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Solar eclipse of July 8, 1842

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Solar eclipse of July 8, 1842
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma0.4727
Magnitude1.0543
Maximum eclipse
Duration245 s (4 min 5 s)
Coordinates50°06′N 83°36′E / 50.1°N 83.6°E / 50.1; 83.6
Max. width of band204 km (127 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse7:06:27
References
Saros124 (45 of 73)
Catalog # (SE5000)9145

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Friday, July 8, 1842, with a magnitude of 1.0543. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2 days before perigee (on July 10, 1842, at 7:50 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[1]

The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day Portugal, Spain, Andorra, France, Monaco, Italy, Austria, Slovenia, Hungary, Slovakia, southeastern Poland, Ukraine, southeastern Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, the Ryukyu Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of Europe, North Africa, Asia, Alaska, Greenland, and northern Canada.

Observations

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Francis Baily observed the total solar eclipse from Italy, focusing his attention on the solar corona and prominences and identified them as part of the Sun's atmosphere. The solar eclipse effect now called Baily's beads named in honor of him after his correct explanation of the phenomenon in 1836.



Francis Baily

Artistic depictions

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Venice

Austria

Vienna

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[2]

July 8, 1842 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1842 July 08 at 04:32:40.3 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1842 July 08 at 05:32:39.4 UTC
First Central Line 1842 July 08 at 05:33:50.6 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1842 July 08 at 05:35:02.0 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1842 July 08 at 06:55:35.2 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1842 July 08 at 07:01:31.8 UTC
Greatest Duration 1842 July 08 at 07:04:59.2 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1842 July 08 at 07:06:26.9 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1842 July 08 at 08:37:56.8 UTC
Last Central Line 1842 July 08 at 08:39:10.0 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1842 July 08 at 08:40:23.1 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1842 July 08 at 09:40:14.0 UTC
July 8, 1842 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.05427
Eclipse Obscuration 1.11149
Gamma 0.47266
Sun Right Ascension 07h07m53.4s
Sun Declination +22°32'34.5"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'43.8"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.6"
Moon Right Ascension 07h08m19.7s
Moon Declination +23°00'12.1"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'20.6"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°59'58.8"
ΔT 5.5 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of July 1842
July 8
Descending node (new moon)
July 22
Ascending node (full moon)
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 124
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 136
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Eclipses in 1842

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 124

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1841–1844

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[3]

The partial solar eclipses on February 21, 1841 and August 16, 1841 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on November 10, 1844 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1841 to 1844
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
109 January 22, 1841

Partial
−1.5516 114 July 18, 1841

Partial
1.1903
119 January 11, 1842

Annular
−0.8882 124 July 8, 1842

Total
0.4727
129 December 31, 1842

Annular
−0.1727 134 June 27, 1843

Hybrid
−0.3037
139 December 21, 1843

Total
0.5227 144 June 16, 1844

Partial
−1.1092
149 December 9, 1844

Partial
1.1682

Saros 124

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 124, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 73 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on March 6, 1049. It contains total eclipses from June 12, 1211 through September 22, 1968, and a hybrid eclipse on October 3, 1986. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 73 as a partial eclipse on May 11, 2347. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 39 at 5 minutes, 46 seconds on May 3, 1734. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[4]

Series members 43–64 occur between 1801 and 2200:
43 44 45

June 16, 1806

June 26, 1824

July 8, 1842
46 47 48

July 18, 1860

July 29, 1878

August 9, 1896
49 50 51

August 21, 1914

August 31, 1932

September 12, 1950
52 53 54

September 22, 1968

October 3, 1986

October 14, 2004
55 56 57

October 25, 2022

November 4, 2040

November 16, 2058
58 59 60

November 26, 2076

December 7, 2094

December 19, 2112
61 62 63

December 30, 2130

January 9, 2149

January 21, 2167
64

January 31, 2185

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

25 eclipse events between February 12, 1812 and September 18, 1895
February 11–12 November 30–December 1 September 17–19 July 7–8 April 25–26
108 110 112 114 116

February 12, 1812

September 19, 1819

July 8, 1823

April 26, 1827
118 120 122 124 126

February 12, 1831

November 30, 1834

September 18, 1838

July 8, 1842

April 25, 1846
128 130 132 134 136

February 12, 1850

November 30, 1853

September 18, 1857

July 8, 1861

April 25, 1865
138 140 142 144 146

February 11, 1869

November 30, 1872

September 17, 1876

July 7, 1880

April 25, 1884
148 150 152

February 11, 1888

December 1, 1891

September 18, 1895

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

October 9, 1809
(Saros 121)

September 7, 1820
(Saros 122)

August 7, 1831
(Saros 123)

July 8, 1842
(Saros 124)

June 6, 1853
(Saros 125)

May 6, 1864
(Saros 126)

April 6, 1875
(Saros 127)

March 5, 1886
(Saros 128)

February 1, 1897
(Saros 129)

January 3, 1908
(Saros 130)

December 3, 1918
(Saros 131)

November 1, 1929
(Saros 132)

October 1, 1940
(Saros 133)

September 1, 1951
(Saros 134)

July 31, 1962
(Saros 135)

June 30, 1973
(Saros 136)

May 30, 1984
(Saros 137)

April 29, 1995
(Saros 138)

March 29, 2006
(Saros 139)

February 26, 2017
(Saros 140)

January 26, 2028
(Saros 141)

December 26, 2038
(Saros 142)

November 25, 2049
(Saros 143)

October 24, 2060
(Saros 144)

September 23, 2071
(Saros 145)

August 24, 2082
(Saros 146)

July 23, 2093
(Saros 147)

June 22, 2104
(Saros 148)

May 24, 2115
(Saros 149)

April 22, 2126
(Saros 150)

March 21, 2137
(Saros 151)

February 19, 2148
(Saros 152)

January 19, 2159
(Saros 153)

December 18, 2169
(Saros 154)

November 17, 2180
(Saros 155)

October 18, 2191
(Saros 156)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

July 27, 1813
(Saros 123)

July 8, 1842
(Saros 124)

June 18, 1871
(Saros 125)

May 28, 1900
(Saros 126)

May 9, 1929
(Saros 127)

April 19, 1958
(Saros 128)

March 29, 1987
(Saros 129)

March 9, 2016
(Saros 130)

February 16, 2045
(Saros 131)

January 27, 2074
(Saros 132)

January 8, 2103
(Saros 133)

December 19, 2131
(Saros 134)

November 27, 2160
(Saros 135)

November 8, 2189
(Saros 136)

References

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  1. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
  2. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 1842 Jul 08". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
  3. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  4. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 124". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.