List of converts to Islam
Appearance
The following is an incomplete list of notable and extremely inconcious people who converted to Islam (the most retrograde, pathetic and lame Religion) from a different religion or no religion. This article addresses only past professions of faith by the individuals listed, and is not intended to address ethnic, cultural, or other considerations, such as marriage. Such cases are noted in their list entries.
From Abrahamic religions
From Christianity
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bonneval-pasha.jpg/120px-Bonneval-pasha.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dave_Chappelle_%28cropped%29.jpg/122px-Dave_Chappelle_%28cropped%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ali.jpg/122px-Ali.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Malcolm_X_NYWTS_2a.jpg/122px-Malcolm_X_NYWTS_2a.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Mohammed_Zakariya.png/122px-Mohammed_Zakariya.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Kareem_Abdul_Jabbar_crop.jpg/122px-Kareem_Abdul_Jabbar_crop.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Chriseubank.jpg/122px-Chriseubank.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Pickthall1.jpg/122px-Pickthall1.jpg)
A
- Abdul-Karim al-Jabbar (Sharmon Shah) - former NFL Football player[2]
- Abdur Raheem Green
- Abu Tammam - 9th century Arab poet born to Christian parents.[3]
- Abu Usamah - controversial American-born Imam of Green Lane Masjid in Birmingham, UK. Accused of preaching messages of hate towards non-Muslims in a UK Television documentary.[4]
- Ahmad Rashād - Emmy award-winning sportscaster (mostly with NBC Sports) and former American football wide receiver.[5][6]
- Ahmed Santos - Filipino, fugitive, founder of the Rajah Solaiman Movement & suspected by Filipino authorities to be an Al Qaeda operative converted From Catholicism[7][8][9]
- Ahmad Thomson - British barrister and writer and also a member of the Murabitun movement.[10]
- Akhenaton - French rapper and producer of French hip hop.[11]
- Alexander Litvinenko - former Russian spy converted to Islam on his deathbed.[12][13]
- Alexander Russell Webb - Former Presbyterian.[14] American journalist, newspaper owner, and former Consul-General of the U.S.A. in the Philippines.[15][16]
- André Carson - former Baptist,[17] second Muslim to serve the United States Congress.[18]
- Anthony Green or Abdul Raheem Green, Converted from Catholicism to Islam, and is now an Islamic lecturer.[19]
- Art Blakey - American Jazz musician[20]
- Aukai Collins - fought in Chechnya, paid FBI informant, author of an autobiographical book[21]
- Anthony Mundine - former Australian rugby league player for the St George Illawarra Dragons and now a boxer
B
- Benjamin Chavis - controversial former head of the NAACP; joined the Nation of Islam.
- Bernard Hopkins - American boxer[22]
- Betty Shabazz - wife of Malcolm X; former Methodist.[23]
- Bilal Philips - Islamic scholar and author[24]
- Bruno Metsu - French coach of the Senegal team at the 2002 FIFA World Cup[25]
C
- Count Cassius- Visigothic aristocrat who founded the Banu Qasi dynasty of Muladi rulers.[26]
- Chris Eubank - British boxer[27]
- Claude Alexandre de Bonneval or Humbaracı Ahmet Paşa is 18th century French nobleman.[28]
D
- Daniel Moore - poet [29]
- Danny Thompson - English double bass player converted from Catholicism.[30]
- Danny Williams - British boxer[31]
- David Belfield - American, fled to Iran after assassinating Ali Akbar Tabatabai, an Iranian dissident.[32]
- David Benjamin Keldani, a former Catholic priest.
- Dave Chappelle - comedian and television star [33]
- Dawud Wharnsby Ali (David Wharnsby) - Canadian singer/poet.[34][35]
E
- Elsa Kazi - German writer of one-act plays, short stories, novels and history, and one of the greatest poets of her time.
- Éric Abidal (changed his name to Bilal) - French football player, currently playing for FC Barcelona, converted to Islam after marriage.[36]
- Everlast - Rapper from the Irish-American hip-hop group House of Pain, converted From Catholicism. [14]
F
- Franck Ribéry- a French football player. His name after he converted to Islam is Bilal.[37]
G
- Gabriele Torsello - Italian freelance photojournalist based in London who was abducted in Helmand Province, Afghanistan.[38]
- George XI of Kartli - Saffavid commander.[39]
- Germaine Lindsay - one of the suicide terrorists in the 7 July 2005 London bombings[40][41][42] in which 52 people were murdered.
H
- Hamza Yusuf - American convert from Greek Orthodox; head of the Zaytuna Institute.[43]
- Hedley Churchward - English painter[44]
I
- Ian Dallas - Shaykh Dr. Abdalqadir as-Sufi - Sufi shaykh of Scottish origins.[45]
- Ibrahim Muteferrika (original name not known) - From Unitarian Christianity, an early example of a Muslim publisher and printer.[46]
- Ice Cube - Superstar Rapper from compton to Nation of Islam
- Ilie II Rareş - prince of Moldavia.[47]
- Ingrid Mattson - Canadian scholar and current president of the Islamic Society of North America (2006) converted From Catholicism.[48]
- Isabelle Eberhardt - from Lutheran Christianity, 19th century explorer & writer[49]
- Ivan Aguéli (Johan Agelii) - famous Swedish painter.[50][51]
- Iyasu V - Ethiopian emperor.[52]
J
- C. Jack Ellis - Mayor of Macon, Georgia[53]
- Jacques-Francois Menou - French general under Napoleon I of France.[54]
- James Yee - previously Lutheran[55] and former U.S. Army Muslim chaplain.[56]
- Jean de Béthencourt - French explorer who led an expedition to the Canary Islands.[57]
- Jeffrey Lang, a mathematics professor in USA.[58]
- Jerald F. Dirks, former ordained Deacon in United Methodist Church, Harvard Divinity School graduate and author of several book on Islam and Christianity.
- Jermaine Jackson (Muhammad Abdul Aziz) - former member of The Jackson 5.[59]
- Jerôme Courtailler - one of two French brothers convicted by French authorities in 2004 for abetting terrorists[40][60][61]
- Jimmy Cliff - Jamaican reggae musician.[62][63]
- Joe Tex - soul singer and recording artist.[64]
- Johann Ludwig Burckhardt was a Swiss traveller and orientalist.[citation needed]
- St. John Philby - Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence operative; converted from Anglicanism.[65]
- John Walker Lindh - the "American Taliban" converted From Catholicism[66][67]
- John Whitehead - an American singer, songwriter, and record producer.[68]
- John Nelson - first recorded Englishman to become a Muslim.[69]
- Joseph Thomas - Australian convert, acquitted of terrorism charges, placed under a control order under the Australian Anti-Terrorism Act 2005, currently pending retrial.[70][71]
- Judar Pasha - conqueror of the Songhai Empire.[72]
K
- Kamala Surayya (Kamala Das) - Indian writer who wrote in English and Malayalam.
- Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Lew Alcindor) - retired basketball player & the NBA's all-time leading scorer[73]
- Keith Ellison - American, Representative from Minnesota's 5th congressional district, first Muslim to be elected to the United States Congress, converted From Catholicism[74]
- Kevin Barrett - university lecturer and member of Scholars for 9/11 Truth.[75]
- Khalid Yasin - Executive Director of the Islamic Teaching Institute, and a Shaykh currently residing in Australia.[76]
- Knud Holmboe - Danish journalist and explorer converted From Catholicism.[77]
- Köse Mihal - a Byzantine renegade, he accompanied Osman al-Ghazi in his ascent to power and converted to Islam.[78][79]
- Kumba Ialá - a Guinea-Bissau politician who converted in 2008.
L
- Dolores "LaLa" Brooks - American musician.[80]
- Loon - American hip hop and rap artist [81]
- Lee Hughes - professional association football player, currently playing for Notts County F.C. [82]
M
- Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf (Chris Jackson) - retired basketball player[83]
- Malcolm X - American, from Christianity to Nation of Islam to Sunni Islam, African-American civil rights leader.[84]
- Marmaduke Pickthall - famous translator of the Quran.[85]
- Mario Scialoja - Italian ambassador and President of the World Muslim League.[86]
- Matthew Saad Muhammad (formerly Matthew Franklin) - former boxer, converted From Catholicism.[87]
- Matthew Yusuf Smith, also known as Yusuf and Indigo Jo, author of the award winning blog[88] Indigo Jo Blogs, where he muses about life and courts controversy[89]
- Michael Muhammad Knight - American novelist, writer, and journalist.[90]
- Mike Tyson - Is an American boxer to Sunni
- Mihnea Turcitul - was a Prince (Voivode) of Walachia. Converted from Eastern Orthodox Christianity.[91]
- Mohammad Yousuf - Pakistani cricketer. Known for holding the world record for the most Test runs in a single calendar year, converted From Catholicism.[92]
- Mohammed Knut Bernström - Swedish ambassador to Venezuela (1963–1969), Spain (1973–1976) and Morocco (1976–1983)[93]
- Mohammed Zakariya - an American master of Arabic calligraphy, best known for his work on the popular Eid U.S. postage stamp.[94]
- Muhammad Abd-al-Rahman Barker (Philip Barker) - professor of Urdu, former chair of the University of Minnesota's Department of South Asian studies and creator of the Tékumel fantasy world.[95]
- Muhammad Ali (formerly Cassius Clay), from Baptist[96][97] to The Nation of Islam to Sunni Islam.[98] famous boxer.
- Muhammed al-Ahari born January 6, 1965 as Ray Allen Rudder is an American essayist, scholar and writer on the topics of American Islam, Black Nationalist groups, heterodox Islamic groups and modern occultism
- Murad Wilfred Hofmann - NATO official, converted From Catholicism[99]
N
- Nicolas Anelka - French football player[100]
- Nuh Ha Mim Keller - from Catholicism to agnosticism to Sunni Islam, Islamic scholar.[101]
O
- Olu Dara (born Charles Jones III in Natchez, Mississippi[1] on 12 January 1941) is an American cornetist, guitarist and singer
- Omar Bongo - Gabonese, President of Gabon.[102]
- Omar Pasha - Ottoman general. Converted from Serbian Orthodoxy.[103]
P
- Peter Murphy - vocalist of the goth/rock group Bauhaus, converted from Catholicism.[104]
- Pierre Vogel - German Islamic preacher and former professional Boxer.
- Poncke Princen - Dutch soldier, later human rights activist, converted From Catholicism.[105]
- Preacher Moss - Former Baptist,[106] American comedian and comedy writer.[107]
Q
R
- Radu cel Frumos - was the younger brother of Vlad Ţepeş (Dracula) and prince of the principality of Wallachia, converted From Catholicism.[108]
- René Guénon - French Author in the field of metaphysics, converted From Catholicism. [109][110]
- Richard Colvin Reid - shoe bomber (convicted terrorist) [111]
- Richard Thompson - British musician, best known for his guitar playing and songwriting.[112]
- Robert D. Crane is the former adviser to the late President Richard Nixon, and is former Deputy Director (for Planning) of the U.S. National Security Council.[113]
- Robin Padilla - Filipino actor.[114]
- Roger Garaudy - French philosopher, converted From Catholicism.[115]
- Ronald Bell or Khalis Bayyan (born 1 November 1951, Youngstown, Ohio) is an American singer, composer and saxophonist
- Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley - British soldier and peer.[116]
- Rudolf Carl von Slatin - Anglo-Austrian soldier and administrator in the Sudan. Later reverted to Catholicism. [117]
- Rustie Lee - British television chef and celebrity.[118]
- Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood - British author, converted from Protestantism.[119]
- Ryan G. Anderson - former Lutheran, convicted of charges of espionage for Al Qaeda[120][121]
- Ryan Harris- football player for the Denver Broncos [122]
- RZA - Is an American rapper to Nation of Gods and Earths
S
- Salman the Persian A convert from Christianity[123] who was previously Zoroastrian. In search for truth, he traveled to Syria to follow Christianity. Upon the death of his teachers, he was directed to head to Arabia, where he was told the final prophet will rise. He later converted to Islam and became one of Muhammad's first companions.
- Sana al-Sayegh, dean of the Science and Technology Faculty at Palestine International University, converted to Islam in August 2007. Fatah has accused its political rival Hamas of forcing the professor to convert from Christianity, a charge Hamas denies. [124]
- Sarah Joseph - commentator on women's issues and founder of emel magazine, converted From Catholicism.[125]
- Brad Terrence Jordan ("Scarface") - American rapper[126]
- Sheikh Sharifuddin Khalifa, Born to a catholic family, a young Sheikh who at the Age of 5, converted 1000 people to Islam and met the leader of Libya[127][128][129]
- Silma Ihram - formerly a born again Baptist who is an Australian pioneer of Muslim education in the West, founder and former school Principal of the 'Noor Al Houda Islamic College', campaigner for racial tolerance, and Author.[130]
- Siraj Wahaj - Former Baptist.[131] African-American Imam, noted for his efforts to eliminate Brooklyn's drug problems.[132]
- Sheila Musaji - founder of The American Muslim magazine.[133]
- Suhaib Webb - American Islamic activist and speaker.[134]
- Suleiman Pasha - French-born Egyptian commander.[135]
T
- T. B. Irving - An American scholar, author and translator
- Tariq Abdul-Wahad (Olivier Saint-Jean) - originally from France, former basketball player for the Mavericks and Kings[136]
- Tawana Brawley (changed her name to Maryam Muhammad) - African American woman noted for claiming to have been raped by several white men, a claim determined to be a fabrication by a grand jury. Later in life she converted to Islam.[137][138]
- Tekuder - Mongol leader of the Ilkhan empire who was formerly a Nestorian Christian.[139]
- Thomas J. Abercrombie - photographer[140]
- Timothy Winter - prominent British Islamic thinker and scholar, and a lecturer in Islamic studies in the Faculty of Divinity at the University of Cambridge.[141]
- Top Topham - rock guitarist from England.[142]
- Torquato Cardilli - Italian ambassador, converted From Catholicism.[143]
- T-pain - American R'N'B artist
U
V
- Vincenzo Luvineri - American rapper and the lyricist behind the Philadelphia underground hip-hop group Jedi Mind Tricks, converted From Catholicism.[144]
W
- Wadih el-Hage born to a Maronite Christian family in Sidon, Lebanon, a former al-Qaeda member.[citation needed]
- William Abdullah Quilliam - 19th century British poet, ambassador and journalist.[145]
- Willie Brigitte - French convert to Islam who associated with al-Qaeda in Pakistan and was possibly involved in a plot to conduct a terrorist operation in Australia.[146]
X
Y
- Yahiya Emerick - American Muslim scholar, President of the Islamic Foundation of North America, converted from Protestantism.[147]
- Yasin Abu Bakr (Lennox Philip) - of Trinidad and Tobago, under trial for an attempted coup as of 9 March 2006[148]
- Yusuf Estes - Former preacher and federal prison chaplain, converted from Protestantism.[1]
- Yvonne Ridley - British journalist, from Anglicanism. She converted after being kidnapped and released by the Taliban.[149][150]
Z
- Zaid Shakir - American Muslim convert former Baptist, speaker, intellectual, author, and resident scholar of Zaytuna Institute in the United States.[151][152]
- Zağanos Pasha - one of the prominent military commanders of Mehmet II (Mehmet the Conqueror) and a lala, at once an advisor, mentor, tutor, councillor, protector, for the sultan.[153]
From Judaism
- Abdullah ibn Salam - 7th century sahabi said to have been a rabbi of aristocratic stock. [154]
- Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi - influential physicist, philosopher, and scientist who wrote a critique of Aristotelian philosophy and Aristotelian physics.[155]
- Ibn Yahyā al-Maghribī al-Samaw'al was an Arab Muslim mathematician and astronomer of Jewish descent.[156] His father was a Jewish Rabbi from Morocco, but al-Samawʾal converted to Islam.[157]
- Jacob Querido - 17th century successor of the self-proclaimed Jewish Messiah Sabbatai Zevi.[158]
- Jemima Goldsmith daughter of the billionaire Sir James, who was married to Imran Khan [159]
- Leila Mourad - Egyptian singer and actress who rose to fame in the 1940s and 1950s.[160]
- Muhammad Asad (Leopold Weiss) - Viennese journalist who visited the Hijaz in the 1930s. Later, after WWII, he became Pakistani ambassador to the United Nations[161]. Also translated the Qur'an into English and wrote several books on Islam. His son Talal Asad is an anthropologist at the City University of New York
- Rashid al-Din - 13th century Persian physician[162]
- Suleyman Ahmad an American journalist and author[163]
- Sultan Rafi Sharif Bey (Yale Singer) - a pioneer in the development of Islamic culture in the United States.[164]
- Yaqub ibn Killis - 10th century Egyptian vizier under the Fatimids.[165]
From Dharmic religions
From Buddhism
- The Barmakid family - originally the guardians of the great Buddhist shrine near Balkh, upon conversion they became "the greatest family" in the early Abbasid caliphate.[166]
- Mahmud Ghazan - seventh ruler of the Ilkhanate.[167]
- Muhammad Khodabandeh - eighth Ilkhaid dynasty ruler in Iran from 1304 to 1316.[168]
- Mubarak Shah - head of the ulus of the Chagatai Khanate (1252–1260, March-September 1266).[169]
- Tarmashirin - Khan of the Chagatai Khanate following Duwa Timur.[170]
- Hussein Ye - An Islamic scholar of Chinese descent whose lectures are frequently aired on Peace TV.[171]
From Hinduism
- Parameswara - Malay prince of Palembang Hindu descent from Srivijaya that founded the Sultanate of Malacca around 1402.[172]
- Harilal Gandhi - Oldest son of Mohandas K. Gandhi, later reverted back to Hinduism.
- Sumita Devi - Bengali actress and filmmaker.[173]
- Vilayil Fazila - popular Mappila songs singer from Kerala.[citation needed]
- Murshid Quli Khan - the Mughal governor of Bengal.[174]
- Malik Kafur - Indian military general.[175]
- Abdul Wahid Pedersen - Danish cleric.[176]
- Cheraman Perumal - The first Indian king to accept Islam[177]
- Sahaj Ram Sapru - the grandfather of the British-Indian Muslim Philosopher, Sir Dr. Muhammad Iqbal, who was an official in Kashmir during the administration of the Afghan Governor Azim Khan. [178]
- Kamala Suraiyya (formerly Kamala Das) - Anglo-Malayalam writer[179]
- Sharmila Tagore (Begum Ayesha Sultana) - Bollywood film actress.[180]
- Kabir Suman- Modern Bengali singer & songwriter officially converted to Islam from Hinduism in 2000. [181]
- Tansen - Notable musician and poet.[182][183]
- A.R. Rahman (stands for Allah Rakha Rahman) - Modern South Indian singer ,songwriter & Oscar winner officially converted to Islam from Hinduism.[184]
- Steven Vikash Chand - Arrested in the 2006 Toronto terrorism arrests[185]
From Sikhism
- Ubaidullah Sindhi - religious leader and political activist.[186]
Other
From Paganism
- Berke - grandson of Genghis Khan and leader of the Golden Horde who was the first Mongol ruler to establish Islam in a Mongol state.[187]
- David Myatt - from Paganism, former Neo-Nazi-activist[188]
- Negudar - Mongol general and noyan[189]
- Nogai Khan - Mongol general and great-grandson of Genghis Khan.[190]
- Samori Ture - founder of the Wassoulou Empire who resisted French rule in West Africa.[191][192]
- Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan - 9th century Uyghur ruler who was one of the first Turks to convert to Islam.[193]
- Tuda Mengu - Mongol leader of the Golden Horde[194]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Almamy_Samory_Tour%C3%A9.jpg/220px-Almamy_Samory_Tour%C3%A9.jpg)
- Tughlugh Timur - the Khan of Moghulistan.[195]
From Zoroastrianism
- Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa - author and translator of Kalīla wa Dimna from Middle Persian.[196]
- Naubakht - Pahlavi translator of the Abassid court.[197]
- Fadl ibn Sahl - Persian vizier of the Abassid era.[198]
- Rattanbai Petit - second wife of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan
- Saman Khuda - founder of the Samanid dynasty, one of the first native Persian dynasties in the Middle East and Central Asia after the collapse of the Sassanids.[199]
From Atheism
- A. R. Rahman (Initially raised Hindu, but was atheist as a teenager until conversion to Islam) - famous Indian music composer[200]
- Zhang Chengzhi - contemporary Hui Chinese author; raised as an atheist.[201]
- Charles le Gai Eaton - British diplomat and writer.[202]
- Yusuf Islam (Cat Stevens) - British musician and singer (had a nominally Christian upbringing, but never was a believer)[203]
- Jeffrey Lang - American, Professor in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Kansas. (Raised Catholic, but atheist from age 18 to conversion)[204][205]
- Martin Lings - a widely acclaimed British scholar. He was raised as a Protestant, became an atheist, and later converted to Islam.[206]
- Mos Def - American rapper and actor. [207]
- Nursultan Nazarbayev - The incumbent President of Kazakhstan. Formerly held atheistic views during the Soviet era.[208]
Undetermined former religion
- Nur al-Anwar al-Jerrahi (born Lex Hixon) - syncretist, Sufi convert, and co-founder of the Nur Ashki Jerrahi Sufi Order in the United States.[209]
- Thomas J. Abercrombie -Famous photographer and writer for National Geographic Magazine http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/06/AR2006040602187.html
- Edoardo Agnelli - eldest son of Gianni Agnelli, the industrialist patriarch of Fiat.
- Abd al Malik - birth name Régis Fayette-Mikano - French rapper of Congolese origins.[210]
- Mumia Abu-Jamal - journalist, Black Panther, political activist, and although widely disputed, a convicted murderer.[211][212]
- B.G. Knocc Out - American west coast rapper.[213]
- Hasan Akbar (born Mark Fidel Kools) - American sentenced to death for the murder of two fellow soldiers during the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq.[214]
- Maurice Béjart - French choreographer.[215]
- Robert "Kool" Bell - musician.[216]
- Ronald Bell - musician.[217]
- Mohammed Knut Bernström - Swedish ambassador.[218]
- Khaled Edward Blair - British barrister, later married Princess Badiya bint El Hassan of Jordan.[219]
- Charles Brooks, Jr. - converted while serving a sentence for murder; first person to be executed by lethal injection in the United States.[220]
- H. Rap Brown - civil rights activisit.[221]
- Titus Burckhardt - Swiss writer and scholar.[222]
- Amir Butler- author, engineer and Islamic activist.[223]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/IceCube_Toronto2006.jpg/150px-IceCube_Toronto2006.jpg)
- Kérim Chatty- Swedish bodybuilding stuntman who was once suspected of attempted hijacking. The preliminary inquiry was dropped. [224]
- Jill Courtney - Australian, girlfriend of convicted killer and drug trafficker Hassan Kalache, arrested on 26 March 2006 for attempted murder of unnamed people.[225][226][227]
- Robert D. Crane - former Presidential advisor and ambassador.[228]
- Ice Cube - Gangsta rapper and actor.[229]
- Bob Denard - French mercenary.[230]
- Jeffrey Mark Deskovic - served 15-year wrongful imprisonment sentence.[231]
- Isabelle Eberhardt - explorer and writer.[232]
- Baron omar Rolf von Ehrenfels - Austrian anthropologist and orientalist.[233]
- Everlast - Irish-American rapper and singer-songwriter.[234]
- Alys Faiz - human rights and peace activist;[235] converted at the time of her marriage to Urdu poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz.[236]
- Jeff Fort - former Chicago gang leader, co-founder of the Black P. Stones gang, and founder of its El Rukn faction. He was convicted in 1987 of conspiring with Libya to perform acts of domestic terrorism.[237][238]
- Philippe Fragione - French rapper and producer of French hip hop.[239]
- Christian Ganczarski- Head of "al Qaeda in Europe".[240]
- Philippe Grenier - (1865–1944) French doctor, first and only Muslim MP in France.[241].[242]
- Gigi Gryce - American saxophonist, flutist, clarinetist, composer, arranger, and educator.[243]
- Walt Hazzard - former NBA player.[244]
- David Hicks - convicted Australian terrorist.[245]
- Lim Yew Hock - Singapore’s second Chief Minister from 1956 to 1959.[246]
- Craig Hodges - former NBA player.[247]
- Ibrahim Hooper (Douglas Hooper) - Islamic activist, spokesman for the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR).[248]
- Abdullah Ibrahim - South African Jazz musician.[249]
- Umar Islam - one of the suspects arrested in the UK in connection to the 2006 transatlantic aircraft terrorist plot in the United Kingdom.[250]
- Malik ul Salih - established the first Muslim state of Samudera Pasai.[251]
- Tiara Jacquelina - Malaysian actress.[252]
- Ahmad Jamal - Jazz pianist.[253]
- Jan Janszoon - Dutch pirate.[254]
- Larry Johnson - retired American professional basketball player.[255]
- Gustave-Henri Jossot - French caricaturist, illustrator and Orientalist painter.[256]
- Vladimir Khodov - leader of the Beslan school hostage crisis- converted in prison.[257]
- Abd al Haqq Kielan - Swedish cleric.[258]
- Ghostface Killah - member of the Wu-Tang Clan.[259]
- Begum Om Habibeh Aga Khan - born Yvette Blanche Labrousse, Miss France 1930, wife of Aga Khan III.[260]
- Yusef Lateef - American Jazz musician.[261]
- Johann von Leers - advisor to Muhammad Naguib known for his anti-Semitic polemics.[262][263][264]
- Gary Legenhausen - American philosopher and writer.[265]
- Brandon Mayfield - American attorney-at-law, was erroneously linked to the 2004 Madrid train bombings.[266]
- MC Ren - American rapper and hip-hop producer.[267]
- Ali Shaheed Muhammad - member of A Tribe Called Quest.[268]
- Idris Muhammad - American jazz musician.[269]
- John Allen Muhammad - convicted serial killer, known as the Beltway Sniper.[270][271]
- Anthony Mundine - Australian Boxer.[272]
- Abdul Alim Musa - Muslim activist and director of Masjid Al-Islam in Washington, D.C.[273]
- Susanne Osthoff - German archaeologist who had worked in Iraq since 1991 and had been taken captive there for three weeks.[274]
- José Padilla - the respondent in Rumsfeld v. Padilla currently on trial as an alleged al-Qaida operative, converted while in prison for aggravated assault.[275]
- Christopher Paul (aka Paul Kenyatta Laws aka Abdulmalek Kenyatta) - American citizen, alleged member of al-Qaeda.[276][277]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Isabelle_Eberhardt.jpg/220px-Isabelle_Eberhardt.jpg)
- Charles John Pelham (Abdul Mateen), 8th Earl of Yarborough.[278]
- Q-Tip - North American hip-hop emcee, actor, and hip hop producer who was the leader of the critically acclaimed group A Tribe Called Quest.[279]
- Dwight Muhammad Qawi - former boxing world heavyweight champion.[280]
- Jack Roche - convicted of involvement in an al-Qaeda plot to blow up the Israeli embassy in Canberra.[281]
- Ilich Ramírez Sánchez - aka "Carlos the Jackal", convicted murderer and terrorist, currently in prison in France.[282]
- Ibrahim Savant - one of the suspects arrested in the UK in connection to the 2006 transatlantic aircraft terrorist plot in the United Kingdom.[250]
- Frithjof Schuon - metaphysician, poet, painter, philosopher (in the original and Platonic sense of this term), and a leading figure of the perennialist school.[283]
- Stephen Schwartz - American journalist, columnist, and author.[284]
- Derrick Shareef- charged in a plot to set off four hand grenades in garbage cans 22 December at the CherryVale Mall in Rockford, Illinois during the Christmas rush.[285]
- Sahib Shihab - jazz saxophonist and flautist.[286]
- Divine Styler - American hip-hop musician.[287]
- Nahshid Sulaiman - alternative hip hop artist.[288]
- Apisai Tora - Fijian politician.[289]
- Mike Tyson (Malik Abdul Aziz) - former heavyweight boxing champion of the world. Converted while in prison after being convicted of rape.[290][291]
- Abdul Waheed (Don Stewart-Whyte) - accused of participating in the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot.[292][293]
- Jason Walters - of the Netherlands, member of the Hofstad Network, convicted on charges of terrorism.[294]
- John Ward - (changed name to Yusuf Reis) British corsair and pirate.[295]
- Rakan Ben Williams - suspected member of Al-Qaeda terrorist.[296]
- Michael Wolfe - American poet, author, and the President and Executive Producer of Unity Productions Foundation.[297][298]
- Michael X - civil rights activist in the United Kingdom [299]
- Yusuf Chambers - U.K. based Da'ee of international fame. Yusuf Chambers is a young preacher from London, has greatly involved himself in many organizations in U.K. and outside like Peace TV, Islam Channel, Al-Jumuah magazine, Unity TV etc
See also
- Lists of Muslims
- List of people who converted to Christianity
- List of converts to Hinduism
- List of converts to Judaism
- List of converts to Buddhism
- List of converts to Sikhism
- List of former Muslims
- List of people by belief
- Religious conversion
References
![]() | This article has an unclear citation style. (September 2009) |
- ^ a b Elizabeth Omara-Otunnu (2003-11-17). "Ramadan Awareness Event Designed To Debunk Negative Images". Advance, University of Connecticut.
- ^ "NBA great Kareem Abdul-Jabbar wants NFL player to stop using name - the former Sharmon Shah, Miami Dolphin running back being sued by former basketball player" Jet Online. Dec. 1, 1997. Johnson Publishing Co.
- ^ Ibn Ab̄i Tahir Ṭāyfūr and Arabic writerly culture a ninth-century bookman in Baghdad RoutledgeCurzon Studies in Arabic and Middle-Eastern Literatures: A Ninth-century Bookman in Baghdad, By Shawkat M. Toorawa, pg. 94
- ^ Guardian newspaper report on police investigation into undercover mosque program. Wednesday August 8 2007
- ^ Ahmad Rashad Bio - Ahmad Rashad Biography - Ahmad Rashad Stories
- ^ Minnesota Vikings Football Tickets - Vikings Football - Vikings Tickets
- ^ In Philippines, watchful eye on converts csmonitor.com
- ^ Militant Islamic Converts And Terrorism In The Philippines
- ^ MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
- ^ Thomson, Ahmad – Author Information Ibooks
- ^ Global Noise, By Tony Mitchell, pg. 72
- ^ Litvinenko converted to Islam, father says - Times Online
- ^ Litvinenko's Father Says Son Requested Muslim Burial - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY
- ^ Islam in America, By Jane I. Smith, pg. 189
- ^ Conversion: Islam, the growing religion
- ^ The "Yankee Mohammedan": Alexander Russell Webb and the
- ^ Islam Convert seeks a seat in Congress
- ^ Catching up: Indiana's Carson will replace his grandmother in Congress
- ^ YouTube - Why I Came to Islam: Abdur Raheem Green
- ^ Art Blakey official site In 1948, Art told reporters he had visited Africa, where he learned polyrhythmic drumming and was introduced to Islam, taking the name Abdullah Ibn Buhaina.
- ^ "My Jihad" - Salon.com
- ^ Ex-champion Naseem Hamed's comeback battle Special reports | The Observer
- ^ Gale - Free Resources - Black History - Biographies - Betty Shabazz
- ^ Dr.Bilal Philips' Official website
- ^ SOCCER : Metsu's magic ride ends - International Herald Tribune
- ^ Banu Kasi, Casius, Kasi and Qasi in the Spanish-language Auñamendi Encyclopedia.
- ^ Telegraph.co.uk - Lengthy queue to join religion that offers 'sense of direction'
- ^ Claude Alexandre, Comte de Bonneval, or Humbaraci Ahmed Pasa (French noble) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
- ^ Moore, Abd al-Hayy. CHOOSING ISLAM: ONE MAN'S TALE. University of New Hampshire.
- ^ The Music Show - 24 February 2007 - Danny Thompson
- ^ BBC - Beds Herts and Bucks - Sport - Williams on boxing: I am not supposed to do it!
- ^ [1]
- ^ On the Beach With Dave Chappelle - TIME
- ^ IslamonLine.net
- ^ MySpace.com - Dawud Wharnsby - Colorado - Folk Rock / Acoustique / A'cappella - www.myspace.com/wharnsby
- ^ Abidal become Muslim with a name Bilal
- ^ RIBERY HAILS GREAT ZIDANE: Sporting Life 2006 World Cup Finals in Germany, Breaking News, Features, Cannavaro, Zidane, Lippi, Domenech, Buffon, Vieira, Henry
- ^ BBC NEWS South Asia | Afghan kidnappers 'want convert'
- ^ Iranica.com - GORGIN KHAN
- ^ a b Al Qaeda exploits 'blue-eyed' Muslim converts
- ^ Western white woman a suicide bomber - World - Times Online
- ^ ICT - International Institute for Counter-Terrorism
- ^ NPR: Convert Plays Leadership Role in Muslim Community
- ^ Famous London Muslims
- ^ The Collected Works by Ian Dallas, Budgate Press, 2005, ISBN 0-620-34379-6
- ^ UU site
- ^ The Historians' History of the World by Henry Smith Williams, p. 137, published 1907
- ^ MSBC Article's title says "Raised Catholic, this Muslim professor is bringing the moderate viewpoint to the world."]
- ^ Isabelle Eberhardt: Explorer
- ^ Roald, Anne Sofie (2004). New Muslims in the European Context: The Experience of Scandinavian Converts . Brill Academic Publishers. pg.28
- ^ Aguéli Museum states "He changed his name to Ivan Aguéli. Later he converted to Islam."
- ^ Bahru Zewde, A History of Modern Ethiopia (London: James Currey, 1991), p. 121.
- ^ CNN: Macon, Georgia, mayor converts to Islam
- ^ "The history of new Muslims". Media ISNET. Retrieved 2007-03-17.
{{cite web}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|accessdaymonth=
,|accessyear=
,|month=
,|accessmonthday=
, and|coauthors=
(help) - ^ The Ordeal of Chaplain Lee
- ^ CNN.com - U.S. Army Muslim chaplain arrested - Sep. 22, 2003
- ^ French Armies of the Hundred Years War, By David Nicolle, Angus McBride, pg. 40
- ^ Jeffry Lang lecture
- ^ Jermaine Jackson (I) - Biography
- ^ [http://www.liberation.fr/page. php?Article=217105]
- ^ Embassy plot offers insight into terrorist recruitment, training - The Advocate
- ^ allmusic ((( Jimmy Cliff > Biography )))
- ^ Jimmy Cliff Official Website
- ^ Joe Tex, 47, Recording Artist And Soul Singer for 30 Years - New York Times
- ^ Philby, H. Saint John. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2 July 2007.
- ^ <[2]
- ^ Transcript of John Ashcroft - February 5, 2002
- ^ John Whitehead at the Notable Names Database
- ^ BBC - Religion & Ethics - Islam in the UK (1500s-present): Before the 20th century
- ^ Thomas convicted under terror laws, Four Corners, 27 February 2006
- ^ ABC staff (20 December 2006). "Thomas to face retrial on terrorism charges". ABC online. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2006-12-20.
- ^ Davidson, Basil. Africa in History. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.
- ^ NY Times Archived Short Book Review of Giant Steps by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Peter Knobler.
- ^ Keith Ellison for U.S. Congress
- ^ Barrett's personal website
- ^ Transcript of Sheikh Khalid Yasin-07/09/2003: Sunday Nights With John Cleary
- ^ http://www.knud-holmboe.com/books/knud_biography.pdf
- ^ The Last Great Muslim Empires, By H. J. Kissling, Bertold Spuler, F. R. C. Bagley, pg.3
- ^ American studies in altaic linguistics, By Denis Sinor, pg.5
- ^ [3]
- ^ Rapper star Loon converts to Islam MPACUK (2009-07-15). Retrieved on 2009-08-09.
- ^ http://archive.thisisworcestershire.co.uk/2005/5/7/14091.html
- ^ "MAHMOUD ABDUL-RAUF'S SUSPENSION FOR REFUSING TO STAND FOR THE NATIONAL ANTHEM: A "FREE THROW" FOR THE NBA AND DENVER NUGGETS, OR A "SLAM DUNK" VIOLATION OF ABDUL-RAUF'S TITLE VII RIGHTS?" Washington University Law Quarterly.
- ^ Official website of Malcom X: Biography
- ^ Islamic Studies : A Research Guide
- ^ BBC NEWS Europe | Italy prepares for new terrorism
- ^ Matthew Saad Muhammad
- ^ "Winner of the Best European Blog". Brass Crescent Awards. 2008.
- ^ "Beware The New Axis of Evangelicals and Islamists". The Spectator. 4 March 2009.
- ^ Comment is free Punk Muslims
- ^ Ştefan Ştefănescu, Istoria medie a României, Bucharest, Vol. I, 1991, p.164
- ^ Mohammed Yousuf
- ^ Roald, Anne Sofie (2004). New Muslims in the European Context: The Experience of Scandinavian Converts . Brill Academic Publishers. pg.130
- ^ Psychology Today: The Soul Searcher
- ^ Gary Fine, Shared Fantasy: Role Playing Games As Social Worlds, University of Chicago Press (Chicago, IL), 1983. Reprinted in 2002.
- ^ On the Other Side of Oddville By Dwight A. Moody, Ike Moody, pg. 122
- ^ Muhammad Ali & Company By Thomas Hauser, pg. 18
- ^ Muhammad Ali has embraced Sufi Islam and is on a new spiritual quest - Beliefnet.com
- ^ [‘’’ Journey to Islam - Diary of a German Diplomat’’’ by Murad Hoffman]
- ^ Muslim Anelka to quit England Sport | This is London
- ^ Keller, Nu Ha Mim. Becoming Muslim.
- ^ "Bongo's 40 years of ruling Gabon" BBC News, 28 November 2007. Accessed on 8 February 2008.
- ^ Ethnicity, Cultural Discontinuity and Power Brokers in Northern Iraq: The Case of the Shabak .Amal Vinogradov. American Ethnologist, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Feb., 1974), pp. 207–218
- ^ Peter Murphy
- ^ Ponke, a human rights hero, is dead
- ^ Christian and Muslim comics show believers that faith sometimes is best shared through laughter - especially when it's at themselves
- ^ “Allah Made Me Funny!” - A Popular Muslim-American Comedy. IslamOnline.net
- ^ ’’A Cold’’ By Marin Sorescu, Published 1978, p.16
- ^ [4]
- ^ Guenonian Esoterism and Christian Mystery, By Jean Borella, G. John Champoux, back cover.
- ^ The Shoe Bomber's World - TIME
- ^ Humphries, Patrick, Richard Thompson - The Biography, Schirmer, 1997. ISBN 0-02-864752-1
- ^ Guest CV - Dr. Robert (Farooq) D. Crane, Islam Online
- ^ Robin Padilla opens school for Muslim kids
- ^ Origin and Enduring Impact of the 'Garaudy Affair'
- ^ History of the London Central Mosque and the Islamic Cultural Centre 1910–1980, A. L. Tibawi, Die Welt des Islams, New Ser., Bd. 21, Nr. 1/4 (1981), pp. 193–208
- ^ Slatin, Rudolf Karl, Baron von. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 3 July 2007.
- ^ Vote Rustie Lee
- ^ Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood Dawah Theology Islam
- ^ The Niqabi Paralegal: Ryan Anderson convicted
- ^ Soldier Guilty Of Al Qaeda Aid, Spc Anderson Convicted Of Trying To Give Terrorists Info - CBS News
- ^ MyFox Colorado Being Muslim in The Big Leagues
- ^ Religion and Nation: Iranian Local and Transnational Networks in Britain By Kathryn Spellman, pg. 145
- ^ Khaled Abou Toameh. "Hamas forced professor to convert." Jerusalem Post. 5 August 2007.
- ^ Putting a good glossy on the Muslim lifestyle. Times
- ^ American Renaissance News: Post 9/11, Islam Flourishes Among Blacks
- ^ Boy 5 knows 5 languages, Scotland on Sunday, April 8, 1999
- ^ Boy 5 converts 1000, to Islam
- ^ Boy 5 converts 1000, to Islam Full Version, Youtube
- ^ "About me". Silma. Push-Button Publishing. 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
- ^ Islam in America, By Jane I. Smith, pg. 196
- ^ Kohn, Rachael. The Black imam of Brooklyn
- ^ Three killed while performing ritual
- ^ [5]
- ^ Biographie
- ^ NBA.com: Tariq Abdul-Wahad Bio
- ^ Pagones v. Maddox et al.
- ^ [6] [7]
- ^ A history of the crusades, By Steven Runciman, pg. 397
- ^ Interview at Bayweekly "Q: Am I right that you became a Moslem in the mid-1960s? Answer: I think it was '65 or '66."
- ^ Feature Interview: Tim Winter (aka Abdul Hakim Murad) :: Sunday Nights
- ^ ”Top Brother”, Emel: The Muslim Lifestyle Magazine, January/February 2005, Issue 9
- ^ [Rome's Envoy to Saudi Arabia Converts to Islam by Luke Baker, CNN, 26 November 2001]
- ^ Vinnie Paz
- ^ William Henry ('Sheikh Abdullah') Quilliam, 1856-
- ^ Brigitte terrorism trial nears ABC News
- ^ How Did You Accept Islam? by Yahiya Emerick
- ^ Jamaat al-Muslimeen on Trial in Trinidad and Tobago
- ^ "Yvonne Ridley: From captive to convert", By Hannah Bayman, BBC News (online), 21 September, 2004
- ^ BBC Inside Out - Yvonne Ridley
- ^ U.S. Muslim Clerics Seek a Modern Middle Ground - New York Times
- ^ New Islamic Directions
- ^ The Genoese in Galata: 1453–1682, Louis Mitler, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 10, No. (Feb., 1979), pp. 71–91.
- ^ E12, I. 52 (Joseph Horovitz, Muhammeds Himmelfahrt, Der Islam 9 (1919); Ibn Hajar Asqalni, Isaba fi Tamyiizi al-Sahaba, II. 312-3
- ^ Routledge History of Philosophy By Stuart Shanker, John Marenbon, George Henry Radcliffe Parkinson, pg. 76
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ Medieval Cultures in Contact, By Richard Gyug, pg. 123
- ^ JewishEncyclopedia.com - QUERIDO, JACOB
- ^ http://www.jews-for-allah.org/Jewish-Converts-to-Islam/Jemima-Goldsmith.htm
- ^ Leila Mourad, Egyptian Film Actress, 77 - New York Times
- ^ Biography of Muhammad Asad
- ^ Encyclopedia Britannica, "Rashid ad-Din", 2007
- ^ http://www.jews-for-allah.org/Jewish-Converts-to-Islam/Suleyman-Ahmad.htm
- ^ "TAPS" (PDF). The Kablegram. Staunton Military Academy Foundation. 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-06.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - ^ In the Court of Ya'qub Ibn Killis: A Fragment from the Cairo Genizah , Mark R. Cohen, Sasson Somekh ‘’The Jewish Quarterly Review’’, New Ser., Vol. 80, No. 3/4 (Jan. - Apr., 1990), pp. 283–314
- ^ Kennedy, Hugh (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates. Longman. pp. 137, 143.
- ^ Mahmud Ghazan. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 2 July 2007.
- ^ Limbert, J. W. (2004). Shiraz in the age of Hafez: the glory of a medieval Persian city. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p.87
- ^ A Sketch of the History of Hindustan from the First Muslim Conquest to the Fall of the Mughol Empire by H. G. Keene
- ^ The Chaghadaids and Islam: the conversion of Tarmashirin Khan (1331-34). - Journal, Magazine, Article, Periodical
- ^ Peace Tv
- ^ The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Languages & Literature, edited by Prof. Dato' Dr Asmah Haji Omar (2004) ISBN 981-3018-52-6
- ^ BANGLAPEDIA: Sumita Devi
- ^ Concise Encyclopaedia Of World History, By Carlos Ramirez-Faria, pg. 528
- ^ The history of India, By John McLeod, pg.36
- ^ Islam Online
- ^ The Judgment Against Imperialism, Fascism and Racism Against Caliphate and Islam, By Khondakar Golam Mowla, pg. 183
- ^ Template:Harvard reference
- ^ Rediff On The NeT: Varsha Bhosle on Kamala Das's conversion to Islam
- ^ A Western Journalist on India, By Francois Gautier, pg. 131
- ^ [8]
- ^ India Divided, By Rajendra Prasad, pg. 63.
- ^ A History of Hindi Literature, By F. E. Keay, pg. 36
- ^ Srinivasan, Gopal (November 2002). "Composer Extraordinaire: The Complete Biography of A.R. Rahman". Retrieved on 15 February 2007
- ^ A convert who wanted to spread the faith The Globe and Mail - June 7, 2006
- ^ Mawlānā ʻUbayd Allāh Sindhī : ʻālāt-i zandagī, taʻlīmāt awr siyāsī afkār by Muḥammad Sarwar. Publisher: Lahore, 1976
- ^ Devin De Weese, Devin A, ( DeWeese. "Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde", Penn State Press, 1 Sep 1994, ISBN 0-271-01073-8 pg.3
- ^ David Myatt: From Neo-Nazi to Muslim
- ^ The Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful, pg. 226
- ^ Vásáry, p.71
- ^ Learning to Love Africa, By Monique Maddy, pg. 156
- ^ Wars of imperial conquest in Africa, 1830-1914, By Bruce Vandervort, pg. 128
- ^ Asian Mythologies, By Yves Bonnefoy, Wendy Doniger, Gerald Honigsblum, pg. 337
- ^ Medieval Russia, 980-1584: 980-1584, By Janet Martin, by 171
- ^ Society and Culture in the Early Modern Middle East By Andrew J. Newman, University of Edinburgh, pg. 30
- ^ The Fall of the Idigo Jackal, By McComas Taylor, pg. 3
- ^ Islam's Contribution to Science, By Husain Muzzafar, S. Muzaffar Husain, pg. 31
- ^ Iran. - By Yahya Armajani, pg. 67
- ^ Encyclopedic Survey of Islamic Culture. By Mohamed Taher, pg. 84
- ^ The Complete Biography of A.R.Rahman - The A.R.Rahman Page
- ^ * Fisac, Taciana (2003). "Social anomie and political discourse in contemporary China". China Today: Economic Reforms, Social Cohesion, and Collective Identities. United Kingdom: Routledge. p. 164. ISBN 0415312671.
{{cite conference}}
: Unknown parameter|booktitle=
ignored (|book-title=
suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|editors=
ignored (|editor=
suggested) (help) - ^ The Radical Middle Way - Hasan Le Gai Eaton
- ^ Daily Times article reposted at his site
- ^ Profile at a page for converts
- ^ Struggling to Surrender, Some Impressions of an American Convert to Islam by Dr. Jeffrey Lang, [9]
- ^ Martin Lings, a Sufi Writer on Islamic Ideas, Dies at 96 - New York Times
- ^ You're Gonna Serve Somebody
- ^ Ideology and National Identity in Post-Communist Foreign Policies By Rick Fawn, pg. 147
- ^ Sufi Review (Pir Publications, Spring 1997), p.5-8
- ^ lepetitjournal.com - PORTRAIT – De Régis Fayette-Mikano à Abd Al Malik
- ^ The religion of Mumia Abu-Jamal, convicted murderer
- ^ Mumia Abu-Jamal case in court today
- ^ B.G. Knocc Out & Dresta
- ^ The Associated Press. (2003). "Motive a mystery in grenade attack" CNN.com. Retrieved 25 November 2006.
- ^ Chronicle, New York Times, 3 April 1990
- ^ Charles Smith - Telegraph
- ^ [ibid]
- ^ [Archive for the Psychology of Religion By Jacob A Belzen, Nils G Holm, p.51]
- ^ Mr. Khaled Edward Blair
- ^ Last Statement from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved 22 August 2005.
- ^ Die Nigger Die: A Political Autobiography by H. Rap Brown (Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin)
- ^ Saudi Aramco World : The World of Islam: Its Arts
- ^ FourCorners Opinion: Amir Butler
- ^ "Bodybuilding stuntman who turned to Islam". BBC News. 2002-09-30. Retrieved 2006-12-27.
- ^ Sydney bomb plot link to race riots, murderer
- ^ Sydney bomb plotter charged: World: News: News24
- ^ [10][dead link]
- ^ http://www.ajma.org/Bin/Bin.htm
- ^ Chillin' with Cube | Guardian Unlimited Film
- ^ BBC NEWS World | Africa | Profile: French mercenary Bob Denard
- ^ DNA Evidence Frees a Man Imprisoned for Half His Life - New York Times
- ^ Isabelle Eberhardt in brief Literary Review | Find Articles at BNET.com
- ^ Dr S. M. Abdullah (Khulusi 1963, pp. 234–235).
- ^ Everlastworld - Everlast biography
- ^ Alys Faiz passes away
- ^ Faiz Ahmed Faiz
- ^ "Five Draw Long Sentences for Terrorism Scheme". The New York Times. Associated Press. 1987-12-31. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
- ^ Robert W. Dart, The Future is Here Today: Street Gang Trends, 1992
- ^ RFI Musique - Akhénaton
- ^ French Allege Detained German Is Top Al Qaeda Leader
- ^ Docteur Philippe Grenier
- ^ (Dz Lit) Robert Bichet
- ^ Gigi Gryce Biography
- ^ HickokSports.com - Biography - Walt Hazzard
- ^ Ian Munro and Penny Debelle,Bring Hicks home, The Age, Fairfax, 2 December 2006
- ^ ’’The Man Who Thumped the Reds’’, The Straits Times on 1 Dec 1984.
- ^ http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4155/is_20010515/ai_n13910333
- ^ PBS.org - Perspecives: American Muslim Issues
- ^ The sound of freedom The Guardian | Guardian Unlimited
- ^ a b Profiling the Suspects: Converts to Islam
- ^ The Preaching of Islam, By Thomas Walker Arnold, pg. 297
- ^ New Sunday Times, Malaysia. "Tiara's true to her roles" (18 September 2005)
- ^ allmusic ((( Ahmad Jamal > Biography )))
- ^ Vrijman, L.C. Kaapvaart en zeeroverij / L.C. Vrijman. - Amsterdam, [1938]
- ^ PRO BASKETBALL; A Diet of Discipline - New York Times
- ^ Les Amis du Cheikh Ahmed al-Alawi - Content
- ^ [11]
- ^ A man’s domain or a woman’s realm? Articles | The Umbrella project
- ^ Qantara.de - The Muslim Hip Hop Scene in the USA - Rapping with Allah's Blessing
- ^ Yvette Labrousse, Begum Om Habibeh Elles et eux dans les années 50
- ^ Yusef Lateef - About Yusef
- ^ Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 edited by Philip Rees, (1991, ISBN 0-13-089301-3)
- ^ The Beast Reawakens by Martin A. Lee (1997, ISBN 0-316-51959-6)
- ^ Behind the Egyptian Sphinx: Nasser's strange bedfellows; prelude to World War III? by Irving Sedar and Harold J. Greenberg (Philadelphia, Chilton Co., 1960)
- ^ Integral in Iran: In Qom: Meeting with Conservative Clergy
- ^ U.S. Will Pay $2 Million to Lawyer Wrongly Jailed
- ^ MC Ren
- ^ GIANT STEP Artist - Ali Shaheed Muhammad
- ^ Salaam Knowledge
- ^ CNN.com - Muhammad a Gulf War vet, Islam convert - Jan. 26, 2004
- ^ Convicted sniper John Allen Muhammad gets six life terms in Maryland on CourtTV.com
- ^ The Politics of Anthony Mundine
- ^ Mosque works to better the community Oakland Tribune | Find Articles at BNET.com
- ^ Al Jazeera English - Archive - Plea To Free German Captive
- ^ The Case of the Dirty Bomber - TIME
- ^ Ohio man accused of joining al-Qaida, planning bomb plots in Europe
- ^ U.S. Man Accused of Plot to Bomb Resorts
- ^ "Islamic Britain lures top people". The Sunday Times. 2004-02-22.
- ^ Hip-Hop's Next Wave - TIME
- ^ SJ Magazine Articles your South Jersey source
- ^ Jack Roche: The naive militant
- ^ BBC NEWS Americas | 'Jackal' book praises Bin Laden
- ^ Conversion: Islam, the growing religion
- ^ conversion article by a Journalist, steven schwartz
- ^ Ill. man arrested for alleged bomb plot - Security - MSNBC.com
- ^ Sahib Shihab, MP3 Music Download at eMusic
- ^ Divine Styler: Spiral Walls Containing Autumns of Light Colorlines Magazine (March , 2007)
- ^ One Be Lo MP3 Downloads - One Be Lo Music Downloads - One Be Lo Music Videos - One Be Lo Pictures - MP3.com
- ^ Tvnz.co.nz
- ^ BBC News SPORT | Echoes of Ali in Tyson furore
- ^ Ebony interview with Mike Tyson - boxer - Interview Ebony | Find Articles at BNET.com
- ^ [12]
- ^ Shock Reverberates Among Acquaintances of the Young Suspects - New York Times
- ^ Pinverbod voor terrorist, the Dutch foreign minister bans convicted Hofstadgroep terrorists from any financial transactions, by Rien Meijer and Bart Mos, De Telegraaf, 20 April 2006 (Dutch)
- ^ [13]
- ^ MEMRI: Special Dispatch Series - No. 1112
- ^ Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly . PROFILE . Muslim Converts . October 8, 2004 PBS
- ^ Islam Online
- ^ UPS (17 May 1975) "Militant is Hanged in Trinidad After Long Fight for Clemency." New York Times.