Republic of Crimea

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This article is about the partially recognized subject of the Russian Federation. For the sovereign state declared for one day in 2014, see Republic of Crimea (country). For the autonomous republic claimed by Ukraine, see Autonomous Republic of Crimea. For the peninsula, see Crimean Peninsula. For other uses, see Crimea (disambiguation).
Republic of Crimea
Republic
Республика Крым
Other transcription(s)
 • UkrainianРеспубліка Крим
 • Crimean TatarQırım Cumhuriyeti
Flag of Republic of Crimea
Flag
Coat of arms of Republic of Crimea
Coat of arms
Anthem:
"Нивы и горы твои волшебны, Родина" (Russian)
Nivy i gory tvoi volshebny, Rodina  (transliteration)
Your fields and mountains are magical, Motherland
CountryRussia
Federal districtNot assigned to one[1]
Economic regionNot assigned to one[2]
CapitalSimferopol
Government
 • BodyState Council
 • Prime Minister of CrimeaSergey Aksyonov
Area
[3]
 • Total26,100 km2 (10,100 sq mi)
Population
 • Estimate 
(2018)[4]
1,913,731
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[5])
OKTMO ID35000000
Official languagesRussian;[6] Crimean Tatar, Ukrainian

The Republic of Crimea (Russian: Республика Крым; Crimean Tatar: Къырым Джумхуриети, Qırım Cumhuriyeti; Ukrainian: Республіка Крим) is a proclaimed republic and federal subject of Russia which claims most of the Crimean Peninsula in the Black Sea.

Although still known as the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, it reunified with the city of Sevastopol, and these two regions then declared their independence from Ukraine together as a single united nation under conditions declared as invalid by the entire world, save Russia. This "nation" then requested accession to Russia under intimidation by Russian paratroopers, and with an approval margin that would make Hosni Mubarak blush, which was granted separately: one for the former Autonomous Republic of Crimea and another for Sevastopol.[a][8] The federal subject is virtually the same as the former Autonomous Republic of Crimea, save for being part of Russia as a federal subject rather than being part of Ukraine as an autonomous republic. The accession is temporarily being applied even though it has not been ratified yet.[by whom?]

However, the status of the republic is disputed as only Russia recognized the independence declared by the Autonomous Republic and Sevastopol, as well as being the only nation that recognized their subsequent incorporation into the Russian Federation. Most nations do not recognize these actions due to the Russian military intervention in Ukraine that occurred as these events unfolded. Russia, however, argues that the results of a referendum held in Crimea and Sevastopol justify the accession, claiming that its result reflected such desire. Internationally, Russia's actions have been widely condemned as a violation of sovereignty of Ukraine and as an act of aggression. Ukraine, for all intents and purposes, still considers both the Autonomous Republic and Sevastopol as subdivisions of Ukraine under Ukrainian territory and subject to Ukrainian law.

History

Main article: History of Crimea

Formerly annexed by the Russian Empire, Crimea was reoccupied by the Soviet Russia in 1921 and was granted the status of autonomous republic. After World War II in 1945 the Soviet authorities deported the Crimean Tatars and the autonomous status of the region was stripped. In 1954, the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union transferred the region to Ukraine. Ukraine restored Crimea's autonomous status in 1991 and allowed all Crimean Tatars to return. Crimea's autonomous status was further reiterated in 1996 with the ratification of Ukraine's current constitution, which declared Crimea to be the "Autonomous Republic of Crimea", but also an "inseparable constituent part of Ukraine."[9]

On March 11, 2014, amidst the 2014 Crimean crisis, the Crimean parliament and the Sevastopol City Council issued a letter of intent to unilaterally declare independence from Ukraine.[10] The document specifically mentioned Kosovo as a precedent in the lead part.[10]

The declaration was done in an attempt to legitimize a referendum on the status of Crimea where citizens were to vote on whether Crimea should apply to join Russia as a federal subject of the Russian Federation, or remain part of Ukraine.

From left to right, Sergey Aksyonov, Vladimir Konstantinov, Vladimir Putin, and Aleksei Chalyi sign the Treaty on the Adoption of the Republic of Crimea to Russia.

On March 16, 2014, a large majority (reported as 95% of those who voted) voted in favour of independence of Crimea from Ukraine and joining Russia as a federal subject.[11][12] The BBC reported that most of the Crimean Tatars that they interviewed were boycotting the vote.[11] Prime Minister Sergey Aksyonov stated that 40% of Crimean Tatars took part in the referendum, and according to Russian state media, polling data showed a majority of Tatars in Sevastopol voted to join Russia, with a turnout of over 50% in the city.[13] The European Union, Canada, Japan and the United States condemned the vote as illegal.[11][14]

After the referendum, Crimean lawmakers formally voted both to secede from Ukraine and ask for membership in the Russian Federation. The Sevastopol City Council, however, requested the port's separate admission as a federal city.[15]

On March 18, 2014, the self-proclaimed independent Republic of Crimea signed a treaty of accession to the Russian Federation. The accession was granted but separately for each the former regions that composed it: one accession for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea as a federal subject, and another accession for Sevastopol as a federal city. The newly formed federal subject comprising the former Autonomous Republic of Crimea now bears the name Republic of Crimea—the same name as the short-lived self-proclaimed independent republic. During the transition period which will last till January 1, 2015, both sides will resolve the issues of integration of the new subjects “in the economic, financial, credit and legal system of the Russian Federation.”[16] However, only Russia has recognized such accession with most of the international community considering it as illegitimate.

On March 19, 2014, the Ukrainian Military began to withdraw from Crimea.

Government and politics

Main article: Politics of Crimea

The legislative body is a 100-seat parliament, renamed the State Council of Crimea.[17]

The executive power is represented by the Council of Ministers, headed by a Chairman. The authority and operation of the Supreme Council and the Council of Ministers of Crimea are determined by the Constitution of Crimea and other Crimean laws, as well as by regular decisions carried out by the Council.[18]

Justice is administered by courts.[18]

While not an official body controlling Crimea, the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People is a representative body of the Crimean Tatars, which address grievances to the Crimean parliament, the Prime Minister, and international bodies.[19]

Administrative divisions

The Republic of Crimea continues to use the administrative divisions of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and is subdivided into 25 regions: 14 raions (districts) and 11 city municipalities, officially known as territories governed by city councils.[20][failed verification]

Raions
1. Bakhchysarai Raion
2. Bilohirsk Raion
3. Dzhankoy Raion
4. Kirovske Raion
5. Krasnohvardiiske Raion
6. Krasnoperekopsk Raion
7. Lenine Raion
8. Nyzhnohirskyi Raion
9. Pervomaiske Raion
10. Rozdolne Raion
11. Saky Raion
12. Simferopol Raion
13. Sovietskyi Raion
14. Chornomorske Raion
 City municipalities
15. Alushta municipality
16. Armyansk municipality
17. Dzhankoy municipality
18. Yevpatoria municipality
19. Kerch municipality
20. Krasnoperekopsk municipality
21. Saki municipality
22. Simferopol municipality
23. Sudak municipality
24. Feodosiya municipality
25. Yalta municipality
 Subdivisions of Crimea.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Englund (2014) "The city of Sevastopol also entered the Russian Federation, as a separate entity—a status it traditionally enjoyed as an important military center."[7]

References

  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ^ "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
  4. ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  5. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  6. ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  7. ^ Englund, Will (March 18, 2014). "Kremlin says Crimea is now officially part of Russia after treaty signing, Putin speech". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
  8. ^ "Kremlin: Crimea and Sevastopol are now part of Russia, not Ukraine". CNN. March 18, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  9. ^ "Constitution of Ukraine, 1996". Retrieved March 12, 2014.
  10. ^ a b "Парламент Крыма принял Декларацию о независимости АРК и г. Севастополя". Государственный Совет Республики Крым. March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  11. ^ a b c BBC News – Crimea referendum: Voters 'back Russia union'
  12. ^ Crimeans vote over 90 percent to quit Ukraine for Russia | Reuters
  13. ^ "About 40% of Crimean Tatars take part in Crimean referendum – Prime Minister". ITAR-TASS. March 16, 2014. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
  14. ^ Japan does not recognise Crimea vote – govt spokesman | Reuters
  15. ^ "Lawmakers in Crimea Move Swiftly to Split From Ukraine". The New York Times. March 17, 2014. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
  16. ^ "Treaty to accept Crimea, Sevastopol to Russian Federation signed". Russia Today. March 18, 2014.
  17. ^ http://www.vsarc.ru/en/news/17_03_2014_2
  18. ^ a b "Autonomous Republic of Crimea – Information card". Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. Retrieved February 22, 2007.
  19. ^ Ziad, Waleed (February 20, 2007). "A lesson in stifling violent extremism". CS Monitor. Retrieved March 26, 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ "Infobox card – Avtonomna Respublika Krym". Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Retrieved February 23, 2007.

External links

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