July 13
July 13th is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining.
Events
- 1558 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines.
- 1643 - English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down - In England, Lord Henry Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, wins a crushing victory over the Parliamentarian Sir William Waller.
- 1787 - The United States Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.
- 1793 - Jean Paul Marat, one of the leaders of the French revolution, is murdered by Charlotte Corday.
- 1794 - Battle of the Vosges between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria
- 1822 - Greek War of Independence: Greeks defeat Ottoman forces at Thermopylae.
- 1837 - Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom moves into the first Buckingham Palace in London and is the first British monarch to live there.
- 1863 - American Civil War: In New York City, draft opponents begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
- 1854 - In the battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General Jose Maria Yanez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset Boulbon.
- 1878 - Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia and Montenegro become completely independent of the Ottoman empire.
- 1900 - Boxer Rebellion: In China, Tientsin is retaken by European Allies from the rebelling Boxers.
- 1908 - Women compete in modern Olympics for the first time.
- 1909 - Gold discovered near Cochrane, Ontario.
- 1919 - The British airship R-34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
- 1930 - The first FIFA World Cup begins in Uruguay.
- 1942 - World War II: German U-Boats sink three more merchant ships in Gulf of St. Lawrence.
- 1973 - Alexander Butterfield revealed the existance of the Nixon tapes to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break in
- 1977 - The New York City Blackout of 1977 lasts for 25 hours and results in looting and other disorder.
- 1978 - Ford Motor Company President Lee Iacocca is fired by chairman Henry Ford II, ending a long dispute between the men.
- 1982 - Montreal hosts the first baseball All-Star Game outside the United States.
- 1985 - The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London and Philadelphia, as well as other venues such as Sydney and Moscow.
- 1996 - A Garuda Indonesia Airways DC-10 crashes on take-off from Fukuoka Airport, Japan, killing 3 passengers.
- 2002 - A lighting strike sets off the Sour Biscuit Fire in Oregon and northern California, which had burned 499,570 acres (2,020 km²) when finally contained on September 5.
Births
- 100 BC - Julius Caesar (or July 12), statesman and military leader (d. 44 BC)
- 40 - Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman governor of Britain
- 1527 - John Dee, scientific advisor to Elizabeth I
- 1590 - Pope Clement X (d. 1676)
- 1816 - Gustav Freitag, writer (d. 1895)
- 1821 - Nathan Bedford Forrest, Confederate general and postwar leader of the Ku Klux Klan.
- 1841 - Otto Wagner, architect (d. 1918)
- 1864 - John Jacob Astor IV, entrepreneur (d. 1912)
- 1894 - Isaac Babel, writer (d. 1940)
- 1900 - George Lewis, jazz musician (d. 1969)
- 1913 - Dave Garroway, television host) (d. 1982)
- 1918 - Alberto Ascari, motor racing driver (d. 1955)
- 1927 - Simone Veil, politician
- 1928 - Bob Crane, actor, (d. 1978)
- 1928 - Mace Neufeld, film producer
- 1933 - David Malcolm Storey, writer
- 1934 - Wole Soyinka, writer
- 1934 - Aleksei Yeliseyev, cosmonaut
- 1935 - Jack Kemp, American politician and former footballer
- 1940 - Patrick Stewart, actor (Star Trek: The Next Generation, X-Men)
- 1941 - Robert Forster, actor
- 1942 - Harrison Ford, actor (Star Wars, Raiders of the Lost Ark)
- 1942 - Roger McGuinn, musician
- 1944 - Ernő Rubik, inventor of Rubik's Cube
- 1946 - Cheech Marin, actor, comedian
- 1953 - Johnny Clegg, composer, musician
- 1957 - Cameron Crowe, film director, writer
- 1962 - Rhonda Vincent, bluegrass singer
- 1963 - Neal Foulds, English snooker player
- 1970 - Barry Pinches, English snooker player
- 2305 - Jean-Luc Picard, Starfleet captain
Deaths
- 939 - Pope Leo VII
- 1705 - Titus Oates, Protestant plotter
- 1793 - Jean Paul Marat, French revolutionary (murdered by Charlotte Corday) (b. 1743)
- 1896 - Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, organic chemist
- 1946 - Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer
- 1951 - Arnold Schoenberg, composer
- 1954 - Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter
- 1967 - Tom Simpson, professional cyclist
- 1983 - Gabrielle Roy, author
- 1993 - Davey Allison, NASCAR driver
- 2003 - Compay Segundo, Cuban folk musicician
- 2004 - Arthur Kane, New York Dolls bassist
Holidays and observances
- Kiribati - Independence Day, 2nd day (not a holiday)
- Mongolia - Naadam Holiday, 3rd day
- Bahá'í Faith - Feast of Kálimát (Words) - First day of the seventh month of the Bahá'í Calendar
- Bon_Festival - Buddhist festival to honor the dead (East Japan)
July 12 - July 14 - June 13 - August 13 - more listing of all days