List of communist states: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Added {{More footnotes needed}} tag
Line 6: Line 6:
== Current communist states ==
== Current communist states ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Overview of current [[communist state]]s
|+Overview of existing communist states
!scope="col"|Country
!scope="col"|Country
!scope="col"|Since
!scope="col"|Since
!scope="col"|Ruling party
! scope="col" | [[Leading role of the party|Leading party]]
!State class system
!State class system
|-
|-
|scope="row"|{{flag|People's Republic of China}}{{refn|[[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] are administrated under the "[[one country, two systems]]" principle.|group=nb}}
|scope="row"|{{flag|People's Republic of China|name=China}}
|data-sort-value="1949-10-01"|{{Start date|1949|10|1|df=yes}}
|data-sort-value="1949-10-01"|{{Start date|1949|10|1|df=yes}}
|{{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party.svg}} [[Communist Party of China]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party.svg}} [[Communist Party of China]]
|[[Socialist state]]
|[[Socialist state]]
|-
|-
|scope="row"|{{flag|Cuba|name=Republic of Cuba}}
|scope="row"|{{flag|Cuba}}
|data-sort-value="1959-01-01"|{{Start date|1959|1|1|df=yes}}
|data-sort-value="1959-01-01"|{{Start date|1959|1|1|df=yes}}
|{{Flagicon image|Red flag.svg}} [[Communist Party of Cuba]]
|{{Flagicon image|Red flag.svg}} [[Communist Party of Cuba]]
Line 23: Line 23:


|-
|-
|scope="row"|{{no wrap|{{flag|Lao People's Democratic Republic}}}}
|scope="row"|{{flag|Laos}}
|data-sort-value="1975-12-02"|{{Start date|1975|12|2|df=yes}}
|data-sort-value="1975-12-02"|{{Start date|1975|12|2|df=yes}}
|{{no wrap|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party.svg}} [[Lao People's Revolutionary Party]]}}
|{{no wrap|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party.svg}} [[Lao People's Revolutionary Party]]}}
|[[People's democratic state]]
|[[People's democratic state]]
|-
|-
| scope="row" |{{flag|North Korea|name=Democratic People's Republic of Korea}}
| scope="row" |{{flag|North Korea}}
| data-sort-value="1949-10-01" |{{Start date|1948|9|9|df=yes}}
| data-sort-value="1949-10-01" |{{Start date|1948|9|9|df=yes}}
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Workers' Party of Korea.svg}} [[Workers' Party of Korea]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Workers' Party of Korea.svg}} [[Workers' Party of Korea]]
|[[Socialist state]]
|[[Socialist state]]
|-
|-
|scope="row"|{{flag|Vietnam|name=Socialist Republic of Vietnam}}
|scope="row"|{{flag|Vietnam}}
|data-sort-value="1945-09-02"| 2 September 1945
|data-sort-value="1945-09-02"| 2 September 1945
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam.svg}} [[Communist Party of Vietnam]]
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam.svg}} [[Communist Party of Vietnam]]
|[[Socialist state]]
|[[Socialist state]]
|}
|}

==Overview==
===Socialist states===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:center
|+Overview of communist states that have self-described themselves as socialist
! scope="col" | State
! scope="col" | Established
! scope="col" | Dissolved
! scope="col" | Duration
! scope="col" | [[Leading role of the party|Leading party]]
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference.}}
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Albania}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1976|12|28}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1991|4|29}}
| {{Formatnum:{{Age in years and days|1976|12|28|1991|4|29}}}}
| align="left" | [[Party of Labour of Albania]]
|
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Bulgaria}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1971|5|18}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1991|7|12}}
| {{Formatnum:{{Age in years and days|1971|5|18|1991|7|12}}}}
| align="left" | [[Communist Party of Bulgaria]]
|
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|People's Republic of China|name=China}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1949|10|1}}
| —
| {{Formatnum:{{Age in years and days|1949|10|1}}}}
| align="left" | [[Communist Party of China]]
|
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Cuba}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1959|1|1}}
| —
| {{Formatnum:{{Age in years and days|1959|1|1}}}}
| align="left" | [[Communist Party of Cuba]]
|
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Czechoslovakia}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1960|7|11}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1990|3|29}}
| {{Formatnum:{{Age in years and days|1960|7|11|1990|3|29}}}}
| align="left" | [[Communist Party of Czechoslovakia]]
|
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|East Germany}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1968|4|8}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1990|10|3}}
| {{Formatnum:{{Age in years and days|1968|4|8|1990|10|3}}}}
| align="left" | [[Socialist Unity Party of Germany]]
|
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Hungary}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1972|4|26}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1989|10|23}}
| {{Formatnum:{{Age in years and days|1972|4|26|1989|10|23}}}}
| align="left" | [[Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party]]
|
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Mongolia}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1960|7|6}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1990|2|12}}
| {{Formatnum:{{Age in years and days|1960|7|6|1990|2|12}}}}
| align="left" | [[Mongolian People's Party|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party]]
|
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|North Korea}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1972|12|27}}
| —
| {{Formatnum:{{Age in years and days|1972|12|27}}}}
| align="left" | [[Workers' Party of Korea]]
|
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Poland}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1976|2|10}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1989|12|9}}
| {{Formatnum:{{Age in years and days|1976|2|10|1989|12|9}}}}
| align="left" | [[Polish United Workers' Party]]
|
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Romania}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1965|8|21}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1989|12|30}}
| {{Formatnum:{{Age in years and days|1965|8|21|1989|12|30}}}}
| align="left" | [[Romanian Communist Party]]
|
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Soviet Union}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1936|12|5}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1991|12|26}}
| {{Formatnum:{{Age in years and days|1936|12|5|1991|12|26}}}}
| align="left" | [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]
|
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Vietnam}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1976|7|2}}
| —
| {{Formatnum:{{Age in years and days|1976|7|2}}}}
| align="left" | [[Communist Party of Vietnam]]
|
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Yugoslavia}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1953|1|13}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1992|4|27}}
| {{Formatnum:{{Age in years and days|1953|1|13|1992|4|27}}}}
| align="left" | [[League of Communists of Yugoslavia]]
|
|}

===People's democratic states===
===National democratic states===


== Former communist states ==
== Former communist states ==

Revision as of 13:13, 22 February 2024

A map of current communist states

The following are lists of current and former communist states.

Current communist states

Overview of existing communist states
Country Since Leading party State class system
 China 1 October 1949 (1949-10-01) Communist Party of China Socialist state
 Cuba 1 January 1959 (1959-01-01) Communist Party of Cuba Socialist state
 Laos 2 December 1975 (1975-12-02) Lao People's Revolutionary Party People's democratic state
 North Korea 9 September 1948 (1948-09-09) Workers' Party of Korea Socialist state
 Vietnam 2 September 1945 Communist Party of Vietnam Socialist state

Overview

Socialist states

Overview of communist states that have self-described themselves as socialist
State Established Dissolved Duration Leading party Ref.
 Albania 28 December 1976 29 April 1991 14 years, 122 days Party of Labour of Albania
 Bulgaria 18 May 1971 12 July 1991 20 years, 55 days Communist Party of Bulgaria
 China 1 October 1949 — 74 years, 228 days Communist Party of China
 Cuba 1 January 1959 — 65 years, 136 days Communist Party of Cuba
 Czechoslovakia 11 July 1960 29 March 1990 29 years, 261 days Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
 East Germany 8 April 1968 3 October 1990 22 years, 178 days Socialist Unity Party of Germany
 Hungary 26 April 1972 23 October 1989 17 years, 180 days Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
 Mongolia 6 July 1960 12 February 1990 29 years, 221 days Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
 North Korea 27 December 1972 — 51 years, 141 days Workers' Party of Korea
 Poland 10 February 1976 9 December 1989 13 years, 302 days Polish United Workers' Party
 Romania 21 August 1965 30 December 1989 24 years, 131 days Romanian Communist Party
 Soviet Union 5 December 1936 26 December 1991 55 years, 21 days Communist Party of the Soviet Union
 Vietnam 2 July 1976 — 47 years, 319 days Communist Party of Vietnam
 Yugoslavia 13 January 1953 27 April 1992 39 years, 105 days League of Communists of Yugoslavia

People's democratic states

National democratic states

Former communist states

See also: People's republic
States that had communist governments in red, states that the Soviet Union believed at one point to be moving toward socialism in orange, and states with constitutional references to socialism in yellow
     Officially ruling parties in communist states
     Communist parties as ruling parties or part of a governing coalition in multi-party states
     Formerly ruling in a one-party system
     Formerly ruling in a parliamentary majority or minority government
     Formerly ruling as a coalition partner or supporter

The following communist states were socialist states committed to communism. Some were short-lived and preceded the widespread adoption of Marxism–Leninism by most communist states.

Notes

  1. ^ Although the government's official ideology is now the Juche part of Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism policy of Kim Il Sung as opposed to orthodox Marxism–Leninism, it is still considered a socialist state. In 1992, all references to Marxism–Leninism in the Constitution of North Korea were dropped and replaced with Juche.[27] In 2009, the constitution was quietly amended so that not only did it remove all Marxist–Leninist references present in the first draft, but it also dropped all reference to communism.[28] According to North Korea: A Country Study by Robert L. Worden, Marxism–Leninism was abandoned immediately after the start of de-Stalinisation in the Soviet Union and it has been totally replaced by Juche since at least 1974.[29]

References

  1. ^ Tanner, Väinö (1956). The Winter War: Finland Against Russia, 1939–1940, Volume 312. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. p. 114.
  2. ^ Trotter, William (2013). A Frozen Hell: The Russo-Finnish Winter War of 1939–1940. Algonquin Books. p. 58, 61.
  3. ^ Kokoshin, Andrei (1998). Soviet Strategic Thought, 1917–91. MIT Press. p. 93.
  4. ^ Tarnas, R. (2006). Cosmos and Psyche: Intimations of a New World View. Viking. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-670-03292-1. Retrieved 6 February 2023 – via Google Books.
  5. ^ Gallardo, P.; Russell, E. (2014). Yesterday's Tomorrows: On Utopia and Dystopia. Cambridge Scholars Publisher. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-4438-5877-9. Retrieved 6 February 2023 – via Google Books.
  6. ^ Hoffrogge, Ralf (2014). "Working-Class Politics in the German Revolution". In Müller, Richard (ed.). The Revolutionary Shop Stewards and the Origins of the Council Movement. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-21921-2.
  7. ^ Ostrowski, Marius S. (2019). Eduard Bernstein on the German Revolution. Selected Historical Writings. New York: Springer International. p. 111. ISBN 9783030277192.
  8. ^ Till Schelze-Brandenburg, Till (2008). "Die Bremer Räterepublik" [The Bremen Soviet Republic]. University of Bremen. Archived from the original on 28 June 2008.
  9. ^ Hooglund, Eric James (1966). The Munich Soviet Republic of April, 1919. Orono, Maine: University of Maine – via Google Books.
  10. ^ Mitchell, Allan (1965). Revolution in Bavaria, 1918–1919: The Eisner Regime and the Soviet Republic. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 346. ISBN 978-1400878802.
  11. ^ Gaab, Jeffrey S. (2006). Munich: Hofbräuhaus & History: Beer, Culture, and Politics. Peter Lang / International Academic Publishers. p. 58. ISBN 978-0820486062.
  12. ^ Kletzin, Jochen (1978). "Die Würzburger Sozialdemokratie in der Weimarer Republik" [The Würzburg Social Democracy in the Weimar Republic]. In Loew, Hans Werner; Schönhoven, Klaus (eds.). Würzburgs Sozialdemokraten: vom Arbeiterverein zur Sozialdemokratischen Volkspartei [Würzburg's Social Democrats. From the Workers' Association to the Social Democratic People's Party] (in German). Würzburg: Stürtz. pp. 60–64.
  13. ^ Stickler, Matthias (2007). "Neuanfang und Kontinuität: Würzburg in der Weimarer Republik." [New Beginnings and Continuity: Würzburg in the Weimar Republic.]. In Wagner, Ulrich (ed.). Geschichte der Stadt Würzburg [History of the City of Würzburg] (in German). Stuttgart: Theiss. pp. 1269 note 18. ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9.
  14. ^ Evans, Richard J. (2003). The Coming of the Third Reich. New York: Penguin. pp. 158–161. ISBN 0-14-303469-3.
  15. ^ Evans, Richard J. (2003). The Coming of the Third Reich. New York: Penguin. pp. 158–161. ISBN 0-14-303469-3.
  16. ^ Major, Patrick; Osmond, Jonathan (2002). The Workers' and Peasants' State: Communism and Society in East Germany Under Ulbricht 1945–71. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6289-6.
  17. ^ Milza, Pierre (2009). L'année terrible: La Commune (mars–juin 1871) [The terrible year: La Commune (March–June 1871)] (in French). Paris: Perrin. ISBN 978-2-262-03073-5.
  18. ^ Rougerie, Jacques (2014). La Commune de 1871. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. ISBN 978-2-13-062078-5.
  19. ^ Gluckstein, Donny (2006). The Paris Commune: A Revolutionary Democracy. Bookmarks. ISBN 978-1-905192-14-4.
  20. ^ Archer, Julian P. W. (April 1972). "The Crowd in the Lyon Commune and the Insurrection of La Guillotiere". International Review of Social History. 17 (1): 183–188. doi:10.1017/S0020859000006489. ISSN 0020-8590. JSTOR 44594905.
  21. ^ Moissonnier, Maurice (1972). La premiere internationale et la commune a Lyon (1865–1871) [The international premiere and the commune in Lyon (1865–1871)] (in French). Paris: Editions sociales. OCLC 902707001.
  22. ^ Cordillot, Michel (1990). La naissance du mouvement ouvrier à Besançon - la Première internationale 1869-1872 [The birth of the labor movement in Besançon - the First International 1869-1872] (in French). Besançon: Cahier d'Études comtoises. ISBN 2251604197.
  23. ^ Arjakas, Küllo; Laur, Mati; Lukas, Tõnis; Mäesalu, Ain (1991). Eesti ajalugu [History of Estonia] (in Estonian). Tallinn: Koolibri. p. 261.
  24. ^ Attitudes of Major Soviet Nationalities (PDF). Vol. II. The Baltics. Center for International Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1973. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  25. ^ Swanson, John C. (2017). Tangible Belonging: Negotiating Germanness in Twentieth-Century Hungary. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-8229-8199-2.
  26. ^ Völgyes, Iván (1970). "The Hungarian Dictatorship of 1919: Russian Example versus Hungarian Reality". East European Quarterly. 1 (4): 58. ISSN 0012-8449.
  27. ^ Dae-Kyu, Yoon (2003). "The Constitution of North Korea: Its Changes and Implications". Fordham International Law Journal. 27 (4): 1289–1305. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  28. ^ Park, Seong-Woo (23 September 2009). "Bug gaejeong heonbeob 'seongunsasang' cheos myeong-gi" 북 개정 헌법 '선군사상' 첫 명기 [First stipulation of the 'Seongun Thought' of the North Korean Constitution] (in Korean). Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  29. ^ Worden, Robert L. (2008). North Korea: A Country Study (PDF) (5th ed.). Washington, D. C.: Library of Congress. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-8444-1188-0.
  30. ^ Layne, Joseph Ewart (2014). We Move Tonight: The Making of the Grenada Revolution. Grenada Revolution Memorial Foundation.
  31. ^ Khadzhiev, Georgi (1992). "The Transfiguration Uprising and the 'Strandzha Commune': The First Libertarian Commune in Bulgaria". Nat︠s︡ionalnoto osvobozhdenie i bezvlastnii︠a︡t federalizŭm [National Liberation and Libertarian Federalism] (in Bulgarian). Translated by Firth, Will. Sofia: Artizdat-5. pp. 99–148. OCLC 27030696. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020.
  32. ^ Vasséva, Sonia (2 August 2013). "2 août: Insurrection de la Saint Elie et de la Transfiguration" [August 2: Insurrection of Saint Elijah and the Transfiguration] (in French). Radio Bulgaria. Retrieved 12 December 2016.

Bibliography

General

References for when the individuals were elected to the office of CCP leader, the name of the offices and when they established and were abolished are found below.

Articles and journal entries

Books

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_communist_states&oldid=1209553457"