Shilmani
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The Shalmani or Shilmani (Template:Lang-ps) is a Pashtun tribe primarily concentrated in the Shalman Valley in Khyber Agency near Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Shalmani is also known as Sulemani a variant of Shalmani(Template:Lang-ps) in Abbottabad, Mansehra and Haripur. The tribe is present in different parts of Pakistan. In Pakistan, the tribe lives in Swat, Upper Dir, Lower Dir, Bajour, Buner, Shangla, Malakand District, Dargai, Charsadda (Hashtnagar).
According to Khan Roshan Khan, in his book about Pashtun's history "Tazkira" at page-379/380 [1] ,"Shalmanis(Shilmanis) are "Banu Bakhtar"(بنو بختر) who were living in an area "Shalman" in Syria.These Banu Bakhtar were the land lords of areas like Shalman(شلمان), Ainab(عيناب) and Baiswad(بيسود) in Syria.
Similar to Shalman of Khyber, a city by name Shalman is also present in Gilan Province of Iran, and the fourth largest river in Iran is also named as Shalman. [2]. These landmarks with synonym Shalman suggest that this tribe could have moved from Syria through Iran (Gilan Shalman) to current Shalman Valley in Khyber Agency near Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
History
Roshan Khan in his book "Tazkira" wrote that Shalmani were originally brought to Swat (not to be confused with just Swat district of the present times) by the famous conqueror and King, Muhammad of Ghor,[3] from Shalman Valley of Khyber Agency in present Pakistan and Karman of today's Afghanistan.
M.Saida Khan Shinwari states in his book that, Shilmani are counted as Ghoryakhel tribe divided as Shamsher Khel, Halimzai and Kam Shilmanis and considers them to be Mohmand. He states that Shamsher Khels are related to Morcha Khel Mohmands, Halimzai to Halimzai Mohmands and Kam Shilmanis to Tarakzai Mohmands. Officially the Shilmanis are treated as a separate tribe since the Khyber Agreement of 1881. The Shilmanis are closer to Mohmands in characteristics and based on historical evidence they appear to be close kinsmen of the Mohmand.[4]
Shalmani are called as "Shalmani Momands" by Harold Carmichael Wylly, at page-317 in his book "From the Black Mountain to Waziristan". [5]
Prior to creation of Pakistan Bacha Khan Shalmani of Sakha Kot Malakand Agency, was the prominent figure of the Shalmani tribe and was a politician. Mr. Naek Amal Khan Shalmani and Rahat Khan Shalmani are scions of his family.
References
- ^ Khan Roshan Khan (1992). Tazkira: Pathano Ki Asliyat Aur Inki Tarikh. Al Makhzan Printers.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ Trip to Persia: Iran Seas, Lakes and Lagoons.
- ^ Khan Roshan Khan. Yūsufzaʻī Qaum kī Sarguzasht:K̲h̲ashshī Qabāʻil aur G̲h̲auriyāk̲h̲īl...kī ḥairat angaez, mufassil aur tahqīqī sarguzasht (in Urdu). OCLC 81889189."
- ^ M. Saida Khan (1926). The Khyber: A Historical Sketch. A.R. Yusuñ. OCLC 5705079.
- ^ Harold Carmichael Wylly (1912). From the Black Mountain to Waziristan. Macmillan.
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Further reading
- Christian Tripodi (2011). Edge of Empire: The British Political Officer and Tribal Administration on the North-West Frontier 1877-1947. Ashgate Publishing. p. 206. ISBN 9780754694915. OCLC 726826683.
- H.A. Rose (1914). A Glossary of the Tribes & Castes of the Punjab & North-west Frontier Province. Superintendent, Government printing, Punjab. OCLC 635489321.
- H.A. Rose (1997). A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province. Vol. 3. Nirmal Publishers. ISBN 9788185297705.
- "Tribe, Clan, & Ethnic Genealogies". US Naval Postgraduate School.
- Teepu Mahabat Khan (2005). The land of Khyber. Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9693517520. OCLC 192109133.
- Shamsur Rahman Shams (1990). The Poets of Malakand. OCLC 24832107.
- Imperial Gazetteer of the North-West Frontier Province. Government of India. 1908.
- A Glossary of the Castes and Tribes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province. Vol. 2. Government of India. 1914. p. 233.