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San Pedro, Los Angeles

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San Pedro is connected to Los Angeles by a thin strip of land, called the "Harbor Gateway", which roughly follows the 110 freeway.

San Pedro is a beach community within Los Angeles, California, USA. It was annexed in 1909 and is a major seaport of the area. The town has grown from being dominated by the fishing industry to become primarily a working class town within the City of Los Angeles. The name of the town is Template:PronEng by its residents, even its Hispanic residents, rather than by its Spanish pronunciation IPA: [samˈpeðɾo].

Geography

San Pedro is located at 33°44′9″N 118°17′32″W / 33.73583°N 118.29222°W / 33.73583; -118.29222Invalid arguments have been passed to the {{#coordinates:}} function (33.73583, -118.29139).Template:GR

Climate

The city is situated in a Mediterranean climate zone (Köppen climate classification), experiencing mild, wet winters and warm to hot summers. Breezes from the Pacific Ocean tend to keep the beach community cooler in summer and warmer in winter than those in further inland Los Angeles; summer temperatures can sometimes be as much as 18 °F (10 °C) warmer in the inland communities compared to that of San Pedro and other Los Angeles coastal communities. The area also sees a phenomenon known as the "marine layer," a dense cloud cover caused by the proximity of the ocean that helps keep the temperatures cooler throughout the year. When the marine layer becomes more common and pervades farther inland during the months of May and June, it is called June Gloom.

History

San Pedro in an 1850 daguerreotype, Deadman's Island is at the top
San Pedro in an 1893 lithograph

The site, at the southern end of the Palos Verdes Peninsula, on the west side of San Pedro Bay, was used by Spanish ships starting in the 1540s.

Origin of name

San Pedro was named after St. Peter of Alexandria, a 4th century bishop in Alexandria, Egypt. His feast day is November 24 on the local ecclesiastical calendar of Spain, the day on which Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo discovered the bay in 1542 which would become "San Pedro." Santa Catalina Island, named after St. Katherine of Alexandria, was also claimed for the Spanish Empire the next day, on her feast day, November 25th. In 1602-1603, Sebastián Vizcaíno (1548–1624) officially surveyed and mapped the California coastline, including San Pedro Bay, for New Spain.

Settlement

Regular settlement began in 1769 as part of the effort to populate California, although trade restrictions encouraged more smuggling than regular business. The Rancho San Pedro is the site of the first Spanish land grant in Alta California, New Spain. The land was granted in 1784 by King Carlos III to Juan Jose Dominguez, a retired Spanish soldier who came to California with the Gaspar de Portolà expedition.

When New Spain won its independence from the Spanish Empire and Alta California became part of Mexico, the trade restrictions were lifted, and the town flourished. Under United States control after 1848, when the United States defeated Mexico in the Mexican-American war, the harbor was greatly improved and expanded under the guidance of Phineas Banning. San Pedro became a major port of the West Coast and is now the busiest port in the country.

In 1888, the War Department took control of a tract of land next to the bay and added to it in 1897 and 1910. This became Fort MacArthur in 1914 and was a coastal defense site for many years. Many other facilities were established in the San Pedro area, and it was a popular port of call for U.S. Navy ships, especially during World War II. The town became a well known watering hole for sailors and Marines during leave and established a reputation as a rough-and-tumble town.

Los Angeles annexation

In 1906, the City of Los Angeles annexed a long narrow strip of land connecting the city to the coast, and in 1909, the city annexed San Pedro and the adjacent town of Wilmington. The odd shape is still seen in the map of the city.

Port of Los Angeles

Vincent Thomas Bridge
The Angel's Gate Lighthouse has stood at the entrance to the port since 1913.
File:118.29561W 33.73203N.png
Satellite Image- San Pedro.
Main article: Port of Los Angeles

San Pedro, Wilmington, and Terminal Island are the locations of the Port of Los Angeles.

Locations of interest

One San Pedro landmark is the Vincent Thomas Bridge, a 1,500-foot- long suspension bridge linking San Pedro with Terminal Island and named after California Assemblyman Vincent Thomas. It is the third longest suspension bridge in California. Nearby is the Los Angeles Maritime Museum, the largest maritime museum in California, as is the museum ship SS Lane Victory, a fully operational victory ship of World War II and National Historic Landmark.

The Frank Gehry-designed Cabrillo Marine Aquarium is also in San Pedro. The Point Fermin Lighthouse, a Victorian-era structure built in the late 19th century, still exists as a museum and park on a bluff overlooking the ocean. The Korean Bell of Friendship is a massive bronze memorial bell donated by South Korea in 1976 to the people of Los Angeles.

The Korean Bell of Friendship.

The church of Mary Star of the Sea is a prominent landmark with a steeple-top statue overlooking the harbour.

In 2003, the San Pedro Waterfront Red Car Line was opened, along the waterfront between downtown San Pedro and the Cruise Ship Terminal. This line includes two newly constructed trolleys built to resemble the wood-bodied 500 class cars introduced in 1905 for the Pacific Electric Railway, which once operated more than 1,000 miles of track running streetcars and interurbans in Southern California. The 1.5-mile line operates along former Pacific Electric right-of-way. The line, rebuilt and maintained by the Port of Los Angeles, also has one original restored Pacific Electric interurban, which is used only for special charter excursions and special events. The original car is in fact Pacific Electric 963 (former Los Angeles Pacific 713 as built in 1907) rebuilt by Richard Fellows and renumbered 1058. Discussions have been held to extend the line to the Cabrillo Marine Aquarium. Port of LA Waterfront Red Car Line

Twenty-Eighth Street in San Pedro, between Gaffey Street and Peck Avenue, is the steepest section of public roadway in Los Angeles. For about 50 feet, the street climbs at a 33.3% angle, although the rest of the street is less steep. [1]

Special events

  • "Be Entertained" year-round by the Golden State Pops Orchestra throughout San Pedro (resident orchestra at the historic Warner Grand theatre and featured ensemble at the Cabrillo Beach 4th of July Celebration....www.gspo.com)
  • Annual Los Angeles Harbor Holiday Afloat Parade: the 2006 parade was the 43rd edition.
  • Annual Holiday Spirit of San Pedro Parade: the 2006 parade was the 27th
  • Annual Taste of San Pedro, held at Point Fermin Park. The event features local restaurants and musicians.
  • Annual Shakespeare by the Sea Festival, held at Point Fermin Park each summer. The company offers free presentations of Shakespeare's works in a family friendly environment. [2]
  • Annual Chocolate Lobster Dive-a-Thon, held at Cabrillo Beach where participants SCUBA dive for "chocolate lobsters" for prizes.
  • First Thursday Artwalk & Dining, held in Downtown San Pedro on Sixth and Seventh Streets between Pacific Avenue and Mesa.
  • Annual Festival of Philippine Arts & Culture, held at Point Fermin Park. Now in its 16th year, FPAC is the largest presenter of Philippine arts and culture in Southern California presenting over 1200 artists in 9 disciplines and attracting over 20,000 audience members from all over the country. The event will be September 8 & 9.

Demographic history

Ethnically diverse, San Pedro was a magnet for European immigrants from various countries for years, reflected in the number of restaurants representing diverse cuisines, especially Croatian, Portuguese, Mexican, Italian, and Greek. San Pedro is home to the largest Italian-American community in Southern California, centered on the "Via Italia" (South Cabrillo Avenue). Estimates state that the community numbers about 45,000 Italian-Americans. San Pedro is also considered the heart of the Croatian community in Los Angeles. This community, originally composed of seafarers and fishermen from the Dalmatia (especially the islands of Brač, Hvar, Vis and Korčula) region, has been present in San Pedro since the settlement began more than 200 years ago. The City of Los Angeles even named a stretch of 9th Street "Croatian Place" in honor of the city's old Croatian community. There are reportedly more than 35,000 Croats in San Pedro, making it the biggest Croatian community on the Pacific.[3].

A large portion of San Pedro is also composed of Mexican-Americans other Hispanic immigrants and African-Americans with long-time roots in the community. Much of their populations are based in the older, east side of the community surrounding the downtown area and bordering the Port of Los Angeles.

Until February 1942, San Pedro was home to a vibrant Japanese immigrant community of about 3,000 people who lived in what had been described as a" typical Japanese Fishing Village" on Terminal Island (East San Pedro).

These Japanese immigrants pioneered albacore fishing out of San Pedro Bay and harvesting abalone off of White Point,thus leading the way in establishing a viable fishing industry in San Pedro.

The 48-hour forced expulsion of these San Pedro residents and the razing of their homes and shops, as part of the Japanese-American internment during World War II, is described in Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston's memoir Farewell to Manzanar.

Ethnicity and race

(Population 72,146) The racial make up of San Pedro according to the 2000 U.S. Census data is 63.02% Caucasian (Croatian, Italian, Hispanic-Whites, Middle Eastern) 18.45% Black, 1.02% American Indian and Alaska Native alone, 4.78% Asian, 0.40% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, 18.02% some other race, and 6.30% two or more races. Separate from those statistics, 12.14% of "Caucasians" identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino, and 20.41% as "Caucasian" alone, not Hispanic or Latino. [4]

Education

San Pedro is served by the Los Angeles Unified School District. San Pedro High School and the Port of Los Angeles High School are primary senior high schools within the region. San Pedro High School is home to the protected landmarks in the form of The English Language Arts and Administration Buildings (c. 1939, 1936, resp.). The school recently celebrated its 100 year anniversary in 2003. It is home to both the Marine Science and Police Academy Magnet programs. Port of Los Angeles High School is a public charter high school, fusing a college preparatory program with elective coursework in International Business and Maritime Studies. Such studies reinforce the significant impact of California’s ports on the global economy and international trade.

Test scores tend to be higher in the area's elementary schools than in its middle and high schools [5].

Primary schools (Grades 1-5)
  • 15th Street Elementary [6] [7]
  • Bandini Elementary [8]
  • Barton Hill Elementary [9] [10]
  • Cabrillo Early Education Center [11]
  • Cabrillo Elementary [12]
  • Leland Elementary [13]
  • Park Western Harbor Magnet [14]
  • Point Fermin Elementary [15]
  • San Pedro/Wilmington Early Education Center [16]
  • South Shores Magnet for the Visual and Performing Arts Elementary School
  • Taper Elementary [17] [18]
  • Taper Avenue Elementary Technology Magnet Center [19]
  • White Point Elementary [20]
  • Crestwood Elementary
Secondary schools (Grades 6-12)

Port of Los Angeles High School

Private schools (Grades 9-12)
Continuation schools
  • Angel's Gate Continuation High [28]
  • Cooper Community Day School [29]
  • Harbor Community Adult School [30]
  • Harbor Occupational Center [31]

Libraries

Los Angeles Public Library operates the San Pedro Branch.

Notable residents

Point Fermin Lighthouse, built in the 19th century, functioned as one of the harbor's two principal lighthouses.
Art
  • Elmer Batters, nylon/foot fetish photographer
  • Mark Machado, better known as "Mister Cartoon", prolific tattoo artist, studio set and CD cover illustrator, co-creator of the Joker line of clothing, jewelry, and leather wear.
Acting
  • Mike Lookinland, who played the youngest brother, Bobby Brady, on The Brady Bunch television series from 1969 until 1974, lived in San Pedro while a child actor.
  • Patrick Muldoon, had regular recurring roles in the well-known soap operas Days of Our Lives and Melrose Place. Starred in 1997 film Starship Troopers.
  • Sharon Tate, actress and wife of Roman Polanski, brutally murdered by the "Manson Family".
  • D. L. Hughley, comedian and actor. Attended San Pedro High School. Currently starring in the NBC series "Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip."
  • Kirk Harris, actor and filmmaker. Starred in Chamaco with Martin Sheen and Michael Madsen, among other films. Lives in South Shores, San Pedro.
Music
  • Ambrosia: Well-known classic rock band with top 40 hits including "You're the Biggest Part of Me" and "(That's) How Much I Feel".
  • John Bettis: Lyricist for many big artists including: Michael Jackson, Madonna, The Carpenters, Whitney Houston and others. He has won an Emmy award and has been nominated for an Oscar for his work on the Godfather III theme song.
  • Minutemen: the band members for the influential and eclectic punk rock band grew up in San Pedro and the band was formed there. Bassist/songwriter Mike Watt still lives in San Pedro and is an active participant in its music scene. Drummer George Hurley still lives in San Pedro, as well.
  • Krist Novoselic, the bassist of Nirvana, grew up in San Pedro before moving to Aberdeen, Washington.
  • Jack Anthony, singer/songwriter and lead singer of the Jack Anthony band, was born and raised in San Pedro and has released several punk/rock/pop albums and one EP which contains a song entitled "Averill Park", named after a local San Pedro park. In 2006 MTV filmed a reality show called "Garage Band Makeover" with the band.
  • Art Pepper, Jazz saxophonist, was born and raised there.
  • Brenton Wood, singer and songwriter, his biggest hit "Gimme Little Sign" reached #9 on the pop charts in 1967.
  • Eric Erlandson, co-founder of and lead guitarist for 90's rock/grunge band Hole. 1981 graduate of San Pedro High School. He also attended Holy Trinity Catholic School, Dana Junior High School (now Middle School) and Los Angeles Harbor College.
Politics
Sports
  • Joe Amalfitano, long-time third base coach for the Los Angeles Dodgers. Part of the 1981 and 1988 World Series championship teams.
  • Alan Ashby, gold-glove winning catcher for the Houston Astros in the 1970s-1980s.
  • Denise Austin, Fitness personality
  • Ronnie Barber Sr., played tight end for the Kansas City Chiefs in the old AFL.
  • James Cotton, ex-CSULB basketball standout. Sharpshooting guard was selected in the second round by the Seattle SuperSonics in the 1997 NBA Draft. Played two seasons for Seattle.
  • Joe Danelo, ex-kicker for the New York Giants
  • Mario Danelo, record-setting ex-placekicker for the 2006 NCAA national champion USC Trojans fell to his death in the cliffs overlooking Santa Catalina Island in San Pedro in 2007.
  • Gary Gabelich, set the Guinness Book of World Records driving his rocket-powered "Blue Flame" vehicle for a world land speed record of 622.287 M.P.H. at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah on October 23, 1970. Record stood for 13 years.
  • Bob Gross, starting small forward for the Portland Trail Blazers 1977 NBA championship team.
  • Brian Harper, former starting catcher for the 1991 World Champion Minnesota Twins. Manager of Los Angeles Angels triple-A affiliate Salt Lake City Bees.
  • Dennis Johnson, Boston Celtic and Seattle SuperSonics basketball great in the 1970s and 1980s. Won three NBA championship rings.
  • Richard Johnson, former USFL and Detroit Lion wide receiver.
  • Ed Jurak, utility infielder for the Boston Red Sox in the 1970s and 1980s.
  • Andy Lopez, former head baseball coach of at the University of Florida. Coached Pepperdine University in 1992 to the College World Series title. Currently the head baseball coach at the University of Arizona.
  • Garry Maddox, 8-time golden glove winning and starting center fielder for the 1980 World Champion Philadelphia Phillies.
  • Haven Moses, former starting wide receiver for the Denver Broncos in the 1970s. Started in Super Bowl XII versus the Dallas Cowboys.
  • Willie Naulls, ex-UCLA basketball great. Played power forward/center for New York Knicks and the Boston Celtics. 4-time NBA All-Star with the Knicks in the 1950s. Won 3 NBA Championships with the Celtics in the 1960s.
  • Angela Nikodinov has finished in the top five in the U.S. National Figure Skating Championships 7 times (1996–2004) and placed 4th in the World in 2002.
  • Raul Rojas, boxing lightweight championship contender in the 1960s.
  • Norm Schachter, three time Super Bowl referee in the National Football League.
  • Tim Wrightman, ex-UCLA star and starting tight end for the dominant 1985 Super Bowl XX Champion Chicago Bears.
Writers and poets
  • Louis Adamic, 1899-1951 Slovenian-American novelist and journalist who wrote about American minorities and immigrants.
  • Richard Armour, poet and author who wrote over sixty books, was born in San Pedro on July 25, 1906.
  • Charles Bukowski, author and poet, lived there in his later years.[1]
"San Pedro is real quiet. It used to be a seaport full of whorehouses and bars. [The latter are still in abundance.] I like the quietness. They ask you how you're doing, they really want to know."
  • Richard Henry Dana author of the famous memoir Two Years Before the Mast. Dana was not a resident but rather a famous visitor to San Pedro, who wrote about the experience in his memoir. San Pedro's first middle school is named after him.
"Two days brought us to San Pedro, and two days more (to our no small joy) gave us our last view of that place, which was universally called the hell of California and seemed designed in every way for the wear and tear of sailors. Not even the last view could bring out one feeling of regret. No thanks, thought I, as we left the hated shores in the distance, for the hours I have walked over your stones barefooted, with hides on my head, -- for the burdens I have carried up your steep, muddy hill, --for the duckings in your surf; and for the long days and longer nights passed on your desolate hill, watching piles of hides, hearing the sharp bark of your eternal coyotes, and the dismal hooting of your owls." Excerpt from Two Years Before the Mast [At the time, San Pedro had no dock. Everything had to be loaded onto smaller boats and rowed ashore.]
"In those days it [East San Pedro] was a company town, a ghetto owned and controlled by the canneries. The men went after fish, and whenever the boats came back-day or night-the woman would be called to process the catch while it was fresh. One in the afternoon or four in the morning, it made no difference...I can still hear the whistle--two toots for French's, three for Van Camp's--and she [Mom] and Chizu would be out of bed in the middle of the night, heading for the cannery." Excerpt from Farewell to Manzanar
"The worst times were when he was "on the beach" - on shore, in San Pedro, California, between ships and broke. "I slept in boxcars and under piles of lumber, and took jobs no one else wanted. I was 18 and looked 24. There were several times I went three and four days without eating. I didn't beg or steal, just went without. I'd like to recover for my readers what it's really like to be hungry. I have a penchant for stories about survival, lessons in survival. I've been a survivor most of my life." L'Amour chronicled some of his experiences on the beach in San Pedro in is 1980 book Yondering.."
"Meallet calls the people he grew up with in the Rancho San Pedro Housing Project ' the most wonderful people I ever knew. These kids had to grow up in a constant state of cultural crisis, always reacting to the police, their messed up parents, and neighborhood gang leaders. It takes superhuman strength to get through it and be aware.' "
  • Scott O'Dell, author of young-adult literature, lived in East San Pedro (Terminal Island) during his childhood.
"Island of the Blue Dolphins, though it is based upon the true story of a girl who lived alone on a California island for eighteen years, came from the memory of my years at San Pedro and Dead Man's Island, when, with other boys my age, I voyaged out on summer mornings in search of adventure."
"It was interesting. San Pedro may have been the last great place to grow up in the L.A. area -- a harbor, a real sense of community, a real Left, even a literary history: Charles Bukowski, Louis Adamic, even Richard Henry Dana stayed [here] for a time. I could ride the ferry across to Terminal Island, hang out at the docks, walk down the harbor among the commercial fishing boats with old Sicilians and Croatians mending their nets, catch crawdads in Averill Park."
  • Arthur A. Almeida, local historian and labor writer, was also president of the ILWU local 13. He has written extensively on labor history and has been the president of the San Pedro Bay Historical Society.
Film and television
  • Anthony "Twan" Huljev, American filmmaker (of Croatian ancestry, born and raised in San Pedro), producer of the infamous underground film "Night Train" [32] which won awards for Best Cinematography and Best New Director at the 2000 FantaSporto International Film Festival [33] in Oporto, Portugal. Son of Vladimir Huljev (co-founder of the American-Croatian Club in 1958, annexing the Croatian Hall in San Pedro in the early 1970s). More recently, Anthony had served as the Los Angeles regional director for Burning Man from 1999-2006 [34], was producer of the Burning Man Opera [35] from 1998–2002. He runs extensive email lists and blogs featuring the art and artists, music, film and events in and around the L.A. area [36]. Currently active in casino gaming entertainment: poker, blackjack, horse racing, casino games, and sports betting [37]. Anthony currently resides near San Pedro in Playa del Rey, maintaining very close ties to the San Pedro community as a large portion of his immediate family still reside there as do many friends, including Minutemen founder Mike Watt and former KXLU radio personality Brother Matt[38]. Anthony lived next door to musician Krist Novoselic, a fellow Croatian-American, when Krist lived with his family in San Pedro, prior to their moving to Aberdeen, Washington where, some years later, Krist was to become bassist with the rock band Nirvana.
  • Lincoln Ruchti - Director of the documentary Chasing Ghosts: Beyond the Arcade[39]
  • Robert Towne, writer, director, producer, actor. Raised in San Pedro. His father owned a popular dress shop that was on 6th Street. One of the best script doctors in Hollywood, he contributed crucial scenes to such films as Bonnie and Clyde (1967) and The Godfather (1972). Also wrote Chinatown (1974), Mission: Impossible (1996), Mission: Impossible II (2000), The Last Detail (1973), Shampoo (1975). The Writers Guild of America, west recently ranked Chinatown, behind only Casablanca and The Godfather, as the third greatest English language screenplay of all time [40].
  • Peter V. Manghera, hosts a local cable television talk show. His show, Pete's Place, has been on the air since February, 1994 and has included many notable personages, including Rep. Jane Harmon (D-CA), Mayor James Hahn, and District Attorneys Steve Cooley and Gil Garcetti.
  • Enzo Giobbe - Director of photography on many Hollywood and European movies. Director and cinematographer on some of the most popular music videos during the 1980s. Raised in San Pedro. His father was a well known commercial fisherman who owned several fishing boats. His mother owned a popular children's clothing store on 6th Street.
The Infamous
  • Joe "Pegleg" Morgan, ex-godfather of the Mexican Mafia prison gang. Joe, who was of Croatian-American heritage spent his early years in San Pedro. Moved to East L.A. in his teens. He was the link between the Mexican Mafia and the West Coast Italian crime syndicates criminal activities of the 1970s. Joe Morgan was the character " JD " in Edward James Olmos 1992 movie American Me.

In the media trivia

  • The short-lived `70's TV series The San Pedro Beach Bums was set in San Pedro. The show spawned the once-legendary line "Football? You bet!".
  • MTV dating television show Next has shot at least one episode in San Pedro. The show has also included residents as contestants as well. [41]
  • Some of the Pirates of the Caribbean movie trilogy was filmed in San Pedro, in fact in the commentary on the DVD for Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, Jerry Bruckheimer called it "Pirates of San Pedro" because the films were heavily shot in that area.

Television

  • The O.C.(2003)
    • TV-Series 2003-2007
  • The popular television show The O.C. filmed on location in San Pedro; footage taken include 5 scenes in 4 different episodes.
    • Season 1, Episode 21: "The Goodbye Girl" [42]
    • Season 1, Episode 24: "The Proposal" [43]
    • Season 1, Episode 24: "The Proposal" [44]
    • Season 3, Episode 5: "The Perfect Storm" [45]
    • Season 3, Episode 1:"The Aftermath" [46]
  • Covert Action (2002)
    • TV-Series 2002-2003 [47]
  • Robbery Homicide Division (2002)
    • TV-Series 2002-2003 [48]
  • 24 (2001)
    • TV-Series 2001-???? [49]
  • Alias (2001)
    • TV-Series 2001-2006 [50]
  • Fear Factor (2001)
    • TV-Series 2001-2006 [51]
  • Power Rangers in Space (1998)
    • TV-Series 1998-1999 [52]
  • Riptide (1984)
    • TV-Series 1984-1986 [53]
  • Cousin Skeeter (1998) [54]
  • 240-Robert (1979)
    • TV-Series 1979-1981 [55]
  • Waterfront (1954)
    • TV-Series 1954-1956 [56]
  • My So-Called Life (1994) was filmed at San Pedro High School.

Film

The "Danish Castle"

Press

  • Many city residents subscribe to or purchase the local newspaper, the Daily Breeze. In 2003, it created a weekly, More San Pedro, in the San Pedro Harbor Area. More San Pedro was cancelled in 2008 after the Breeze was purchased by Copley News Service.

References

  1. ^ Ciotti, Paul. (March 22, 1987) Los Angeles Times Bukowski: He's written more than 40 books, and in Europe he's treated like a rock star. He has dined with Norman Mailer and goes to the race track with Sean Penn. Mickey Rourke and Faye Dunaway are starring in a movie based on his life. At 66, poet Charles Bukowski is suddenly in vogue. Section: Los Angeles Times Magazine; Page 12.
  2. ^ Titles with locations including
    San Pedro, Los Angeles, California, USA

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