Chokri language
Appearance
- Chokri leads here. For Arabic-based name Chokri, see Shukri
Chokri | |
---|---|
Native to | India |
Region | Nagaland |
Ethnicity | Chakhesang Naga |
Native speakers | 111,062 (2011 census)[1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | nri |
Glottolog | chok1243 |
ELP | Chokri Naga |
Chokri, (also known as Chakrü, Chakhesang and Eastern Angami) is one of three languages spoken by the Chakhesang Naga of Phek district, Nagaland state, India.[2] There are also some Chokri speakers residing in the Senapati District of Manipur.[2] In 1991, it was estimated that there were 20,000 native Chokri speakers.[3]
Phonology
Labial | Alveolar/Retroflex | (Alveolo-) palatal |
Velar | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | lateral | ||||||
Nasal | voiced | m | n | (ɲ) | (ŋ) | ||
voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | |||||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | |||
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | ||||
voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||||
Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | (t͡ɕ) | ||||
aspirated | t͡sʰ | (t͡ɕʰ) | |||||
voiced | d͡z | (d͡ʑ) | |||||
Fricative | voiceless | s | (ɕ) | h | |||
voiced | v | z | (ʑ) | (ɣ) | |||
Approximant | voiceless | ɻ̊ | l̥ | ||||
voiced | ɻ | l |
- /b/ is heard as a fricative [β] when before /ɯ/.
- /p/ is heard as [pf] when before /ɨ/.
- /m/ is heard as [ɱ] when before high back vowels.
- /ts, tsʰ, dz/ is heard as [tɕ, tɕʰ, dʑ], /s, z/ as [ʑ, ɕ], and /n/ as [ɲ], all occurring when before /i/.
- /n/ is heard as [ŋ] between two high back vowels.
- /k, kʰ/ can also be heard as [q, qʰ], /ɡ/ as [ɣ], /ɻ/ as [ɣ, ʁ], and /ɻ̊/ as [χ] all occurring in free variation.
Front | Central | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Close | i | ɨ | u | ɯ |
Mid | e | o | ||
Open | a |
- /ɨ/ is heard as [ə] in unstressed position.
- Sounds /e, o/ can be heard as [ɛ, ɔ] in free variation.
Script
The Chokri language is largely written in the Latin script.[4]
References
- ^ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- ^ a b Chokri language at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b c Bielenberg, Brian; Zhalie, Nienu (Fall 2001). "Chokri (Phek Dialect): Phonetics and Phonology" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 24 (2): 85–122. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
- ^ Sachdeva, Rajesh (2001). Language Education in Nagaland: Sociolinguistic Dimensions. Regency Publications. ISBN 9788187498339.