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Cola

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For other uses, see Cola (disambiguation).
The Indonesian version of the characteristically-shaped Coca-Cola bottle
File:Pepsinewcan.jpg
A can of Pepsi cola

Cola is a sweet, carbonated drink usually with caramel coloring and containing caffeine.[1]

Originally invented by the druggist John Pemberton, it has become popular worldwide. Today, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and RC Cola have become the major international brands, leading to the drink often being seen as a symbol of the west.

During the Cold War, it was perceived in many countries as a symbol of the American power and culture. As a result, communist and anti-American countries created their own national versions of the cola drinks, such as the Czech and Slovak Kofola or Polish Polo-Cockta. These days Mecca-Cola is marketed as an alternative to U.S. brands such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola to French consumers.

Flavoring

Despite the name, the primary flavoring ingredients in a cola drink are sugar, vanilla, cinnamon and (usually) caffeine; different manufacturers of cola drinks add other trace ingredients to the drink in addition to these flavorings in order to create distinctively different tastes for each brand. Trace flavorings may include orange, nutmeg, and a wide variety of ingredients, but the base flavorings that most people identify with a cola taste remain vanilla and cinnamon. Kola nuts, which have a bitter taste, contribute little or no flavor to most cola recipes. Acidity is often provided by citric acid, although Coca-Cola uses phosphoric acid for a more neutral (less fruity) taste.

Inexpensive colas may contain only vanilla and cinnamon as flavorings, which provide a simple cola taste. Many cola drink recipes are closely-guarded secrets of their manufacturers, with the recipe used by Coca-Cola being perhaps the most famous in this respect.

In addition to high fructose corn syrup, many other sweeteners may be used as the sweetening ingredient in cola, including sugar, stevia, or an artificial sweetener depending on product and market. "Sugar-free" or "diet" colas contain artificial sweeteners only. Caffeine-free cola drinks are also available.

Brands

The most successful brands of cola are Coca-Cola, Pepsi, RC Cola and Inca-Cola. There are too many local brands to list, made by small regional producers but certain countries and continents have variants produced on a mass scale for large populations. Many generic manufacturers of cola around the world now exist. Dr Pepper is not a cola brand and it has 23 distinct flavors (according to the manufacturer) and found not to be cola in a 1963 U.S. district court case. [citation needed][1]

Europe

  • In the United Kingdom, South Africa and western European countries Virgin Cola was popular in the 1990s but has waned in availability.
  • German brand Afri-Cola had a higher caffeine content (about 250 mg/L) until the product was relaunched with a new formulation in 1999, and has it again since a second relaunch with the original formulation in April 2006.
  • Czech and Slovak Kofola is the third best selling soft-drink in their markets behind Coca-Cola and Pepsi.
  • Cuba Cola is the native cola of Sweden.
  • Turkey's regional cola is Cola Turka.

Asia and the Middle East

Americas

  • Inca Cola is another brand that is marketed in many countries by the Coca Cola group; it is the major cola in some South American countries.
  • There is also an open source recipe for a cola drink, OpenCola.
  • tuKola and Tropicola are brands from Cuba (also sold widely in Italy)
  • Royal Crown (RC Cola) is widely available in the United States, Canada and Mexico.

Chemical reactions

The carbonation in this cup of cola is evident from the bubbles.

Being carbonated, colas are acidic (carbonic acid is formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water), and so can react violently with basic chemicals, such as baking soda. Many colas also contain phosphoric acid and/or citric acid, which further increases the acidity.[2] Colas containing phosphoric acid have been linked to chronic kidney disease.[3] Drinking two or more of these colas per day more than doubled the incidence of kidney disease, while colas containing citric acid did not have an effect.

The Diet Coke and Mentos eruption is an experiment that became popular at the start of the 21st century. [citation needed] Mentos candies and crystalline powders such as sugar and salt when added to cola (usually diet coke), cause fizzing by providing many micronucleation points for the carbon dioxide to leave solution. This however is a physical reaction resulting from the release of dissolved CO2 as opposed to a chemical reaction.

Another experiment involved adding dry ice, providing additional carbon dioxide and can force some of the carbon dioxide present in the drink out of solution, creating an explosion, destroying the bottle.

In either case, mixing these substances with cola (or any other carbonated drink) causes the drink to bubble, creating foam and greatly increasing the pressure in the bottle, resulting in either the bottle or the cap giving way.[2]

Etymology

Look up cola in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

The word cola may have been introduced into the mainstream by the major producer Coca-Cola, as they saw their trademark slipping into common use, like other genericized trademarks. They successfully defended the exclusive use of their name and its diminutive form "Coke" by suggesting the alternative of "cola drink" as a generic name for similar types of carbonated soft drinks. The word cola as part of the Coca-Cola trademark may have originated from the kola nuts that were originally used as the source of caffeine, or from when the original recipe contained coca (from which cocaine is derived).

See also

References

  1. ^ "What is Cola Flavored with?". Retrieved 2007-06-19.
  2. ^ a b "Effects of an acidic beverage (Coca-Cola) on absorption of ketoconazole". Retrieved 2007-06-19.
  3. ^ Tina M. Saldana, Olga Basso, Rebecca Darden, and Dale P. Sandler (2007). "Carbonated beverages and chronic kidney disease". Epidemiology. 18 (4): 501–506.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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