospital

The Dr. Georges-L. Dumont Regional Hospital has 347 beds[86] and operates a satellite medical training program affiliated with Université de Sherbrooke Medical School. There are degree programs in nursing and medical x-ray technology, which are administered by U de M. The hospital is also affiliated with the Atlantic Cancer Research Institute. Tertiary medical services include oncology (including radiation oncology) and nephrology. A cardiac cath lab and a PET/CT scanner have been announced for the hospital.[87]

Between these two institutions, Moncton serves as the main medical referral centre for the central Maritime region.

Media

Rogers Cable New Brunswick headquarters in downtown Moncton

Television

Rogers Cable has its provincial headquarters and main production facilities in Moncton and broadcasts on two community channels, Cable 9 in French and Cable 10 in English. Broadcast television stations in Moncton represent all the major national networks and include:

Radio

There are 14 broadcast radio stations in the city covering a variety of genres and interests, Ten of these stations are English and four are French. These stations are:

Print

File:Monctontimesandtranscript.png
The Times & Transcript, Moncton's daily newspaper.
  • The Times & Transcript is anglophone and is the city's main daily newspaper. It is also New Brunswick's largest circulation daily newspaper.[88]
  • L'Acadie Nouvelle serves as the city's French newspaper, but is published out of Caraquet in northern New Brunswick.
  • [here] is a free weekly publication which covers local news from a more youthful perspective.

Cityscape

The Aliant Tower
See also: List of tallest buildings in Moncton

Moncton generally remains a "low rise" city and occupies a relatively large footprint for its size. The citys skyline however is unique, encompassing many interesting buildings and structures with differing styles from many periods. Some of the most defining buildings and structures in the city are:

  • The Aliant Tower, A 127 metre (417 ft) microwave communications tower which was built in 1971. When it was constructed it was the tallest tower of it's kind in North America. It was was formerly known as the NBTel Tower.[89]
  • Assumption Place, A 20 story office building which is the headquarters of the Assumption Mutual Life Insurance Corporation. This building is 80.8 metres (265 ft) in height and is tied with Brunswick Square, (Saint John) as the tallest building in the province.[90]
  • The Blue Cross Centre, A nine story building in downtown Moncton. Although only nine stories tall, it is architecturally distinctive, encompasses a full city block and is actually the largest office building in the city in terms of square footage.[91] It is the headquarters of Medavie Blue Cross.
  • The Delta Beauséjour Hotel, A 310 room, ten floor hotel. The Delta is the city's premier hotel and major conference facility, it is scheduled for major renovation in 2007.[92]

There are about a half dozen other buildings in Moncton that range between eight and twelve stories in height, including the Brunswick Crowne Plaza Hotel and the Terminal Plaza office complex. None of these buildings however are imposing enough to really help define the city.

Government

Municipal government consists of a mayor and ten city councillors elected to four year terms of office. The council is non partisan with the mayor serving as the chairman, casting a ballot only in cases of a tie vote. There are four wards electing two councillors each with an additional two councillors selected at large by the general electorate. Day to day operation of the city is under the control of a City Manager.[93]

The mayor of Moncton is Lorne Mitton (elected May 2004).

Councillors:

Moncton City Hall
Kathryn M. Barnes At Large Norman Crossman Ward 1
Merrill A. Henderson Ward 2 Brian A.Q. Hicks Ward 3
Louisa Barton-Duguay Ward 4 Pierre Boudreau At Large
Steven Boyce Ward 1 Doug Robertson Ward 2
Steve Mitton Ward 3 René (Pepsi) Landry Ward 4

Provincially, seven ridings (out of 55 in the New Brunswick Legislative Assembly) are in the greater Moncton area. Elected Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) (and party affiliations) include:

Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal/rowTemplate:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives/rowTemplate:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal/rowTemplate:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal/rowTemplate:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives/rowTemplate:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal/rowTemplate:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives/row
Mike Murphy Liberal Moncton North
John Betts PC Moncton Crescent
Chris Collins Liberal Moncton East
Joan MacAlpine-S. Liberal Moncton West
R. Bruce Fitch PC Riverview
Bernard LeBlanc Liberal Memramcook-Lakeville-Dieppe
Cy LeBlanc PC Dieppe Centre-Lewisville

Moncton is in the federal riding of Moncton-Riverview-Dieppe, which is represented in the Canadian House of Commons by Brian Murphy, (Liberal). Mr. Murphy had previously been a highly regarded mayor of Moncton. Portions of Dieppe are in the federal riding of Beauséjour, represented by Dominic LeBlanc (Liberal), and portions of Riverview are in the riding of Fundy Royal, represented by Rob Moore (Conservative).

Notable Monctonians

Main article: List of famous Monctonians

Moncton has been the home of a number of famous and/or influential people. The impressive list includes professional boxer Sandy Ferguson, National Hockey League Hall of Famer and NHL scoring champion Gordie Drillon,[94] World and Olympic champion curler Russ Howard,[95] The distinguished literary critic and theorist Northrop Frye,[96] the former Governor-General of Canada Romeo LeBlanc,[97] and former Supreme Court Justice and Rand Formula developer Ivan Cleveland Rand.[98]

Neighbouring municipalities

Sister cities

See also

References

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  72. ^ "Moncton Flight College Receives Civil Aviation Authority of China Approval to Train Chinese Pilots". CANLink Global. 2006-05-15. Retrieved 2007-07-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  73. ^ "Air Traffic Services". NAV CANADA. 2007-03-13. Retrieved 2007-07-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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  88. ^ NADBank Weekly Readership by Resident Market newspaper readership
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  92. ^ "LEGACY HOTELS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST ANNOUNCES ACQUISITION OF THE FEE INTEREST IN ITS MONCTON HOTEL" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-07-15.
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  95. ^ "Our Background". Team Howard. 2005-03-13. Retrieved 2007-07-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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  97. ^ Ayre, John (2007-03-13). "LeBlanc, Romeo A." The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2007-07-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  98. ^ "Rand, Ivan Cleveland". The Canadian Encyclopedia. 2007-03-13. Retrieved 2007-07-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  99. ^ "Lafayette's Sister Cities". Lafayette. 2007-03-13. Retrieved 2007-07-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  100. ^ "Year in Review 2005" (PDF). City of Moncton. 2005-03-13. Retrieved 2007-07-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  101. ^ "THE CITY OF NORTH BAY". Nipissing University. 2005-03-13. Retrieved 2007-07-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)


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