Steven Soderbergh
Steven Soderbergh | |
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![]() Soderbergh at the Venice International Film Festival, 2013 | |
Born | Steven Andrew Soderbergh January 14, 1963 Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. |
Nationality | American |
Occupations |
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Years active | 1981–present |
Notable work | See filmography |
Height | 6 ft 0 in (1.82 m) |
Movement | |
Spouse(s) |
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Steven Andrew Soderbergh (/ˈsoʊdərbɜːrɡ/; born January 14, 1963) is an American director, screenwriter, and producer. He is considered one of the founding pioneers of the independent cinema movement and among the most prolific filmmakers of his generation.
His directorial breakthrough–indie drama Sex, Lies, and Videotape (1989)–lifted him into the public spotlight as a notable presence in the film industry. At 26, Soderbergh became the youngest solo director to win the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival which garnered the film worldwide commercial success, among numerous accolades. His breakthrough saw him to Hollywood where he directed crime comedy Out of Sight (1998); biopic Erin Brockovich (2000) and crime drama film Traffic (2000), the latter winning him the Academy Award for Best Director. He found further popular and critical success with the Ocean's trilogy and film franchise (2001–18); Contagion (2011); Magic Mike (2012); Side Effects (2013); Logan Lucky (2017); and Unsane (2018). Despite his film career spanning a multitude of genres, his cinematic niche centers on psychological, crime, and heist thrillers. His films have grossed over US$2.2 billion worldwide and garnered nine Oscar nominations, winning seven.
Soderbergh's films often center on the metaphysical themes of distorted reality, shifting personal identities, vengeance, sexuality, morality, and the human condition. His feature films retain distinctive cinematography as a result of his liberal use of avant-garde cinema coupled with unconventional film and camera formats. Many of Soderbergh's films are anchored by multi-dimensional storylines with plot twists, nonlinear storytelling, experimental sequencing, suspenseful soundscapes, and third person vantage points.
Early life
Soderbergh was born on January 14, 1963, in Atlanta, Georgia, to Mary Ann (née Bernard) and Peter Andrew Soderbergh, who was a university administrator and educator. He has Swedish, Irish, and Italian roots.[1] Soderbergh's paternal grandfather immigrated to the U.S. from Stockholm.[2] As a child, he moved with his family to Charlottesville, Virginia, where he lived during his adolescence, and then to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where his father became Dean of Education at Louisiana State University (LSU).[1] Soderbergh discovered filmmaking as a teenager and directed short films with a Super 8 and 16 mm cameras.[3] He attended the Louisiana State University Laboratory School for high school before graduating and moving to Hollywood to pursue professional filmmaking. In his first job he worked as a game show composer and cue card holder soon after which he found work as a freelance film editor. During this time, he directed the concert video 9012Live for the rock band Yes in 1985, for which he received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Music Video, Long Form.[4]
Career
1989: directorial debut
After Soderbergh returned to Baton Rouge, he wrote a film titled Sex, Lies, and Videotape (1989) on a legal pad during an eight day cross country drive.[5] The movie tells the story of a troubled man who videotapes women discussing their lives and sexuality, and his impact on the relationship of a married couple.[6] Soderbergh submitted the film to the Cannes Film Festival where it won a variety of awards, including the Palme d'Or.[7] Its critical performance led it to become a worldwide commercial success, grossing $36.7 million on a $1.2 million budget.[8] The film was considered to be the most influential catalyst of the 1990s Independent Cinema movement.[9][10] At age 26, Soderbergh became the youngest solo director and the second youngest director to win the festival's top award.[11] Movie critic Roger Ebert called Soderbergh the "poster boy of the Sundance generation".[12] His relative youth and sudden rise to prominence in the film industry had him referred to as a "sensation" and a prodigy.[13][14] In 2006, the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry, being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and the American Film Institute nominated it as one of the greatest movies ever made.[15][16]
1990–1997: critical and commercial downturn
"When I say this is the most important motion picture you'll ever attend, my motivation is not financial gain, but a firm belief that the delicate fabric that holds all of us together will be ripped apart unless every man, woman, and child in this country sees this film and pays full ticket price, not some bargain matinée cut-rate deal."
— Soderbergh explaining Schizopolis (1996), a film considered his career's lowest point.[17]
His directorial debut was followed by a series of low-budget box-office disappointments.[18][19] In 1991, he directed Kafka, a biopic of Franz Kafka written by Lem Dobbs and starring Jeremy Irons. The film returned one tenth of its budget and received mixed reviews from critics.[20] Roger Ebert's review stated, "Soderbergh does demonstrate again here that he's a gifted director, however unwise in his choice of project".[21] Two years later, he directed the drama King of the Hill (1993), which was again met with poor commercial performance, although fared well with critics.[22] Based on the memoir of writer A. E. Hotchner, the film is set during the Great Depression and follows a young boy (played by Jesse Bradford) struggling to survive on his own in a hotel in St. Louis during after his mother falls ill and his father is away on business trips.[23] Also in 1995, he directed a remake of Robert Siodmak's 1949 film noir Criss Cross, titled The Underneath, which grossed $536,020 on a $6.5 million budget and was widely panned by critics, with Rodrigo Perez of IndieWire accusing Soderbergh of "throwing himself under the bus."[24][25]
He directed Schizopolis in 1996, a comedy which he starred in, wrote, composed, and shot as well as directed. The 96-minute film was submitted to the Cannes Film Festival to such a "chilly response" that he reworked the entire introduction and conclusion before releasing it commercially.[26] In the movie's introduction, he placed a title page that read: ”In the event that you find certain sequences or events confusing, please bear in mind this is your fault, not ours. You will need to see the picture again and again until you understand everything".[27] He starred in Schizopolis as Fletcher Munson, a spokesman for a Scientology-esque lifestyle cult, and again as Dr. Jeffrey Korchek, a dentist having an affair with Munson's wife.[27] The film switched languages multiple times mid-scene without subtitles, leaving large parts of it incomprehensible.[27] It was viewed by critics as a "directorial palate cleanse" for Soderbergh.[28] During the months following his debut of Schizopolis, he released a small, edited version of the Spalding Gray monologue film Gray's Anatomy. Soderbergh would later refer to Schizopolis as his "artistic wake-up call".[27] Soderbergh co-wrote the script for 1997 horror-thriller Nightwatch with Danish filmmaker Ole Bornedal, an American remake of his own film of the same name produced in his native country.[29]
1998–2008: reemergence and Ocean's trilogy
Soderbergh's reemergence began in 1998 with Out of Sight, a stylized adaptation of an Elmore Leonard novel, written by Scott Frank and starring George Clooney and Jennifer Lopez.[30] The film was widely praised, though only a moderate box-office success.[31] The critical reception of the movie began a multi-movie artistic partnership between Clooney and Soderbergh. Soderbergh followed up on the success of Out of Sight by making another crime caper, The Limey (1999), from a screenplay by Lem Dobbs and starring actors Terence Stamp and Peter Fonda. The film was well-received and established him within the cinematic niche of thriller and heist films.[32] He ventured into his first biographical film in 2000 when he directed Erin Brockovich, written by Susannah Grant and starring Julia Roberts in her Oscar-winning role as a single mother taking on industry in a civil action.[33] In late 2000, Soderbergh released Traffic, a social drama written by Stephen Gaghan and featuring an ensemble cast.[34] Time magazine compared him to a baseball player hitting home runs with Erin Brockovich and Traffic.[34] Both films would be nominated at the 2001 Academy Awards, making him the only director to have been nominated in the same year for Best Director for two different films. He was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director for Traffic and received best director nominations at the year's Golden Globe and the Directors Guild of America Awards.[35][36]
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In early 2001, he was approached to direct a reboot of the 1960s Rat Pack-movie, Ocean's 11 by Ted Griffin. After Griffin wrote the screenplay, Soderbergh signed on to direct Ocean's Eleven. The film opened to critical acclaim and wide-spread commercial success.[37] It quickly became Soderbergh's highest-grossing movie to date, grossing more than $183 million domestically and more than $450 million worldwide.[38][39] Rolling Stone credited the movie with "[spawning] a new era of heist movies".[37] In the same year, Soderbergh made Full Frontal, which was shot mostly on digital video in an improvisational style that deliberately blurred the line between which actors were playing characters and which were playing fictionalized versions of themselves.[40] A year later, he was asked by executives at Warner Bros Studios to direct the psychological thriller Insomnia (2002), starring Academy Award winners Al Pacino, Robin Williams, and Hilary Swank. Despite their insistence, Soderbergh wanted to use the film as a transitory project for up-and-coming director, Christopher Nolan.[41] After an initial rejection at the proposal, Soderbergh used his own production company, Section Eight Productions to pressure the much larger Warner Bros to not only accept Nolan but also his pick of editors and cinematographers.[42] Before returning to the Ocean's series, Soderbergh directed K Street (2003), a ten-part political HBO series he co-produced with George Clooney.[43] The series was both partially improvised and each episode being produced in the five days prior to airing to take advantage of topical events that could be worked into the fictional narrative.[44] Actual political players appeared as themselves, either in cameos or portraying fictionalized versions of themselves, notably James Carville and Mary Matalin.[44]
"The reason my career took such a left turn at a certain point was because I realized I was in danger of becoming a formalist. But that wasn’t the best representation of me–even as a person. It’s easy to fall into that because it’s a very isolated position to occupy and it’s easy to keep other elements–people and ideas–at a distance."
— Soderbergh (in 2008) on his transition from Sex, Lies, and Videotape to more stylized, heist and psychological thrillers.[45]
Soderbergh directed Ocean's Twelve, a sequel to Ocean's Eleven, in 2004. The second installment received muted critical reviews, and was another commercial successfully film, grossing $362.7 million on a $110 million budget.[46] Matt Singer of IndieWire called it a "Great Sequel About How Hard It Is to Make a Great Sequel."[47][48] Also in 2004, Soderbergh produced and co-wrote the adapted screenplay for the film Criminal—a remake of the Argentine film Nine Queens—with his longtime assistant director Gregory Jacobs, who made his directorial debut with the film.[49]
A year later, he directed Bubble (2005), a $1.6 million film featuring a cast of nonprofessional actors. It opened in selected theaters and HDNet simultaneously, and four days later on DVD. Industry heads were reportedly watching how the film performed, as its unusual release schedule could have implications for future feature films.[50][51] Theater-owners, who at the time had been suffering from dropping attendance rates, did not welcome so-called "day-and-date" movies.[52] National Association of Theatre Owners chief executive John Fithian indirectly called the film's release model "the biggest threat to the viability of the cinema industry today."[53] Soderbergh's response to such criticism: "I don't think it's going to destroy the movie-going experience any more than the ability to get takeout has destroyed the restaurant business."[54] A romantic drama set in post-war Berlin, The Good German, starring Cate Blanchett and Clooney, was released in late 2006. The film performed poorly commercially grossing $5.9 million worldwide against a budget of $32 million.[55]
Soderbergh next directed Ocean's Thirteen, which was released in June 2007 to further commercial success and increased critical acclaim.[56] Grossing $311.3 million on an $85 million budget, it is the second highest-grossing film of his career after the first Ocean's.[57] The film concluded what would later be known as the Ocean's trilogy, a collection of heist movies that would go on to be described as defining a new era of heist films.[58] Soderbergh directed Che, which was released in theatres in two parts titled The Argentine and Guerrilla, and was presented in the main competition of the 2008 Cannes Film Festival, on May 22. Benicio del Toro played Argentine guerrilla Ernesto "Che" Guevara in an epic four-hour double bill which looks first at his role in the Cuban Revolution before moving to his campaign and eventual death in Bolivia.[59] Soderbergh shot his feature film The Girlfriend Experience in New York in 2008. Soderbergh cast adult film star Sasha Grey as the film's lead actress to great reception and controversy.[60][61]
2009–2016: mainstream success and brief hiatus
His first film of 2009 was The Informant!, a black comedy starring Matt Damon as corporate whistleblower Mark Whitacre. Whitacre wore a wire for two and a half years for the FBI as a high-level executive at a Fortune 500 company, Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), in one of the largest price-fixing cases in history. The film was released on September 18, 2009. The script for the movie was written by Scott Z. Burns based on Kurt Eichenwald's book, The Informant. The film grossed $41 million on a $22 million budget and received generally favorable reviews from critics.[62][63] Also in 2009, Soderbergh shot a small improvised film with the cast of the play, The Last Time I Saw Michael Gregg, a comedy about a theatre company staging Chekhov's Three Sisters. He has stated that he does not want it seen by the public, and only intended it for the cast. Soderbergh nearly filmed a feature adaptation of the baseball book Moneyball, starring Brad Pitt and Demetri Martin. The book, by Michael Lewis, tells of how Billy Beane, general manager of Oakland Athletics, used statistical analysis to make up for what he lacked in funds to beat the odds and lead his team to a series of notable wins in 2002. Disagreements between Sony and Soderbergh about revisions to Steven Zaillian's version of the screenplay led to Soderbergh's dismissal from the project only days prior to filming in June 2009. In 2010, Soderbergh shot the action-thriller Haywire, starring Gina Carano, Ewan McGregor, Michael Fassbender, and Channing Tatum which, even though was shot in early 2010, was not released until January 2012.[64]
In the fall of 2010, he shot the epic virus thriller Contagion, written by Scott Z. Burns.[65] With a cast including Matt Damon, Kate Winslet, Gwyneth Paltrow, Laurence Fishburne, Marion Cotillard and Jude Law, the film follows the outbreak of a lethal pandemic across the globe and the efforts of doctors and scientists to discover the cause and develop a cure. Soderbergh premiered it at the 68th Venice Film Festival in Venice, Italy on September 3, 2011, and released it to the general public six days later to commercial success and widespread critical acclaim.[66] Grossing $135.5 million on a $60 million budget, Manohla Dargis of The New York Times called his film a "smart, spooky thriller about a thicket of contemporary plagues — a killer virus, rampaging fear, an unscrupulous blogger — is as ruthlessly effective as the malady at its cool, cool center."[67]
In August 2011, Soderbergh served as a second unit director on The Hunger Games and filmed much of the District 11 riot scene.[68][69] In September and October 2011, he shot Magic Mike, a film starring Channing Tatum, about the actor's experiences working as a male stripper in his youth. Tatum played the title mentor character, while Alex Pettyfer played a character based on Tatum. The film was released on June 29, 2012 to a strong commercial performance and favorable critical acclaim.[70] Throughout 2012, Soderbergh had announced his intention to retire from feature filmmaking. He stated that "when you reach the point where you're saying, 'If I have to get into a van to do another scout, I'm just going to shoot myself,' it's time to let somebody who's still excited about getting in the van, get in the van."[71] Soderbergh later said that he would retire from filmmaking and begin to explore painting.[72] A few weeks later, Soderbergh played down his earlier comments, saying a film-making "sabbatical" was more accurate.[73] For his then-final feature film, he directed the psychological thriller Side Effects, which starred Jude Law, Rooney Mara, Channing Tatum and Catherine Zeta-Jones. It was shot in April 2012 and was released on February 8, 2013.[74] Screened at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival, A. O. Scott of The New York Times stated, that Soderbergh "[handled] it brilliantly, serving notice once again that he is a crackerjack genre technician."[75] In the end, while promoting Side Effects in early 2013, he clarified that he had a five-year plan that saw him transitioning away from making feature films around his fiftieth birthday.[76] Around that time, he gave a much publicized speech at the San Francisco International Film Festival, detailing the obstacles facing filmmakers in the current corporate Hollywood environment.[77]
Soderbergh had planned to commence production in early 2012 on a feature version of The Man from U.N.C.L.E., also written by Scott Z. Burns. George Clooney was set for the lead role of Napoleon Solo but had to drop out due to a recurring back injury suffered while filming Syriana.[78] In November 2011 Soderbergh withdrew from the project due to budget and casting conflicts,[79] and was eventually replaced by Guy Ritchie. His final televised project before heading into retirement was Behind the Candelabra. Shot in the summer of 2012, it starred Michael Douglas as legendarily flamboyant pianist Liberace and Matt Damon as his lover Scott Thorson. The film is written by Richard LaGravenese, based on Thorson's book Behind the Candelabra: My Life with Liberace, and produced by HBO Films.[80] It was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.[81]
In May 2013–only months into his retirement–he announced that he would direct a 10-part miniseries for Cinemax called The Knick. The series followed doctors at a fictionalized version of the Knickerbocker Hospital in Manhattan in the early twentieth century. The series starred Clive Owen, Andre Holland, Jeremy Bobb, Juliet Rylance, Eve Hewson and Michael Angarano and was filmed in the fall of 2013.[82] It began airing in August 2014 to critical acclaim.[83] After completing the second season, Soderbergh revealed he was finished directing for the show and said, "I told them [Cinemax] that I'm going to do the first two years and then we are going to break out the story for seasons 3 and 4 and try and find a filmmaker or filmmakers to do this the way that I did. This is how we want to do this so that every two years, whoever comes on, has the freedom to create their universe."[84]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Steven_Soderbergh_Deauville_2013.jpg/150px-Steven_Soderbergh_Deauville_2013.jpg)
After his work with The Knick, Soderbergh began working on a variety of personal projects starting with directing an Off-Broadway play titled The Library, starring Chloë Grace Moretz in January 2014.[85] On February 24, 2014, a mashup of Alfred Hitchcock's and Gus Van Sant's versions of Psycho appeared on the site.[86] Retitled "Psychos" and featuring no explanatory text, the recut appears to be a fan edit of the two films by Soderbergh. Reaction to the mashup appears to reinforce the prejudice against the 1998 film. The opening credits intermingle names from both the 1960 and 1998 versions, and all color has been removed from Van Sant's scenes, except for when Bates' mother is found.[87][88] On April 21, 2014, Soderbergh released an alternate cut of Michael Cimino's controversial 1980 Western Heaven's Gate on his website. Credited to his pseudonym Mary Ann Bernard and dubbed "The Butcher's Cut", Soderbergh's version runs 108 minutes.[89][90] On September 22, 2014, he uploaded a black-and-white silent version of Raiders of the Lost Ark, with Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross's score of The Social Network. The purpose of it is to study the aspects of staging in filmmaking.[91]
It was announced in June 2014 that Soderbergh would be executive producing a series based on his earlier film The Girlfriend Experience for the Starz network, to premiere sometime in 2016.[92] On January 14, 2015, Soderbergh posted[93] a recut version of Stanley Kubrick's 1968 epic 2001: A Space Odyssey. At 110 minutes, Soderbergh's version is over half an hour shorter than the various official versions. Much of the cut material is from the first third of the film; in particular, most of Heywood Floyd's scenes are deleted.[94] The edit has been removed on the request of Warner Bros. and the Stanley Kubrick Estate. In September 2015, Soderbergh was announced to be directing Mosaic, a series for HBO. Starring Sharon Stone, it is a dual-media project; it is released as both an interactive movie app in November 2017 and as a six-part miniseries airing in January 2018.[95][96]
2016–present: return to filmmaking
In February 2016, Soderbergh officially came out of his retirement to direct a NASCAR heist film, Logan Lucky, starring Channing Tatum, Adam Driver, and Daniel Craig, among others. The film was produced entirely by Soderbergh, with no studio involved in anything other than theatrical distribution.[97] The film was released on August 18, 2017 by Bleecker Street and Fingerprint Releasing, his own distribution and production company.[98][99] Logan Lucky was met with wide-spread critical acclaim, Matt Zoller Seitz writing for Roger Ebert stated: "The odds seem stacked in Logan Lucky's favor the instant you spot 'Directed by Steven Soderbergh' in the opening credits".[100]
In July 2017, it was revealed that Soderbergh had also secretly shot a horror film using iPhones titled Unsane, and starring Claire Foy and Juno Temple.[101][102] The film was released on March 23, 2018 and received well by critics.[103] His usage of an iPhone in 4K to film the movie was considered "inspirational to aspiring filmmakers" for breaking down the perceived costs associated with producing a feature film in the United States.[104] The movie was well received by critics with Scott Meslow of GQ noting its relevance to the modern plight of women in patriarchal societies, it was called a "nerve-jangling modern-day Kafka story".[105]
Upcoming projects
Soderbergh's next film, High Flying Bird, stars Andre Holland as a sports agent who presents his rookie client with an intriguing and controversial business opportunity during an NBA lockout.[106] It was filmed from late February to March 15, 2018[107] and will be released in 2019 by Netflix.[108]
In fall 2018, he plans to film The Laundromat, a political thriller financed by Netflix about the international leak of the Panama Papers. It will star Meryl Streep, Gary Oldman, Antonio Banderas and David Schwimmer.[109] The screenplay is by Scott Z. Burns, based on the book Secrecy World, by Pulitzer Prize-winner Jake Bernstein.[110]
Soderbergh is also working on a six-part miniseries written by Lem Dobbs about the life of Emin Pasha.[110]
Filmmaking
Style
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/OceansElevenTimeline.png/286px-OceansElevenTimeline.png)
His visual style often emphasizes wealthy urban settings, natural lighting, and fast-paced working environments.[111][7][112] Film critic Drew Morton has categorized his stylistic approach to films akin to the French New Wave movement in filmmaking.[113][114] Soderbergh's experimental style and tendency to reject mainstream film standards stems from his belief that "[filmmakers] are always, in essence, at the beginning of infinity ... there is always another iteration ... always will be."[115]
On a technical level, Soderbergh prefers sustained close-ups, tracking shots, jump cuts, experimental sequencing, and frequently skips establishing shots in favor of audio and alternative visuals.[7] Many of his films are noted for a milieu of suspense through the usage of third-person vantage points and a variety of over-the-shoulder shots. In his film Contagion (2011), he used a multi-narrative "hyperlink cinema" style, first established within the Ocean's trilogy.[116] He is known for tracking aesthetic transitions with a variety of colored washes, most notably yellow to symbolize open, socially acceptable situations while blue washes typically symbolize illegal or socially illicit endeavors.[117] In line with these washes, Soderbergh is liberal in his usage of montages as he believes that they are equally important story-telling as dialogue is.[118]
He is known for having a combative relationship with Hollywood and the standards of studio filmmaking.[111] Film critic Roger Ebert has commented in this stylistic antagonism, "Every once in a while, perhaps as an exercise in humility, Steven Soderbergh makes a truly inexplicable film... A film so amateurish that only the professionalism of some of the actors makes it watchable... It's the kind of film where you need the director telling you what he meant to do and what went wrong and how the actors screwed up and how there was no money for retakes, etc."[119] In Ocean's Twelve (2004), he had actress Julia Roberts play the part of Tess, a character then forced to play a fictionalized version of Roberts.[120] During the production stages of The Girlfriend Experience (2009) he cast adult film star Sasha Grey in the lead role.[120] In Haywire (2011), Soderbergh cast and eventually launched the film career of professional mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter Gina Carano.[121] Soderbergh's Logan Lucky (2017) made reference to his trilogy by alluding to an "Ocean's 7-11", noting the trilogy's influence on the Southern heist film.[120]
Soderbergh's films are centered on suspenseful and ambient soundscapes.[122] A primary way he achieves suspenseful soundscapes is by introducing audio before visuals in cut scenes, alerting the viewer of a sudden change in tone.[122] His frequent collaborations with composers Cliff Martinez, David Holmes, and most recently Thomas Newman, provide his films with "the thematic and sonic landscapes into which he inserts his characters."[44]
Method
"The simplest way that I can describe it is that a movie is something you see, and cinema is something that’s made…. Cinema is a specificity of vision. It’s an approach in which everything matters. It’s the polar opposite of generic or arbitrary and the result is as unique as a signature or a fingerprint. It isn’t made by a committee, and it isn’t made by a company, and it isn’t made by the audience."
— Soderbergh (in 2013) on the influence his methodological choices have on his films.[123]
Soderbergh's early films–on account of his youth and lack or resources–were primarily filmed on Super 8 and 16 mm film formats.[124] A variety of his feature films have been shot using a diverse range of camera equipment. He filmed all of The Girlfriend Experience (2009) on a Red One camera, which has retailed for $4000–a relatively inexpensive camera for a movie produced for $1.3 million.[125] Soderbergh filmed the entirety of Unsane (2018) on an iPhone 7 Plus with its 4K digital camera using the app FiLMiC Pro.[126] He filmed with three rotating iPhones using a DJI stabiliser to hold the phone in place.[127] In January 2018, he expressed an interest in filming other productions solely with iPhones going forward.[128]
In addition to his directing, he is frequently a screenwriter for his films. Scott Tobias of The A. V. Club has noted his method of experimental filmmaking as "rigorously conceived, like a mathematician working out a byzantine equation". Starting in 2000 with his film Traffic, Soderbergh has used various pseudonyms when directing films in order to hide the fact that he edits, writes, and arranges in opening and closing credits.[129] When he acts as his film's cinematographer he assumes the names "Peter Andrews" and "Mary Ann Bernard" when he acts as editor. Traffic screenwriter and Syriana director Stephen Gaghan named Soderbergh "the Michael Jordan of filmmaking" for his ability to assume so many distinct roles in film production.[130]
When working with actors, he prefers to pursue a non-intrusive directorial style. "I try and make sure they're OK, and when they're in the zone, I leave them alone. I don't get in their way."[131] This method has attracted repeat performances by many high-profile movie stars which has established a reoccurring collaboration between them and Soderbergh.[131]
Themes
Soderbergh's films often center the themes of shifting personal identities, sexuality, and the human condition.[132] Richard Brody of The New Yorker stated that Soderbergh is focused on the process of presenting ideas through film rather than their actual realization.[132] In line with this actual realization, he presents themes to critically evaluate political and corporate institutions such as money and capitalism.[133] Film critic A. O. Scott has noted that Soderbergh has a critical interest in exploring the impact capitalist economies have on living an ethical life and the detractions associated with materialism.[134] Money is central to many of his movies as Soderbergh believes that it serves as an obsession unrivaled by any other.[134]
Starting with Out of Sight (1998), Soderbergh's heist films explore themes of vengeance, characters on a mission, and the morality of crime.[135] He is generally said to have a cinematic niche in these types of films. "I’ve always had an attraction to caper movies, and certainly there are analogies to making a film. You have to put the right crew together, and if you lose, you go to movie jail" the directer noted in 2017.[136]
Influences
When asked about the top eleven films he regarded among the best, Soderbergh listed the following, in order: The 5,000 Fingers Of Dr. T. (1953), All The President’s Men (1976), Annie Hall (1977), Citizen Kane (1941), The Conversation (1974), The Godfather (1972), The Godfather Part II (1974), Jaws (1975), The Last Picture Show (1971), Sunset Boulevard (1950), The Third Man (1949).[137] His directorial debut, Sex, Lies, and Videotape (1989), was influenced by Mike Nichols' 1971 American comedy-drama Carnal Knowledge.[138]
Recurring collaborators
Soderbergh has worked with a variety of actors, composers, screenwriters throughout his career as a filmmaker. His most prolific collaborators are considered to be George Clooney, Matt Damon, Brad Pitt, Julia Roberts, Don Cheadle, and Channing Tatum.[139] Clooney started Section Eight Productions with Soderbergh and as of 2018 remains his most frequent collaborator, followed by Damon.[140] Among those who have won awards for their work with Soderbergh, Roberts won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her lead in Erin Brockovich; Benicio del Toro also won an Academy Award for his work in Traffic, later starred in Guerrilla and The Argentine. Catherine Zeta-Jones received a Golden Globe nomination for her portrayal of Helena in Traffic and reteamed with him for Ocean's Twelve and Side Effects.[141] Actor Joe Chrest worked with Soderbergh prolifically during his early career (1993–2009) starring in a total of eight of his films.[142]
He has frequently relied on Jerry Weintraub to produce many of his films.[143] Composer Cliff Martinez has scored ten Soderbergh films starting with Sex, Lies, and Videotape (1989) and ending with Contagion (2011).[144] Northern Irish composer David Holmes joined him in 1998 to score Out of Sight and rejoined him in scoring his Ocean's trilogy.[144] Soderbergh rejected Holmes' score for his 2006 film, The Good German, but brought him back on for subsequent movies, most recently Logan Lucky (2017).[144][145] Starting in 2000, composer Thomas Newman has worked with four Soderbergh films, most recently in 2018 with Unsane.[146] When not cutting his own films, he relies on editor Stephen Mirrione and frequently works with screenwriter Scott Z. Burns.[147]
Views on film industry
Soderbergh is a vocal proponent of the preservation of artistic merit in the face of Hollywood corporatism. He believes that "cinema is under assault by the studios and, from what I can tell, with the full support of the audience".[132] He claims that he no longer reads reviews of his movies. "After Traffic I just stopped completely," says the director.[148] "After winning the LA and New York film critics awards, I really felt like, this can only get worse".[148]
He claims to not be a fan of possessory credits, and prefers not to have his name front and center at the start of a film. "The fact that I'm not an identifiable brand is very freeing," says Soderbergh, "because people get tired of brands and they switch brands. I've never had a desire to be out in front of anything, which is why I don't take a possessory credit."[148]
On Monday, April 5, 2009, Soderbergh appeared before the Foreign Affairs Committee of the House of Representatives, and "cited the French initiative in asking lawmakers to deputize the American film industry to pursue copyright pirates," indicating he supports anti-piracy laws and Internet regulation.[149]
Personal life
Soderbergh is married to television personality Jules Asner, whom he often credits for influencing his female characters.[150] He has a daughter with his first wife, actress Betsy Brantley,[19] and a daughter with an Australian woman.[151]
He lives in New York City.[152]
Recognition
Soderbergh's entire filmography is routinely analyzed and debated by fans, critics, film academics, and other film directors.[123][153] His early work–particularly his 1989 film, Sex, Lies, and Videotape–has been noted as foundational to the Independent Cinema movement.[154][155][25] After directing his first film, Soderbergh's relative youth and sudden rise to prominence in the film industry had him referred to as a "sensation", a prodigy, and a poster boy of the genre's generation.[13][12] In 2002, he was elected first Vice President of the Directors Guild of America.[156]
Awards and honors
After screening Sex, Lies, and Videotape at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival, he was given the festival's top award, the Palme d'Or.[7] At 26, he was the youngest solo director to win the award and second youngest director after French directors Louis Malle and co-director Jacques Cousteau (the former Frenchman won it aged 23).[11] During the 2001 Academy Awards, Soderbergh was nominated twice for Best Director for two separate films, the first occurrence of such an event. Apart from his first nomination (Erin Brockovich), he won the award for Traffic.[36] The same occurrence happened at the Directors Guild of America Awards, the Associated Press called the category a "Soderbergh vs. Soderbergh" contest.[35]
Selected filmography
Critical, public and commercial reception to a selection of Soderbergh's directorial feature films as of April 14, 2018.
Year | Film | Rotten Tomatoes[22] | Metacritic[157] | CinemaScore[158] | Budget | Box office[159] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1998 | Out of Sight | 93% (8.0/10 average rating) (88 reviews) | 85 (30 reviews) | B- | $48 million | $77.7 million |
2000 | Erin Brockovich | 84% (7.3/10 average rating) (145 reviews) | 73 (36 reviews) | A | $52 million | $256.3 million |
2000 | Traffic | 92% (8.1/10 average rating) (156 reviews) | 86 (34 reviews) | B | $48 million | $201.3 million |
2001 | Ocean's Eleven | 82% (7.0/10 average rating) (170 reviews) | 74 (35 reviews) | B+ | $85 million | $294.4 million |
2004 | Ocean's Twelve | 55% (5.9/10 average rating) (181 reviews) | 58 (39 reviews) | B- | $110 million | $362.7 million |
2007 | Ocean's Thirteen | 70% (6.4/10 average rating) (196 reviews) | 62 (37 reviews) | B+ | $85 million | $311.3 million |
2011 | Contagion | 84% (7.1/10 average rating) (246 reviews) | 70 (38 reviews) | B- | $60 million | $135.5 million |
2012 | Magic Mike | 80% (6.9/10 average rating) (200 reviews) | 72 (39 reviews) | B | $7 million | $167.2 million |
2013 | Side Effects | 83% (7.3/10 average rating) (203 reviews) | 75 (40 reviews) | B | $30 million | $63.4 million |
2017 | Logan Lucky | 93% (7.5/10 average rating) (240 reviews) | 78 (51 reviews) | B | $29 million | $47.5 million |
2018 | Unsane | 80% (6.9/10 average rating) (161 reviews) | 63 (44 reviews) | B- | $1.5 million | $14.2 million |
As of 2018, his entire feature filmography has grossed over US$2.2 billion worldwide in sales.[160] His entire Ocean's trilogy was named among the "75 Best Heist Movies of All Time" by Rotten Tomatoes.[48] His film Out of Sight was listed as one of the best movies of the 1990s by Rolling Stone.[31]
References
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- ^ Newman, Kim (January 1, 2000). "Kafka". Empire. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
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(help) - ^ Hornaday, Ann (April 17, 1998). "'Nightwatch': morbid, bloody, yet ordinary". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
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- ^ a b Cagle, Jess (March 19, 2003). "Soderbergh's Choice The director hits homers with Erin Brockovich and Traffic, thus facing off against himself in the Oscar race". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
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- ^ "All Time Worldwide Box Office Grosses". Retrieved May 18, 2009.
- ^ Archerd, Army (July 24, 2002). "Soderbergh bares 'Full Frontal'". Variety. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
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- ^ "'Memento' recognition landed Christopher Nolan in the director's chair for big-budget 'Insomnia'". Retrieved 5 June 2013.
- ^ Bianculli, David (September 15, 2003). "Clooney and Soderbergh's 'K Street'". NPR.org. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
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(help) - ^ "Ocean's Twelve (2004) - Box Office Mojo". www.boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved 2018-04-14.
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(help) - ^ Chocano, Carina (September 10, 2004). "'Criminal' pulls off a fresh caper drama". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
- ^ Will Soderbergh's 'Bubble' Burst on Hollywood?. January 24, 2006. Retrieved 2014-04-06.
- ^ Anne Thompson (March 17, 2006). "Distributors hold firm against day-and-date". The Hollywood Reporter.
- ^ Thompson, Anne (15 March 2006). "Challenges Seen for Film Biz After 2005 Slide". Backstage. Archived from the original on April 22, 2006. Retrieved 2014-04-16.
- ^ Gary Gentile (January 18, 2006). "'Bubble' hits theaters, TV, DVD on same day". USA Today.
- ^ Alter, Ethan (May 17, 2014). Film Firsts: The 25 Movies That Created Contemporary American Cinema. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781440801884.
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(help) - ^ "Che". Festival de Cannes.
- ^ Original news release: David Sullivan, "Sasha Grey Stars in Steven Soderbergh Feature", in: Adult Video News, AVN Media Network (online), 10-14-2008
- ^ David Sullivan, "Video: Soderbergh Directs Sasha Grey", in: Adult Video News, AVN Media Network (online), 10-15-2008
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(help) - ^ Barton, Steve (April 1, 2010). "Script Details Leak Out for Steven Soderbergh's Contagion". Dread Central. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
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(help) - ^ Ebert, Roger. "Contagion Movie Review & Film Summary (2011) | Roger Ebert". www.rogerebert.com. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
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(help) - ^ "'Hunger Games' Director Gary Ross 'Sorry' About Cuts". MTV News.
- ^ Chitwood, Adam (August 4, 2011). "Steven Soderbergh is Directing Second Unit on The Hunger Games". Collider. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
- ^ Dargis, Manohla (June 28, 2012). "Review: 'Magic Mike,' by Steven Soderbergh, With Channing Tatum". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
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(help) - ^ Syn, Theresa (October 3, 2012). "Is Steven Soderbergh Retiring Or Not?". National Film Festival for Talented Youth. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
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- ^ Zakarin, Jordan (September 5, 2011). "Steven Soderbergh Now Denies Retiring". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2011-11-26.
- ^ Lyttelton, Oliver (January 9, 2012). "Exclusive: Rooney Mara, Jude Law & Channing Tatum Will Lead Steven Soderbergh's 'The Side Effects'". indieWire. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
- ^ "Berlinale Competition 2013: Another Nine Films Confirmed". berlinale. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
- ^ Steinberg, Don (31 January 2013). "Steven Soderbergh: Restless Behind the Camera". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
- ^ "Steven Soderbergh's State Of Cinema Talk". Deadline Hollywood. 30 April 2013. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
- ^ George Clooney back injury forced 'Man From U.N.C.L.E.' exit, says writer – Movies News. Digital Spy (September 7, 2011). Retrieved on 2012-01-22.
- ^ "Exclusive: Steven Soderbergh Spies Other Plans, Won't Direct 'The Man From U.N.C.L.E.'". November 18, 2011. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
- ^ HBO Films Backs Steven Soderbergh's Liberace Pic 'Behind The Candelabra'; Set For Summer 2012 Shoot | The Playlist Archived July 7, 2012, at archive.today. Blogs.indiewire.com. Retrieved on 2012-01-22.
- ^ "2013 Official Selection". Cannes. April 18, 2013. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
- ^ Bailey, Maria (9 November 2013). "Steven Soderbergh takes NYC back a century or so for Cinemax series 'The Knick'". Daily News. New York. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
- ^ Brock, Ben (17 December 2013). "Watch: First Footage From Steven Soderbergh's 'The Knick' & More 2014 TV Highlights". Indiewire Blogs. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
- ^ Perez, Rodrigo (December 21, 2015). "Steven Soderbergh Says More 'The Knick' Is Coming, Reveals Rough Plan For Season 3 & Beyond". Indiewire. Retrieved December 21, 2015.
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(help) - ^ "Psychos". Extension 765. 24 February 2014. Retrieved 2014-10-06.
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- ^ Arons, Rachel (March 4, 2014). "Double "Psycho"". The New Yorker. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
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- ^ Andreeva, Nellie. "Starz Orders Steven Soderbergh Anthology Series 'The Girlfriend Experience' Based On His Movie". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
- ^ "THE RETURN OF W. DE RIJK". Extension 765. January 14, 2015.
- ^ "REVIEW: Steven Soderbergh's Recut of "2001: A Space Odyssey"". technology tell. January 16, 2015.
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- ^ https://deadline.com/2018/10/netflix-panama-papers-movie-the-laundromat-david-schwimmer-steven-soderbergh-gary-oldman-meryl-streep-antonio-banderas-1202479036/
- ^ a b Perez, Rodrigo (April 12, 2018). "Steven Soderbergh Shooting 'Panama Papers' Movie Next, Title Revealed". The Playlist. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
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(help) - ^ Pearce, Leonard (June 30, 2015). "Steven Soderbergh's 11 Favorite Films". The Film Stage. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
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(help) - ^ Ryan, Sean Fennessey and Chris (August 8, 2014). "'I'm Not a Visionary': The Staggering Career Arc of Steven Soderbergh". Grantland. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
- ^ Lau, Melody (August 17, 2017). "Steven Soderbergh's inner circle: meet his go-to actors | CBC Radio". CBC. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
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(help) - ^ Lau, Melody (August 17, 2017). "Steven Soderbergh's inner circle: meet his go-to actors | CBC Radio". CBC. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
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(help) - ^ Lau, Melody (August 17, 2017). "Steven Soderbergh's inner circle: meet his go-to actors | CBC Radio". CBC. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
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(help) - ^ deWaard, Andrew; Tait, R. Colin (November 4, 2013). The Cinema of Steven Soderbergh: Indie Sex, Corporate Lies, and Digital Videotape. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231165501.
- ^ Team, The Deadline (January 4, 2013). "Michael Douglas, Matt Damon, Steven Soderbergh & Jerry Weintraub On HBO's 'Behind The Candelabra': TCA". Deadline. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
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(help) - ^ a b c Baker, Aaron (November 3, 2011). Steven Soderbergh. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252036057.
- ^ "David Holmes to Score Steven Soderbergh's 'Logan Lucky' | Film Music Reporter". filmmusicreporter.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
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(help) - ^ Jagernauth, Kevin (April 24, 2012). "Exclusive: Thomas Newman Scoring Steven Soderbergh's 'The Bitter Pill'". IndieWire. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
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(help) - ^ Hetrick, Adam. "The Verdict: Critics Review Scott Z. Burns-Steven Soderbergh Drama The Library | Playbill". Playbill. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
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(help) - ^ a b c "Steven Soderbergh: The Girlfriend Experience". SuicideGirls.com. May 21, 2009. Retrieved May 21, 2009.
- ^ Kevin J. O'Brien (April 8, 2009). "France Moves to Crack Down on Internet Piracy". The New York Times.
- ^ "Steven Soderbergh gets busy". EW.com. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
- ^ Thorne, Frank (April 11, 2011). "Director of Ocean's Eleven Steven Soderbergh admits fathering love child". Evening Standard. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
- ^ "Steven Soderbergh Buys an $8.5M Tribeca Apartment". Curbed NY. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
- ^ "Steven Soderbergh - Cinema and Media Studies - Oxford Bibliographies - obo". Oxford University. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
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(help) - ^ Axmaker, Sean (January 15, 2014). "How Steven Soderbergh's 'sex, lies and videotape' Still Influences Sundance After 25 Years". IndieWire. Retrieved 2018-04-14.
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(help) - ^ Ebert, Roger (August 1, 1989). "sex, lies, and videotape Movie Review (1989) | Roger Ebert". www.rogerebert.com. Retrieved 2018-04-14.
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(help) - ^ "Guild's National Board elects Martha Coolidge first woman president of DGA" (Press release). Directors Guild of America. March 9, 2002.
- ^ "Steven Soderbergh". Metacritic. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
- ^ "CinemaScore". cinemascore.com. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ^ "Steven Soderbergh Movie Box Office Results". www.boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
- ^ "Steven Soderbergh Movie Box Office Results". www.boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
Sources
- Waxman, Sharon (2005). Rebels on the Backlot: Six Maverick Directors and How They Conquered the Hollywood Studio System. New York: HarperEntertainment. ISBN 9780060540173.
- deWaard, Andrew, and R. Colin Tait (2013). The Cinema of Steven Soderbergh: Indie Sex, Corporate Lies, and Digital Videotape. New York: Wallflower/Columbia University Press.
- Baker, Aaron (2011). Steven Soderbergh. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
- Gallagher, Mark (2013). Another Steven Soderbergh Experience: Authorship and Contemporary Hollywood. Austin: University of Texas Press.
- Wood, Jason (2002). Steven Soderbergh. Harpenden, UK: Pocket Essentials.
- Palmer, R. Barton, and Steven Sanders (2011). The Philosophy of Steven Soderbergh. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
Further reading
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Steven Soderbergh at IMDb
- Steven Soderbergh at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
- Steven Soderbergh Bibliography (via UC Berkeley)
- Steven Soderbergh: Interviews
- 1963 births
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