Bangladesh Navy

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Bangladesh Navy
বাংলাদেশ নৌবাহিনী
Bānglādēśh Naubāhinī
The Crest of the Bangladesh Navy
Active1971–present
CountryBangladesh
AllegianceConstitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
TypeNavy
Size21,281[1]
Part ofBangladesh Armed Forces
Naval HeadquartersNaval Headquarter (NHQ), Banani, Dhaka
Nickname(s)BN
PatronThe President of Bangladesh
Motto(s)"শান্তিতে সংগ্রামে সমুদ্রে দুর্জয়" Shantite Shongrame Shamudre Durjoy (English: In War and Peace Invincible at Sea)
ColorsWhite, Blue   
Anniversaries26 March 7 November.
EngagementsBangladesh Liberation War
Operation Jackpot
2008 Bangladesh-Myanmar Maritime Dispute
Websitewww.navy.mil.bd
Commanders
Commander-in-chiefPresident Abdul Hamid
Chief of Naval StaffAdmiral Mohammad Nizamuddin Ahmed, OSP, BCGM, ndc, psc, BN
Insignia
Naval Ensign
Naval Jack
Aircraft flown
HelicopterAW-109 Power, Harbin Z-9
PatrolDornier 228 NG

The Bangladesh Navy (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ নৌবাহিনী; Bangladesh Nou Bahini) is the naval warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces, responsible for Bangladesh's 118,813 square kilometres (45,874 sq mi) of maritime territorial area, and the defense of important harbors, military bases and economic zones.[2] The President of Bangladesh serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. The Chief of Naval Staff, usually a four-star officer in the rank of admiral, commands the navy.[3][failed verification] The Bangladesh Navy came into existence during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, and is headed by Admiral Mohammad Nizamuddin Ahmed.

The Bangladesh Navy has 21,281[1] personnel on active duty. 44 women were enlisted as sailors in the navy.[4]

The primary role of Bangladesh Navy is to protect country's economic and military interest at home and abroad. The Bangladesh navy is a front line disaster management force in Bangladesh and humanitarian missions abroad. It is a key regional player in counter terrorism efforts and engages in global peacekeeping with the United Nations.[5][6][7]

In recent years, the Bangladesh Navy has undergone rapid modernization to expand Naval fleet strength and expand Naval capabilities.[8] The modernization is a part of Forces Goal 2030, with which Bangladesh Navy intends to transform into a Three Dimensional force to develop Blue water economy and to enhance its position in the region.[9][10]

History

Main article: Military history of Bangladesh

Origins

The Bangladesh Navy was created as part of Bangladesh Forces during Bangladesh's 1971 liberation war against Pakistan. Its official creation date is July 1971 during the Bangladesh Sector Commanders Conference 1971. In 1971, with West Pakistan imposing a brutal military crackdown in East Pakistan, the Bangladesh Liberation War was already underway. Many Bengali sailors and officers in the Pakistan Navy defected to form the nascent Bangladesh Navy. Initially, there were two ships PADMA and PALASH and 45 navy personnel. On 9 November 1971, the first naval fleet consisting of six small patrol vessels were inaugurated.[11] These ships tried to carry out raids on the Pakistani fleet, but were mistakenly hit and sunk by Indian Air Force on 10 December 1971. The next major attack was launched on Mongla seaport. According to official figures from Bangladesh Navy, a total of 334 sailors were involved with the newly created navy with 22 being killed in action.[12]

Independence to the end of the 20th century

The Bangladesh Navy (BN) came into being during the Liberation War of the country in 1971, in which it suffered a number of fatalities. The navy carried out around 45 operations during the war, including traditional naval operations as well as unconventional commando operations including guerrilla warfare. At the first leg of war, defecting Bengali sailors joined the guerrilla forces. It was the eight sailors who defected from the Pakistan Navy submarine PNS Mangro, under construction in France, that pioneered the formation of naval element during the Liberation War. Later many other naval personnel participated. So far the information could be known, there are 334 naval participants; out of which 22 died. To avoid misunderstanding and to get necessary assistance naval planners used to co-ordinate in the planning phase with other sector commanders to carry out operation in their respective sectors. During the Liberation War East Pakistan was divided into 11 sectors. Each sector had a Commander and demarcated area of responsibility except sector 10. It is said that the area of responsibility of sector 10 was the coastal belt but in reality its operation was spread all over the country.[13]

In 1971, it was imperative for the occupation force to keep ports, harbours operative and the sea lines of communication open. The Bangladesh Navy fought to block the sea lines of communication as well as to make the sea and river ports inoperative. They attacked all the seaports including many river ports. Operation Jackpot is one of the most known successful operations. They carried out mining in the Pasur River Channel by patrol craft. With other fighters they also carried out attack against the Pakistan Army. As a result, Bangladesh became an independent state within the shortest possible time. Naval participation was extended to a great extent.[14]

After independence, especially in the 1970s, additional naval infrastructure was required. Two ex-Royal Navy frigates joined the Bangladesh Navy as BNS Umar Farooq and BNS Ali Haider in 1976 and 1978 respectively. Later, in 1982 a third ex-Royal Navy frigate joined the BN as BNS Abu Bakar. The acquisition of these three frigates is considered the principal foundation of Bangladesh Navy.[15]

21st century

See also: 2008 Bangladesh–Myanmar naval standoff

In 2011, the Bangladesh Navy's rescue and medical team, along with the Bangladesh Army was deployed to Japan after Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.[16] Bangladesh Navy have been an active disaster recovery force abroad. In 2013, the navy deployed BNS Somudra Joy carrying humanitarian assistance worth of $1 million. Navy's medical team were also deployed to Philippines.[17]

The Bangladesh Navy joined in the search operation of missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 with BNS Bangabandhu, BNS Umar Farooq and a Dornier Do-228NG MPA in March 2014. The aircraft was a Boeing 777-200ER which gone missing with 12 Malaysian crew members and 227 passengers from 14 nations during the flight from Malaysia to China. Later, BNS Umar Farooq was replaced by BNS Somudra Joy. The search was renewed in May 2014 when an Australian exploration company claimed to have traced aircraft debris in the Bay of Bengal.[18] In 2014, During the Water Crisis in Maldives, the Bangladesh Navy was the first to launch humanitarian aid relief by deploying BNS Somudra Joy with 100 tonnes of bottled water.[19]

Forces Goal 2030

In 2009, the Bangladesh government adopted a long-term modernisation plan for its armed forces called Forces Goal 2030. Under this plan the navy gained importance due to the strategic importance of the Bay of Bengal and the possibility of getting large oil and gas deposits in the bay. As a result, several steps were taken to make the navy a three-dimensional deterrent force.[20] As part of the modernisation plan, the BN procured two refurbished Type 053H2 (Jianghu III) frigates from China in 2014.[21] Two United States Coast Guard High Endurance Cutters joined the BN in 2013[22] and 2015[23] which are being used as patrol frigates. Navy also bought an Ex-Royal Navy Roebuck-class survey vessel and two ex-Royal Navy Template:Sclass2- offshore patrol vessels (OPVs) which were converted to guided missile corvettes in 2011.[24] Two Type 056 corvettes joined the BN in 2016 while two more were ordered in July 2015 and they are under construction.[25] Two Template:Sclass- large patrol craft (LPCs) were built in China and joined the BN in 2013.[26] Two more ships of the same class with dedicated ASW capabilities were commissioned in 2017.[27]

The Bangladesh Navy opened its aviation wing on 14 July 2011 with the induction of two AgustaWestland AW109 helicopters. Later on, two Dornier Do-228NG MPA were introduced in 2013.[28] To attain underwater operational capabilities, the Bangladesh Navy inducted two off-the-shelf Type 035G (Ming class) submarines from China on 12 March 2017.[29][30] A new base for the Bangladesh Navy, named BNS Sher-e-Bangla, is being constructed at Rabanabad in Patuakhali. It will be the largest naval base of the Bangladesh Navy with submarine berthing and aviation facilities.[31] Meanwhile, a separate submarine base, named BNS Sheikh Hasina, is under construction at Pekua in Cox's Bazar.[32]

UN missions, multinational exercises and naval diplomacy

Vice Admiral Ahmed received by Vice Chief of Naval Staff of the Indian Navy, Vice Admiral Lanba

In 1993 the Bangladesh Navy joined United Nations Peacekeeping Operations.[33] Its first UN mission came in 2005, when a Bangladesh Navy contingent was sent to Sudan as Force Riverine Unit (FRU).[34][35] The Bangladesh Navy is currently serving in United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) in Lebanon since 2010, when two ships, BNS Osman and BNS Madhumati, were deployed there in May of that year. The BN is the third Asian and only subcontinental navy to serve in the volatile region. The BN maintained the two ships thousands of miles from Bangladesh in the Mediterranean Sea for four years until June 2014, when the ships were replaced by BNS Ali Haider and BNS Nirmul.[36]

BN Chief of Staff VA. Farid Habib with Vice Adm. Paul F. Zukunft, Pacific Area commander

BN ships regularly participate in exercises with other navies, gaining valuable experience and improving their fighting capabilities. CARAT is a yearly exercise conducted with the United States Navy in the Bay of Bengal since 2011.[37] The BN has sent an OPV to every MILAN multinational naval exercise held near the Andaman Islands since 2010.[38] AMAN, another multinational exercise held every two years in the Arab Sea, organised by the Pakistan Navy, has also seen participation by BN frigates since 2009.[39] BNS Bangabandhu participated in Exercise Ferocious Falcon, a Multinational Crisis Management Exercise, held at Doha, Qatar in November 2012,[40] while BNS Somudra Joy participated the same exercise in 2015.[41] BNS Abu Bakar took part in 14th Western Pacific Naval Symposium and International Fleet Review-2014 in Qingdao, Shandong Province of China in April 2014.[42] She also perticipated in Langkawi International Maritime and Aerospace Exhibition (LIMA)-2015 held at Malaysia.[43]

Command and control

Bangladesh Navy (BN) has its headquarters at Banani, Dhaka.[44][failed verification][45][failed verification]

According to the Constitution of Bangladesh, the President of Bangladesh is the commander-in chief of Bangladesh Armed Forces. The Chief of Naval Staff (CNS), a four-star Admiral,[3][failed verification] is the highest admiral, directs the non-combat and combatant operations from the Naval Headquarters (NHQ) in Dhaka. The headquarters has four branches: Operations (O), Personnel (P), Material (M) and Logistics (Log). Each branch is headed by officers who are titled as Principal Staff Officer (PSO) and known as Assistant Chief of Naval Staff (ACNS), e.g., ACNS (O). Under each PSO there are various Directorates headed by Directors with the rank of Commodore or Captain. Under each Director there are Deputy Directors (DD) and Staff Officers (SO). The Bangladesh Navy has seven major combatant commands and the office of Naval Secretary, each command is commanded by a Rear admiral or Commodore, who directly reports to Chief of Naval Staff.[46][47][failed verification]

Flag officers holding command or important positions in the Bangladesh Navy are as follows:

Area commands

Appointment Rank and Name
Commander Chittagong Naval Area (COMCHIT) Rear Admiral M Abu Ashraf
Commander Bangladesh Navy Fleet (COMBAN) Rear Admiral M Ashraful Haque
Naval Secretary, NHQ Commodore
Commodore Commanding Khulna (COMKHUL) Commodore M Shamsul Alam
Commodore Naval Administrative Authority Dhaka (Admin Dhaka) Commodore
Commodore Superintendent Dockyard (CSD) Commodore Mohammad Moyeenul Haque
Commander Special Warfare and Diving and Salvage Command (COMSWADS) Commodore Shah Aslam Parvez
Commodore Naval Aviation(COMNAV) Rear Admiral M Abu Ashraf

External billets

Appointment Rank and Name
Vice Chancellor, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University Rear Admiral A S M A Baten
Director General, Bangladesh Coast Guard Rear Admiral Aurangzeb Chowdhury
Senior Directing Staff (Navy), National Defence College Rear Admiral Muhammad Anwarul Islam
Chairman, Chittagong Port Authority Rear Admiral M Khaled Iqbal
Chairman, Payra Port Authority Commodore M Jahangir Alam
Chairman, Mongla Port Authority Commodore A K M Faruque Hassan
Managing Director, Khulna Shipyard Limited Commodore Anisur Rahman Mollah
Managing Director, Narayanganj Dockyard and Engineering Works Limited Commodore Sheikh Arif Mahmood
Managing Director, Chittagong Dry Dock Limited Commodore Mohammad Nazmul Karim Kislu
Director General, Sena Kalyan Songstha Commodore Sheikh Md. Kamrul Haque
Director General, Department of Shipping Commodore Syed Ariful Islam
Managing Director, Bangladesh Shipping Corporation Commodore Yahya Syed
Chairman, Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority Commodore M Mozammel Haque
See also: List of Chiefs of Naval Staff

Commissioned officers rank

Main article: Ranks and insignia of Bangladesh Navy
Structure of the Commissioned officer rank of the Bangladesh Navy
NATO code OF-10 OF-9 OF-8 OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2 OF-1 OF(D) Student officer
Bangladesh Bangladesh
(Edit)







Admiral of the
Fleet1 		Admiral Vice Admiral Rear admiral Commodore Captain Commander Lieutenant-
Commander 		Lieutenant Sub-
Lieutenant 		Midshipman Officer
Cadet

Shore establishments

  1. BNS Shaheed Moazzem
  2. BNS Titumir
  3. BNS Haji Mohshin
  4. BNS Ulka
  5. BNS Issa Khan
  6. BNS Vatiary

Bangladesh Naval Academy

The Bangladesh Naval Academy, is the home of naval cadets for the future officers of Bangladesh Navy, and offers academic degrees programs at its academy. The academy also provides education, athletic and military training programs to the officers of allied navies, which includes many navy personnel from Qatar, Sri Lanka, Maldivean and Palestinian Navy.[49][50]

Special operations forces

Main article: Special Warfare Diving and Salvage

The Special Warfare Diving and Salvage (reporting name: SWADS) is the principle and elite special operation force of the Bangladesh Navy. The unit was raised by the Bangladesh Navy in 2009 under the guidance of United States Navy SEALs for Direct action, Amphibious reconnaissance, Intelligence gathering and Counter-terrorism. The SWADS operatives are recruited from the Navy and trained in South Korea, Turkey and United States. The operatives go through a long and extremely tough training sessions where the average drop rate during training is approximately 95%. Although the official strength remains classified, estimated strength is thought to be between 1500 and 2000 operatives. The sub-units inside SWADS includes SEAL, UDT, SBS, EOD, BPC and Sniper, giving the unit Sea, Land and Air Strike Capabilities.[51][52]

Branches

Bangladesh Navy has 6 administrative branches:[53]

  • The Executive Branch: The Executive branch is responsible for Seamanship, Navigation, Communication, Torpedo Anti Submarine, Gunnery and Hydrographic activities.
  • The Engineering Branch: The Engineering branch is responsible for maintaining Ships engines, hull, propulsion and other mechanical and hydraulic systems of the ship to keep the Ship operational, ensuring its stability, sea keeping, fire fighting and damage control capabilities.
  • The Supply Branch: The supply branch is responsible for providing all logistic support to ships / shore establishments and also secretarial duties. In wartime the supply officer works as Action Crypto Officer.
  • The Electrical Branch: Commonly known as Weapon Electrical branch. The electrical branch is responsible for generation and distribution of power supply in the ship, maintenance of all electrical/electronic equipment, which include Communication Equipment, Radar, Weapon systems and Armaments of the ship.
  • Education Branch :The Education Branch remains committed for instructional duties. Officers work in the Naval law department are also recruited for the education branch.
  • Medical Branch: Doctors from Army Medical and Dental core are deputed in the Navy for short duration. They serve in the ship/establishment and also in naval hospital.

D&R

Serial & Branch Seaman Mechanical Secretariat Supply Electrical Radio Electrical Regulating Medical
01 OD (Ordinary Seaman) ME II WTR II SA II EN II REN II PM II MA II
02 AB (Able Seaman) ME I WTR I SA I EN I REN I PM I MA I
03 LS (Leading Seaman) LME LWTR LSA LEN LREN LPM LMA
04 PO (Petty Officer) ERA-IV PO(W) PO(S) EA-IV REA-IV PO(R) PO(Med)
05 CPO (Chief Petty Officer) ERA-I/II/III CPO(W) CPO(S) EA-I/II/III REA-I/II/III CPO(REG) CPO(Med)
06 SCPO (Senior Chief Petty Officer) SCPO(E), SCPO(W) SCPO(S) SCPO(L),EA-II/II SCPO(R),REA-II/II SCPO(Reg) SCPO(Med)
07 MCPO (Master Chief Petty Officer) MCPO(E) MCPO(S) MCPO(S) MCPO(L)/CEA MCPO(R)/CREA MCPO(Reg) MCPO(Med)
08 Honorary Sub Lieutenant(X) Hon S Lt(E) Hon S Lt(S) Hon S Lt(S) Hon S Lt(L) Hon S Lt(R) Hon S Lt(Reg) Hon S Lt(W/M)
09 Honorary Lieutenant(X) Hon Lt(E) Hon Lt(S) Hon Lt(S) Hon Lt(L) Hon Lt(R) Hon Lt(Reg) Hon Lt(W/M)

Equipment

Main article: List of active ships of the Bangladesh Navy
See also: List of historic ships of the Bangladesh Navy for a list of historic ships of the Bangladesh Navy.

As 2016 Bangladesh navy have four Guided Missile Frigates,[54] two patrol frigates, four Corvettes, thirty-eight minor surface combatants of various types (including patrol vessels, missile boats, and mine hunters), and thirty auxiliaries. In addition, six shore establishments are also maintained.[55] In the recent years it has also acquired SWADS and Naval Aviation.The naval aviation[56] unit have with both fixed-wing aircraft and rotorcraft.

Submarines

In November 2016 Bangladesh navy received two Ming Class Attack Submarine from People's Liberation Army Navy of China.[57] The Diesel-electric submarines displace 2,110 tons with a surface endurance of up to 8,000 nm / 9kts, underwater navigation in the snorkel use 1,0380 nm / 8kts, when the battery use is 330 nm / 4kts. Maximum insidious depth of 300m/980 ft allowing it to stay at sea for about 60 days.[58] The boats, which were previously in service with the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) with pennant numbers 356 and 357, were handed over to Bangladesh Navy chief, Admiral Nizamuddin Ahmed, on 14 November at a shipyard in Dalian, China. It could carry 57 personnel and 18 Torpedoes with an option of loading 32 mines as well.With the new type 035G Submarines at hand, the Bangladesh Navy could now ensure maritime border security in the Bay of Bengal. The deal, which reportedly costs $203 million, reflects the growing economic and defence relations between Bangladesh and China.[59]

Ships

Personnel aboard BNS Bangabandhu
File:BNS Nirmul.jpg
BNS Nirmul, a Template:Sclass-
Type Number of ships Notes
Frigate 6 Four additional frigates are to be purchased for $420 million
Corvette 4 Two Type 056-class corvettes entered service in 2016. Two additional Type 056-class vessels were ordered from China in 2015.[60]
Large patrol craft 6 Two Template:Sclass- are currently under construction; a total of eight are planned
Offshore patrol vessel 11 Five indigenous Template:Sclass- were acquired in 2013; a total of 23 are planned.
Fast attack craft-missile 4 4 boats have been upgraded with C-704 AShM. 05 missile boats decommissioned in 2017.
Fast attack craft-gun 5 04 gun-boats decommissioned in 2017
Fast Attack craft-ASW 4 2 Yugoslavian-built and 2 Chinese-built ASW craft in service.
Minesweeper 5 Mainly used as offshore patrol vessels.
Survey ship 2
Training ship 1 An Ex-RN Island-class OPV
Amphibious warfare 15
Repair ship 1
Tanker 2
Floating dock 1
Auxiliaries 11

Naval aviation

See also: List of active Bangladesh military aircraft
Type Country Class Role Date Status No. Notes
AgustaWestland AW109 Italy Rotorcraft Utility 2 [61]
Dornier Do 228 Germany Propeller MPA 2 2 more on order with Leonardo's seaspray 5000E Active Electronically Scanned Array surveillance radar.[62][61]

Missiles

Name Type Range Origin Notes
Otomat Mk 2 Block IV Anti-ship missile 200 km  Italy
C-802A[63] Anti-ship missile 180 km  People's Republic of China
C-704 Anti-ship missile 35 km  People's Republic of China
SY-1 Anti-ship missile 150 km  People's Republic of China
FM-90 Surface-to-air missile 15 km  People's Republic of China
FL-3000N Surface-to-air missile 10 km  People's Republic of China
A244-S Torpedo 6 km  Italy

Small arms

Name Type Caliber Origin Notes
Type 92 Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm China Standard issue sidearm.
Type 54 Semi-automatic pistol 7.62×25mm China In special Forces and reserve use.
SIG Sauer P226/228/229 Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm Germany Switzerland
Type 56 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm Bangladesh Upgraded version of Ak-47. Produced under license by BOF.
BD-08 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm Bangladesh Produced under license by BOF.
M4A1 Assault rifle 5.56×45mm US SWADS.
Daewoo K2 Assault rifle 5.56×45mm S.Korea SWADS.
M24 sniper rifle sniper rifle 7.62×51mm US SWADS.
Heckler and Koch MP5 sub-machine gun 9×19mm Germany
Daewoo K7 sub-machine gun 9×19mm S.Korea
BD-08 Light machine gun 7.62×39mm Bangladesh Produced under license by BOF.
DShK Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm Russia

Future expansion plan

Bangladesh has made a long term modernisation plan for its Armed Forces named Forces Goal 2030.[64] Under this goal, navy will be a three-dimensional deterrent force with air, surface and underwater operational capabilities.[64] Bangladesh navy has ordered two Type 056 corvettes from China in July 2015 which will be delivered in the first quarter of 2018.[25] Khulna Shipyard is constructing two hydrographic research ships for the Bangladesh Navy. The modernisation of the currently used ships is also going on. Two navigational radars with helicopter landing control facilities are being procured for BNS Dhaleshwari and BNS Bijoy. Contract has been signed for the supply of two air search radars for BNS Abu Bakar and BNS Ali Haider. BN has issued a tender for the procurement of two helicopters with anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface vessel warfare (ASuW), over-the-horizon targeting (OTHT), maritime search and rescue (MSAR), medical evacuation (MEDEVAC), casualty evacuation (CASEVAC) and special mission capabilities. The helicopters will be inducted in 2017.[65]

A tender has been issued for the supply of Technical Data Link (TDL) system. The system will connect 16 platforms as 2 frigates, 4 corvettes, 1 LPC, 3 shore stations, 2 helicopters, 2 MPAs and two submarines.[66] Bangladesh Navy is setting up a new base at Rabanabad in Patuakhali named BNS Sher E Bangla, which will be the largest naval base of the country. The base will have submarine berthing and aviation facilities.[31] A separate submarine base named BNS Sheikh Hasina, is under construction at Pekua in Cox's Bazar.[32] Another full-fledged base is under construction in Khilkhet of Dhaka.[67] In July 2017, the minister responsible for defence affairs at parliament Anisul Huq discussed about the past, present and future development programs for the Bangladesh Navy. He told that 333 acres of land acquisition has been done in Pekua of Cox's Bazar for the construction of submarine base. Navy signed a memorandum of understanding with China for the construction of the base. Contract has been signed for two maritime patrol aircraft on 27 March 2017. Minister said that the process is going on for procuring four minesweepers and one sail training ship. Process of constructing six frigates at Chittagong Dry Dock in collaboration with foreign shipbuilders is also going on. Government has taken initiative for making missiles and Identification friend or foe system in Bangladesh.[68]

See also

References

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External links

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