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List of Ukrainian rulers

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This list encompasses all rulers and leaders of what is today Ukraine, from ancient to modern times. It includes only local rulers whose seat of power was located in the modern Ukraine and only the rulers whose power was derived directly from the people of the territory at the time, and does not include the governors who received their authority from some foreign powers (as during Lithuanian, Polish, Hungarian, Austrian, and Russian overlordship).

This is not a list of sovereigns. Throughout its history the territory of modern Ukraine had various forms of governance from monarchies to democratic republics.

Antiquity (c. 500 BC – 16 BC)

Scythian kings[1]

Main article: Scythia
Scythian king Skilurus, relief from Scythian Neapolis, Crimea, 2nd century BC

Scythia was a loose state that originated as early as 8th century BC. Little is known of them and their rulers. Most detailed description came down to us from Herodotus.

Kings of Cimmerian Bosporus

Main article: Kings of Cimmerian Bosporus
A silver coin depicting Mithradates VI of Pontus

The shores of Crimea were settled by Greeks since the 7th century BC. The kingdom was established around 480 BC. It was ruled by three consecutive dynasties: Archaeanactidae (480 BC – 438 BC), Spartocids (438 BC – 108 BC), and Pontids (108 BC – 16 BC). After Pontids the territory became a Roman client kingdom.

Pontids

Migration period (c. 200 – c. 800)

In Eastern Europe the The Great Migration Period kicked off with the descent of the Goths from the Baltic region into the territory of modern Ukraine, about AD 200. They either took over or assimilated with the local Slavic tribes. The Goths were in turn pushed out by aggressively encroaching Huns, about 375. The Goths went on to conquer Southern Europe and the Huns moved to the Balkans and created a Hunnic Empire which lasted for a hundred years. After splitting of the Empire, some of the Huns moved back north in the territories of modern Ukraine and formed Patria Onoguria, now known as Old Great Bulgaria. In the 7th century Onoguria largely defected to Khazaria – an expanding Turkic state centered in the North Caucuses which controlled the Eurasian steppe until the 9th century.

Gothic rulers

Main article: Chernyakhov culture

In 238, the Goths for the first time passed the Danube, and took to the Black Sea. The division of the Goths (Thervingi-Vesi and Greuthungi-Ostrogothi) is first attested in 291.

Tervingi

The Balti dynasty, Balth(e)s, Baltungs, or Balthings, existed among the Tervingi ("forest people"), called later the Visigothi. The names of the Drevlyans and the Gothic Tervingi in Ukraine have often been adduced as parallels to agac-ari ("forest men" in Turkic).

  • Nidad, reik ("ruler") (ca.218–249)
  • Ovida, son of Nidad, co-ruler (ca.249–273)
  • Cniva aka Kniwa ("knife"), brother of Ovida, co-ruler
  • Ilderic aka Hilderith, son of Ovida, co-ruler (ca.273–317)
  • Ariaric aka Ascaric, brother of Hilderith, co-ruler
  • Geberic aka Geberich, son of Hilderith, kindin ("king") (ca.317–350)
  • Athanaric aka Aþanareiks ("year-king"), pagan, Gunþi-reik ("battle prince") (365–381)
  • Fritigern aka Frithugairns ("desiring peace"), converted to Arianism, Gunþi-reik (369–382)

Greuthungi

The Amali dynasty, Amals, Amaler, or Amalings of the Greuthungi ("steppe dwellers" or "people of the pebbly coasts"), called later the Ostrogothi.

  • Amal (Amala), the Fortunate, born fl. 110 or ca. 123
  • Hisarna, (Isarna), the Iron One, born fl. 140 or ca. 153
  • Ostrogotha, the Patient, born fl. 170 or ca. 183, died ca. 250 in Ukraine
  • Hunuil ("Immune to Magic") aka Ginvila, born fl. 210 or ca. 213
  • Athal (Athala), the Noble One, born fl. 240 or ca. 243 in Ukraine
  • Achiulf (Agiulf), born fl. 270 or ca. 273 in Ukraine
  • Wultwulf (Vultuulf, Vulthulf, Vuldulf), born fl. 300 in Ukraine, died fl. 370, prince of the Goths
  • Ermanaric (Hermanaric, Ermanarich, Hermanarik), born ca. 303 in Ukraine, king of the Getae/Greutungi/Ostrogoths (335 or 350 – 375 or 376)
  • Winithar (Vinitharius), Conqueror of the Venedi-Slavs (Antes), born fl. 345 or ca. 353 in Ukraine, the last independent king of the Ostrogoths (376–380)
  • Hunimund ("Protege of the Huns"), the Beautiful, born ca. 326 in Ukraine, the first Hunnic vassal prince of the Ostrogoths (376-fl.405)

Hunnic rulers

Main article: Huns
  • Balambér aka Bülümer (Bulümar, Balamir), conqueror of the Ostrogoths (376–378)
  • Baltazár aka Alyp-bi, Khan of the Western Huns (378–390), buried on Kuyantau (current Kiev)
  • Uldin aka Ulduz, Khan of the Western Huns (390-ca.411)
  • Donatus, Khan of the Eastern Huns (ca.382–412)
  • Charaton aka Aksungur (Aksuvar), (ca.411-ca.422)
  • Octar aka Oktar (Uptar ?), (ca.425-ca.430)
  • Rugila aka Ruga (Rua, Roila), Yabgu (prince), then Khagan (432–434)
  • Mundzuk aka Aybat, Yabgu (390–434), Khagan (434)
  • Bleda, Khagan and ruler of Eastern Huns (Ak Bulgar) (434–445)
  • Attila the Hun, Yabgu of Western Huns (Kara Bulgar) (434–445), Khagan (445–453)
  • Ellac aka Ellak, Khagan and ruler of the Sabirs (453–454)
  • Dengizich aka Tengiz (Diggiz), ruler of the Akatziroi, (454–468)
  • Ernakh aka Bel-Kermek (Hernach), ruler of the Bulgars (455–465), and the Akatziroi (469–503)

Rulers of Patria Onoguria

Main article: Bulgars

According to Zakarius Rhetor and Priscus Rhetor, Patria Onoguria was a vulgar statelet in alliance with Byzantium established in 463 around Azov having been forced west upon the Akatziroi by the Sabirs who in turn were being attacked. Its 7th century period is commonly referred to as Old Great Bulgaria (~600–~690).

Khazar rulers

Main article: Khazars
Main article: Rus' Khaganate

Khazar Khaganate controlled much of what is today southern and eastern Ukraine until the 10th century.

Rulers of Kiev and Kievan Rus' (c. 375/800 – 1240/1362)

Main article: Grand Prince of Kiev
Main article: Kievan Rus'

Legendary and historical rulers of Kiev

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Bozh (Bož, Boz, Booz, Box), a king of Antes, the east Slavic people the 4th c. ? 376
Alyp-bi (Baltazár), the son of Balambér aka Bülümer, a khan of the Western Huns who was buried on Kuyantau mountain (current Kiev) the 4th c. 378 390
Kyi, a legendary founder of Kiev, a Slavic prince of Kuyavia, most likely eastern Polans the 5th–6th c. 482 ?
Oleg (Oldegar), probably of Danish or Swedish origin, an apocryphal Kiev voivode, under the overlordship of the Khazar Khaganate the 8th c. ? ?
Bravlin, probably of Swedish origin,[2] a Varangian voivode in the Rus' Khaganate the 8th–9th c. ca. 790 ca. 810
Askold (Höskuld) and Dir (Dyr),[3] probably of Swedish origin, Varangian konungs, not Rurikids, were rulers (khagans) of Kiev, not Kievan Rus' ? - 882 ca. 842[4] 882

Rurik Dynasty

The Rurikids were descendants of Rurik I, a Varangian pagan konung or chieftain, who was of Finno-Ugrian origin (haplogroup N1c1).[5]

All the rulers of Kievan Rus' before the conversion of Vladimir I and all the country to Christianity are Pagan rulers, except Olga of Kiev.

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Rurik I, founder of the dynasty. ca.830-879 864 879
Oleg the Seer (Helgi)[6], Varangian konung of Holmgård (Novgorod) and Kønugård (Kiev) ?-912 882 912
Igor I (Ingvar), the son of Rurik I ?-945 912 945
St.Olga (Helga) (regent), was baptized by Emperor Constantine VII but failed to bring Christianity to Kiev ?-969 945 962
Sviatoslav I (Sven)[7], the first true ruler of Rus' who destroyed the Khazar Khaganate and united all of the Rus' principalities under the Kiev throne 942–972 962 972
Yaropolk I (Jaropolk)[8], supposedly was baptised into Catholicism, and then was murdered by two Varangians 958 (960?)-980 972 980
Vladimir I the Great (Valdamarr), son of Sviatoslav I and Malusha, his early rule is characterized by a staunch pagan reaction but in 988 he was baptized into Orthodoxy and successfully converted Kievan Rus' to Christianity 958-1015 980 1015
Sviatopolk I the Accursed (Sventopluk),[9] son of Yaropolk I and a Greek nun 980-1019 1015 1019
Yaroslav I the Wise (Jarizleifr), son of Vladimir the Great (Valdamarr) and Rogneda of Polotsk (Ragnhild), Prince of Rostov, Prince of Novgorod, and Grand Prince of Kiev; during his reign Kievan Rus' reached the pinnacle of its power 978-1054 1019 1054
Iziaslav I of Kiev, son of Yaroslav and Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden, first time 1024–1078 1054 1068
Vseslav I of Polotsk, son of Bryachislav of Polotsk and unknown mother, a brief ruler during Iziaslav's official reign 1039–1101 1068 1069
Iziaslav I of Kiev, second time 1024–1078 1069 1073
Sviatoslav II of Kiev (on picture, first from right), son of Yaroslav and Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden 1027–1076 1073 1076
Iziaslav I of Kiev, third time, first King of Rus' (Pope Gregory VII sent him a crown from Rome in 1075) 1024–1078 1076 1078
Vsevolod I of Kiev, son of Yaroslav and Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden 1030–1093 1078 1093
Sviatopolk II of Kiev, son of Iziaslav I and Gertrude of Poland 1050–1113 1093 1113
Vladimir II Monomakh, son of Vsevolod I and Anastasia of Byzantium, he is considered to be the last ruler of the united Kievan Rus' 1053–1125 1113 1125
Mstislav I the Great, known as Harald in the Norse Sagas, son of Vladimir II and Gytha of Wessex, after his reign Kievan Rus' fell into recession starting a rapid decline 1076–1132 1125 1132

Decline of Kievan Rus'

Main article: List of early East Slavic states

After the Council of Liubech in 1097 Kievan Rus' entered a feudal period and was divided into principalities ruled by the Rurikid family princes who were in a constant power struggle with each other. Major principalities were: Galicia-Volhynia, Kiev, Chernigiv, and Pereyaslavl. In the period of 1240–1362, the three latter ones were forced to accept the Golden Horde overlordship.


Grand Prince of Kiev
Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Yaropolk II , brother of Mstislav I. 1082-1139 1132 1139
Viacheslav I, brother of Yaropolk II and Mstislav II. First time. 1083-1154 1139 1139
Vsevolod II, married Maria, sister of Mstislav I, Yaropolk II and Viacheslav I. ?-1146 1139 1146
Igor II, brother of Vsevolod II. ?-1147 1146 1146
Iziaslav II, son of Mstislav I and Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden. First time 1097–1154 1146 1149
Yuri I Dolgorukiy, first time 1099-1157 1149 1151
Viacheslav I, Second time, jointly with Iziaslav II 1083-1154 1151 1154
Iziaslav II, second time, jointly with Viacheslav I. 1097–1154 1151 1154
Rostislav I, brother of Iziaslav II. First time 1110–1167 1154 1154
Iziaslav III, grandson of Sviatoslav II. First time. ?–1162 1154 1155
Yuri I Dolgorukiy, second time. 1099-1157 1155 1157
Iziaslav III, second time. ?–1162 1157 1158
Rostislav I, second time. Jointly with Iziaslav III in 1162. 1110–1167 1158 1167
Iziaslav III, third time, jointly with Rostislav I. ?–1162 1162 1162
Mstislav II, son of Iziaslav II and Agnes of Germany. First time. ?–1172 1167 1169
Gleb, son of Yuri Dolgorukiy. First time. ?-1171 1169 1169
Mstislav II, second time. ?–1172 1170 1170
Gleb, second time. ?-1171 1170 1171
Vladimir III, son of Mstislav I the Great and Liubava Dmitrievna. 1132-1173 1171 1171
Michael I, half-brother of Gleb. ?-1176 1171 1171
Roman I, son of Rostislav I and Agnes of Swabia. First time. ?-1180 1171 1173
Vsevolod III the Big Nest, brother of Michael I. 1154-1212 1173 1173
Rurik II, brother of Roman I. First time. ?-1215 1173 1173
Sviatoslav III, son of Vsevolod II. First time. ?-1194 1174 1174
Yaroslav II, son of Iziaslav II. First time. ?-1180 1174 1175
Roman I, second time. ?-1180 1175 1177
Sviatoslav III, second time. ?-1194 1177 1180
Yaroslav II, second time. ?-1180 1180 1180
Rurik II, second time. ?-1215 1180 1182
Sviatoslav III, third time. ?-1194 1182 1194
Rurik II, third time. ?-1215 1194 1202
Igor III, son of Yaroslav II. First time. ?-? 1202 1202
Rurik II, fourth time, jointly with Roman II and Rostislav II (until 1205). ?-1215 1203 1205
Roman II the Great, son of Mstislav II. In his first time ruled jointly with Rurik II and Rostislav II (until 1205). 1160-1205 1203 1205
Rostislav II, son of Rurik II. Ruled jointly with his father 1204-1206 and with Roman II 1204-1205. 1173-1214 1204 1206
Rurik II, fifth time, jointly with his son Rostislav II. ?-1215 1206 1206
Vsevolod IV the Red, son of Sviatoslav III. His baptismal name was "Daniil" (Daniel). First time. ?-1212 1206 1207
Rurik II, sixth and last time. ?-1215 1207 1210
Vsevolod IV the Red, second time. ?-1212 1210 1212
Igor III, second time. ?-? 1212 1214
Mstislav III, son of Roman I. ?-1223 1214 1223
Vladimir IV, brother of Rostislav II. 1187-1239 1223 1235
Iziaslav IV, a member of Rurik dynasty, descendant of Rurik I. 1186-? 1235 1236
Yaroslav III, son of Vsevolod the Big Nest. First time 1191-1246 1236 1238
Michael II, son of Vsevolod IV. First time. 1185-1246 1238 1239
Rostislav III, son of Michael II. 1210-1262 1239 1239
File:Daniil-halitsky.jpg Daniel, son of Roman II the Great. 1201-1264 1239 1240
Michael II, second time. 1185-1246 1241 1246
Yaroslav III, second time 1191-1246 1246 1246
File:Velikij.Knjaz.Aleksandr.Nevskij.jpg St. Alexander Nevsky, son of Yaroslav III. 1220-1263 1246 1263
Yaroslav IV, brother of Alexander. 1230-1271 1263 1271
Lev, son of Daniel. 1228-1301 1271 1301
Volodymyr-Ivan Ivanovich ?-? 1301 ?
Stanislav Ivanovich 1228-1301 ? 1321


Princes of Pereyaslavl
  • Vsevolod I of Kiev, 1054–1076
  • Rostislav Vsevolodich, d. 1093
  • Vladimir II Monomakh, 1076–1078 (first time)
  • Rostislav Vsevolodich, 1078–1093
  • Vladimir II Monomakh, 1094–1113 (second time)
  • Sviatoslav Vladimirovich, d. 1114
  • Yaropolk II of Kiev, 1114–1132
  • Vsevolod Mstislavich, 1132 (first time)
  • Iziaslav Mstislavich, 1132 (first time)
  • Vyacheslav Vladimirovich, 1132–1134 (first time)
  • Vsevolod Mstislavich, 1134 (second time)
  • Iziaslav Mstislavich, 1134 (second time)
  • Andrey Vladimirovich, 1135–1141
  • Vyacheslav Vladimirovich, 1142 (second time)
  • Iziaslav II of Kiev, 1143–1145
  • Mstislav Izyaslavich, 1146–1149 (first time)
  • Rostislav Yurevich, 1149–1151
  • Mstislav Izyaslavich, 1151–1155 (second time)
  • Gleb of Kiev, 1155–1169
  • Vladimir Glebovich, 1169–1187
  • Yaroslav Mstislavich, ?-?
  • Vsevolod the Big Nest, ?-1206
  • Vsevolod Chermnyi Svyatoslavich, 1206
  • Rurik Rostislavich, 1206
  • Vladimir IV Rurikovich, 1206–1213
Princes of Chernihiv

Kings and Princes of Galicia-Volhynia (1199–1349)

Main article: List of rulers of Galicia and Volhynia

Galicia-Volhynia was a Ruthenian (Ukrainian) state in Galicia and Volhynia. Depending on the title of the ruler it was called either principality or kingdom. The first king, Coloman of Galicia-Lodomeria, was crowned in 1215, although the first nominal king of Galicia was Andrew II of Hungary, the son of Béla III of Hungary, who reigned from 1188 to 1190.

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Roman II the Great, Prince of Novgorod (1168–1170), Prince of Volhynia (1170–1188, 1189–1205), Prince of Halych (1188, 1199–1205), and Grand Prince of Kiev (1204–1205) fl.1160–1205 1199 1205
Coloman of Galicia-Lodomeria, Hungarian prince Kálmán, Prince of Halych (1214–15), became the first anointed and crowned and King of Galicia-Volhynia (rex Galiciae et Lodomeriae) in 1215 1208–1241 1214 1219
File:Daniil-halitsky.jpg Daniel I of Galicia, held many titles since early childhood culminating with the crowning by a papal legate, archbishop Opizo, in Dorohychyn in 1253, King of Rus', Grand Prince of Kiev 1201–1264 1205 1264
Lev I, King of Rus', Prince of Belz (1245–1264), Prince of Peremyshl and Halych (1264–1269) who moved the capital of Galicia from Kholm to Lviv in 1272, Grand Prince of Kiev (1271-1301) 1228–1301 1293 1301
Yuri I, King of Rus', Prince of Belz (1264–1301) fl.1252–1308 1301 1308
Andrew II and Lev II, Kings of Rus', princes, joint rule, the last members of the Rurikid dynasty to rule Ukraine ?–1323 1308 1323
Yuri II-Boleslaw, King of Rus', prince, a member of the Piast dynasty (Polish noble family) 1308–1340 1323 1340
Liubartas, prince, a member of the Gediminid dynasty, the last Ruthenian-Lithuanian ruler of Galicia-Volhynia, Prince of Volhynia (1323–1384) ca.1300–1384 1340 1349

In 1349, Liubartas lost all territories, except for eastern Volhynia, to Casimir III of Poland. In 1366, a Polish-Lithuanian treaty was signed: eastern Volhynia with Lutsk retained under Liubartas' rule (the Grand Duchy of Lithuania), while Galicia, western Volhynia, and western Podolia were annexed by the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.

In the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1362–1569) and Kingdom of Poland (1569–1667/1793)

Princes of Kiev

In early 1320s, a Lithuanian army led by Gediminas defeated a Slavic army led by Stanislav of Kiev at the Battle on the Irpen' River, and conquered the city. The Tatars, who also claimed Kiev, retaliated in 1324–1325, so while Kiev was ruled by a Lithuanian prince, it had to pay a tribute to the Golden Horde. Finally, as a result of the Battle of Blue Waters in 1362, Kiev and surrounding areas were incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.

Kostiantyn Vasyl Ostrozky

Voivodes of Kiev

Main article: Kiev Voivodeship

When the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was formed by the Union of Lublin in 1569, Kiev and surrounding areas, Podolia, Volhynia, and Podlaskie, as the Kiev Voivodeship, Bratslav Voivodeship, Volhynian Voivodeship, and Podlaskie Voivodeship, were transferred from Lithuania to Poland.

Crimean khans (1441–1783)

Main article: List of Crimean khans

Crimean Tatars were not of the Ukrainian ethnos. Their Crimean Khanate ruled a large part of modern Ukraine, with a capital at Bakhchisaray.

Meñli I Giray (centre) with the eldest son, future khan Mehmed I Giray (left) and Turkish sultan Bayezid II (right)
File:Islam I Giray.gif
İslâm III. Giray

† The reigns of Canibek Giray in 1624 and of Maqsud Giray in 1771–1772 are not listed. Though these khans were formally appointed by Ottoman sultans they did not reach the throne and did not rule Crimea. In the years mentioned, the authority in the Crimean Khanate was exercised by Mehmed III Giray and Sahib II Giray correspondingly.

The nominal khans Şahbaz Giray (1787–1789) and Baht Giray (1789–1792) mentioned in some works are not listed in this table as they did not rule the Crimean Khanate annexed by Russian Empire in 1783.

Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks (1506–1775)

Main article: Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks

A Hetman was a military and civil leader, democratically elected by the Cossacks.

Hetmans and commanders of Ukrainian Cossacks

Several Cossack regiments were operating in Ukraine at this time that were largely independent of each other, so some of the Hetmans' tenures overlap.

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Przecław Lanckoroński, was a member of the Zadora Polish szlachta family and starosta of Khmilnyk ?-1531 1506 1512
File:Dashkevych.png Ataman Ostap Dashkevych, was a commander of the Cossacks, sometimes referred to as Hetman 1495–1535 1506 1535
Dmytro Vyshnevetsky, the first to be officially and casually referred to as Cossack Hetman ?-1553 1550 1553
Ivan Svirgovsky ? 1567 1574
Ivan Pidkova, the first Hetman to be elected by the entire Sich, thus establishing the first direct democratic rule in modern Europe[citation needed] ?-1578 1577 1578
Ivan Orishevsky ? 1579 1591
Bogdan Mikoshinsky ? 1586 1594
Kryshtof Kosynsky 1545–1593 1591 1593
Hryhory Loboda ?-1596 1593 1596
Severyn Nalyvaiko ?-1597 1596 1596
File:Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachnyi (19th century portrait).jpg Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny 1570–1622 1614 1622
Mykhailo Doroshenko ?–1628 1623 1628
Hryhoriy Chorny, elected by Registered Cossacks ?-1630 1628 1630
Taras Fedorovych, elected by unregistered Cossacks ?-1636 1629 1630
Ivan Sulyma ?–1635 1630 1635
Dmytro Hunia ? 1638 1638

Hetmans of the Cossack state

Following the Khmelnytsky uprising a new Cossack republic, the Hetmanate, was formed.

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the first sole ruler of the Ukrainian Cossack state who adopted the title of Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host 1595—1657 1648 1657
Ivan Bohun, was the Acting Hetman during the Battle of Berestechko ?-1664 June 1651 June 1651
Ivan Vyhovsky, second Hetman of the Cossack Hetmanate, co-author of the Treaty of Hadiach signed in 1658, Voivode of Kiev (1660–1664) ?-1664 21 October 1657 17 October 1659
Yurii Khmelnytsky, third Hetman of the Cossack Hetmanate who adopted the title of Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host and Prince of Sarmatia 1641–1685 17 October 1659 1663

Hetmans during the Ruin

The Ruin (1660–1687) was a time in Ukrainian history when the country fell into disarray and chaos. Afterwards, the Cossack state emerged as a vassal of the Russian Empire. During this period a number of hetmans stayed in power for short periods of time and often controlled only parts of the country. Moreover the Treaty of Andrusovo (1667) split the Cossack Hetmanate along the Dnieper River into Left-bank Ukraine, which enjoyed a degree of autonomy within the Tsardom of Russia; and Right-bank Ukraine which remained part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, at times (1672–1699) occupied by the Ottoman Empire.

Hetmans of Right-bank Ukraine

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Pavlo Teteria, succeeded Yurii Khmelnytsky as the first ruler of Right-bank Ukraine ? – 1670 1663 1665
Petro Doroshenko, united Cossack state for a short period of time until accepting Ottoman suzerainty 1627 – 19 November 1698 10 October 1665 19 September 1676
Mykhailo Khanenko, proclaimed Hetman (1669) and nominated by the Polish authorities (1670) ca. 1620–1680 1669 1674
Yurii Khmelnytsky, nominated by the Ottomans in 1678, and re-instaled by the Poles in 1683 1641–1685 1678
1683		 1681
1683
Stepan Kunytsky, nominated by the Polish authorities ca. 1640–1684 1683 1684
Andriy Mohyla, nominated by the Polish authorities ? – 1689 1684 1689
Samuel Samus, the Acting Hetman of the Right-bank Ukraine ca. 1688 – ca. 1713 1692 1704

Hetmans of Left-bank Ukraine

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Yakym Somko, the Acting Hetman of the Left-bank Ukraine ?—28 September 1664 1660 1663
Ivan Briukhovetsky, was a pro-Russian hetman of Left-bank Ukraine ?- 1668 1663 1668
Petro Doroshenko 1627 – 19 November 1698 9 June 1668 1669
Demian Mnohohrishny, 1630–1701 1669 1672
File:Ivan Samoylovych.png Ivan Samoylovych 1630–1690 1672 1687

Hetmans after the Ruin and reunification of Ukraine (1687–1764/75)

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Ivan Mazepa, the hetman who openly fought agains the Russian occupation 1639–1709 1687 1709
Pylyp Orlyk, a very brief successor of Mazepa, an author of Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk, and the only hetman in exile 1672–1742 1709
1710 in exile		 1709
1742 in exile
File:Ivan Skoropadskij.jpg Ivan Skoropadsky, pro-Russian Cossack colonel who refused to join Ivan Mazepa in 1708 1646–1722 11 November 1708 14 July 1722
Pavlo Polubotok, served as the Acting Hetman 1660?–1724 1722 1724
File:Danylo Apostol.jpg Danylo Apostol 1654–1734 1727 1734
Kirill Razumovsky, after his rule the territory of Ukraine came under the direct governance of the Russian Empire 1728–1803 1750 1764
Petro Kalnyshevsky, the last Koshovyi Otaman of the Zaporozhian Cossacks 1691–1803 1765 1775

In the Russian Empire (1667/1793–1917) and Austria-Hungary (1526/1772–1918)

After the dissolution of the Cossack Hetmanate, a new Malorossiyan collegium was established in 1764, and the Zaporozhian Host was disbanded in 1775. As a result of the second and third Partitions of Poland in 1793 and 1795, eastern and central parts of Ukraine were incorporated directly into the Russian Empire. Western Ukraine was annexed into the Habsburg Monarchy earlier, in the following order: Carpathian Ruthenia (1526), Galicia (1772), and Bukovina (1775).

The Russian Empire existed until 1917, and the Dual Monarchy, Austria–Hungary, existed until 1918.

Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1921)

Main article: List of national leaders of Ukraine

The Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR, 1917–1921) was formed after the Russian Revolution of 1917, and lasted until the Peace of Riga between Poland and Soviet Russia in March 1921. The leadership title varied and, despite a rather widespread misconception, none of them had the official title of president.

Chairmen of the Central Council

The Central Council (Tsentral’na rada) was the representative body governing the UNR.

Portrait Name Born-Died In Office From In Office Until
Mykhailo Hrushevskyi 1866–1934 27 March 1917 29 April 1918

Hetman of the Ukrainian State

A very short lived Hetmanate was established by Pavlo Skoropadskyi in 1918.

Portrait Name Born-Died In Office From In Office Until
Pavlo Skoropadskyi 1873–1945 29 April 1918 14 December 1918

Chairmen of the Directory

The Directorate of Ukraine was a provisional council of the UNR formed after Skoropadskyi's Hetmanate fell apart. On 22 January 1919, the Act of Unification of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian People's Republic was passed. The text of the universal was made by the members of the Directory.

Portrait Name Born-Died In Office From In Office Until
Volodymyr Vynnychenko 1880–1951 14 December 1918 11 February 1919
File:Symon petlura.jpg Symon Petliura 1879–1926 11 February 1919 7 May 1921

West Ukrainian People's Republic (1918–1919)

The government of the West Ukrainian People's Republic (WUNR) was proclaimed on 19 October 1918. WUNR was united with the Ukrainian People's Republic on 22 January 1919, although it was mostly a symbolic act while the western Ukrainians retained their own Ukrainian Galician Army and government structure. After the Polish-Ukrainian War (1918–1919), Poland took over most of territory of the West Ukrainian People's Republic by July 1919. Since November 1919, the government of the WUNR was in exile.

President of the Ukrainian National Republic

Portrait Name Born-Died In Office From In Office Until
Yevhen Petrushevych 1863–1940 19 October 1918 15 March 1923

Carpatho-Ukraine (1939)

President of the Carpatho-Ukraine

Portrait Name Born-Died In Office From In Office Until
Avgustyn Voloshyn 1874–1945 15 March 1939 16 March 1939

Ukrainian State (1941)

Prime Minister of the Ukrainian State

Portrait Name Born-Died In Office From In Office Until
Yaroslav Stetsko 1912–1986 30 June 1941 9 July 1941

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1918/1921–1991)

Ukraine was incorporated into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on 30 December 1922.

Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine

Mykola Skrypnyk

First Secretary of the Central Committee

Executive Secretary of the Central Committee

First Secretaries of the Communist Party

General Secretaries of the Central Committee

First Secretaries of the Central Committee

Nikita Khrushchev

Ukraine (1991 – present)

On 5 July 1991, the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR passed a law establishing the post of the President of the Ukrainian SSR. The title was changed to the President of Ukraine upon the proclamation of independence (24 August 1991). The first election of the President of Ukraine was held on 1 December 1991.

Presidents

# President Elected Took office Left office Party
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"| 1 Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk 1991 5 December 1991
Inauguration: 22 August 1992[c] 		19 July 1994 Non-partisan
rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"| 2 Leonid Danylovych Kuchma 1994 19 July 1994 14 November 1999 Independent / Non-partisan
1999 14 November 1999 23 January 2005
style="background:Template:Our Ukraine/meta/color;"| 3 Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko 2004 23 January 2005 25 February 2010 People's Union "Our Ukraine"
style="background:Template:Party of Regions/meta/color; color:white"| 4 File:Viktor Yanukovych portrait.jpg Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych 2010 25 February 2010 Incumbent Non-partisan[17]
(Supported by Party of Regions)

See also

References

  1. ^ uk:Скіфські царі
  2. ^ Staraya Ladoga (Aldeigjuborg)
  3. ^ Nordiska furstar lade grunden till Ryssland
  4. ^ Suszko, Henryk (2003). Latopis hustyński. Opracowanie, przekład i komentarze. Slavica Wratislaviensia CXXIV. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego. ISBN 83-229-2412-7; Tolochko, Oleksiy (2010). The Hustyn' Chronicle. (Harvard Library of Early Ukrainian Literature: Texts). ISBN 978-1-932650-03-7
  5. ^ DNA Testing of the Rurikid and Gediminid Princes
  6. ^ Sveerne
  7. ^ Leszek Moczulski, Narodziny Międzymorza, p.475, Bellona SA, Warszawa 2007, ISBN 978-83-11-10826-4
  8. ^ Ярополк is modern Ukrainian, Jaropełk is Polish, Jaropluk is Czech, Jaropelkas is Lithuanian, Iaropelkos is Greek, Jaropolk is German and Swedish.
  9. ^ The Old Slavonic is Свѧтопълкъ in the Cyrillic alphabet, the modern Ukrainian is Святополк, Polish is Świętopełk, Czech is Svatopluk, and Slovak is Svätopluk. Reconstructed, his name is Sventopluk. More commonly, his name is given in its Latin and Frankish equivalents: Suentopolcus, Suatopluk, Zventopluk, Zwentibald, Zwentibold, Zuentibold, or Zuentibald.
  10. ^ http://izbornyk.org.ua/dynasty/dyn40.htm
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Dimnik, Martin. The Dynasty of Chernigov – 1146–1246.
  12. ^ Other source suggests that Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich ruled from 1181 ([1], retrieved on 13 April 2009), but his brother Sviatoslav Vsevolodovich became grand prince of Kiev in 1176 and promoted him to Chernigov; Dimnik, Martin op. cit. p 137.
  13. ^ a b A number of historians claim Igor Svyatoslavich died in 1202 ([2], retrieved on 13 April 2009); he most probably died in the spring of 1201, because most chronicles place the news of his death as the first entry for the year; Dimnik, Martin op. cit p. 237.
  14. ^ a b Some historians claim Gleb Svyatoslavich died in 1219 ([3], retrieved on 13 April 2009); he was last mentioned under 1215 and he died between 1215 and 1220; Dimnik, Martin op. cit p. 291.
  15. ^ Under the year 1261, the chronicles report that prince Vasilko Romanovich of Volodymyr-Volynskyi gave away his daughter Olga as wife to Andrey Vsevolodovich of Chernigov. Based on this report, some historians claim that Andrey Vsevolodovich was the prince of Chernigov between 1245 and 1261 ([4], retrieved on 13 April 2009). However, the chronicler's identification of Andrey as a prince of Chernigov merely signified that he was an Olgovich (a member of the dynasty of Chernigov); Dimnik, Martin op. cit p. 380.
  16. ^ The Lyubetskiy sinodik speaks of a certain "Lavrenty Vsevolod Yaropolchi"; R. V. Zotov suggests that Vsevolod succeeded Mikhail Vsevolodovich to Chernigov from 1246 to 1263(see also: [5], retrieved on 13 April 2009); the chronicles, however, do not support Zotov's assertions; Dimnik, Martin op. cit p. 380.
  17. ^ Янукович припинив членство у Партії регіонів : Новини УНIАН

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