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Demographics of Malawi

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This article is about the demographic features of the population of Malawi, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Malawi derives its name from the Maravi, a Bantu people who came from the southern Congo about 600 years ago. On reaching the area north of Lake Malawi, the Maravi divided. One branch, the ancestors of the present-day Chewas, moved south to the west bank of the lake. The other, the ancestors of the Nyanjas, moved down the east bank to the southern part of the country.

By AD 1500, the two divisions of the tribe had established a kingdom stretching from north of the present-day city of Nkhotakota to the Zambezi River in the south, and from Lake Malawi in the east, to the Luangwa River in Zambia in the west.

Migrations and tribal conflicts precluded the formation of a cohesive Malawian society until the turn of the 20th century. In more recent years, ethnic and tribal distinctions have diminished. Regional distinctions and rivalries, however, persist. Despite some clear differences, no significant friction currently exists between tribal groups,[citation needed] and the concept of a Malawian nationality has begun to take hold. Predominantly a rural people, Malawians are generally conservative and traditionally nonviolent.[citation needed]

The Chewas constitute 90% of the population of the central region; the Nyanja tribe predominates in the south and the Tumbuka in the north. In addition, significant numbers of the Tongas live in the north; Ngonis—an offshoot of the Zulus who came from South Africa in the early 19th century—live in the lower northern and lower central regions; and the Yao, who are mostly Muslim, predominate in the Southern Region of the country and live in a wide band from Blantyre and Zomba north to Lake Malawi and east to the border with Mozambique. Bantus of other tribes came from Mozambique as refugees.

Population

Demographics of Malawi, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[1][2] the total population was 19,889,742 in 2021, compared to only 2 881 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 45.8%, 51.1% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.1% was 65 years or older.[3]

Total population (x 1000) Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 2 881 45.7 51.2 3.1
1955 3 166 45.7 51.5 2.8
1960 3 525 45.9 51.6 2.6
1965 3 975 45.3 52.3 2.4
1970 4 531 46.3 51.4 2.3
1975 5 302 46.9 50.6 2.5
1980 6 240 47.1 50.3 2.6
1985 7 268 47.5 50.0 2.5
1990 9 381 45.9 51.4 2.7
1995 9 883 44.7 52.2 3.1
2000 11 229 45.8 51.1 3.1
2005 12 823 46.1 50.9 3.1
2010 14 901 45.8 51.1 3.1

Total and Percent Distribution of Population by Single Year of Age (Census 08.06.2008)

[4]

Age Population Percent
Total 13.077.160 100
0-4 2.370.011 18,12
0 503.385
1 458.222
2 458.515
3 471.886
4 478.003
5-9 1.968.299 15,05
5 435.984
6 383.178
7 406.527
8 410.644
9 331.966
10-14 1.670.391 12,77
10 366.467
11 320.297
12 347.324
13 309.008
14 327.295
15-19 1.276.692 9,76
15 297.228
16 261.776
17 226.281
18 268.654
19 222.753
20-24 1.240.329 9,48
20 271.768
21 233.762
22 256.800
23 237.068
24 240.931
25-29 1.102.976 8,43
25 262.460
26 223.390
27 195.567
28 248.158
29 173.401
30-34 827.547 6,33
30 228.287
31 145.976
32 169.408
33 153.458
34 130.418
35-39 623.330 4,77
35 161.637
36 133.831
37 103.043
38 136.658
39 88.161
40-44 441.231 3,37
40 137.398
41 60.745
42 80.390
43 71.762
44 90.936
45-49 343.190 2,62
45 84.730
46 66.011
47 52.873
48 87.664
49 51.912
50-54 269.634 2,06
50 92.552
51 40.858
52 50.768
53 40.404
54 45.052
55-59 258.214 1,97
55 50.564
56 54.671
57 35.273
58 66.723
59 50.983
60-64 184.679 1,41
60 59.660
61 31.320
62 31.801
63 35.925
64 25.973
65-69 153.829 1,18
65 32.335
66 31.181
67 20.166
68 45.388
69 24.759
70-74 106.020 0,81
70 35.722
71 15.820
72 20.837
73 19.161
74 14.480
75-79 106.769 0,82
75 22.899
76 26.920
77 14.261
78 29.436
79 13.253
80-84 55.970 0,43
80 20.108
81 9.644
82 10.823
83 8.105
84 7.290
85-89 40.784 0,31
85 7.092
86 11.706
87 5.991
88 11.873
89 4.122
90-94 18.739 0,14
90 6.779
91 1.946
92 2.184
93 4.121
94 3.709
95+ 18.526 0,14
95 2.535
96 1.755
97 1.854
98+ 12.382
Age group Population Percent
0-14 6.008.701 45,95
15-64 6.567.822 50,22
65+ 500.637 3,83

TFR - 5,2

Structure of the population (DHS 2010) (Males 55 159, Females 58 414 = 113 574) :

Age Group Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)
0-4 17,3 17,0 17,2
5-9 17,4 16,8 17,1
10-14 15,1 14,3 14,7
15-19 10,6 9,0 9,8
20-24 7,6 8,1 7,8
25-29 6,8 7,7 7,3
30-34 5,7 5,8 5,8
35-39 4,8 4,4 4,6
40-44 3,1 3,1 3,1
45-49 2,6 2,7 2,7
50-54 2,2 2,7 2,5
55-59 1,8 2,1 1,9
60-64 1,7 1,9 1,8
65-69 1,1 1,4 1,2
70-74 0,8 1,1 1,0
75-79 0,6 0,9 0,8
80+ 0,6 1,0 0,8
Age group Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)
0-14 49,8 48,1 49,0
15-64 47,1 47,5 47,2
65+ 3,1 4,4 3,8

Structure of the population (DHS 2014) (Males 6 855, Females 7 125 = 13 979) :

Age Group Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)
0-4 16,8 16,4 16,6
5-9 16,1 16,3 16,2
10-14 15,7 16,0 15,9
15-19 8,5 6,9 7,7
20-24 7,2 8,5 7,8
25-29 6,1 7,3 6,7
30-34 6,4 6,9 6,7
35-39 5,3 5,0 5,2
40-44 3,8 3,3 3,5
45-49 3,2 1,9 2,5
50-54 2,6 3,7 3,1
55-59 1,5 1,9 1,7
60-64 1,3 1,8 1,5
65-69 1,0 1,2 1,1
70-74 0,9 0,8 0,8
75-79 0,7 0,8 0,7
80+ 0,7 0,9 0,8
Age group Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)
0-14 48,6 48,7 48,7
15-64 48,1 47,6 47,9
65+ 3,3 3,7 3,4

UN population projections

Numbers are in thousands. UN medium variant projections [3]

  • 2015 17,522
  • 2020 20,677
  • 2025 24,212
  • 2030 28,173
  • 2035 32,667
  • 2040 37,797
  • 2045 43,521
  • 2050 49,719

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Malawi not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [3]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950-1955 144 000 85 000 59 000 47.5 28.0 19.5 6.78 198
1955-1960 162 000 89 000 72 000 48.3 26.7 21.7 6.84 192
1960-1965 187 000 97 000 91 000 49.9 25.7 24.1 7.00 186
1965-1970 219 000 107 000 113 000 51.5 25.1 26.5 7.20 180
1970-1975 257 000 115 000 142 000 52.3 23.4 28.9 7.40 168
1975-1980 314 000 130 000 183 000 54.3 22.6 31.8 7.50 159
1980-1985 351 000 139 000 212 000 51.9 20.6 31.3 7.30 151
1985-1990 410 000 157 000 253 000 49.3 18.8 30.4 7.00 143
1990-1995 453 000 173 000 280 000 47.0 17.9 29.1 6.50 133
1995-2000 479 000 189 000 290 000 45.4 17.9 27.5 6.20 121
2000-2005 522 000 199 000 323 000 43.4 16.6 26.8 6.03 107
2005-2010 610 000 190 000 420 000 44.0 13.7 30.3 6.00 95
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Births and deaths [5]

Year Population Live births Deaths Natural increase Crude birth rate Crude death rate Rate of natural increase TFR
2008* 13 077 160 516 629 135 865 380 764 37,9 10,0 27,9 5,2
  • Data refer to the 12 months preceding the census in June

Fertility and births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[6]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
1984 52 7.58
1992 42.9 6.73 (5.74) 40.5 5.51 (4.38) 43.2 6.88 (5.92)
2000 45.5 6.3 (5.2) 40.8 4.5 (3.5) 46.2 6.7 (5.5)
2004 42.4 6.0 (4.9) 37.0 4.2 (3.3) 43.4 6.4 (5.2)
2010 39.2 5.7 (4.5) 36.0 4.0 (3.3) 39.8 6.1 (4.8)
2015-16 32.2 4.4 (3.4) 29.5 3.0 (2.5) 32.6 4.7 (3.6)

Fertility data as of 2016 (DHS Program):[7]

Region Total fertility rate Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49
Northern 4.2 8.1 5.7
Central 4.4 7.8 6.2
Southern 4.6 7.3 5.7
Total 4.4 7.6 5.9

Life expectancy birth

Period Life expectancy in
Years[8]
1950–1955 36.26
1955–1960 Increase 37.21
1960–1965 Increase 38.42
1965–1970 Increase 39.50
1970–1975 Increase 41.76
1975–1980 Increase 43.78
1980–1985 Increase 45.57
1985–1990 Increase 46.31
1990–1995 Increase 46.67
1995–2000 Decrease 46.56
2000–2005 Increase 47.30
2005–2010 Increase 53.38
2010–2015 Increase 60.71

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

  • 19,196,246 (July 2017 est.)

Population growth rate

3.31% (2017 est.)

Birth rate

41 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Death rate

7.9 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Net migration rate

0 migrants/1,000 population (2017).There is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities.

Urbanization

urban population: 16.9% of total population (2018) rate of urbanization: 4.19% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Sex ratio

  • at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
  • under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
  • 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
  • 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
  • total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2000 est.)

Ratio of medical doctors to general population

1 Doctor/65,000 Malawians [9]

Life expectancy at birth

  • total population: 61.7 years
  • male: 59.7 years
  • female: 63.8 years (2017 est.)

Nationality

  • noun: Malawian(s)
  • adjective: Malawian

Ethnic groups

[10]

Religions[10]

Languages[10]

Proportion of language speakers in Malawi

  Chewa (49.9%)
  Lomwe (17.6%)
  Yao (13.5%)
  Tumbuka (9.1%)
  Sena (3.6%)
  Tonga (2.1%)
  Makhuwa (1.5%)
  Nyakyusa (1.1%)
  Other (1.6%)

Literacy

Further information: Literacy
  • definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  • total population: 62.1%
  • male: 69.8%
  • female: 55.2% (2015 est.)

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demographics of Malawi.
  1. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  2. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  3. ^ a b c Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ "2008 Population and Housing Census". Nsomalawi.mw. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  5. ^ "3. Live births, deaths, and infant deaths, latest available year (2002 - 2016)" (PDF). Unstats.un.org. 21 July 2017. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  6. ^ "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys". Microdata.worldbank.org. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  7. ^ "Malawi Demographic and Demographic and Health Survey : Health Survey 2015-16" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  8. ^ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
  9. ^ von Bothmer, Eleanore (2009). "Global lack of medical doctors". Development and Cooperation. 36 (3). Frankfurt am Main: Societäts-Verlag: 94. Archived from the original on 2009-07-26. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ a b c "Africa :: MALI". CIA The World Factbook. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
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