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Spümcø

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Spümcø, Inc.
Company typeStudio
IndustryAnimation
Founded1989; 35 years ago (1989)[1]
FounderJohn Kricfalusi
Bob Camp
Jim Smith
Lynne Naylor[2]
DefunctJuly 18, 2005; 19 years ago (July 18, 2005)
FateClosed
Headquarters
Los Angeles, California
Key people
  • John Kricfalusi, president and co-founder
  • Stephen W. Worth, producer and animation historian
  • Kevin Kolde, vice-president and general manager
Products
WebsiteSpumco's Wonderful World of Cartoons!

Spumco, Inc. (stylized as Spümcø) was an American animation studio which was active from 1989 to 2005 and based in Los Angeles, California. The studio was best known for working on the first two seasons of The Ren & Stimpy Show and for various commercials.[3] It won several awards, including an Annie Award for Best Animated Short Subject, for the Björk music video "I Miss You".[4]

Spümcø was founded by animators John Kricfalusi, Bob Camp, Jim Smith, and Lynne Naylor.[5] Kricfalusi named the company after the fictional "Raymond Spum", whom he jokingly described as the inventor of animation.[6] Spümcø's first original animated series production was The Ren & Stimpy Show, which was sold to Nickelodeon in 1988.[7] The Golden Age of American animation, exemplified by, for example, the 1940s cartoons by Bob Clampett and Tex Avery, served for inspiration for the surreal and highly expressive house style for which Spümcø became well-known.[8][9]

History

Origin

John Kricfalusi, head of Spümcø

Throughout the 1980s, animators John Kricfalusi and Lynne Naylor, attempted to sell original cartoon ideas while working for various animation studios. including Filmation.[6][relevant?] One of their ideas was Ren & Stimpy, but the show was rejected by the three major US television networks.[6] Spümcø was officially founded Hollywood in 1989 by cartoonists Kricfalusi, Naylor, Bob Camp and Jim Smith, who were all disappointed at the state of animation and had either been laid off or quit from other animation companies.[6] Soon thereafter, Nickelodeon announced that they were looking for new cartoons, created by cartoonists.[7]

Kricfalusi explains the name Spümcø: "Well, it's a weird coincidence. The word spüm is the word for 'quality' in Danish. But it's actually named after Raymond Spüm, the guy who invented animation in 1856."[10] Spüm is not a Danish word and Raymond Spüm is a fictional figure.

The Spümcø headquarters were located in Los Angeles, west of Paramount Studios at 5625 Melrose Avenue in a bland concrete industrial building. Amy Harmon of The New York Times described the "not-quite-underground headquarters" as "a nondescript building".[11]

The Ren & Stimpy Show

Main article: The Ren & Stimpy Show
The Ren & Stimpy Show title card

A few months after founding Spümcø, Kricfalusi pitched five cartoon ideas to Nickelodeon. Geraldine Laybourne, the president of Nickelodeon at the time, picked two of these: Ren & Stimpy and Jimmy the Idiot Boy. Ultimately, Kricfalusi decided to sell Ren & Stimpy, which led to Spümcø's first animated series production, The Ren & Stimpy Show.[7]

Because Nickelodeon had no original cartoon material prior to the hiring of Kricfalusi, the network was unaware of the basic process of producing an animated cartoon.[7] Kricfalusi volunteered to give Nickelodeon executives an informative background of cartoonists using storyboards for storytelling in animated cartoons, rather than a script.[7] Vanessa Coffey, who became the executive for The Ren & Stimpy Show, listened to Kricfalusi's lessons and background briefing of the animation industry, and was pleased to learn about how the process works.[7] Coffey agreed with Kricfalusi that, "If storyboards were good enough for Bugs Bunny, they were good enough for her."[7]

Spümcø finished the pilot "Big House Blues" in October 1990 and it aired on August 11, 1991, premiering alongside Doug and Rugrats.[12] Spümcø continued to produce the show for the next two years, while encountering issues with Nickelodeon standards and practices. Over the next couple of years, a number of episodes were censored.

Kricfalusi described Nickelodeon in the earliest period as being "simple" as there was one executive, Coffey, whom he said that he got along with. Kricfalusi said that another executive, who came during a later period in the show, tried to prevent some of the Ren & Stimpy episodes from being produced. According to Kricfalusi, the episodes continued production since he had established a "trade" with Coffey of balancing "really crazy" episodes with "heart-warming" episodes.[13]

After Nickelodeon

Nickelodeon fired Kricfalusi in 1992, and Nickelodeon moved production from Spümcø to Games Animation.[14] Kricfalusi confirmed that the primary reason for the Nickelodeon executives' decision seemed to be due to the level of violence in Ren & Stimpy. He specifically referred to the episode "Man's Best Friend", which features Ren beating the character George Liquor with an oar, as the probable cause for his firing.[15] Nickelodeon banned the episode from airing; the episode did not air in North America until Ren & Stimpy "Adult Party Cartoon" began in 2003.[15]

Bill Wray, a production artist for Ren & Stimpy, described the main issues regarding Kricfalusi's conflict with Nickelodeon as not being able to meet deadlines for production. Wray stated that Kricfalusi attributed the delays to Nickelodeon "not approving things fast enough", and Nickelodeon staff members "changing their minds" over what can or cannot be produced. Wray said that Kricfalusi believed that the product's quality holds more importance than meeting deadlines, and that he perceived Nickelodeon as "slowing him down".[16] According to Wray, Kricfalusi believed, "[E]very step after the storyboards weakens the process", and that he "fought for the integrity of the storyboards", and lengthened production time because he wished to salvage the quality of the series.[17] Wray stated, "On some occasions Kricfalusi completed an episode in eight months. Other occasions, he completed an episode in two or three months." Wray described Kricfalusi's ideal production period per episode as four half-hour cartoons per year, and added that the arrangement would not "jibe with our production schedule".[18]

Kevin Kolde became a key figure of the company, working as a vice president and general manager, enabling Spümcø to continue producing content for over a decade after the original run of Ren & Stimpy.

In 1997, Björk, a long-time fan of Kricfalusi's work, insisted for him to do a video for her when they met at one of her concerts.[4] Kricfalusi subsequently directed the music video for "I Miss You", a single that was released the same year.[19] Bjork was pleased when she first saw John's storyboards, proclaiming "It's just like Christmas!".[4] The video was animated by the entire staff at Spümcø.[4] It premiered on MTV as well as Canada's MuchMusic channel and Asia's Channel V.[4] "I Miss You" won an Annie Award for Best Animated Short Subject in 1997, from the International Animated Film Association, ASIFA-Hollywood.[4]

File:BjorkScrnSht2.jpg
Björk and Jimmy the Idiot Boy in the music video for "I Miss You".

A variety of techniques were used for the production of the video: traditional 2-D cel animation by Spümcø and Colorkey Productions; 3-D computer animation supervised by Charlie Gibson at Rhythm & Hues; real-time motion capture animation by House of Moves; and blue screen mattes brought live-action into the mix.[4] The live-action sequences with Björk were shot in a Los Angeles studio in one day.[4] The entire music video took nine months to complete.[4]

File:GeorgeLiquorTowerRecords.png
George Liquor being used in Macromedia Flash in a commercial for Tower Records.

During 1997, Spümcø launched their web site, to provide cartoons without television network censorship.[20] Kricfalusi decided to use George Liquor, a cartoon character he created, to star in the Flash Internet cartoon series The Goddamn George Liquor Program.[20] The series premiered on October 15, 1997.[21] The Goddamn George Liquor Program was the first cartoon series to be produced exclusively for the Internet.[22] George appeared on the series with: his nephew, Jimmy The Idiot Boy; Jimmy's cousins, Slab and Ernie; Jimmy's love interest, Sody Pop; and George and Jimmy's pet dog, Dirty Dog. Spümcø produced eight one-minute shorts.[23] In 1999, The Goddamn George Liquor Program won an Annie Award for "Outstanding Achievement in an Animated Interactive Production".[24]

In 1999, Spümcø created its second Internet-only cartoon series, Weekend Pussy Hunt.[25] The series had 12 episodes, with 4 cartoons unfinished due to budget problems. The series starred Dirty Dog and Cigarettes the Cat. When asked about the style of the cartoon series, creator Kricfalusi stated:

Its style was a 1940s live action film-noir movie and we based one of the characters "Dirty Dog", on one of my favourite movie actors Robert Ryan. "WPH (Weekend Pussy Hunt)" was basically a chase movie; a really dark hardboiled thriller.[26]

— John Kricfalusi, interview, TV Freak Feature

In 1999, Spümcø produced and animated a Yogi Bear TV special titled Boo Boo Runs Wild, which premiered September 24, 1999, on Cartoon Network.[27] The animated short focuses on Yogi Bear's sidekick, Boo Boo Bear, who becomes fed up with the rules of man and decides to return to his natural bear roots.[27] Though it focused primarily on Yogi and Boo Boo, it was titled as a "Ranger Smith cartoon". A second "Ranger Smith" cartoon aired alongside it, titled A Day in the Life of Ranger Smith.[28] The story focused on Ranger Smith in his daily routine.[28]

Return to television

After Nickelodeon fired Kricfalusi from The Ren & Stimpy Show in September 1992, he had plans to make a feature film starring the world's "manliest men".[29] The feature film plan was scrapped, but the characters were then used in the 2001 animated series, The Ripping Friends. As early as a 1987 story session for the Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures, Kricfalusi had proposed using a wad of gum as a character, an idea which was used to create the first villain for the new series, Indigestible Wad.[30] The Ripping Friends premiered on September 22, 2001, and ran until January 26, 2002.[31]

During 2002, after The Ripping Friends had been cancelled, Kricfalusi was contacted by cable network TNN (later Spike TV, now Paramount Network)[32] which was struggling for ratings and needed a new audience.[32] In June 2003, Ren & Stimpy "Adult Party Cartoon" premiered with three episodes, ones which used plots developed for The Ren & Stimpy Show.[32] The entire show was produced by Spümcø, which had complete creative control over the content.[32] The animation was produced by Carbunkle Cartoons and PiP Animation Services. The series also premiered along with a formerly censored episode from the first two seasons of The Ren & Stimpy Show.[32] The plot of Adult Party Cartoon focused on the adventures of the duo from the original cartoon series.[32] Six episodes were originally meant to air during the summer of 2003, but were delayed for a year along with the rest of Spike TV's "Strip", mainly because of the risque "Naked Beach Frenzy" episode.[32] Spike TV planned to bring the show back with the final remaining episodes on August 20, 2004, but delayed the series and cancelled it in early July 2003.[32] On July 18, 2006, Paramount Home Entertainment released a DVD collection titled Ren & Stimpy: The Lost Episodes, which contained uncensored versions of all of the Ren & Stimpy "Adult Party Cartoon" episodes.[33]

In these years, Spümcø co-produced Go! Go! Hypergrind, a skateboarding video game released by Atlus in North America on November 18, 2003. It features a crew of 11 animated characters who compete to become the next star of an upcoming Spümcø animated show on extreme skateboarding. The game's story states that Toon World is helping Spümcø "to renew interest in the medium and revive the struggling economy [of traditional cel animation]".[34]

On July 18, 2005, Kricfalusi decided to shut down Spümcø shortly thereafter, following a lawsuit by Carbunkle which was filed against Spümcø in the Canadian court system. In the summer of 2008, Kricfalusi made a partial payment to Bob Jaques after Jaques had ceased seeking legal action against him.[35]

Proposed successor studios

In 2016, it was announced on Tumblr that Kricfalusi and former Cartoon Network storyboard artist Gabe Del Valle were starting a new studio based in the Los Angeles area and were seeking new employees.[36] The name of the studio was not included in the announcement, but was inferred to be "Spümtwø" by the presence of "spumtwo" in the contact email. However, the announcement was deleted from Del Valle's Tumblr account sometime afterward, most likely due to Del Valle being rehired by Cartoon Network shortly afterward.[37]

On March 4, 2017, Kricfalusi announced a second new studio to be based in Miami, Florida, named John K. Studios.[38] The studio's only project was an animated short for Adult Swim, which advertised the then-upcoming UFC 200 match on July 9, 2016, produced prior to the announcement of forming the company.[39][40] The short was referred to as the "big project" in Del Valle's previous announcement. However, as of July 2018, the studio website is offline.

Due to the sexual harassment allegations against Kricfalusi in 2018 and his subsequent retirement two years later, the possibility of any further successor studios to Spümcø is unlikely.

Documentary

In 2013, a website was created to promote a documentary about the Spümcø animation studio. A teaser trailer was posted on Vimeo which included brief interviews with Kricfalusi, Spümcø staffer Eddie Fitzgerald and self-proclaimed Spümcø fan and singer-songwriter "Weird Al" Yankovic, and clips from Ren & Stimpy and other former Spümcø series, giving the impression that it was authorized by Kricfalusi. However, sometime in 2014 or 2015 the website was taken down and the Vimeo account was deleted without notice or explanation. Many of Kricfalusi's fans were left wondering if the people involved in the project were unable to get further funding or a distribution agreement or that they could not obtain the proper licensing to use clips.[citation needed]

On February 1, 2013, Sick Little Monkeys: The Unauthorized Ren and Stimpy Story was published by animation historian Thad Komorowski. The book contains the detailed history of Spümcø and the Ren & Stimpy cartoons.[41]

See also

References

  1. ^ Sinclair, Carla (October 25, 1999). "That's Not All, Folks". The Industry Standard. Archived from the original on 2002-02-02. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
  2. ^ "Spümcø (Spumco) Studio Directory (1988-2005)", Big Cartoon Database, 2011
  3. ^ Aditham, Kiran (2007 December 3). "John K. Joins Hoytyboy" Archived 2011-07-12 at the Wayback Machine. Hoytyboy Pictures. Retrieved on 27 March 2010.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i "I Miss You : It's Like Christmas!". Bjorkish.com. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  5. ^ "So, What Happened to Cartoons Anyway?", Wild Cartoon Kingdom, June 1993: 20. Print.
  6. ^ a b c d "So, What Happened to Cartoons Anyway?", p. 20.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g "So, What Happened to Cartoons Anyway?", p. 21.
  8. ^ "John Kricfalusi profile". Notable Names Database. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
  9. ^ Kanfer, Stefan (1992-04-13). "Loonier Toon Tales". Time Magazine. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
  10. ^ Wheeler W. Dixon (2001), "Creating Ren and Stimpy (1992)", Collected Interviews: Voices from Twentieth-Century Cinema, SIU Press, pp. 82–94, ISBN 9780809324170
  11. ^ Harmon, Amy. "Cartoons On the Web, From an Iconoclast." The New York Times. October 6, 1997. Retrieved on April 8, 2010.
  12. ^ "The Ren & Stimpy Show". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  13. ^ Rogers, Troy (interviewer). "The Animated Adventures of John K. Archived 2011-06-16 at the Wayback Machine." UGO. Retrieved on 2010 March 28.
  14. ^ "'Season Three and a Half-ish' - DVD information". DVDTimes.co.uk. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  15. ^ a b "Dr. Toon interviews John Kricfalusi". Animation World Magazine. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  16. ^ "Bill Wray." David Anthony Kraft's Comics Interview #122. 1993. 8.
  17. ^ "Bill Wray". David Anthony Kraft's Comics Interview #122. 1993. 12.
  18. ^ "Bill Wray." David Anthony Kraft's Comics Interview #122. 1993. 5.
  19. ^ Videography. Bjork.com. Retrieved on 28 March 2010.
  20. ^ a b "In His Way, John K. Will Challenge the World". WIRED. 8 October 1997. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  21. ^ "John K's Guide to Surviving the End of Television". Cold Hard Flash. April 23, 2007. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  22. ^ "27th Annual Annie Award Nominee Showcase: Goddamn George Liquor Program". AWM.com. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  23. ^ "Flashimation: The Context and Culture of Web Animation" (PDF). Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  24. ^ "ASIFA-Hollywood's 27th Annual Annie Awards". ASIFA Hollywood. Archived from the original on 2007-02-02. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  25. ^ Weekend Pussy Hunt at the Big Cartoon Database. Retrieved on 28 March 2010.
  26. ^ 'I think the web itself is going to be the medium for all entertainment — John K.' Archived 2010-04-08 at the Wayback Machine. TV Freak Feature. Retrieved on 28 March 2010.
  27. ^ a b Boo Boo Runs Wild - Production information. inBaseline. Retrieved on 1 April 2010. Archived March 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ a b A Day in the Life of Ranger Smith - Production information. inBaseline. Retrieved on 1 April 2010. Archived March 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ "Ripping Friends Archived 2011-08-04 at the Wayback Machine," ABC
  30. ^ "Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures Story meeting," YouTube clip of an episode of The MacNeil / Lehrer NewsHour
  31. ^ The Ripping Friends - TV information. TV.com. Retrieved on 1 April 2010.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h Ren & Stimpy Adult Party Cartoon - Show Information. TV.com. Retrieved on 1 April 2010.
  33. ^ Ren & Stimpy The Lost Episodes - Product Information. Amazon.com. Retrieved on 1 April 2010.
  34. ^ "Atlus presents Go! Go! Hypergrind". Atlus USA. Retrieved January 5, 2017. Official game site by the publisher.
  35. ^ O.T. - Interlude of Shameless Self-promotion. Popeye Animators. Blog comment by Bob Jacques. Retrieved on 17 May 2013.
  36. ^ Del Valle, Gabe (2016-04-17). "John K. and I Are in the Process of Opening a Company". Tumblr. Retrieved April 11, 2016.Archive index at the Wayback Machine (via the Internet Archive)
  37. ^ Del Valle, Gabe (2016-05-16). "Achievement unlocked". Instagram. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
  38. ^ "Calling all (good) cartoonist!". Facebook. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
  39. ^ "King of the Hill's Hank Returns to Promote UFC 200 in New Adult Swim Branded Spot". Adweek. June 29, 2016. Archived from the original on August 9, 2017. Retrieved July 15, 2018. (via the Internet Archive)
  40. ^ . December 17, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171217032109/http://www.johnkstudios.com/. Archived from the original on December 17, 2017. Retrieved July 15, 2018. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help) (via the Internet Archive)
  41. ^ Komorowski, Thad (February 2013). Sick Little Monkeys: The Unauthorized Ren and Stimpy Story. ISBN 978-1593932343.
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