Russian separatist forces in Ukraine: Difference between revisions

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**[[File:Всевеликое войско Донское (шеврон).png|21px]] '''[[Don Cossacks|Cossack National Guard]]''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|Казачья Национальная Гвардия}}) - [[Registered Cossacks of the Russian Federation|Don Cossack]] volunteer group commanded by ataman Nikolai Kozitsyn.<ref>[http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=42747&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7&cHash=4e14ec65cf3d9f31d505de3857c4e248#.VA3KT_l_u0c The Cossack Factor in Ukrainian War] Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 11 Issue: 149, [[Jamestown Foundation]], 13 August 2014</ref> Initially, this group was identified as [[Spetsnaz GRU|Russian Special Forces]] by the [[United States Department of State|U.S. State Department]] following the takeover of the Sloviansk city council.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/22/-sp-does-us-evidence-prove-russian-special-forces-are-in-eastern-ukraine|title=Does US evidence prove Russian special forces are in eastern Ukraine? |agency=The Guardian |date=22 April 2014 |accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref> As of November 2014, the group controls the city of [[Perevalsk]] where capital punishment was instated in order to deter crime.<ref name="Don Army"/> According to Kozitsyn, there are thousands of men under his command.<ref name="Don Army"/>
**[[File:Всевеликое войско Донское (шеврон).png|21px]] '''[[Don Cossacks|Cossack National Guard]]''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|Казачья Национальная Гвардия}}) - [[Registered Cossacks of the Russian Federation|Don Cossack]] volunteer group commanded by ataman Nikolai Kozitsyn.<ref>[http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=42747&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7&cHash=4e14ec65cf3d9f31d505de3857c4e248#.VA3KT_l_u0c The Cossack Factor in Ukrainian War] Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 11 Issue: 149, [[Jamestown Foundation]], 13 August 2014</ref> Initially, this group was identified as [[Spetsnaz GRU|Russian Special Forces]] by the [[United States Department of State|U.S. State Department]] following the takeover of the Sloviansk city council.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/22/-sp-does-us-evidence-prove-russian-special-forces-are-in-eastern-ukraine|title=Does US evidence prove Russian special forces are in eastern Ukraine? |agency=The Guardian |date=22 April 2014 |accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref> As of November 2014, the group controls the city of [[Perevalsk]] where capital punishment was instated in order to deter crime.<ref name="Don Army"/> According to Kozitsyn, there are thousands of men under his command.<ref name="Don Army"/>
*[[File:Flag of the Ghost Brigade.svg|24px]] '''Prizrak Brigade''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|[[:ru:Призрак (батальон)|Бригада Призрак]]}}, meaning "Ghost Brigade") - Commanded by [[Aleksey Mozgovoy]].<ref>[http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=42746&tx_ttnews&#91;backPid&#93;=228&cHash=779da9dd109e25f14d4c0fe4614afa53#.VAnQYWNKhD0 Russia’s Donetsk Proxies Anticipate Ukrainian Siege] [[Jamestown Foundation]], Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 11 Issue: 149. 13 August 2014</ref> Formed in [[Luhansk]] in April 2014 and firstly was a [[platoon]]. But then increased to a battalion and a brigade. At the end of August it had 1,000 fighters.<ref>[http://www.kp.ru/daily/26223/3106212/ Мозговой штурм: раскол в рядах луганских ополченцев] // [[Komsomolskaya Pravda]], 28 August 2014</ref>
*[[File:Flag of the Ghost Brigade.svg|24px]] '''Prizrak Brigade''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|[[:ru:Призрак (батальон)|Бригада Призрак]]}}, meaning "Ghost Brigade") - Commanded by [[Aleksey Mozgovoy]].<ref>[http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=42746&tx_ttnews&#91;backPid&#93;=228&cHash=779da9dd109e25f14d4c0fe4614afa53#.VAnQYWNKhD0 Russia’s Donetsk Proxies Anticipate Ukrainian Siege] [[Jamestown Foundation]], Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 11 Issue: 149. 13 August 2014</ref> Formed in [[Luhansk]] in April 2014 and firstly was a [[platoon]]. But then increased to a battalion and a brigade. At the end of August it had 1,000 fighters.<ref>[http://www.kp.ru/daily/26223/3106212/ Мозговой штурм: раскол в рядах луганских ополченцев] // [[Komsomolskaya Pravda]], 28 August 2014</ref>
**[[File:PiotrBiriukovCommunistUnit.jpg|20px]] '''[[Communist Unit]]''' - Internationalist volunteer group commanded by Piotr Biriukov.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kcpn.info/|title=Координационный центр помощи Новороссии|trans_title=Coordinational Centre for the assistance of Novorossia|language=Russian|publisher=kcpn.info/|accessdate=5 January 2015}}</ref>
**[[File:PiotrBiriukovCommunistUnit.jpg|20px]] '''[[Unit #404]]''' - International Communist volunteer group commanded by Piotr Biriukov.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kcpn.info/|title=Координационный центр помощи Новороссии|trans_title=Coordinational Centre for the assistance of Novorossia|language=Russian|publisher=kcpn.info/|accessdate=5 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHSa5-frsms|title=Greetings from Communist fighters of "Unit #404"|language=English}}</ref>
*[[File:SSI of the Zarya Battalion.svg|20px]] '''Zarya Battalion''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|[[:ru:Заря (батальон)|Батальон Заря]]}}, meaning "Dawn Battalion") - Commanded by Andrei Patrushev. Includes Russian volunteers - [[National Bolshevik Party|national-bolsheviks]],<ref>[http://www.novorosinform.org/news/id/14371 Нацболы отбили атаку карателей в ЛНР]. novorosinform.org</ref><ref>[http://interbrigada.org/nacboly-otbili-ataku-karatelej/ Нацболы отбили атаку карателей в ЛНР]. interbrigada.org</ref> members of [[The Other Russia (party)|The Other Russia]].<ref>[http://drugoros.ru/news/4137.html В бою под Луганском погиб Илья Гурьев]. drugoros.ru</ref><ref>[http://drugoros.ru/news/4177.html Нацбол Кирилл Манулин представлен к ордену]. drugoros.ru</ref>
*[[File:SSI of the Zarya Battalion.svg|20px]] '''Zarya Battalion''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|[[:ru:Заря (батальон)|Батальон Заря]]}}, meaning "Dawn Battalion") - Commanded by Andrei Patrushev. Includes Russian volunteers - [[National Bolshevik Party|national-bolsheviks]],<ref>[http://www.novorosinform.org/news/id/14371 Нацболы отбили атаку карателей в ЛНР]. novorosinform.org</ref><ref>[http://interbrigada.org/nacboly-otbili-ataku-karatelej/ Нацболы отбили атаку карателей в ЛНР]. interbrigada.org</ref> members of [[The Other Russia (party)|The Other Russia]].<ref>[http://drugoros.ru/news/4137.html В бою под Луганском погиб Илья Гурьев]. drugoros.ru</ref><ref>[http://drugoros.ru/news/4177.html Нацбол Кирилл Манулин представлен к ордену]. drugoros.ru</ref>
*[[File:Шеврон Батальона Леший.jpg|20px]] '''Leshyi Battalion''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|Батальон Леший}}, meaning "Forest-spirit Battalion")
*[[File:Шеврон Батальона Леший.jpg|20px]] '''Leshyi Battalion''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|Батальон Леший}}, meaning "Forest-spirit Battalion")

Revision as of 14:02, 28 January 2015

United Armed Forces of Novorossiya
Объединённые Вооруженные Силы Новороссии
War flag of Novorossiya
Founded3 March 2014[1]
(Donbass People's Militia)
Current form16 September 2014[2]
HeadquartersKrasnodon
Leadership
Minister of DefenceVladimir Kononov
(Donetsk People's Republic)
Oleg Bugrov
(Lugansk People's Republic)
Personnel
Active personnel10,000[3] – 20,000[4]

The United Armed Forces of Novorossiya (Russian: Объединённые Вооруженные Силы Новороссии),[2][5] formerly the Donbass People's Militia (Russian: "Наро́дное ополче́ние Донба́сса")[6][7] and the Army of the South-East (Russian: "А́рмия Ю́го-Восто́ка"), are both militias and armed volunteer groups affiliated with the Federal State of Novorossiya. It is regarded as a terrorist group by the Ukrainian government. When it was called "Donbass People's Militia", it was mostly active in the Donetsk Oblast. The Donbass People's Militia was formed by Pavel Gubarev, who was elected "People's Governor" of Donetsk Oblast by pro-Russian protesters.[8] Since then, it has fought a war against the Ukrainian government in the Donbass region of Ukraine. The militia was accused by the Ukrainian government of culpability in the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 on 17 July 2014. The armed wing of the Lugansk People's Republic, the Army of the South-East, was merged into the militia on 16 September 2014, forming the "United Armed Forces of Novorossiya".[2]

It is widely believed that the rebels are supported by Russian armed forces.[9] Numerous Russian troops have been detained in Ukraine, and, although the Russian government often denies direct involvement stating that these men were there voluntarily and not under orders, some of them were detained riding their combat vehicles with documents proving their origin in Russian armed forces.[10] Moreover, separatists admitted receiving supplies from Russia and being trained there. BBC reported that separatist ranks are composed of thousands of Russian citizens, and NATO accused Russia of deploying their regular troops into Ukraine.[10][11] Registered Cossacks of the Russian Federation have been reported to be supporting separatists in the conflict as well. DPR prime minister Alexander Zakharchenko claims that there are around 3,000 to 4,000 Russian volunteers fighting for the militia, which includes current and many retired Russian Army servicemen.[12]

History

Pro-Russian rally in Donetsk on April 6, 2014

On April 6, 2014, 2,000 pro-Russian protesters rallied outside the regional administration building in Donetsk.[13] In the same day, groups of protesters in Eastern Ukraine stormed the regional administration buildings in Donetsk, Kharkiv, and the SBU headquarters in Luhansk.[8] The groups created a people's council and demanded a referendum like in Crimea.[13] Within a few days, several government buildings in cities such as Kramatorsk and Sloviansk were also stormed.[14][15][nb 1] On April 12, the supporters of the Donetsk People's Republic and members of Donbass People's Militia set up checkpoints and barricades in Sloviansk.[25] The same day, former members of the Donetsk "Berkut" unit joined the ranks of the Donbass People's Militia.[26] On April 13, the newly established Ukrainian government gave the separatists a deadline to disarm or face a "full-scale anti-terrorist campaign" in the region.[27] Later that day, the first reports of fighting was reported between the people's militia and Ukrainian troops near Sloviansk, with casualties on both sides.[28][29] On April 14, members of the Donbass People's Militia blocked Ukrainian military KrAZ truck's armed with Grad missiles from entering the city.[30][31]

Sloviansk city council under control of Don Cossacks on April 14, 2014

On April 15, a full scale "counter-terrorism" operation was launched by the Ukrainian government with aim of restoring their authority over the area's seized by the militia.[32]

Vostok Battalion members in Donetsk on May 9, 2014

On April 16, the militia entered Sloviansk with six BMD airborne amphibious tracked infantry fighting vehicles[33][34] they obtained from parts of the 25th Airborne Brigade[35] who had switched allegiance.[36][37][38][39] The "occupants" were disarmed after the vehicles were blockaded by locals.[40] The militia also received one self-propelled 120 mm mortar 2S9 "Nona-S"[41][42] On April 20, an unidentified armed group in civilian clothes attacked a Militia checkpoint at the entrance to the city of Sloviansk. Three attackers and three members of Militia were killed.[43] On May 14, eight members of Militia seized an IMR armored vehicle from Novokramatorsky Mashinostroitelny Zavod.[44]

On May 15, the Donbass People's Militia sent an ultimatum to Kiev. They ordered the withdraw all Ukrainian troops from Donetsk oblast.[45] On May 17, several members of the militia seized two BRDM unarmed armored vehicles from Severodonetsk and Lysychansk (Luhansk Oblast)[46] On May 22, the Federal State of Novorossiya was declared. On May 23, several members of people's militia seized another BRDM-RKh unarmed armored vehicle from Loskutovka (Luhansk Oblast)[47]

The militia were widely suspected to be involved in the downing of a civilian airliner, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, on 17 July 2014.[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]

On August 8, the militia claimed that after battles near border with Russia, they captured 67 pieces of equipment with varying status (serviceable equipment without ammunition and fuel, with faults, damaged in battle and completely unusable), including 18 multiple rocket launching systems "Grad", 15 tanks and armored personnel carriers, howitzers, MANPADS, etc.[56] As of August 12, the militia has at least 200 armored vehicles.[57]

The months of July and early August were disastrous for the militias with many analysts saying they were on the verge of defeat before a sudden counteroffensive, which the Ukrainian Government claims was supported by Russian troops, encircled thousands of Ukrainian troops and forced them into a retreat.[58] The militias soon re-captured several strategic positions such as Savur-Mohyla and Luhansk International Airport.[59] The armies of both the Donetsk People's Republic and Lugansk People's Republic merged on 16 September 2014 to form the "United Armed Forces of Novorossiya".[2][60]

Structure

The militia consist of different armed groups, which took the oath for Donetsk People's Republic. Militant groups which refused to do it were disarmed as gangs.[61]

Combat forces

Flag of the Vostok Battalion
Flag of the Sparta Battalion

Donetsk People's Republic

Donbass People's Militia

  • North Battalion (Russian: Батальон Север) (unofficial)[62]
  • Patriotic Forces of Donbass[63] (Russian: Патриотические Силы Донбасса)
  • File:Battalion Oplot SSI.png Oplot Battalion (Russian: Батальон Оплот, meaning "Bulwark Battalion") - Commanded by Alexander Zakharchenko.[66]
  • Miner Division (Russian: Шахтёрская дивизия) - Founded shortly after the rebel withdrawal from Sloviansk and Kramatorsk. It is commanded by Konstantin Kuzmin. Fighters typically range from ages 22–60. Composed of former coal miners.[67]
  • Steppe Battalion[69]
  • Russian Orthodox Army (Russian: Русская Православная Армия) - One of the armed groups, which control Donetsk, formed mostly by locals from depressive miner towns.[70] It reportedly had 100 members at the time of its founding. According to Ukrainian sources, in June 2014 has at least 350 fighters.[71] According to independent sources as fighting between separatists and the Ukrainian government worsened in Donbass, membership rose to 4,000.[72]
  • Battalion of DPR Security Service (Russian: Батальон службы безопасности Донецкой народной республики)[68]
  • International Battalions - Includes Russian, Chechen, Greeks, Ossetian, Polish, Hungarian, Serbian, Latvian, Belarusian, Uzbek, French, Italian, Spanish, Armenian, Jewish and other volunteers.[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85]
    • Legion of Saint Stephen (Russian: Легион Святого Иштвана) - Hungarian subgroup of international battalions.[75]
    • Jovan Šević Detachment (Russian: Отряд Йован Шевич) - Serbian Chetnik-led group commanded by Bratislav Živković, has 250 fighters.[86]
    • File:Unite-continentale.jpg Continental Unit (French: Unité Continentale) - French, Serbian and Brazilian volunteer group.[87]
    • Israel Aliya Battalion (Russian: Батальон Алия) - Jewish volunteer group.[88]
    • Chechnya Death Battalion (Russian: Батальон Смерть) - Chechen volunteer group.[89]
  • Sparta Battalion (Russian: Батальон Спарта) - Also known as "Motorola's Division", special forces unit led by Arseny Pavlov. Includes Russians, fighters typically have helmets and modern personal equipment.
  • Somalia Battalion (Russian: Батальон Сомали) - Independent tactical group led by Mikhail Tolstykh, better known as Givi.

Lugansk People's Republic

Army of the South-East

Disbanded

United Battalions of the DPR and LPR[102]

  • North Battalion
  • Prizrak Battalion - Expanded to Prizrak Brigade.[citation needed]

Non-combat units

  • Novorossiya Humanitarian Battalion (Russian: Гуманитарный батальон «Новороссия») - non-combat unit involved in protecting the delivery of humanitarian aid.[103]

Commanders

Prime Minister of the DPR, Alexander Zakharchenko

Flags and symbols

Multiple flags and symbols are often used by the armed forces:

Equipment

Main article: List of equipment of the United Armed Forces of Novorossiya

According to the Donetsk People's Republic all its military equipment is "hardware that we took from the Ukrainian military".[107] However, according to the Ukrainian government and the United States Department of State this is a false statement and claim the separatists have received military equipment from Russia, including multiple rocket launch systems and tanks.[108] Despite the fact that Russian officials deny supplying arms to the militia, numerous evidence proves that it is true.[108][109] In August 2014 Ukrainian Defense Minister Valeriy Heletey claimed the proof for the weapons supply from Russia was that the fighters of the Donbass People's Militia were using Russian-made weapons that were never used (or bought) by the Ukrainian army.[110]

Relationship with Russia

As the conflict intensified, the Donbass People's Militia was bolstered with many volunteers from the former Soviet Union, mainly Russia; including fighters from Chechnya and North Ossetia.[111]

According to the Ukrainian government and the United States Department of State the Donbass People's Militia have received military equipment from Russia, including Russian tanks and multiple rocket launchers.[108] Russia denied doing this and has described the Russian citizens fighting with the Donbass People's Militia as volunteers.[108][112] The Donetsk People's Republic claimed on 16 August 2014 it had received (together with 30 tanks and 120 other armoured vehicles of undisclosed origin) 1,200 "individuals who have gone through training over a four-month period on the territory of the Russian Federation".[113][114] The Donetsk People's Republic claims it has not received military equipment from Russia; but that all its military equipment is "hardware that we took from the Ukrainian military".[107] In August 2014 Ukrainian Defense Minister Valeriy Heletey disputed this claim because (according to him) the fighters of the Donbass People's Militia were using Russian-made weapons that were never used (or bought) by the Ukrainian army; and which thus had to been supplied to them from Russia.[110]

The injured of the Donbass People's Militia are exclusively treated in Russia.[111] For example in hospitals in Donetsk, Russia; the Donetsk Central Hospital in this city (in mid-August) saw between 10 and 20 injured fighters daily.[111] The Russian Emergency Ministry did help with treatment logistics.[111] The injured were also questioned and registered by the (Russian) Federal Security Service.[111]

Post-War in Donbass

The injured of the Donbass People's Militia treated in Russia mid-August 2014 claimed they could not return to Ukraine if the Ukrainian army would win the War in Donbass.[111] They stated that if Ukraine would win the War in Donbass they would hold a partisan warfare-campaign in Eastern Ukraine.[111]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Since 13 April 2014 all government buildings in Kharkiv are fully under Ukrainian control.[16][17][18][19][19][20][21][22][23] Kharkiv returned to relative calm by 30 April.[24]

References

  1. ^ "Самым неспокойным городом Украины в последние дни неожиданно стал Донецк. «Народное ополчение Донбасса» ... еще 3 марта взяло штурмом областную администрацию"
    Русский и бессмысленный // LENTA.RU от 6 марта 2014
  2. ^ a b c d ДНР и ЛНР приступили к созданию Армии Новороссии. Novorossiya (in Russian). 16 September 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  3. ^ Ukraine's next battle is Donetsk, but no bombs, please. USA Today. 12 July 2014.
  4. ^ The army of the Lugansk and Donetsk People's Republics has 20,000 fighters - Gubarev. Information Telegraph Agency of Russia. 9 July 2014
  5. ^ "Donetsk, Luhansk armies to form armed forces". Information Telegraph Agency of Russia. 16 September 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  6. ^ Жители Славянска поддержали «Народное ополчение Донбасса» // "Взгляд.RU" от 12 апреля 2014
  7. ^ ""Народное ополчение Донбасса" строит баррикады"
    Протесты в Славянске Донецкой области // "ИТАР-ТАСС" от 13 апреля 2014
  8. ^ a b c "In northeast Ukraine, pro-Maidan occupiers are routed by counter-demonstrators". The Washington Post. March 1, 2014.
  9. ^ "Ukraine crisis: 'Thousands of Russians' fighting in east". BBC. 28 Aug 2014.
  10. ^ a b "Captured Russian troops 'in Ukraine by accident'". BBC. 26 Aug 2014.
  11. ^ "Ukrainians say Russian troops captured them in east Ukraine". Reuters. 29 Sep 2014.
  12. ^ Around 3-4 thousand Russian volunteers fighting for Donetsk People’s Republic militia. Information Telegraph Agency of Russia. 28 August 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  13. ^ a b "Pro-Russia Protesters Storm Government Buildings In Eastern Ukrainian Cities". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. April 6, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  14. ^ "Pro-Russian activists seize Interior Ministry branch in southeast Ukraine". GlobalPost. April 12, 2014.
  15. ^ "Ukraine crisis: Another police building seized in east". BBC. April 12, 2014.
  16. ^ "Pro-Russia activists declare establishment of 'Kharkiv people's republic'". Focus Information Agency. 7 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  17. ^ "Pro-Russian Protesters Declare 'People's Republic' In Kharkiv". LiveLeak.com. 7 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  18. ^ "Kharkiv settles down, while pro-Russian separatists still hold buildings in Luhansk, Donetsk". Kyiv Post. 8 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  19. ^ a b "Kharkiv city government building infiltrated by pro-Russian protesters". Kyiv Post. 13 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  20. ^ "Кернес пообіцяв допомогти звільнити затриманих сепаратистів | Українська правда". Pravda.com.ua. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  21. ^ Kharkiv torn between Europe and Russia, Deutsche Welle (6 March 2014)
  22. ^ "После нападения антимайдановцев на митинг Евромайдана в Харькове пострадало 50 человек : Новости УНИАН". Unian.net. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  23. ^ "Latest from the Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine". Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
  24. ^ "Latest from the Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine – based on information received up until 29 April 2014" (Press release). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 30 April 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  25. ^ На одном из блокпостов около Славянска слышна стрельба и взрывы // "Первый канал" от 13 апреля 2014
  26. ^ «Это наши люди» // «Взгляд.RU» от 12 апреля 2014
  27. ^ "Ukraine gives rebels deadline to disarm or face military operation". Reuters. April 13, 2014.
  28. ^ "Ukraine crisis: Casualties in Sloviansk gun battles". BBC News. 13 April 2014.
  29. ^ "Ukraine Army Launches 'Anti-Terror' Operation". Sky News via Yahoo! News. 13 April 2014.
  30. ^ Народное ополчение Донбасса задержало грузовики со снарядами для "Града" на въезде в Славянск // "Интерфакс" от 14 апреля 2014
  31. ^ "Представители "Народного ополчения Донбасса" задержали грузовик со снарядами к реактивной системе залпового огня (РСЗО) "Град" на одном из блок-постов возле города Славянск Донецкой области. Об этом сообщили 13 апреля местные СМИ. Источники в силовых структурах признали факт задержания "грузовика с вооружением", отметив, что задержанный автомобиль КрАЗ принадлежит Национальной гвардии Украины"
    СМИ: манифестанты задержали возле Славянска грузовик со снарядами к РСЗО "Град" // ИТАР-ТАСС от 14 апреля 2014
  32. ^ "Ukraine launches counter-terrorism operation in Donetsk region". UPI. April 15, 2014.
  33. ^ "На сторону ополченцев в Славянске перешло уже около 60 военных". RIA. 16 April 2014.
  34. ^ "власти Украины признали, что шесть боевых машин десанта (БМД) у армии отобрали ополченцы"
    Колонна украинской бронетехники под Краматорском прорвала "блокаду" местных жителей, угрожая гранатой // NEWSRU.COM от 16 апреля 2014
  35. ^ "За здачу зброї десантниками у Краматорську відкрито провадження". ukrinform.ua. 17 April 2014.
  36. ^ "Pro-Russian troops enter Ukraine city". Irish Independent. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
  37. ^ "Ukraine crisis: combat vehicles with pro-Russian troops enter town". 16 April 2014.
  38. ^ "Six Ukrainian Army Vehicles Join Pro-Federalist Protesters in Kramatorsk". RIA Novosti.
  39. ^ "In Ukraine, a crisis of bullets and economics". Washington Post.
  40. ^ "Ukraine crisis: Military column 'seized' in Kramatorsk". BBC News.
  41. ^ "самоходная артиллерийская установка «Нона»... была добровольна отдана сопротивлению десантниками 25-й аэромобильной бригады из Днепропетровска в середине апреля"
    Как устроена десантная машина «Нона» - символ сопротивления Донецкой республики // "Московский комсомолец" от 13 мая 2014
  42. ^ Самооборона Славянска обстреляла Нацгвардию из самоходной установки «Нона» // "Взгляд.RU" от 12 мая 2014
  43. ^ Атака на блокпост в Славянске: шестеро погибших // DELFI.LV от 20 апреля 2014
  44. ^ Вооруженные люди вывезли с Новокраматорского завода списанную инженерную машину разграждения // "Интерфакс - Украина" от 14 мая 2014
  45. ^ Ополченцы Донбасса поставили Киеву ультиматум // LENTA.RU от 15 мая 2014
  46. ^ На Луганщине боевики похитили две БРДМ из пожарно-спасательных частей // УНИАН от 18 мая 2014
  47. ^ Ополченцы захватили машину разведки на Луганщине // "iPress.UA" от 23 мая 2014
  48. ^ Miller, Christopher. "Rebel Commander: 'We Did Warn You — Do Not Fly in Our Sky'".
  49. ^ Sterbenz, Christina (July 17, 2014). "Rebel Leader: 'We Have Warned Them — Not To Fly In "Our Sky"' Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/igor-strelkov-comments-on-malaysia-mh17-2014-7#ixzz37mDNU3Be". Business Insider. {{cite news}}: External link in |title= (help)
  50. ^ Zverev, Anton (Jul 17, 2014). "Malaysian airliner downed in Ukraine war zone, 295 dead". Reuters.
  51. ^ "Ukraine Separatist Social Media Site Claims Plane Downing". July 18, 2014.
  52. ^ "Katastrofa malezyjskiego samolotu na granicy rosyjsko-ukraińskiej. Prawie 300 ofiar. Prezydent Ukrainy: Mógł zostać zestrzelony". Gazeta.pl. 17 July 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-07-26. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
  53. ^ CSMonitor.com - Web evidence points to rebels in downing of MH17
  54. ^ Ополченцы сообщили о сбитом Ан-26 на востоке Украины (in Russian). LifeNews. 7 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014. On July 17 near the village of Rassypnoye over the Torez city in Donetsk region an An-26 transport plane of Ukrainian Air Force was taken down, said the militia. According to them, the plane crashed somewhere near the "Progress" mine, away from residential areas. According to one of the militias, at approximately 17:30 local time an An-26 flew over the city. It was hit by a rocket, there was an explosion and the plane went to the ground, leaving a black smoke. Debris fell from the sky
  55. ^ Yuhas, Alan (7 July 2014). "Malaysia Airlines plane MH17 crashes in Ukraine - live updates". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
  56. ^ ДНР заявляет о захвате около 70 единиц военной техники силовиков|DPR claimed capturing about 70 pieces of military equipment // RIA Novosti, 8 August 2014
  57. ^ Для контрнаступления под Донецком ополченцы подготовили 200 бронемашин| For a counter-offensive near Donetsk militia prepared 200 armored vehicles// Vesti.ru, 12 August 2014
  58. ^ "After Re-Establishing Supply Lines, Ukrainian Separatists Launch Counteroffensive". Forbes. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  59. ^ "Ukraine crisis: Troops abandon Luhansk airport after clashes". BBC. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  60. ^ "Kremlin-backed rebels form Novorossiya army". Kyiv Post. 16 September 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  61. ^ "Бойцы народного ополчения Донбасса принесли присягу провозглашенной ДНР - Fighters of Donbass People's Militia took the oath for DPR (in Russian)". ТАСС.
  62. ^ "Батальон "Донбасс": второй бой под Карловкой" (in Russian). Profi-forex.org. 6 July 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  63. ^ Патриотические силы Донбасса (in Russian). Patriotic Forces of Donbass.
  64. ^ "Vostok Brigade emblem". pbs.twimg.com. Archived from the original on 2014-11-12. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  65. ^ "Патриотические силы Донбасса: Сводка от бригады "Восток": опровержение о боях в Ясиноватой". Patriotic Forces of Donbass.
  66. ^ "Сводка от Стрелкова 24.07.2014 -Summary from Strelkov 24 July 2014". Информационный Корпус - Помощь Ополчению.
  67. ^ "В ДНР формируется Шахтерская дивизия-Miner Division formed in DPR". Российская газета.
  68. ^ a b "Три батальона ополченцев готовы отправиться в "горячие точки" Донецкой области -Three battalions of volunteers ready to go to the "hot spots" of Donetsk region (in Russian)". vesti.ru.
  69. ^ "Герои Новороссии -Heroes of Novorossiya".
  70. ^ "In the wake of Donbass Separatist: who are fighting on the side of the DPR?". DW.DE.
  71. ^ "What is in the "DPR" scheme hierarchy of separatists". Зеркало недели - Дзеркало тижня - Mirror Weekly.
  72. ^ Albina Kovalyova. ""Meet the Russian Orthodox Army, Ukrainian Separatists' Shock Troops". / NBC News. 16 May 2014". NBC News.
  73. ^ "Бородай признал, что за ДНР воюют добровольцы с Северного Кавказа-Boroday acknowledged that volunteers from the North Caucasus are fighting for DPR (in Russian)".
  74. ^ "СМИ: В боях на Украине участвуют ветераны войны в Южной Осетии- Media: Battles in Ukraine involve veterans from war in South Ossetia (in Russian)".
  75. ^ a b "В Донецке сформированы венгерские и польские интербригады -In Donetsk, Hungarian and Polish Brigade is formed (in Russian)". Новый День – Новый Регион.
  76. ^ "Добровольцы из Сербии едут на Донбасс - Volunteers from Serbia going to Donbass". Блокнот.
  77. ^ "Latvian Volunteers Head to Donetsk Republic, Plan to Join Militia (in English)". RIA Novosti.
  78. ^ "How Belarusians are fighting in Ukraine (in Russian)". Росбалт.
  79. ^ "The Two Sides of Volunteers in Ukraine". teleSUR. 21 August 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  80. ^ "'I was a separatist fighter in Ukraine'". The Guardian. 15 July 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  81. ^ Госпогранслужба: среди террористов есть абхазцы (in Russian). LB.ua. 28 May 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  82. ^ BACZYNSKA, GABRIELA (1 June 2014). "More foreign fighters break cover among Ukraine separatists". Reuters.
  83. ^ "Uzbeks Adding To Ranks of Ukraine's Pro-Russian Separatists". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 25 June 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
  84. ^ Weaver, Courtney (27 May 2014). "Chechens join pro-Russians in battle foreast Ukraine". Financial Times.
  85. ^ Ukraine war pulls in foreign fighters BBC 31 August 2014
  86. ^ "For what are fighting the Serbian Chetniks in eastern Ukraine?". DW.DE.
  87. ^ Ukraine : des volontaires français dans une brigade pro-russe nouvelobs, 26 july 2014
  88. ^ В поддержку ДНР прибыл израильский спецназ Алия - заместитель Губарева Korrespondent, 3 June 2014
  89. ^ Gayle, Damian. "Chechen Muslim 'Death Battalion' joins Russia's war in Ukraine". Daily Mail. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  90. ^ a b c Ukraine rebels warlords "Ukraine rebels a disunited front run by warlords". Associated Press. 10 November 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2014. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  91. ^ Cossack against cossack Svetlana Bolotnikova, openDemocracy, 30 July 2014
  92. ^ The Cossack Factor in Ukrainian War Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 11 Issue: 149, Jamestown Foundation, 13 August 2014
  93. ^ "Does US evidence prove Russian special forces are in eastern Ukraine?". The Guardian. 22 April 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
  94. ^ Russia’s Donetsk Proxies Anticipate Ukrainian Siege Jamestown Foundation, Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 11 Issue: 149. 13 August 2014
  95. ^ Мозговой штурм: раскол в рядах луганских ополченцев // Komsomolskaya Pravda, 28 August 2014
  96. ^ "Координационный центр помощи Новороссии" (in Russian). kcpn.info/. Retrieved 5 January 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  97. ^ [www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHSa5-frsms "Greetings from Communist fighters of "Unit #404""]. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  98. ^ Нацболы отбили атаку карателей в ЛНР. novorosinform.org
  99. ^ Нацболы отбили атаку карателей в ЛНР. interbrigada.org
  100. ^ В бою под Луганском погиб Илья Гурьев. drugoros.ru
  101. ^ Нацбол Кирилл Манулин представлен к ордену. drugoros.ru
  102. ^ "Ополченцы уничтожили 10 единиц украинской бронетехники в боях у Саур-Могилы-Militiamen destroyed 10 Ukrainian armored vehicles in battle near Saur-Mohila (in Russian)".
  103. ^ Наталия КУДРЯШОВА. "Сбор лекарств для юго-востока Украины: первая партия, собранная саратовцами, доставлена на границу - Collection of medicine for the south-east of Ukraine: the first batch collected in Saratov, delivered at the border (in Russian)".
  104. ^ Ополчение юго-востока Украины провело перегруппировку сил |Militia in south-east Ukraine conducted regrouping // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 12 April 2014
  105. ^ "Pro-Russian rebels take Ukrainian town". CNN Video.
  106. ^ "Prisoners of 'Demon' in war-torn Ukraine". BBC. 9 August 2014.
  107. ^ a b Donetsk Republic prime minister says militia ready for reasonable talks with Kiev, ITAR-TASS (19 August 2014)
  108. ^ a b c d US: Separatists in eastern Ukraine have weapons, military equipment from Russia, Fox News (June 13, 2014)
  109. ^ Jonathan Marcus (August 27, 2014). "Ukraine crisis: T-72 tank shoots hole in Russian denial". BBC News. Retrieved November 29, 2014.
  110. ^ a b Militants have Russian weapons that have never been in service with Ukrainian army - Heletei, Interfax-Ukraine (22 August 2014)
  111. ^ a b c d e f g Ukraine’s injured rebels vow to fight on, Financial Times (18 August 2014)
  112. ^ Template:Uk icon Putin said that any "reinforcement" DNRivtsyam not sent, Ukrayinska Pravda (3 August 2014)
  113. ^ 30 tanks and 1,200 troops just crossed from Russia into Ukraine, according to the rebels, Vox Media (16 August 2014)
  114. ^ Top Ukraine Rebel Leader Says Troops Training in Russia, Newsweek (16 August 2014)

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