List of national capitals

This is a list of national capitals, including capitals of territories and dependencies, non-sovereign states including associated states and entities whose sovereignty is disputed.

The capitals included on this list are those associated with states or territories listed by the international standard ISO 3166-1, or that are included in the list of states with limited recognition.

Sovereign states and observer states within the United Nations are shown in bold text.

List

City/Town	Country/Territory	Notes
Abidjan (former capital; still has many government offices)	Ivory Coast
Yamoussoukro (official)
Abu Dhabi	United Arab Emirates
Abuja	Nigeria	Lagos was the capital from 1914 to 1991.
Accra	Ghana
Adamstown	Pitcairn Islands	British Overseas Territory.
Addis Ababa	Ethiopia
Aden (de facto, temporary)	Yemen	Sana'a has been occupied by Houthi rebels since February 2015. Aden, the former capital of South Yemen, is Yemen's acting capital. See also: Yemeni Civil War (2015–present).
Sana'a (de jure)
Algiers	Algeria
Alofi	Niue	Self-governing in free association with New Zealand.
Amman	Jordan
Amsterdam (official)	Netherlands	The Dutch constitution refers to Amsterdam as the "capital". Also of the public bodies of: Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius.
The Hague (de facto)		The Dutch government is located in The Hague, which also hosts the monarch, government ministries, judiciary and diplomatic missions.
Andorra la Vella	Andorra
Ankara	Turkey	Ankara replaced Istanbul as the capital of the newly-formed Republic of Turkey in 1923, after the Turkish War of Independence. Istanbul was the capital of Turkey's predecessor, the Ottoman Empire.
Antananarivo	Madagascar
Apia	Samoa
Ashgabat	Turkmenistan
Asmara	Eritrea
Astana	Kazakhstan	Astana was named Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2022. Almaty was the capital from 1929 to 1997.
Asunción	Paraguay
Athens	Greece
Avarua	Cook Islands	Self-governing in free association with New Zealand. Sometimes incorrectly referred to as Rarotonga, the name of the island on which Avarua is located.
Baghdad	Iraq
Baku	Azerbaijan
Bamako	Mali
Bandar Seri Begawan	Brunei
Bangkok	Thailand
Bangui	Central African Republic
Banjul	The Gambia
Basseterre	Saint Kitts and Nevis
Beijing	China	See also: Historical capitals of China. Sub-divisions of Hong Kong and Macau.
Beirut	Lebanon
Belgrade	Serbia
Belmopan	Belize
Berlin	Germany	Bonn was the capital of West Germany and remained the seat of government for united Germany until 1999.
Bern (de facto)	Switzerland	Switzerland has no official capital.
Bishkek	Kyrgyzstan
Bissau	Guinea-Bissau
Bloemfontein (judicial)	South Africa
Cape Town (legislative)
Pretoria (executive)
Bogotá	Colombia
Brades (de facto)	Montserrat	British Overseas Territory. Plymouth was abandoned after the eruption of the Soufriere Hills volcano in 1997. Government offices since then have been moved to Brades, which is in the northwestern part of Montserrat.
Plymouth (official)
Brasília	Brazil	Rio de Janeiro was the capital until 1960. See also: Capitals of Brazil
Bratislava	Slovakia
Brazzaville	Congo
Bridgetown	Barbados
Brussels	Belgium	Also the de facto capital of the European Union.
Bucharest	Romania
Budapest	Hungary	See also: List of historical capitals of Hungary
Buenos Aires	Argentina
Cairo	Egypt	A new capital is being built at the New Administrative Capital. It could be named Egypt. See also: List of historical capitals of Egypt
Camp Thunder Cove	British Indian Ocean Territory	British Overseas Territory.
Canberra	Australia	Planned city built to overcome the rivalry between Melbourne (de facto capital at the time) and Sydney (economic capital and largest population center), which were both put forward as potential capitals for the nation in the Australasia Federation Conventions of the 1890s. Section 125 of the Constitution gives basic details about the location of the capital, size of the encompassing territory and so forth, while the Seat of Government Act 1908 specified its precise location.
Caracas	Venezuela
Castries	Saint Lucia
Cetinje (Old Royal Capital, present seat of the President)	Montenegro
Podgorica (official)
Charlotte Amalie	United States Virgin Islands	Territory of the United States.
Chișinău	Moldova
Cockburn Town	Turks and Caicos Islands	British Overseas Territory.
Colombo (executive, judicial)	Sri Lanka	Until the 1980s, the capital was Colombo, where many important governmental institutions still remain and which is still designated as the commercial capital of Sri Lanka.
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (official)		Also known as Kotte.
Conakry	Guinea
Copenhagen	Denmark
Cotonou (de facto)	Benin
Porto-Novo (official)
Dakar	Senegal
Damascus	Syria
Dar es Salaam (de facto, judicial)	Tanzania	Dar es Salaam, the former capital and largest city continues to serve as the de facto seat of government hosting the presidency, government ministries, judiciary and diplomatic missions.
Dodoma (official, legislative)
Dhaka	Bangladesh
Dili	East Timor
Djibouti City	Djibouti
Doha	Qatar
Douglas	Isle of Man	British Crown Dependency.
Dublin	Ireland
Dushanbe	Tajikistan
Flying Fish Cove	Christmas Island	External territory of Australia.
Freetown	Sierra Leone
Funafuti	Tuvalu
Gaborone	Botswana
George Town	Cayman Islands	British Overseas Territory.
Georgetown	Ascension Island	Part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
Georgetown	Guyana
Gibraltar	Gibraltar	British Overseas Territory.
Gitega (official)	Burundi	Bujumbura was the capital from 1962 to 2018.
Bujumbura (de facto)
Guatemala City	Guatemala
Gustavia	Saint Barthélemy	Overseas collectivity of France.
Hagåtña	Guam	Territory of the United States.
Hamilton	Bermuda	British Overseas Territory.
Hanoi	Vietnam	See also: List of historical capitals of Vietnam
Harare	Zimbabwe
Hargeisa	Somaliland	Unrecognized and self-declared state, de jure part of Somalia.
Havana	Cuba
Helsinki	Finland
Honiara	Solomon Islands
Islamabad	Pakistan	Karachi was selected as the first capital of Pakistan and served as such until the capital was shifted to Rawalpindi in 1958. Rawalpindi served as an interim capital for almost a decade until the construction of Islamabad was complete.
Jakarta	Indonesia	A new purpose-built city named Nusantara in Kalimantan is planned to replace Jakarta as the national capital from the mid-2020s.
Jamestown	Saint Helena	Part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
Jerusalem	Israel	The Jerusalem Law states that "Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel" and the city serves as the seat of the Israeli government and its institutions. United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 declared the Jerusalem Law "null and void" and called on member states to withdraw their diplomatic missions from Jerusalem. Most countries currently maintain their embassies in and around Tel Aviv. The United States recognized Jerusalem as the capital and moved its embassy there in May 2018. Many countries officially adhere to the proposal that Jerusalem have international status, as called for in the 1947 Partition Plan.
	Palestine (claimed)
Ramallah (de facto)
Juba	South Sudan
Kabul	Afghanistan
Kampala	Uganda
Kathmandu	Nepal
Khartoum	Sudan
Kigali	Rwanda
King Edward Point	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	British Overseas Territory.
Kingston	Jamaica
Kingston	Norfolk Island	External territory of Australia.
Kingstown	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Kinshasa	Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kuala Lumpur (official, legislative and royal)	Malaysia
Putrajaya (administrative and judicial)
Kuwait City	Kuwait
Kyiv	Ukraine
La Paz (administrative)	Bolivia	La Paz is the highest administrative capital (3,650 m) in the world, higher than Quito.
Sucre (constitutional)
Laâyoune (declared)	Western Sahara [c]	The Sahrawi Republic, recognized by 82 states, claims the mostly Moroccan-controlled Western Sahara. Moroccan-controlled territory includes Laâyoune, and Morocco claims all Sahrawi-controlled territory. Tifariti is now the temporary capital (instead of Bir Lehlou earlier) of the SADR. Some government and military structures reside in exile in Tindouf, Algeria. See Also: Politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.
Tifariti (de facto)
Libreville	Gabon
Lilongwe	Malawi
Lima	Peru	Cusco is declared the "Historical Capital" (Spanish: Capital Historica), a merely symbolic statement, by Article 49 of the Peruvian Constitution. Arequipa is dubbed the "Legal Capital" of Peru for being the seat of the Constitutional Court.
Lisbon	Portugal
Ljubljana	Slovenia
Lobamba (royal and legislative)	Eswatini
Mbabane (administrative)
Lomé	Togo
London	United Kingdom	Prior to the Acts of Union in 1707, London was the capital of England only; Edinburgh was the capital of the Kingdom of Scotland. Sub-divisions of England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland.
Luanda	Angola
Lusaka	Zambia
Luxembourg	Luxembourg
Madrid	Spain
Majuro	Marshall Islands	Self-governing in free association with the United States. The seat of government is at Delpa-Uliga-Djarrit, a settlement on the attoll of Majuro.
Malabo	Equatorial Guinea	Ciudad de la Paz is currently under construction and will become the new capital when complete.
Malé	Maldives
Managua	Nicaragua
Manama	Bahrain
Manila	Philippines
Maputo	Mozambique
Mariehamn	Åland Islands	Autonomous province of Finland.
Marigot	Saint Martin	Overseas collectivity of France.
Maseru	Lesotho
Mata Utu	Wallis and Futuna	Overseas collectivity of France.
Mexico City	Mexico
Minsk	Belarus
Mogadishu	Somalia
Monaco	Monaco	City-state. The Principality of Monaco does not have an official capital designated in its constitution, however, the Commune of Monaco, the country's only commune, is coterminous with the nation, making it the de facto capital.
Monrovia	Liberia
Montevideo	Uruguay
Moroni	Comoros
Moscow	Russia
Muscat	Oman
Nairobi	Kenya
Nassau	Bahamas
Naypyidaw	Myanmar	Yangon was the capital until 2006. See also: List of capitals of Myanmar
N'Djamena	Chad
New Delhi	India	Kolkata was the capital of India until 1911 during the British Raj.
Ngerulmud	Palau	Self-governing in free association with the United States. Koror was the capital of Palau until 2006.
Niamey	Niger
Nicosia	Cyprus  Northern Cyprus	See also: List of divided cities
Nouakchott	Mauritania
Nouméa	New Caledonia	Overseas territory of France.
Nukuʻalofa	Tonga
Nuuk	Greenland	Self-governing country within the Kingdom of Denmark.
Oranjestad	Aruba	Self-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Oslo	Norway	See also: List of historical capitals of Norway
Ottawa	Canada
Ouagadougou	Burkina Faso
Pago Pago	American Samoa	Territory of the United States.
Palikir	Micronesia	Self-governing in free association with the United States. Kolonia is the former capital; and Australia, China, Japan and the United States retain embassies there. Sub-divisions of Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae.
Panama City	Panama
Papeete	French Polynesia	Overseas collectivity of France.
Paramaribo	Suriname
Paris	France	See also: List of Capitals of France
Philipsburg	Sint Maarten	Self-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Phnom Penh	Cambodia
Port Louis	Mauritius
Port Moresby	Papua New Guinea
Port of Spain	Trinidad and Tobago
Port Vila	Vanuatu
Port-au-Prince	Haiti
Prague (official, legislative and executive)	Czech Republic
Brno (judiciary)
Praia	Cape Verde
Pristina	Kosovo[g]	De facto independent state that is recognized by 114 UN member states and by Taiwan. Claimed in whole by the Republic of Serbia as part of its Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo.
Pyongyang	North Korea
Quito	Ecuador	Highest official capital (2,850 m).
Rabat	Morocco
Reykjavík	Iceland
Riga	Latvia
Riyadh	Saudi Arabia
Road Town	British Virgin Islands	British Overseas Territory.
Rome	Italy
Roseau	Dominica
Rothera	British Antarctic Territory	British Overseas Territory.
Saipan	Northern Mariana Islands	Territory of the United States. The seat of government is at Capitol Hill, a settlement on the island of Saipan.
San José	Costa Rica
San Juan	Puerto Rico	Territory of the United States.
San Marino	San Marino
San Salvador	El Salvador
Santiago (official)	Chile
Valparaíso (legislative)		The National Congress of Chile is located in Valparaíso.
Santo Domingo	Dominican Republic
São Tomé	São Tomé and Príncipe
Sarajevo	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Seoul	South Korea
Sejong City (de facto)		On 2 July 2012 some functions of government moved to Sejong and it became the de facto administrative capital of South Korea.
Singapore	Singapore	City-state.
Skopje	North Macedonia
Sofia	Bulgaria
South Tarawa	Kiribati	South Tarawa is a settlement on the atoll of Tarawa.
St. George's	Grenada
St. Helier	Jersey	British Crown Dependency.
St. John's (de facto)	Antigua and Barbuda	Antigua and Barbuda has no official capital.
St. Peter Port	Guernsey	British Crown Dependency.
St. Pierre	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	Overseas collectivity of France.
Stanley	Falkland Islands	British Overseas Territory.
Stepanakert	Artsakh	The self-declared country remains diplomatically unrecognized by UN-member states, including Armenia. Transnistria, South Ossetia, and Abkhazia all recognize the state. Claimed in whole by Azerbaijan.
Stockholm	Sweden
Sukhumi	Abkhazia	De facto independent state recognized by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Venezuela, South Ossetia and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by the Republic of Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
Suva	Fiji
Taipei	Taiwan	Officially the Republic of China (ROC), it has been competing for recognition with the People's Republic of China (PRC) as the sole Chinese government since 1949. Taiwan controls the island of Taiwan and its associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas, and part of the Spratly Islands. Its territory is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China. The Republic of China participates in the World Health Organization and a number of non-UN international organizations such as the World Trade Organization, the International Olympic Committee and others under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly Chinese Taipei.
Tallinn	Estonia
Tashkent	Uzbekistan
Tbilisi	Georgia
Tegucigalpa	Honduras	Comayaguela is declared in the Honduran Constitution as co-official capital with Tegucigalpa. Now they have merged into a single Metropolitan Area.
Tehran	Iran
Thimphu	Bhutan
Tirana	Albania
Tiraspol	Transnistria	De facto independent state, not recognized by any UN-member, but by Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Claimed in whole by the Republic of Moldova as the Territorial Unit of Transnistria.
Tokyo	Japan	See also: Capital of Japan
Tórshavn	Faroe Islands	Self-governing country within the Kingdom of Denmark.
Tripoli	Libya
Tskhinvali	South Ossetia	De facto independent state recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Venezuela, Abkhazia and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by the Republic of Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.
Tunis	Tunisia
Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia
Vaduz	Liechtenstein
Valletta	Malta
The Valley	Anguilla	British Overseas Territory.
Vatican City	Vatican City	City-state.
Victoria	Seychelles
Vienna	Austria
Vientiane	Laos
Vilnius	Lithuania
Warsaw	Poland
Washington, D.C.	United States	The capital of the United States has moved multiple times. See also: National capitals of the United States
Wellington	New Zealand	Since 1865. Wellington is New Zealand's third capital. See also: Capital of New Zealand.
West Island	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	External territory of Australia.
Willemstad	Curaçao	Self-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Windhoek	Namibia
Yaoundé	Cameroon
Yaren (de facto)	Nauru	Nauru has no official capital; however, the government offices are in Yaren.
Yerevan	Armenia
Zagreb	Croatia