List of first ladies of the United States
First Lady of the United States of America | |
---|---|
since January 20, 2017 | |
Style | Mrs. Trump (informal) Madam First Lady (formal) |
Residence | White House |
Inaugural holder | Martha Washington |
Website | First Ladies |
The first lady of the United States is the hostess of the White House. The position is traditionally filled by the wife of the president of the United States, but, on occasion, the title has been applied to women who were not presidents’ wives, such as when the president was a bachelor or widower, or when the wife of the president was unable to fulfill the duties of the first lady herself. The first lady is not an elected position; it carries no official duties and receives no salary. Nonetheless, she attends many official ceremonies and functions of state either along with or in place of the president. Traditionally, the first lady does not hold outside employment while occupying the office,[1] although Eleanor Roosevelt earned money writing and giving lectures, but gave most of it to charity.[2] She has her own staff, including the White House social secretary, the chief of staff, the press secretary, the chief floral designer, and the executive chef. The Office of the First Lady is also in charge of all social and ceremonial events of the White House, and is a branch of the Executive Office of the President.
There have been total of fifty-three first ladies including forty-two official and eleven acting, within forty-five first ladyships. This discrepancy exists because some presidents had multiple first ladies. Following Donald Trump's inauguration on January 20, 2017, his wife, Melania Trump, became the 42nd official first lady, succeeding Michelle Obama, wife of former president Barack Obama.
There are four living former first ladies: Rosalynn Carter, married to Jimmy Carter; Hillary Clinton, married to Bill Clinton; Laura Bush, married to George W. Bush, and Michelle Obama, married to Barack Obama. The first first lady was Martha Washington, married to George Washington. Presidents John Tyler and Woodrow Wilson had two official first ladies; both remarried during their presidential tenures. The wives of four presidents died before their husbands were sworn into office but are still considered first ladies by the White House and National First Ladies' Library: Martha Wayles Skelton, married to Thomas Jefferson;[3][4] Rachel Jackson, married to Andrew Jackson;[5][6] Hannah Van Buren, married to Martin Van Buren;[7][8] and Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur, married to Chester A. Arthur.[9][10] One woman who was not married to a president is still considered an official first lady: Harriet Lane, niece of bachelor James Buchanan. The other non-spousal relatives who served as White House hostesses are not recognized by the First Ladies' Library.
In 2007, the United States Mint began releasing a set of half-ounce $10 gold coins under the First Spouse Program with engravings of portraits of the first ladies on the obverse.[11] When a president served without a spouse, a gold coin was issued that bears an obverse image emblematic of Liberty as depicted on a circulating coin of that era and a reverse image emblematic of themes of that president's life. This is true for the coins for Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and James Buchanan's first ladies, but not the coin for Chester A. Arthur's first lady, which instead depicts suffragette Alice Paul.[12]
List of first ladies of the United States
This list included all persons who served as first ladies, regardless of whether they were married to the incumbent president or not, as well as persons who are considered to have acted as first lady by the official White House website and the White House Historical Association.
POTUS No. |
Portrait | First Lady (Maiden name) |
Tenure | Age at tenure start | President (Husband, unless noted) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Martha Dandridge June 13, 1731 – May 22, 1802 (aged 70) [13][14] |
April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797 |
57 years, 321 days | Washington m. January 6, 1759 | |
2 | Abigail Smith November 22, 1744 – October 28, 1818 (aged 73) [15][16] |
March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801 |
52 years, 102 days | J. Adams m. October 25, 1764 | |
3 | Martha Jefferson September 27, 1772 – October 10, 1836 (aged 64) [3][4] |
March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1809 |
28 years, 158 days | Jefferson Daughter [17] | |
4 | Dolley Payne May 20, 1768 – July 12, 1849 (aged 81) [18][19] |
March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817 |
40 years, 288 days | Madison m. September 14, 1794 | |
5 | Elizabeth Kortright June 30, 1768 – September 23, 1830 (aged 62) [20][21] |
March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825 |
48 years, 247 days | Monroe m. February 16, 1786 | |
6 | Louisa Catherine Johnson Birth country: Great Britain February 12, 1775 – May 15, 1852 (aged 77) [22][23] |
March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829 |
50 years, 20 days | J. Q. Adams m. July 26, 1797 | |
7 | Emily Donelson
June 1, 1807 – December 19, 1836 |
March 4, 1829 – November 26, 1834 |
21 years, 276 days | Jackson Niece | |
Sarah Yorke
July 16, 1803 – August 23, 1887 |
November 26, 1834 – March 4, 1837 |
31 years, 133 days | Jackson Daughter-in-law | ||
8 | Vacant | March 4, 1837 – November 27, 1838 |
Vacant | Van Buren Widower | |
Sarah Angelica Singleton February 13, 1818 – December 29, 1877 (aged 59) [7][8] |
November 27, 1838 – March 4, 1841 |
20 years, 287 days | Van Buren Daughter-in-law | ||
9 | Anna Tuthill Symmes July 25, 1775 – February 25, 1864 (aged 88) [26][27] |
March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841 |
65 years, 222 days | W. H. Harrison m. November 22, 1795 | |
Jane Irwin July 23, 1804 – May 11, 1846 (aged 41) [27] |
March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841 |
36 years, 224 days | W. H. Harrison Daughter-in-law | ||
10 | Letitia Christian November 12, 1790 – September 10, 1842 (aged 51) [28][29] |
April 4, 1841 – September 10, 1842 † |
50 years, 143 days | Tyler m. March 29, 1813 | |
Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper June 14, 1816 – December 29, 1889 (aged 73) [30] |
September 10, 1842 – June 26, 1844 |
26 years, 88 days | Tyler Daughter-in-law | ||
Julia Gardiner May 4, 1820 – July 10, 1889 (aged 69) [31][32] |
June 26, 1844 – March 4, 1845 |
24 years, 53 days | Tyler m. June 26, 1844 President Tyler remarried during term | ||
11 | Sarah Childress September 4, 1803 – August 14, 1891 (aged 87) [33][34] |
March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849 |
41 years, 181 days | Polk m. January 1, 1824 | |
12 | Margaret Mackall Smith September 21, 1788 – August 14, 1852 (aged 63) [35][36] |
March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850 |
60 years, 164 days | Taylor m. June 21, 1810 | |
13 | Abigail Powers March 13, 1798 – March 30, 1853 (aged 55) [37][38] |
July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853 |
52 years, 118 days | Fillmore m. February 5, 1826 | |
14 | Jane Means Appleton March 12, 1806 – December 2, 1863 (aged 57) [39][40] |
March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857 |
46 years, 357 days | Pierce m. November 19, 1834 | |
15 | Harriet Rebecca Lane May 9, 1830 – July 3, 1903 (aged 73) [41][42] |
March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861 |
26 years, 299 days | Buchanan Niece | |
16 | Mary Ann Todd December 13, 1818 – July 16, 1882 (aged 63) [43][44] |
March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865 |
42 years, 81 days | Lincoln m. November 4, 1842 | |
17 | Eliza McCardle October 4, 1810 – January 15, 1876 (aged 65) [45][46] |
April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869 |
54 years, 193 days | A. Johnson m. May 17, 1827 | |
18 | Julia Boggs Dent January 26, 1826 – December 14, 1902 (aged 76) [47][48] |
March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877 |
43 years, 37 days | Grant m. August 22, 1848 | |
19 | Lucy Ware Webb August 28, 1831 – June 25, 1889 (aged 57) [49][50] |
March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881 |
45 years, 188 days | Hayes m. December 30, 1852 | |
20 | Lucretia Rudolph April 19, 1832 – March 14, 1918 (aged 85) [51][52] |
March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881 |
48 years, 319 days | Garfield m. November 11, 1858 | |
21 | Mary Arthur McElroy July 5, 1841 – January 8, 1917 (aged 75) [53] |
September 19, 1881 – March 4, 1885 |
40 years, 76 days | Arthur Sister | |
22 | Rose Elizabeth Cleveland June 13, 1846 – November 22, 1918 (aged 72) [54] |
March 4, 1885 – June 2, 1886 |
38 years, 264 days | Cleveland Sister | |
Frances Clara Folsom July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947 (aged 83) [55][56] |
June 2, 1886 – March 4, 1889 |
21 years, 316 days | Cleveland m. June 2, 1886 Married in the White House | ||
23 | Caroline Lavinia Scott October 1, 1832 – October 25, 1892 (aged 60) [57][58] |
March 4, 1889 – October 25, 1892 † |
56 years, 154 days | B. Harrison m. October 20, 1853 | |
Mary Scott Harrison April 3, 1858 – October 28, 1930 (aged 72) [58] |
October 25, 1892 – March 4, 1893 |
34 years, 205 days | B. Harrison Daughter | ||
24 | Frances Clara Folsom July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947 (aged 83) [55][56] |
March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897 |
28 years, 226 days | Cleveland m. June 2, 1886 | |
25 | Ida Saxton June 8, 1847 – May 26, 1907 (aged 59) [59][60] |
March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901 |
49 years, 269 days | McKinley m. January 25, 1871 | |
26 | Edith Kermit Carow August 6, 1861 – September 30, 1948 (aged 87) [61][62] |
September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909 |
40 years, 39 days | T. Roosevelt m. December 2, 1886 | |
27 | Helen Louise Herron June 2, 1861 – May 22, 1943 (aged 81) [63][64] |
March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913 |
47 years, 275 days | Taft m. June 19, 1886 | |
28 | Ellen Louise Axson May 15, 1860 – August 6, 1914 (aged 54) [65][66] |
March 4, 1913 – August 6, 1914 † |
52 years, 293 days | Wilson m. June 24, 1885 | |
Margaret Woodrow Wilson April 16, 1886 – February 12, 1944 (aged 57) [66] |
August 6, 1914 – December 18, 1915 |
28 years, 112 days | Wilson Daughter | ||
Edith Bolling October 15, 1872 – December 28, 1961 (aged 89) [67][68] |
December 18, 1915 – March 4, 1921 |
43 years, 64 days | Wilson m. December 18, 1915 President Wilson remarried during first term | ||
29 | Florence Mabel Kling August 15, 1860 – November 21, 1924 (aged 64) [69][70] |
March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923 |
60 years, 201 days | Harding m. July 8, 1891 | |
30 | Grace Anna Goodhue January 3, 1879 – July 8, 1957 (aged 78) [71][72] |
August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929 |
44 years, 211 days | Coolidge m. October 4, 1905 | |
31 | Lou Henry March 29, 1874 – January 7, 1944 (aged 69) [73][74] |
March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933 |
54 years, 340 days | Hoover m. February 10, 1899 | |
32 | Anna Eleanor Roosevelt October 11, 1884 – November 7, 1962 (aged 78) [75][76] |
March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945 |
48 years, 144 days | F. D. Roosevelt m. March 17, 1905 | |
33 | Elizabeth Virginia "Bess" Wallace February 13, 1885 – October 18, 1982 (aged 97) [77][78] |
April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953 |
60 years, 58 days | Truman m. June 28, 1919 | |
34 | Mamie Geneva Doud November 14, 1896 – November 1, 1979 (aged 82) [79][80] |
January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961 |
56 years, 67 days | Eisenhower m. July 1, 1916 | |
35 | Jacqueline "Jackie" Lee Bouvier July 28, 1929 – May 19, 1994 (aged 64) [81][82] |
January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963 |
31 years, 176 days | Kennedy m. September 12, 1953 | |
36 | Claudia Alta "Lady Bird" Taylor December 22, 1912 – July 11, 2007 (aged 94) [83][84] |
November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969 |
50 years, 335 days | L. B. Johnson m. November 17, 1934 | |
37 | Thelma "Pat" Catherine Ryan March 16, 1912 – June 22, 1993 (aged 81) [85][86] |
January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974 |
56 years, 310 days | Nixon m. June 21, 1940 | |
38 | Elizabeth "Betty" Ann Bloomer April 8, 1918 – July 8, 2011 (aged 93) [87][88] |
August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977 |
56 years, 123 days | Ford m. October 15, 1948 | |
39 | Eleanor Rosalynn Smith Born August 18, 1927 [89][90] |
January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981 |
49 years, 155 days | Carter m. July 7, 1946 | |
40 | Nancy Davis July 6, 1921 – March 6, 2016 (aged 94) [91][92] |
January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989 |
59 years, 203 days | Reagan m. March 4, 1952 | |
41 | Barbara Pierce June 8, 1925 – April 17, 2018 (aged 92) [93][94] |
January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993 |
63 years, 226 days | G. H. W. Bush m. January 6, 1945 | |
42 | Hillary Diane Rodham Born October 26, 1947 [95][96] |
January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001 |
45 years, 86 days | Clinton m. October 11, 1975 | |
43 | Laura Lane Welch Born November 4, 1946 [97][98] |
January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009 |
54 years, 77 days | G. W. Bush m. November 5, 1977 | |
44 | Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Born January 17, 1964 [99][100] |
January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017 |
45 years, 3 days | Obama m. October 3, 1992 | |
45 | Melanija Knavs Birth country: Yugoslavia (present day Slovenia) Born April 26, 1970 [101] |
January 20, 2017 – present |
46 years, 269 days | Trump m. January 22, 2005 |
Other spouses of presidents of the United States
Certain spouses of presidents of the United States are not considered first ladies of the United States.
Four presidents were widowed prior to their presidencies:
- Thomas Jefferson was married to Martha Wayles from 1772 until her death in 1782.
- Andrew Jackson was married to Rachel Donelson from 1794 until her death in 1828.
- Martin Van Buren was married to Hannah Hoes from 1807 until her death in 1819.
- Chester A. Arthur was married to Ellen Lewis Herndon from 1859 until her death in 1880.
Two presidents were divorced prior to their presidencies:
- Ronald Reagan was married to Jane Wyman from 1940 until 1949.
- Donald Trump was married to Ivana Zelníčková from 1977 until 1992 and to Marla Maples from 1993 until 1999.
Two presidents remarried after their presidencies:
- Millard Fillmore was married to Caroline Carmichael McIntosh from 1858 until his death in 1874.
- Benjamin Harrison was married to Mary Scott Lord Dimmick from 1896 until his death in 1901.
One president was widowed and remarried prior to his presidency:
- Theodore Roosevelt was married to Alice Hathaway Lee from 1880 until her death in 1884. He was subsequently married to Edith Carow from 1886 to his death in 1919.
See also
- Second Lady of the United States
- First Family of the United States
- List of children of the Presidents of the United States
- List of current United States first spouses
- List of Presidents of the United States
- List of United States First Lady firsts
- Spouse of the Prime Minister of Canada
- First Lady of Mexico
References
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{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Biography of Hillary Clinton". The White House. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
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- ^ "Biography of Laura Bush". The White House. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Laura Bush". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
- ^ "Biography of Michelle Obama". The White House. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
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