List of former Muslims: Difference between revisions

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*[[Dwight York]] - [[African American]] author, black supremacist leader, musician, convicted child molester and founder of the religious doctrine called [[Nuwaubianism]].<ref>[http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/csrpl/RINVol9No1/Cult%20Fighting%20in%20Middle%20Georgia.htm Cult Fighting in Middle Georgia]</ref>
*[[Dwight York]] - [[African American]] author, black supremacist leader, musician, convicted child molester and founder of the religious doctrine called [[Nuwaubianism]].<ref>[http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/csrpl/RINVol9No1/Cult%20Fighting%20in%20Middle%20Georgia.htm Cult Fighting in Middle Georgia]</ref>


[[Image:WesleySnipesSept08.jpg|150px|thumb|upright|American actor, '''[[Wesley Snipes]]''' he was converted from Christianity to Islam in 1978, ten years he left the faith.<ref name = "Wesley"/>]]
[[Image:WesleySnipesSept08.jpg|150px|thumb|upright|American actor, '''[[Wesley Snipes]]''' he was converted from Christianity to Islam in 1978, but he left the faith in 1988.<ref name = "Wesley"/>]]


===Undetermined current belief system===
===Undetermined current belief system===

Revision as of 19:28, 10 November 2009

This is a list of notable people who have been Muslims sometime during their lives but left Islam for another religion or a non-religious ideology.

Converted to a different Abrahamic religion

Converted to Christianity

Albanian monarch, Skanderbeg converted from Christianity to Islam but reverted to Christianity later in life[1]
Italian journalist Magdi Allam converted to Roman Catholicism during the Vatican's 2008 Easter vigil service presided over by Pope Benedict XVI[5]
On St George's Day, 2005 Bosnian film director Emir Kusturica left Islam and was baptised into the Serb Orthodox Church[42]
Argentine president, Carlos Menem converted to Roman Catholicism due to his political aspirations [36]
Al Qaeda terrorist Ramzi Yousef claims to have embraced Christianity while in ADX Florence Supermax prison. However, the prison staff does not believe Yousef's conversion is sincere.[85][86]
Born into a Muslim Batak family, Indonesian Prime Minister Amir Sjarifuddin converted to Christianity in 1931, upon which his fervently Islamic mother committed suicide.[92]

Converted to Judaism

  • Reza Jabari - Israeli of Iranian birth who hijacked a flight between Tehran and the Iranian resort island of Kish in September, 1995 while working as a flight attendant for Iranian carrier Kish Air flight 707.[101]

Converted to the Bahá'í Faith

File:Mishkinqalam.jpg
Mishkín-Qalam was a prominent Bahá'í and one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh, as well as a famous calligrapher of 19th century Persia.[102]

These were mostly people who were followers of the Bahá'u'lláh at the time he founded the Bahá'í Faith. They were formerly Muslims.

Part of an unorganized religion or no religion

Became Atheists

Salman Rushdie, author of The Satanic Verses. [106]
Former Muslim and Dutch politician Ehsan Jami was one of the two founders of the Central Committee for Ex-Muslims[107]

[131]

Secular

File:Uygur, Cenk.jpg
Turkish-American liberal radio talk show host Cenk Uygur was raised a Muslim, but now identifies himself as an Agnostic.[141]

Converted to a Dharmic religion

Converted to Buddhism

Converted to Hinduism

Harilal Gandhi converted to Islam, adopted the name "Abdullah Gandhi", but later reverted to Hinduism. [153]

Converted to Sikhism

  • Kuldeep Manak - (born Latif Mohammed) Famous Punjabi singer who, after his conversion, released a number of Sikh devotional tracks.[168]

Other

Religious founders

Mughal emperor Akbar proclaimed that no single religion possessed the absolute truth. This inspired him to create the Dīn-i Ilāhī in 1581[169]
American actor, Wesley Snipes he was converted from Christianity to Islam in 1978, but he left the faith in 1988.[177]

Undetermined current belief system

  • Khalid Duran - Specialist in the history, sociology and politics of the Islamic world.[178]
  • Charles Bronson - British criminal and self-styled "most violent prisoner in Britain".[179]
  • David Hicks - Australian-born Guantanamo Bay detainee who converted to Islam[180] and was notorious in his homeland for his once support of radical Islam and for the circumstances surrounding his incarceration, is believed to have renounced Islam whilst incarcerated at Guantanamo Bay.[181]
  • Wesley Snipes - American actor, film producer, and martial artist.[177]

See also

Other apostasy-related lists

References

  1. ^ a b Rendina, Claudio (2000). La grande enciclopedia di Roma. Rome: Newton Compton, 1136. ISBN 88-8289-316-2.
  2. ^ George Sanikidze and Edward W. Walker (2004), Islam and Islamic Practices in Georgia. Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies., p. 70, University of California, Berkeley Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies.
  3. ^ Pope Gunman: I Want to Convert to Christianity - ABC News, May 13, 2009
  4. ^ Late pope's would-be killer wants Vatican baptism lawyer - Vancouver Sun, May 2009
  5. ^ a b Pope baptizes one of Italy's most prominent Muslims at Easter vigil service
  6. ^ Egypt: Christian convert from Islam jailed - Compass Direct News, October 18, 2006
  7. ^ He saved me - The story of Hussain Andaryas from Afghanistan
  8. ^ Hutchison, Robert A. (1999). Their Kingdom Come: Inside the Secret World of Opus Dei. St. Martin's Press. p. 7. ISBN 0312193440. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help) - Sister Josephine Bakhita had been converted by force to Islam and then, freedom restored, had chosen Christianity.
  9. ^ Fla. police: No credible threat to runaway convert, AP, NOv. 14, 2009 [1]
  10. ^ [2]
  11. ^ Birdsall, Neville. Collected Papers in Greek And Georgian Textual Criticism, pg. 174.[3]; January 8th Saints.
  12. ^ Don Juan of Persia: A Shi'ah Catholic 1560-1604 (book review)
  13. ^ a b c d "Үтәмешгәрәй". Tatar Encyclopaedia (in Tatar). Kazan: The Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.
  14. ^ Michael Khodarkovsky, Russia's Steppe Frontier, Indiana University Press, 2002, ISBN 0253217709, M1 Google Print, p. 265.
  15. ^ Troyat, Henri Ivan le Terrible. Flammarion, Paris, 1982
  16. ^ Ivan Mannheim, Syria & Lebanon handbook, Footprint Travel Guides, 2001, ISBN 1900949903, Google Print, p. 567.
  17. ^ Gershom Scholem, 'Shabtai Zvi (1626–1676)', 'Frank, Jacob, and the Frankists', from Encyclopedia Judaica
  18. ^ Biography of Walid Shoebat
  19. ^ "The Rt Rev Hassan Dehqani-Tafti, Bishop of Iran who survived an assassination attempt and had to continue his ministry in exile". The Daily Telegraph. 2008-05-05. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
  20. ^ J.S. Clarke. "History". Linda Haggin Peck. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  21. ^ Friedman, Lisa. "Ex-Muslim calls on her people to reject hatred", Los Angeles Daily News, 5 June 2005. (reproduced)
  22. ^ The Written Defense of the Rev. Mehdi Dibaj Delivered to the Sari Court of Justice - Sari, Iran December 3, 1993
  23. ^ Latter-day Saint (Mormon) character in "Panther" (1997) (Eldridge Cleaver, Latter-day Saint)
  24. ^ John Clark Hammerback and Richard J. Jensen. "From Muslim to Mormon: Eldridge Cleaver's Rhetorical Crusade," Communication Quarterly, 34 (Winter 1986), 24-40.
  25. ^ Diplomats Concerned About Killing of Iranian Pastor
  26. ^ I Love Jeddah in the Springtime Time magazine
  27. ^ Islam, the West and the need for honesty
  28. ^ Against the Tides in the Middle East, International Academic Centre for Muslim Evangelism in South Africa, 1997 (published under the name "Mustafa").
  29. ^ a b Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila
  30. ^ Akbar Gbaja-Biamila Keeps the Faith - ("In college, Akbar converted to Christianity, while his father remains a Muslim.")
  31. ^ Template:Ru icon Alexander Kazembek: Light from the East by Alexei Pylev. 13 April, 2003. Retrieved 9 October, 2006
  32. ^ Qadry Ismail's bio on TheGoal.com
  33. ^ Article on Raghib Ismail: Rocket shows strong path
  34. ^ Faith in Sports
  35. ^ Time Magazine
  36. ^ a b Encyclopedia Britannica- Carlos Menem
  37. ^ Flight from Iran
  38. ^ You quizzed George Weah - BBC.com
  39. ^ Religion And Power in Liberia - The Perspective, June 17, 2005.
  40. ^ Egypt The Muhammed Ali dynasty
  41. ^ Egypt
  42. ^ a b Article about Kusturica's religion on pionirovglasnik.com
  43. ^ Beyaz: Tuğçe Kazaz şehadet getirsin
  44. ^ The Indian Mutiny and the British Imagination by Gautam Chakravarty · Cambridge, 242 pp ISBN 0521832748
  45. ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/news/archive/archive?ArchiveId=21687
  46. ^ Okanla, Karim (20 August, 2003). "Benin's 'magical' leader". BBC news. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  47. ^ The Travels of Dean Mahomet - University of California press
  48. ^ Deen Mahomed [1759-1851: soldier, writer, businessman]
  49. ^ White mischief - The Guardian, December 9, 2002
  50. ^ Emily Ruete, (1888): Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar
  51. ^ Emily Ruete, Ulrich Haarmann (Editor), E. Van Donzel (Editor), Leiden, Netherlands, (1992): An Arabian Princess Between Two Worlds: Memoirs, Letters Home, Sequels to the Memoirs, Syrian Customs and Usages. Presents the reader with a picture of life in Zanzibar between 1850 - 1865, and with an intelligent observer's reactions to life in Germany in the Bismarck period. Emily Ruete's writings describe her attempts to recover her Zanzibar inheritance and her homesickness. ISBN 90-04-09615-9
  52. ^ Publisher's review for Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar - ("Despite strictures confining Islamic women, she trysted with a German who is thought to have impregnated her, fled to Germany where she converted to Christianity")
  53. ^ News of Kusturica's baptism on passagen.se
  54. ^ Amazon.com: Inside Islam: A Guide for Catholics: Books: Daniel Ali,Robert Spencer
  55. ^ Washington Times - Islam for Catholics
  56. ^ Fernão Lopes - the first Robinson - The St Helena Foundation
  57. ^ Massie, Robert K. (1981). Peter the Great. Soviet Union: Ballantine Books. p. 469. ISBN 0345298063. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  58. ^ Damien Simonis, Sarah Andrews, Spain, Lonely Planet, 2005, ISBN 1740597001, Google Print, pp. 743.
  59. ^ St. Casilda - Americancatholic.org
  60. ^ St. Alodia - Catholic.org
  61. ^ Christian Martyrs in Muslim Spain
  62. ^ Biography of Johannes Aveteranian
  63. ^ Jarrett-Kerr, Martin (1972). Patterns of Christian Acceptance. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 196. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  64. ^ Hamid Pourmand: Imprisonment due to religious belief
  65. ^ Donald Fareed's testimony on the Persian ministries website
  66. ^ Prison Radicalization: Are Terrorist Cells Forming in U.S. Cell Blocks? Government testimony (PDF)
  67. ^ Daveed Gartenstein-Ross biography on his website
  68. ^ CBC Radio | The Current | Whole Show Blow-by-Blow
  69. ^ Malika Oufkir: the American Making of a Moroccan Star
  70. ^ Ruffa Gutierrez reaffirms her Christian faith
  71. ^ Majumdar, Margaret (2002). Francophone Studies: The Essential Glossary. United States of America: Oxford University Press. p. 4. ISBN 0340806966. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  72. ^ Heirs of the Prophets: An account of the clergy and Priests of Islam, Samuel Marinus Zwemer, Moody press, 1946, p. 127 - "There are some examples which could easily be multiplied. Dr. Imad-ud-Din was a leading sufi and theologian in the Punjaub. He was appointed to preach against Dr. Pfander in the royal mosque at Agra; he read the Scriptures, believed and was baptised, and with another great theologian and sufi, Safdar Ali, became a missionary to his people. Afterwards he received a doctorate from Oxford University. His baptism took place New Year's Day, 1868, together with his aged father and brother. Other distinguished converts in the Punjab, such as Imam Shah, were also from the clergy."
  73. ^ Cryer, Neville Barker (1979). Bibles Across the World. United States of America: Mowbrays. p. 94. ISBN 0264664175. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  74. ^ TURKEY: CONVERTS SUBJECTED TO OFFICIAL HARASSMENT
  75. ^ Threats force Egyptian convert to hide, MAGGIE MICHAEL, Associated Press Writer Sat Aug 11, [4]
  76. ^ Beale, Lewis. "Precious Freedom. USA Weekend Magazine. November 9, 2003.
  77. ^ In Tibet and Chinese Turkestan: Being the Record of Three Years' Exploration, Henry Hugh Peter Deasy, pg. 284
  78. ^ Gulshan Esther, Alistair Mark Dean, Thelma Sangster, The Torn Veil: The Best-selling Story of Gulshan Esther, Zondervan (1992), pg.46, ISBN 055101153X
  79. ^ Marriages of the Holy Prophet
  80. ^ The Human Side In The Hajjah Of The Messenger of Allah
  81. ^ Constantine the African
  82. ^ Constantine the African, or Constantinus Africanus (medieval medical scholar)
  83. ^ Estevanico (aka Estevan, Esteban, Estebanico, Black Stephen, Stephen the Moor)
  84. ^ Michael Walsh, A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West, Liturgical Press, 2007, ISBN 081463186X, Google Print, p. 3.
  85. ^ a b Jailed '93 WTC bomber claims he's now a Christian - Nydailynews, October 12, 2007
  86. ^ a b 60 minutes (December 10, 2007). "Producer's Notebook: My Trip To Supermax" (HTML). 60 minutes. Retrieved 2008-03-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  87. ^ Holweck, F. G. (1924). A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co. p. 84. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  88. ^ Is the 'prosperity gospel' prospering?
  89. ^ Petre, Jonathan (2005-10-08). "'Wealth' church leader practised what he preached". Telegraph. Retrieved 2007-08-04. the charismatic Mr Ashimolowo, a Nigerian-born convert from Islam {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
  90. ^ Rudnytsky, Peter L.(1987). Essays in modern Ukrainian history. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. p. 186
  91. ^ Istoria şi tradiţiile minorităţii rromani, p.28, 2005, Sigma, Bucharest, Delia Grigore, Petre Petcuţ and Mariana Sandu - "Born to a Rom Muslim slave father and a free Romanian Christian mother, Razvan converted to Christianity, thereby, attracting the wrath of the Ottomans."
  92. ^ a b Vickers, Adrian (2005). A History of Modern Indonesia. Cambridge University Press. p. 86
  93. ^ Benin's new president announced
  94. ^ "A History of Orthodox Missions Among the Muslims". Yurij Maximov, Russian author and religious studies teacher in the Religious Studies at the Moscow Orthodox Seminary. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  95. ^ Joseph Patrich, The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church, Peeters Publishers, 2001, ISBN 9042909765, Google Print, p. 157.
  96. ^ L. P. Harvey, Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614: 1500 to 1614, University of Chicago Press, 2005, ISBN 0226319636, M1 Google Print, pp. 223Various Christian sources including the Christian historian, Marmol claim that with his dying breath Aben Humeya declared himself a Christian and said that what he had done was in the prosecution of a family feud.
  97. ^ Schwaner, Birgit (2007-06-01). "Der Abenteurer aus Ober St. Veit" (in German). Weiner Zeitung. Retrieved 2008-01-19. He was absolved by the Pope for his conversion, which he reversed {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
  98. ^ Hussein Fardust, The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty:, Motilal Banarsidass, 1999, ISBN 8120816420, Google Print, pp. 122–123.
  99. ^ Saye Zerbo, président of the republic from 1980 to 1982 (article in French) "At once stopped, Saye Zerbo is thrown in prison. Since his imprisonment, the deposed president contemplates and reads the Qu'ran through whole nights. He also asks so that the Bible be brought to him that the archbishop of Ouagadougou, the cardinal Paul Zoungrana, had offered to him at the time of first Christmas following his takeover. At this point in time it will have the revelation which will change its life. In a mystical dash, Saye Zerbo is brought to his knees, returns thanks to God and converts to Christianity. His entire family will do the same thing thereafter."
  100. ^ Canal Sánchez-Pagín; Montaner Frutos; Palencia; Salazar y Acha
  101. ^ Iranian Muslim converts to Judaism
  102. ^ a b Balyuzi, H.M. (1985). Eminent Bahá'ís in the time of Bahá'u'lláh. The Camelot Press Ltd, Southampton. pp. 270–271. ISBN 0853981523.
  103. ^ a b c d e f Balyuzi, Hasan (2000). Bahá'u'lláh, King of Glory. Cite error: The named reference "Balyuzi" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  104. ^ Momen, Moojan (2002-03-04). "Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani, Mirza". Retrieved 2007-02-19.
  105. ^ `Abdu'l-Bahá (1997) [1915]. Memorials of the Faithful (Softcover ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. ISBN 0877432422.
  106. ^ a b Interview with Rushdie by Gigi Marzullo; Sottovoce, RAIUNO, March 31 2006.
  107. ^ a b A New Brand of Nonbelievers
  108. ^ Dutch article link: 'Ik geloof niet meer'
  109. ^ Re-drawing the line - Al Ahram Weeky, August 9, 2000
  110. ^ Charter, David (11-09-07). "Young Muslims begin dangerous fight for the right to abandon faith". The Times. Retrieved 27-05-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  111. ^ Comoros & Mayotte
  112. ^ Aziz Nesin of Turkey Dies at 80; Writer Escaped Militants' Arson
  113. ^ John Carlin (2005-08-05). "Zackie's story: The man who took on Mbeki - and won". The Independent. Retrieved 2007-08-27. A homosexual, an atheist, and a militant anti-apartheid campaigner whose political ideas were forged on an intense reading of Marx, Lenin, and Trotsky... {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  114. ^ Dr. Humayun Azad laid to rest
  115. ^ Bangladesh: Protecting the Human Rights of Thought, Conscience, and Religion: U.A.B. Razia Akter Banu Prepared Testimony - ("Dr. Azad is a Muslim by birth and by name ... He is an atheist.")
  116. ^ Turan Dursun Website
  117. ^ Kamm, Henry (1993, June 10). 'Hallelujah' is heard in the arch-atheist's temple. The New York Times (Late Edition (East Coast)), p. A4. Retrieved August 27, 2007, from National Newspaper Abstracts
  118. ^ The Angry Arab News Service comments from her blog
  119. ^ Between disparate worlds: On California State University professor As'ad AbuKhalil (1: "...who is also an atheist..." 2: "My Sunni family of my mother taught me how to pray")
  120. ^ Freethought Traditions in the Islamic World by Fred Whitehead
  121. ^ Sarmad, the mystic poet
  122. ^ Hazrat Sarmad Shaheed: The Naked Sufi Martyr
  123. ^ interview with Lounès Matoub
  124. ^ Barack Obama (October 23 2006). "My Spiritual Journey". TIME. Retrieved 2007-02-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  125. ^ Europe since 1945: An encyclopedia, Bernard A Cook, Taylor & Francis, 2001, ISBN 0815340575, p. 31
  126. ^ Kranenberg, Annieke (2007-08-11). "'Als dit niet werkt, beledig ik Wilders wel'" (in Dutch). De Volkskrant. Retrieved 2008-05-09. Quote: (Translation) “In interviews he calls himself an atheist, but until now he has been left alone by beardmonkeys (referring to Muslims). Perhaps I have to make myself heard just a little bit better, I should be more explicit in my aversion to Islam and religion in general.” (Dutch) “In interviews noemt hij zichzelf atheïst, maar tot nog toe ‘ben ik ongemoeid gelaten door de baardapen. Misschien moet ik een hardere toon aanslaan en wat explicieter zijn in mijn afkeer van de islam en religies in het algemeen.’”
  127. ^ Humanistische Omroep, Link to video interview with Hafid Bouazza Quote: (Translation) “Believers live behind a fence, and non-believers live in a pasture and they know there are believers out there behind the fence.” “It [religion] is a matter of conditioning, of brainwashing.” “I know that when I die, it's over with me.” (Dutch) “Gelovigen leven achter een hek, en ongelovigen in een weiland, waarin ze weten dat er gelovigen zijn die achter hekken wonen.” “Het [religie] is een kwestie van conditionering, van hersenspoeling” “Ik weet dat het moment dat ik ter aarde word besteld, dat het afgelopen is met mij.”
  128. ^ Verdonschot, Leon (2008-05-08). ""Ik kan niet leven zonder roes." Interview met Hafid Baouzza, gepubliceerd in Dif nr.1" (in Dutch). Leonverdonschot.nl. Retrieved 2008-05-09. Quote: (Translation) “Look, I'm an atheist. I believe God does not exist, I do not believe in an afterlife. How terrible it may be: Hitler isn't in hell getting pinched in his ass with a trident. I'm fine with he fact there are people who do believe that and get comfort from it, like my mother. I just hope the influence of religion on policy makers will diminish, because my freedom is precious to me.” (Dutch) “Kijk, ik ben atheïst. Ik geloof niet dat God bestaat, ik geloof niet dat er een hiernamaals is. Hoe gruwelijk ook: Hitler wordt op dit moment niet in de hel met een drietand in zijn reet geprikt. Dat er mensen zijn dat dat wél geloven en daar troost uit putten, mensen als mijn moeder: prima. Als de invloed van religies op beleidsmakers maar steeds kleiner wordt, want mijn vrijheid is me dierbaar.”
  129. ^ King of the Iranian bloggers
  130. ^ Muslim Identity and the Balkan State,Hugh Poulton, Suha Taji-Farouki, 1997, ISBN 1850652767, google print p. 133.
  131. ^ It's time to take a stand against Islam and Sharia
  132. ^ Ilan Pappé, The Modern Middle East, Routledge, 2005, ISBN 0415214092, Google Print, p. 189.
  133. ^ The Rushdie Affair: The Novel, the Ayatollah, and the West by Daniel Pipes, Pg. 283
  134. ^ Ninety and spunky
  135. ^ Ахундов Мирза-Фатали
  136. ^ "I was born in a Muslim family, but I became an atheist." For freedom of expression, Taslima Nasreen, November 12, 1999 - Taslima Nasreen took the floor during Commission V of UNESCO's General Conference, as a delegate of the NGO International Humanist and Ethical Union (Accessed 23 December 2006).
  137. ^ Darabi, Parvin Rage Against the Veil: The Courageous Life and Death of an Islamic Dissident ISBN 1-57392-682-5
  138. ^ [5]
  139. ^ http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/crime/2915220/Ex-militants-home-searched-in-Auckland
  140. ^ http://www.charleswardle.com
  141. ^ a b Six Degrees of Barack Obama
  142. ^ [http://www.mail-archive.com/sacw@insaf.net/msg00495.html Pakistan: Appeasing the Mullahs]
  143. ^ The Communalisation of Kargil
  144. ^ Time Magazine- Interview with Wafa Sultan
  145. ^ There is No Clash of Civilizations but a Clash between the Mentality of the Middle Ages and That of the 21st century Feb. 2006
  146. ^ "Warraq, 60, describes himself now as an agnostic..." Dissident voices, World Magazine, June 16, 2007, Vol. 22, No. 22.
  147. ^ "Founder of ex-Muslim group threatened". United Press International. February 23, 2007. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  148. ^ Younus Shaikh- short biography
  149. ^ On Ibn al-Rawandi, from the Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1971, Volume 3, E J Brill, Leiden, p 905
  150. ^ Cricinfo Profile Retrieved 20-12-2006.
  151. ^ "Syariah Court Decides Nyonya Tahir Not A Muslim". Bernama. 2006-01-23. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
  152. ^ Peony Dreams Retrieved 12-6-2008.
  153. ^ a b Watching 'Gandhi my Father' was painful: Tushar
  154. ^ Unveiling the mystique of a reclusive artiste The Hindu - June 28, 2006
  155. ^ Dr. Anwar Shaikh : A Great Soul, A Great Fighter for Truth - International Opinion
  156. ^ Daddy in jail, Mummy seeks votes for both - Indian express
  157. ^ a b Chopra, P.N. T.K. Ravindran and N. Subrahmaniam.History of South India. S. Chand, 2003. ISBN 8121901537
  158. ^ Haridasa Thakura
  159. ^ http://www.hindubooks.org/sudheer_birodkar/hindu_history/landmaratha.html
  160. ^ http://hero-for-modern-india.blogspot.com/
  161. ^ http://www.indiatime.com/category/religion/
  162. ^ Chand Mohammed is Chander Mohan again - Tribune News Service, July 28, 2009
  163. ^ Chand Mohammed converts back to Hinduism - July 28, 2009, The times of India
  164. ^ Muslim scholar embraces Hinduism The Tribune, Chandigarh - April 7, 2000
  165. ^ Five bombers were prepared to die Sunday Morning Telegraph - May 25, 2003
  166. ^ Southern siren Namitha has a temple NDTV - July 10, 2008
  167. ^ Zubeidaa’s secret Times of India - July 11, 2003
  168. ^ Kuldip Manak: The Official Artist Page at desihits.com
  169. ^ a b Dīn-i Ilāhī
  170. ^ The Telegraph
  171. ^ Shoghi Effendi, introduction to The Dawn-breakers, p. xxx.
  172. ^ U of Massachusetts
  173. ^ Rare Literary Gems: The Works of Kabir and Premchand at CRL
  174. ^ The songs of Kabir
  175. ^ A short biography of Musaylimah "He was one of those persons, who came to Madina in the tenth year of migration and embraced Islam. However, after his return to his birthplace he himself claimed to be a prophet and some simple-minded and also some fanatical persons responded to his call".
  176. ^ Cult Fighting in Middle Georgia
  177. ^ a b Wesley Snipes, Hollywood's hottest new star talks about: his divorce, his days on the streets and why he doesn't have 'jungle fever. Ebony Magazine. Sept, 1991 by Laura B. Randolph
  178. ^ Duran, KhalidChildren of Abraham : An Introduction to Islam for Jews Ktav Publishing House ISBN 0881257249
  179. ^ Loonyology: In My Own Words (Hardcover) - Amazon.com
  180. ^ David Hicks: 'Australian Taleban'
  181. ^ Hicks drops Islamic faith
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