Madonna: Difference between revisions
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In October, 2007 Madonna announced her departure from record company [[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]] and a new $120 million, ten year contract with pop concert promoters [[Live Nation]]. She will be the founding recording artist for the new music division, ''Live Nation Artists'' (formerly ''Artist Nation''), and the deal will consist of albums, tours, merchandise and promotion.<ref>[] {{cite web |first= |last= |url=http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=210072 |title=Madonna Joins Forces With Live Nation in Revolutionary Global Music Partnership |publisher=PR Newswire |date=|accessdate=2008-06-03}}</ref> The Warner Bros. deal will be completed with her 2008 ''[[Hard Candy (Madonna album)|Hard Candy]]'' album and a compilation album due at the end of 2008 or early 2009.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.reuters.com/article/musicNews/idUSN0731318620071207 |work=Reuters| title=Label denies Madonna album title speculation| accessdate=}}7 Dec 2007</ref> |
In October, 2007 Madonna announced her departure from record company [[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]] and a new $120 million, ten year contract with pop concert promoters [[Live Nation]]. She will be the founding recording artist for the new music division, ''Live Nation Artists'' (formerly ''Artist Nation''), and the deal will consist of albums, tours, merchandise and promotion.<ref>[] {{cite web |first= |last= |url=http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=210072 |title=Madonna Joins Forces With Live Nation in Revolutionary Global Music Partnership |publisher=PR Newswire |date=|accessdate=2008-06-03}}</ref> The Warner Bros. deal will be completed with her 2008 ''[[Hard Candy (Madonna album)|Hard Candy]]'' album and a compilation album due at the end of 2008 or early 2009.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.reuters.com/article/musicNews/idUSN0731318620071207 |work=Reuters| title=Label denies Madonna album title speculation| accessdate=}}7 Dec 2007</ref> |
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In December 2007, the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] announced Madonna as one of the five inductees of 2008.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/awards/2007-12-13-rockfame_N.htm |title=Madonna, others named to Rock Hall of Fame | work=[[USA Today]]| publisher=Gannett Company |accessdate=2007-12-17}}</ref> The ceremony, which also included fellow inductees [[John Mellencamp]], [[Leonard Cohen]], [[the Ventures]], and [[the Dave Clark Five]], took place on [[March 10]], [[2008]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nme.com/news/madonna/33165 | title=Madonna to be inducted into Rock'n'Roll Hall Of Fame |work=NME News | accessdate=2007-12-17}}</ref> Madonna was inducted into the Hall by [[Justin Timberlake]]. Madonna also directed her first film, ''[[Filth and Wisdom]]'' and produced ''[[I Am Because We Are]]'', a documentary on the problems faced by Malawians.<ref>[http://www.iambecausewearefilm.com/ I AM BECAUSE WE ARE : A Documentary Film produced by Madonna<!-- Bot generated title-->]</ref> |
In November 2007, The [[New York Post]] claimed animal lovers were "horrified" by Madonna dyeing her sheep for a photograph, and "vilified" for organising pheasant-hunting parties at her estate.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shocking sheep |url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/11302007/gossip/pagesix/shocking_sheep_555258.htm |work=[[New York Post]] |date=[[2007-11-30]] |accessdate=2008-02-02}}</ref> In December 2007, the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] announced Madonna as one of the five inductees of 2008.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/awards/2007-12-13-rockfame_N.htm |title=Madonna, others named to Rock Hall of Fame | work=[[USA Today]]| publisher=Gannett Company |accessdate=2007-12-17}}</ref> The ceremony, which also included fellow inductees [[John Mellencamp]], [[Leonard Cohen]], [[the Ventures]], and [[the Dave Clark Five]], took place on [[March 10]], [[2008]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nme.com/news/madonna/33165 | title=Madonna to be inducted into Rock'n'Roll Hall Of Fame |work=NME News | accessdate=2007-12-17}}</ref> Madonna was inducted into the Hall by [[Justin Timberlake]]. Madonna also directed her first film, ''[[Filth and Wisdom]]'' and produced ''[[I Am Because We Are]]'', a documentary on the problems faced by Malawians.<ref>[http://www.iambecausewearefilm.com/ I AM BECAUSE WE ARE : A Documentary Film produced by Madonna<!-- Bot generated title-->]</ref> |
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In [[August 2008]], Madonna will embarked on a world tour in support of ''Hard Candy'', entitled the ''[[Sticky and Sweet Tour]]''. |
In [[August 2008]], Madonna will embarked on a world tour in support of ''Hard Candy'', entitled the ''[[Sticky and Sweet Tour]]''. |
Revision as of 04:43, 5 June 2008
Madonna |
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Madonna Louise Ciccone Ritchie (born August 16 1958), known artistically as Madonna, is an American pop singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, actress and author. Raised in Detroit, Michigan, Madonna moved to New York City to pursue a career in ballet. After performing as a member of the pop musical groups Breakfast Club and Emmy, she began a career as a solo recording artist with the release of her self-titled debut album in 1983. Madonna has since been regarded as "one of the greatest pop acts of all time", dubbed the "Queen of Pop" by the media.[1][2][3]
Madonna rose to stardom, producing three consecutive number one studio albums on the Billboard 200: Like a Virgin (1984), True Blue (1986), and Like a Prayer (1989). Though the entertainer faced negative critical publicity and modest sales on subsequent albums Erotica (1992) and Bedtime Stories (1994), she garnered critical acclaim with the release of her seventh studio album Ray of Light (1998). Madonna continued to remain in the forefront of pop music with four more consecutive number one studio albums; Music (2000) American Life (2003) Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005) and Hard Candy (2008).
Madonna made her acting debut with the low-budget film A Certain Sacrifice (1979) and went on to star in the 1985 box office hit Desperately Seeking Susan. She has starred in the box office hits Dick Tracy (1990), A League of Their Own (1992) and Evita (1996), which earned her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. However, Madonna has also starred in the critical and commercial failures Shanghai Surprise (1986), Body of Evidence (1993), The Next Best Thing (2000) and Swept Away (2002).
Madonna is ranked by the Recording Industry Association of America as the "Best Selling Female Rock Artist of the Twentieth Century" and the second top-selling female artist in the United States with 63 million certified albums.[4][5] Guinness World Records lists her as the "World’s most successful female recording artist of all time" and the top earning female singer in the world with an estimated net worth of over $400 million, having sold over 200 million albums worldwide.[6][7][8] On March 10, 2008, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[9]
Career
Early life and career debut
Madonna was born Madonna Louise Ciccone (her Catholic confirmation name but not legal second middle name is Veronica) in Bay City, Michigan. Her mother, Madonna Louise (née Fortin), was of French-Canadian descent (though born in Bay City), and her father, Silvio "Tony" P. Ciccone, was a first-generation Italian-American who worked as Chrysler/General Motors design engineer and whose parents originated from Pacentro.[10][11] Madonna is the third of six children; her siblings are Martin, Anthony, Paula Mae, Christopher, and Melanie.[12]
Madonna was raised in a Catholic family in the Detroit suburbs of Pontiac and Avon Township (now Rochester Hills). Madonna's mother died of breast cancer at age 30 on December 1, 1963. Her father married the family housekeeper, Joan Gustafson, and they had two children, Jennifer and Mario. "I didn't accept my stepmother when I was growing up," the singer said, "in retrospect I think I was really hard on her."[13] Madonna convinced her father to allow her to take ballet classes. Madonna attended St. Frederick's Elementary School and St. Andrew's Elementary School (present day Holy Family Regional) and West Middle School. She attended Rochester Adams High School, becoming a straight-A student and a member of the cheerleading squad. Madonna received a dance scholarship to the University of Michigan after graduating from high school.[14]
After being convinced by her ballet teacher to pursue a dance career, Madonna left the University of Michigan at the end of 1977 and moved to New York City.[15] Madonna had little money and for some time lived in squalor, working at Dunkin' Donuts and with modern dance troupes.[16] Madonna has said:"It was the first time I'd ever taken a plane, the first time I'd ever gotten a taxi cab. I came here with $35 in my pocket. It was the bravest thing I'd ever done."[17] While performing as a dancer for the French disco artist Patrick Hernandez on his 1979 world tour,[18] Madonna became romantically involved with the musician Dan Gilroy, with whom she later formed her first rock band, the Breakfast Club in New York.[19] In it, she sang and played drums and guitar before forming the band Emmy in 1980 with drummer and former boyfriend Stephen Bray.[20] She and Bray wrote and produced dance songs that brought her local attention in New York dance clubs. Disc jockey and record producer Mark Kamins was impressed by her demo recordings, so he brought her to the attention of Sire Records founder Seymour Stein.[21]
1982–1985: Madonna debut album and Like a Virgin
In 1982, Madonna signed a singles deal with Sire Records,[22] a label belonging to Warner Bros. Records. Her first release was "Everybody" on April 24, 1982.[23] "Burning Up" followed in March 1983. On May 5, 1983 a promotional single for "Physical Attraction" was released to U.S. radio. Her debut album, Madonna was primarily produced by Reggie Lucas. Madonnas then-boyfriend John "Jellybean" Benitez remixed and rearranged them. He also added a song ("Holiday").
Madonna's look and manner of dress, live performances and music videos, became influential among young girls and women. Defined by lace tops, skirts over capri pants, fishnet stockings, jewelry bearing the Christian cross, and bleached hair, it became a female fashion trend in the 1980s.[24] Her follow up album, Like a Virgin, became her first number one album on the U.S. albums chart,[25] buoyed by the success of its title track, "Like a Virgin", which reached number one in the U.S. with a six week stay at the top.[18] The album sold 8 million copies in the US and another 4 million worldwide at its time of release.[26] She performed the title song at the first MTV Video Music Awards, wearing her then-trademark "Boy Toy" belt.[27] Like a Virgin was listed by the National Association of Recording Merchandisers and Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of the Definitive 200 Albums of All Time.[28][29]
In 1985, Madonna entered mainstream films, beginning with a brief appearance as a club singer in the film Vision Quest. The soundtrack to the film contained her second U.S. #1 single "Crazy for You",[30] as well as the UK hit "Gambler". Later that year, she appeared in Desperately Seeking Susan. The film introduced the song "Into the Groove", which was released with "Angel", and became her first number one in the UK.[31] Madonna embarked on her first concert tour in the U.S. in 1985 titled The Virgin Tour, with The Beastie Boys.[32] In July that year, Penthouse and Playboy magazines published a number of black and white nude photos of Madonna taken in the late 1970s. Madonna took legal action to try and block them from being published, but when that failed she became unapologetic and defiant.[33] At the outdoor Live Aid charity concert at the height of the controversy, Madonna made a critical reference to the media and stated she would not take her jacket off because "they might hold it against me ten years from now".[33]
1986–1991: True Blue, Like a Prayer and Blond Ambition
Madonna's 1986 album True Blue prompted Rolling Stone to say that "it sounds as if it comes from the heart."[34] The album included the ballad "Live to Tell", which she wrote for the film At Close Range, starring her then-husband Sean Penn. In September 1986, True Blue had 8 million shipments in the United States - making it her third best-selling recording there.[35] It produced five successful singles: "Live to Tell" (U.S. #1), "Papa Don't Preach" (U.S. #1), "Open Your Heart" (U.S. #1), "True Blue" (U.S. #3) and "La Isla Bonita" (U.S. #4).[36] In 1986, Madonna also made her theatrical debut and played opposite Sean Penn in a production of David Rabe's Goose and Tom-Tom.[37]
In 1987, Madonna starred in Who's That Girl, and contributed four songs to its soundtrack, including the title track. Its second single, "Causing a Commotion", peaked in the U.S. at #2.[38] The same year, Madonna embarked on the Who's That Girl World Tour. It also marked her first conflict with the Vatican, as Pope John Paul II urging fans not to attend her performances in Italy.[39] Later that year, Madonna released a remix album of past hits, You Can Dance, which included one new song, "Spotlight". In 1988, city officials in the town of Pacentro planned to construct a 13-foot (4 m) statue of Madonna in a bustier. The statue commemorates the fact that her ancestors had lived in Pacentro.[40] In 1988, Madonna starred as Karen in a play by David Mamet called Speed-the-Plow.[41]
Madonna's fourth album, Like a Prayer, released in 1989, was co-written and co-produced with Patrick Leonard and Stephen Bray.[42] All Music Guide described the album as "her best and most consistent",[43] while Rolling Stone hailed it as "...as close to art as pop music gets".[44] Like a Prayer peaked at number one on the US album chart and sold 7 million copies worldwide, with 4 million copies alone sold in the U.S.[45] The album produced five hit singles: the title track, "Express Yourself" (U.S. #1),[46] "Cherish" (U.S. #2),[47] "Oh Father" and "Keep It Together" (U.S. #8).[48] The title song became her seventh #1 in the U.S.[49]
In early 1989, Madonna signed an endorsement deal with soft drink manufacturer Pepsi. She appeared and debuted her new song, "Like a Prayer", in a Pepsi commercial and also made a separate music video in it. The video was condemned by the Vatican.[50] It featured many Catholic symbols, such as stigmata and burning crosses.[51] Since the commercial and music video were nearly identical, Pepsi was unable to convince the public that their commercial actually had nothing that could be deemed inappropriate. Pepsi revoked the commercial and allowed Madonna to keep her 5 million dollar fee, as the contract was nullified.[52]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Madonna_1990.jpg/220px-Madonna_1990.jpg)
In 1990, Madonna starred as "Breathless" Mahoney in a film adaptation of the comic book series Dick Tracy.[53] To accompany the launching of the film, in May 1990 she released I'm Breathless, which included songs inspired by the film's 1930s setting. It featured her eighth U.S. #1 song "Vogue",[54] the Gershwin-esque "Something to Remember", and three songs by Stephen Sondheim including her Academy Award-winning song "Sooner or Later".[55] The second single released from "I'm Breathless" was "Hanky Panky" which peaked in the U.S. at #9.[56] In April 1990, Madonna began her Blond Ambition World Tour. Featuring religious and sexual themes and symbolism, the tour drew controversy from Madonna's performance of "Like a Virgin" during which two male dancers caressed her body before she simulated masturbation.[57] The Pope encouraged Italians not to attend the tour.[58] A private association of Catholics, called Famiglia Domani, also boycotted it for the sexual innuendos and eroticism.[59] In response, Madonna declared, "I am Italian American and proud of it." Madonna said that the Pope's reaction hurt, "because I'm Italian, you know", but in another interview the same year stated that she had ceased to practice Catholicism because the Church "completely frowns on sex… except for procreation".[60]
In November 1990, Madonna released her first greatest hits compilation album, The Immaculate Collection, which included two new songs: "Justify My Love" and "Rescue Me".[61] "Rescue Me" became the highest-debuting single by a female artist in U.S. chart history, entering at #15 and peaking at #9.[18] The music video for "Justify My Love", showed Madonna in suggestive scenes with her then-lover Tony Ward, as well as scenes of sadism and masochism, bondage,[62] same-sex kissing and brief nudity.[63] It was deemed too sexually explicit for MTV and banned from the station.[62] Warner Bros Records released the video as a video single—the first of its kind. "Justify My Love" became #1 in the U.S.[64] In 1991, Madonna starred in her first documentary film, Truth or Dare (In Bed with Madonna outside North America), which chronicled her Blond Ambition Tour, as well as her personal life. The following year, she appeared in the baseball film A League of Their Own with a portrayal of Italian American Mae Mordabito, and recorded the film's theme song, "This Used to Be My Playground".
1992–1997: Maverick, Sex controversy and Evita
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Madonna_di_Trapani.jpg/200px-Madonna_di_Trapani.jpg)
In 1992, Madonna founded her own entertainment company, Maverick, consisting of a record company; Maverick Records, a film production company; Maverick Films and also music publishing, television, merchandising and book-publishing divisions. It was a joint venture with Time Warner as part of a $60 million recording and business deal. The deal gave her a royalty rate of 20% which was equal then of Michael Jackson.[23] The first release from the venture was Madonna's first publication SEX, a book consisting of sexually provocative and explicit images photographed by Steven Meisel. It caused media controversy but sold 500,000 copies in the U.S., selling out worldwide.[65] At the same time she released her fifth studio album Erotica, featuring three sexual songs—"Erotica", "Where Life Begins", and "Did You Do It?". The album peaked at number two in the U.S.[66] and the title track "Erotica" reached #2 in the U.S.[67]
During 1993, she starred in two films. First was the erotic thriller Body of Evidence. The film contained S&M and bondage.[68] The second was the first production for Maverick Films, Dangerous Game. It was released straight-to-video in North America but received some good reviews for Madonna's performance. The New York Times described that "She submits impressively to the emotions raging furiously around her."[69] Madonna was publicly unhappy with the end result saying that "Even though it's a shit movie and I hate it, I am good in it." She also expressed her disappointment regarding the final cut of the film, claiming that the director had cut many of her key scenes and completely changed the ending.[70] Madonna embarked on The Girlie Show Tour at the end of 1993. It featured her dressed as a whip-cracking dominatrix, surrounded by topless dancers.[71] The controversy continued in Puerto Rico when she rubbed its flag between her legs on stage, while Orthodox Jews protested against her first ever show in Israel.[72]
In the spring of 1994, Madonna released the single "I'll Remember" which she recorded for Alek Keshishian's film With Honors. During this time she also had a controversial appearance on the Late Show with David Letterman.[73] Later that year, she released her sixth studio album Bedtime Stories. It produced four singles—the lead off single "Secret", "Take a Bow", "Bedtime Story" and "Human Nature".
In November 1995, Madonna released Something to Remember, a collection of her ballads, which featured three new tracks, including a cover of the Marvin Gaye song "I Want You", which she recorded with the British band Massive Attack, and the top ten song "You'll See". In 1996, Madonna’s most critically successful film, Evita, was released.[74] She portrayed the main part of Eva Perón, a role first played by Elaine Paige in the West End.[75] The film's soundtrack produced two successful singles, "Don't Cry for Me Argentina" and "You Must Love Me". "You Must Love Me" won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for Best Original Song From a Motion Picture the following year. Madonna also won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy.[76]
1998–2002: Ray of Light, Music and Drowned World
Madonna's 1998 studio album Ray of Light debuted at #2 on the U.S. albums chart.[77] E! praised its lyrical depth.[78] All Music Guide's Stephen Thomas Erlewine called it her "most adventurous record."[79]In 1999, Ray of Light won three Grammy Awards for "Best Dance Recording," "Best Pop Album," and "Best Recording Package,"[80] and was nominated for Record and Album of The Year. the album's title track won a Grammy for "Best Short Form Music Video."[81] Ray of Light produced the single "Frozen" which was adjudicated to be a plagiarism of Belgian songwriter Salvatore Acquaviva's 1993 song "Ma Vie Fout L'camp".[82] The album has been ranked #363 on Rolling Stone's list of 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[83][84] Microsoft used the Ray of Light title track in its advertising campaign Yes you can, to introduce Windows XP.[85] In 1998, Madonna was signed to play the role of violin teacher Roberta Guaspari Demetras in the film Music of the Heart, and studied for many months to play the violin, but left the project before filming began, citing "creative differences" with director Wes Craven.[86] Madonna followed the success of Ray of Light with the U.S. #19 single, "Beautiful Stranger",[87] recorded for the Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me soundtrack (1999).
In 2000, Madonna starred in The Next Best Thing. Madonna contributed two songs to the film's soundtrack, "Time Stood Still" and "American Pie". Madonna's eighth studio album, Music was released in 2000. It introduced folk guitars in the top ten song "Don't Tell Me" and the ballad "Gone". Music debuted at #1 on the US album charts.[88]
In 2001, Madonna began her first world tour since 1993, the Drowned World Tour, visiting cities in North America and Europe. The tour was a success as one of the highest grossing of the year.[89] Drowned World Tour grossed $75 million from 47 sold-out shows.[90] She also released her second greatest hits collection, GHV2 to coincide with the home video release of the tour.
In 2002, Madonna starred in the film Swept Away also directed by her husband Guy Ritchie. The film was a commercial and critical failure and released straight-to-video in the UK.[91] Later that year, she released the title song "Die Another Day" to the 20th James Bond film, in which she had a cameo role. It reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for both a Golden Globe for Best Original Song[92] and a Golden Raspberry for Worst Song.[93][94] In 2002, Madonna starred in a play by David Williamson entitled Up For Grabs[95].
2003–2006: American Life and Confessions On A Dance Floor
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Madonna_Live_8_-_1.jpg/140px-Madonna_Live_8_-_1.jpg)
Madonna released her ninth studio album, American Life, in April 2003. The lyrics were themed on the aspects of the American dream, fame, fortune and society. The record received mixed reviews.[96] The song peaked at #37 on the Billboard Hot 100.[49] Having sold 4 million copies,[97] American Life became the lowest selling album of her career.[98] Later that year, Madonna performed the song "Hollywood" with Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera and Missy Elliott at the MTV Video Music Awards. Madonna kissed Spears and Aguilera during the performance, resulting in tabloid press frenzy.[99] That fall, Madonna provided guest vocals on Spears's single "Me Against the Music".[100] During the Christmas season of 2003, Madonna released Remixed & Revisited, a remix EP that included rock versions of songs from American Life, and "Your Honesty", a previously unreleased track from the Bedtime Stories recording sessions.
In March 2004 Madonna and Maverick sued Warner Music Group and its former parent company, Time Warner, claiming that mismanagement of resources and poor bookkeeping had cost the company millions of dollars. In return, WMG filed a countersuit, alleging that Maverick had lost tens of millions of dollars on its own.[101] [102] On June 14, 2004, the dispute was resolved when Maverick shares owned by Madonna and Ronnie Dashev were purchased. The company was now a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Music. but Madonna is still signed to Warner under a separate recording contract.[101] Later that year, Madonna embarked on the Re-Invention World Tour in the U.S., Canada, and Europe. It became the highest-grossing tour of 2004, earning $125 million.[103] She made a documentary about the tour named I'm Going to Tell You a Secret. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked her #36 on their list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time".[104]
In January 2005, Madonna performed a cover version of the John Lennon song "Imagine" on the televised U.S. aid concert "Tsunami Aid: A Concert of Hope", which raised money for the tsunami victims in Asia.[105] In July 2005, Madonna performed at the Live 8 benefit concert in London, run in support of the aims of the UK's Make Poverty History campaign and the Global Call for Action Against Poverty.[106] Her performances of "Like a Prayer", "Ray of Light" and "Music" were included in the Live 8 DVD.[107]
Madonna's tenth studio album, Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005) sold more than 8 million copies.[108] The album received positive reviews.[109] It produced four singles including "Hung Up" which reached #1 in a record breaking 45 countries.[110] Madonna opened the 2006 Grammy Awards with "Hung Up", alongside the nominated computer-generated band, Gorillaz. "Sorry" then became Madonna's twelfth number one in the UK,[111] making her the female artist with the most #1 singles in the UK charts.[112] "Sorry" peaked at #58 in the U.S. The third single, "Get Together", became her thirty-sixth number one dance hit in the U.S.[49] The fourth single, "Jump", charted at number nine in the UK.[113] She thus holds the record of 38 #1 Hot Dance Club Play hits in the US, the most for any artist.[114]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/ConfessionsWembly.jpg/225px-ConfessionsWembly.jpg)
In mid-2006, Madonna signed on to become the worldwide face of H&M.[115] Included in the deal was a specially designed track suit, created by Madonna. The next year, the clothing line M by Madonna was launched internationally.[116] Madonna's Confessions Tour began in late May 2006 and ended in September 2006. It had a global audience of 1.2 million people and, with reported gross sales of $260.1 million, was the highest grossing tour ever by a female artist.[117] The use of religious symbols such as the crucifix and crown of thorns in the performance of "Live to Tell" caused controversy. The Russian Orthodox Church and the Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia urged all members to boycott her concert.[118] Vatican officials claimed that Madonna's performance while hanging off a cross and wearing a crown of thorns was an open attack on Catholicism and should not be performed in the same city as the Pope's residence,[119] to which Madonna responded: "My performance is neither anti-Christian, sacrilegious or blasphemous. Rather, it is my plea to the audience to encourage mankind to help one another and to see the world as a unified whole."[120]
In December 2006, PETA criticised Madonna for wearing a real chinchilla fur coat in a London restaurant.[121][122]
2007–present: New record deal, directorial debut and Hard Candy
On May 16, 2007, Madonna released the download-only song "Hey You", in anticipation of Live Earth, which was free for its first week.[123] Madonna performed "Hey You" among other songs at the London concert of Live Earth at Wembley Stadium on July 7, 2007.[124]
In October, 2007 Madonna announced her departure from record company Warner Bros. and a new $120 million, ten year contract with pop concert promoters Live Nation. She will be the founding recording artist for the new music division, Live Nation Artists (formerly Artist Nation), and the deal will consist of albums, tours, merchandise and promotion.[125] The Warner Bros. deal will be completed with her 2008 Hard Candy album and a compilation album due at the end of 2008 or early 2009.[126]
In November 2007, The New York Post claimed animal lovers were "horrified" by Madonna dyeing her sheep for a photograph, and "vilified" for organising pheasant-hunting parties at her estate.[127] In December 2007, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame announced Madonna as one of the five inductees of 2008.[128] The ceremony, which also included fellow inductees John Mellencamp, Leonard Cohen, the Ventures, and the Dave Clark Five, took place on March 10, 2008.[129] Madonna was inducted into the Hall by Justin Timberlake. Madonna also directed her first film, Filth and Wisdom and produced I Am Because We Are, a documentary on the problems faced by Malawians.[130]
In August 2008, Madonna will embarked on a world tour in support of Hard Candy, entitled the Sticky and Sweet Tour.
Influences
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Madonna_at_Coachella_2006.jpg/160px-Madonna_at_Coachella_2006.jpg)
Madonna's Catholic background and relationship with her parents were reflected in the 1989 album Like a Prayer, which features songs about Catholicism.[131] he video for the title track contains Catholic symbolism, such as the stigmata. Madonna used the crucifix as a religious accessory in the setting of the video, she also included in the stage design of her Confessions Tour. During The Virgin Tour, she wore a rosary and prayed with it in the music video for "La Isla Bonita" (1987).[132]
Madonna has also referenced Italian heritage in her work. The video for "Like a Virgin", filmed in Venice, Italy, features her in Venetian settings.[133] The "Open Your Heart" video sees her boss yelling at her in Italian. In the 1988 video release of her Who's That Girl Tour, titled Ciao, Italia! - Live From Italy, Madonna performs the song "Papa Don't Preach" while a portrait of the Pope appears behind her. "Papa" is the Italian word for "Pope".[134]
In 1985, Madonna commented that the first song to ever make a strong impression on her was "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'" by Nancy Sinatra and that it summed up her take-charge attitude.[135] As a young woman, she attempted to broaden her taste in literature, art, and music, and during this time became interested in classical music. She noted that her favorite style was baroque, and loved Mozart and Chopin because she liked their "feminine quality".[136] In 1999, Madonna identified musical influences that impacted her such as Karen Carpenter, the Supremes and Led Zeppelin, and dancers like Martha Graham, Rudolph Nureyev.[137] In an interview with the Observer, Madonna professed her inspirations—Detroit natives The Raconteurs and The White Stripes, as well as New York band "The Jett Set".[138]
During her childhood, Madonna became fascinated by films and film stars, later saying, "I loved Carole Lombard and Judy Holliday and Marilyn Monroe. They were all incredibly funny...and I saw myself in them...my girlishness, my knowingness and my innocence".[135] Her "Material Girl" music video recreated Monroe's "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" from the film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, and she later studied the screwball comedies of the 1930s, particularly those of Lombard, in preparation for the 1987 Who's That Girl film. The video for "Express Yourself" (1989) was inspired by Fritz Lang's silent film Metropolis. The video for "Vogue" recreated the style of Hollywood glamour photographers, in particular Horst P. Horst, and imitated the poses of Marlene Dietrich, Carole Lombard and Rita Hayworth, while the lyrics referenced many of the stars who had inspired her.[139] Among them was Bette Davis, described by Madonna as an idol, along with Louise Brooks and Dita Parlo.[140]
Madonna has been influenced by the art world, most notably by Frida Kahlo.[141] Her 1995 music video to "Bedtime Story" featured images inspired by the paintings of Kahlo and Remedios Varo.[142] Her 2003 video to "Hollywood" was a homage to the work of photographer Guy Bourdin which led to a lawsuit by Bourdin's son due to the use of his father's work without permission.[143]
Legacy
Billboard reported that Madonna's 2006 Confessions Tour holds the record for the highest grossing concert tour by a female artist.[144] In the United Kingdom, she is the most successful female in the singles chart history and has more UK one singles than any other female solo artist.[145] In 2008, she surpassed Elvis Presley as the artist with most top ten hits in the history of Billboard Hot 100.[146]She is also the most successful singles artist on the United World Chart with thirteen #1 and twenty-three Top 10 singles.[147] On March 10, 2008, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[148]
Despite her predominately successful career, Madonna's lyrics have been panned as simple or even dull by some,[149] though she has also been lauded as a talented artist.[150] Her sexual relationships with women have engendered public intrigue and scrutiny. She is speculated to have had affairs with Naomi Campbell and Sandra Bernhardt. The book Sex features her in several sexual situations with both men and women. Yet, she has been attributed for bringing about the social liberation of bisexuality in the United States in the 1990s.[151] Much of Madonna's career has been panned by the Roman Catholic Church, most notably due to the Who's That Girl, Blond Ambition and Confessions tours. In the documentary Italians in America - Our Contribution, author Gay Talese relates it to her Italian ancestry - Madonna's paternal ancestors come from a region of Southern Italy with a long tradition of rebellion against Catholics.[152] As per her alleged rebellion, Madonna had her son Rocco baptized in a Presbyterian Church.[153]
Madonna's persona and star figure has generated a degree of academic interest. Interdisciplinary research and publication on various topics relating to Madonna, including her relationship to and place within commodity culture, mass-media spectacle and her use of iconography relating to recognisable minority groups such as gays, lesbians and Latin Americans in videos such as Vogue, Like a Prayer, La Isla Bonita and Borderline had reached such proportions that some academics suggested the existence of a sub-field of Media Studies called Madonna Studies.[154]
In 2006 a new water bear species (Latin:Tardigrada), Echiniscus madonnae[155] was named after Madonna. The paper with the description of E. madonnae was published in the international journal of animal taxonomy Zootaxa in March 2006 (Vol. 1154, pages: 1-36). The authors' justification for the name of the new species was: "We take great pleasure in dedicating this species to one of the most significant artists of our times, Madonna Louise Veronica Ritchie." The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) number of the species is 711164.[156]
Personal life
Relationships
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Madonna_Guy_Ritchie.jpg/190px-Madonna_Guy_Ritchie.jpg)
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Madonna dated Dan Gilroy, with whom she formed the band Breakfast Club.[157] In the early 1980s, she also dated her collaborator Stephen Bray,[158] artist Jean-Michel Basquiat,[159][160] DJ and record producer Mark Kamins,[161] and musician Jellybean Benitez.[158] While filming the music video for "Material Girl" in 1985, Madonna began dating actor Sean Penn and married him later that year. After filing and withdrawing divorce papers in December 1987, they separated on New Year's Eve of 1988 and officially divorced in September 1989. Of her marriage to Penn, Madonna said, "I was completely obsessed with my career and not ready to be generous in any shape or form."[162] Madonna began a relationship with Warren Beatty while working on the film Dick Tracy early in 1989. Despite rumors that the two had become engaged in May 1990, the couple's relationship seemed to have ended by the summer. In a 1991 interview with Vanity Fair, Madonna said, "I'd go, 'Warren, did you really chase that girl for a year?!?' And he’d say, 'Nah, it's all lies.' I should have known better. I was unrealistic, but then, you always think you're going to be the one."[163]
In late 1990, Madonna dated Tony Ward,[164] a young bisexual model and porn star who starred in her music videos for "Cherish" (1989) and "Justify My Love" (1990). Their relationship ended by early 1991,[163] and Madonna later began an eight-month relationship with rapper Vanilla Ice, who appeared later in her Sex book.[164] Madonna dated basketball player Dennis Rodman in the mid 1990s.[164] In September 1994, while walking in Central Park, Madonna met fitness trainer Carlos Leon who became her personal trainer and lover.[165] On October 14, 1996, Madonna gave birth to Lourdes Maria Ciccone Leon in Los Angeles, California.[166] Madonna then began dating Andy Bird, who sold his story to the newspapers in a tell-all about their eighteen-month relationship in late 2000/early 2001.[167] On August 11, 2000, Madonna gave birth to a son, Rocco John Ritchie in Los Angeles, California, with Guy Ritchie, whom she had met in 1999 through mutual friends Sting and his wife, Trudie Styler.[168] On December 22, 2000, Madonna and Ritchie were married in Scotland.[169] As of 2008, Madonna resides in Marylebone, London and her country estate in Tollard Royal, Wiltshire, with Ritchie and their three children.[170]
David Banda adoption controversy
In October 2006, Madonna flew to Malawi to help build an orphanage, which she also funded as part of the Raising Malawi initiative.[171] On October 10, 2006, she filed adoption papers for a boy named David Banda Mwale, born on September 24, 2005 and renamed David Banda Mwale Ciccone Ritchie.[172][173] Banda was flown out of Malawi on October 16.[174] The adoption raised public controversy due to the fact that Malawian law requires one year of residence for potential adoptive parents.[175] The effort was highly publicised and culminated into legal disputes,[176] but the adoption was finalized on May 28, 2008.[177]
Madonna refuted the allegations on The Oprah Winfrey Show on October 25, 2006. She said that there are no written adoption laws in Malawi that regulate foreign adoption and that Banda had been suffering from pneumonia after surviving malaria and tuberculosis when she met him.[178] Madonna blamed the media for "doing a great disservice to all the orphans of Africa", by discouraging people from adopting African children. She stated that she wanted to "give a life to a child who might not otherwise have had one."[179] Singer and humanitarian activist, Bono, defended her by commenting, "Madonna should be applauded for helping to take a child out of the worst poverty imaginable and giving him a better chance in life."[180]
Also, it was reported that Banda's biological father Yohane did not understand what adoption meant and had assumed that this arrangement was fostering. He said, "These so-called human rights activists are harassing me every day, threatening me that I am not aware of what I am doing." He also said, "They want me to support their court case, a thing I cannot do for I know what I agreed with Madonna and her husband."[181] Madonna responded that Yohane Banda had known what he was doing, having refused to accept her offer to financially support him without adoption.[182]
Work at the Kabbalah Center
Since the late 1990s, Madonna has been a devotee of the Kabbalah Centre and a disciple of its head Rabbi Philip Berg and his wife Karen. She also studies personally with her own private-tutor, Rabbi Eitan Yardeni, whose wife Sarah Yardeni runs Madonna's favorite charitable project, "Spirituality for Kids", a subsidiary of the Kabbalah Centre.[183] Madonna donated $21 million towards a new Kabbalah school for children.[184]
Controversy erupted again before the release of Confessions on a Dance Floor. Many Israeli rabbis condemned its song "Isaac" because they believed the song to be a tribute to Rabbi Isaac Luria and claimed that Jewish law forbids using a rabbi's name for profit. In interviews, Madonna had called this song "The Binding of Isaac" and rumors spread that it was based on the life of the Hebrew patriarch Isaac. Madonna has repeatedly denied such accusations, claiming she could not think of a title for the song and, therefore, named it after Yitzhak (Isaac) Sinwani, an Israeli singer. In the song, Sinwani is chanting a Yemenite Jewish song. Madonna Said: "The album isn't even out, so how could Jewish scholars in Israel know what my song is about?"[185]
Madonna has openly defended her Kabbalah studies by stating it "would be less controversial if I joined the Nazi Party." Madonna said the Kabbalah was "not hurting anybody." "If Scientology makes Tom Cruise happy, I don't care if he prays to turtles," she said.[186]
Political views
Madonna opposes United States President George W. Bush. In her Confessions Tour, she sings the 2005 song "I Love New York". Instead of the original lyrics "just go to Texas, isn't that where they golf?" she sings "just go to Texas and suck George Bush's dick!". She endorsed Wesley Clark's Democratic nomination for the 2004 United States presidential election in an impassioned letter to her fans, saying at the time that "the future I wish for my children is at risk."[187] In the autumn of 2006, she expressed her support for Hillary Clinton in the 2008 election.[188] Most recently, she stated that she would be behind Al Gore if he decided to run for the 2008 elections after seeing his documentary on global warming, An Inconvenient Truth. She also urged her fans to see Michael Moore's Fahrenheit 9/11.[189]
See also
- Madonna albums discography
- Madonna singles discography
- Madonna filmography
- List of best-selling music artists
- List of best selling music artists in U.S.
- UK Best selling singles artists of all time
- List of artists who reached number one on the Hot 100 (U.S.)
- List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Dance chart
- List of artists who reached number one in Ireland
- List of artists who reached number one on the Australian singles chart
References
- ^ "Madonna: Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone. 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Cross, Mary (2004). Madonna: A Biography. Canongate U.S. ISBN 0313338116.
- ^ Morton, Andrew (2002). Madonna. Macmillan. ISBN 0312983107.
- ^ RIAA Top Selling Artists RIAA
- ^ "The American Recording Industry announces its Artists of the Century". RIAA. 1999-11-10. Retrieved 2008-01-30.
- ^ Bowman, Edith (2007-05-26). "BBC World Visionaries: Madonna Vs. Mozart". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
In 2000, Guinness World Records listed Madonna as the most successful female recording artist of all time.
- ^ "Queen of Pop Madonna crowned highest earning female singer on earth". Daily Mail. Forbes. 2006-09-28. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
- ^ "IFPI Platinum Europe Awards - July & August 2006 Keane, Shakira, Coldplay and Madonna scoop summer Platinum Awards". IFPI News. 2006-09-13.
{{cite web}}
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at position 49 (help) - ^ Madonna leads list of Rock Hall inductees - CNN.com
- ^ Now: Madonna on Madonna - TIME
- ^ The child who became a star: Madonna timeline
- ^ FOXNews.com - Madonna Biography FOXNews.com
- ^ "Madonna Biography: Patr 1". People. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
- ^ "Madonna". guardian July 4 2001. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
- ^ "A star with staying power". People in the news. CNN Programs.
- ^ "Madonna: Queen of Pop". Biography. 5 minutes in. The History Channel.
- ^ "Madonna on coming to New York City to be a dancer". Mirror. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
- ^ a b c "Madonna Biography". Music Atlas. Retrieved 2007-12-28. Cite error: The named reference "atlas" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ "Madonna Biography: Part 1". Pepole magazine. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
- ^ "Billboard.com - Biography - Madonna". Rolling Stone. 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Madonna: An Intimate Biography by J. Randy Taraborrelli Page 72 Simon & Schuster ISBN 0743228804
- ^ "Madonna, Beastie Boys Nominated For Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame". mtv news Sep 27 2007. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
- ^ a b "Madonna Makes a $60 Million Deal". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-05-27.
- ^ American Vintage Blues: History of Fashion
- ^ Rettenmund, Matthew. Madonnica: The Woman & The Icon From A To Z. St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 0312117825.
{{cite book}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Madonna: The Rolling Stone Files : The Ultimate Compendium of Interviews, Articles, Facts and Opinions from the Files of Rolling Stone. Hyperion Books. ISBN 0786881542.
{{cite book}}
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ignored (help) - ^ "Madonna - 10 moments that created an icon". MSN Live Earth. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "Definitive 200". The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
- ^ "The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
- ^ Chart Listing For The Week Of Apr 13 1985 Billboard Hot 100. Retrieved on 2008-05-28
- ^ BBC: Madonna scores 12th chart topper in the UK
- ^ Holly George-Warren, Patricia Romanowski, Patricia Romanowski Bashe, Jon Pareles, ed. (October 30, 2001). The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll (Rev Upd edition ed.). Fireside. p. 596. ISBN 0743201205.
{{cite book}}
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(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - ^ a b Madonna Years
- ^ "True Blue". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
- ^ http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001015119
- ^ Madonna singles Billboard chart performance. All Music Guide. Retrieved on May 29, 1986.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Causing A Commotion: Chart Listing For The Week Of Dec 12 1987". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Smith, Neil. "Show Stealer Madonna on tour". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
and in Italy the Pope called for a boycott.
- ^ Cross, Mary. Madonna: A Biography. Greenwood Press.
{{cite book}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help) - ^ "Madonna Biography, Discography, Filmography". FOXNEWS. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
- ^ Like a Prayer (Audio CD).
{{cite AV media}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help); Unknown parameter|year2=
ignored (help) - ^ All Music Guide Review of Like a Prayer. Retrieved 5 May, 2006.
- ^ Considine, J.D. (1989-04-6). ""Like A Prayer review"". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2007-01-21.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ O'Brien, Lucy (2007-08-27). Madonna: Like an Icon. Bantam Press. pp. pg. 50–100. ISBN 0593055470.
{{cite book}}
:|pages=
has extra text (help) - ^ Chart Listing For The Week Of Jul 08 1989 Billboard
- ^ Chart Listing For The Week Of Oct 28 1989 Billboard
- ^ Chart Listing For The Week Of Apr 28 1990 Billboard
- ^ a b c Billboard: Madonna Artist Chart History Cite error: The named reference "billboardcharts" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ "Madonna - 10 moments that created an icon". MSN Live Earth. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
Condemned by the Vatican, the video for "Like a Prayer" caused an uproar.
- ^ "Madonna - 10 moments that created an icon". MSN Live Earth. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
Featuring stigmata, burning crosses, and a black man portraying Jesus, the video was Madonna's most provocative statement to date.
- ^ MyVillage: Madonna Biography
- ^ Faith, Karlene (1997). Madonna: Bawdy & Soul. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0802042082.
- ^ "Poll: 'Vogue' Is Fave Madonna Chart-Topper". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. 2000-09-15. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
- ^ Pitts, Michael (2004-12-15) [1979]. Famous Movie Detectives. Scarecrow Press. p. 107. ISBN 0810836904.
{{cite book}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Chart Listing For The Week Of Aug 11 1990
- ^ Smith, Neil. "Show Stealer Madonna on tour". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
This, after all, was the tour that introduced Jean-Paul Gaultier's infamous conical bra outfit and featured the singer simulating masturbation during Like a Virgin.
- ^ "Madonna's giant cross offensive". BBC News. Retrieved 2006-05-28.
In 1990, the Pope called for a boycott of the Blond Ambition tour, in which Madonna simulated masturbation during Like a Virgin.
- ^ Desperately Seeking Madonna: In Search of the Meaning of the World's Most Famous Woman. Delta. ISBN 0385306881.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|origdate=
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suggested) (help) - ^ "True Confessions: The Rolling Stone Interview With Madonna (Part One) by Carrie Fisher". Rolling Stone. August 1991.
{{cite journal}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help) - ^ Ritchie, Madonna. Immaculate Collection. Alfred Publishing Company. ISBN 0769215025.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|origdate=
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suggested) (help) - ^ a b Madonna: Rebel without a Cause Cite error: The named reference "rebel" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ "Madonna - 10 moments that created an icon". MSN Live Earth. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
The music video for "Justify My Love," directed by Jean-Baptiste Mondino, showed Madonna in suggestive scenes of S & M, bondage, same-sex kissing and brief nudity.
- ^ Chart Listing For The Week Of Jan 12 1991 Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales
- ^ "The Naked Launch". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2008-05-27.
- ^ "Madonna Album Chart Positions". Billboard. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Chart Listing For The Week Of Oct 24 1992 Billboard Hot 100. Retrieved on 2008-05-28
- ^ Metz, Allan (1993). "The Madonna Pornucopia: Sex for the coffee table and Erotica for the ears". The Madonna Companion: Two Decades of Commentary. Schrimer Books. pp. pg 17. ISBN 0825671949.
S&M can involve sex, but it doesn't have to. It's a head trip. [NC-17] is the rating likely… on Madonna's upcoming film Body of Evidence.
{{cite book}}
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has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters:|origmonth=
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, and|month=
(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=
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suggested) (help) - ^ New York Times movie review by Janet Maslin (quote is on second page)
- ^ Mad-Eyes - Madonna movies - Dangerous Game
- ^ 25 YEARS OF MADONNA Apr 26 2007 By Samantha Booth
- ^ Smith, Neil. "Show Stealer Madonna on tour". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
Controversy followed the pop star around the globe. She caused uproar in Puerto Rico by rubbing the island's flag between her legs on stage, while Orthodox Jews protested against her first ever show in Israel.
- ^ Watson, Mary Ann (2008). Defining Visions: Television and the American Experience in the 20th Century. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 195. ISBN 1405170530.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - ^ [2] MSN: Fashion Timeline - Madonna
- ^ Lloyd-Webber to stage 'Evita' revival. Digital Spy. Retrieved on 2008-01-10.
- ^ Busari, Stephanie. "Hey Madonna, don't give up the day job!". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
Apart from a role in Evita, for which she won a Golden Globe best actress award, Madonna's contribution to the film world can be, at best, described as forgettable.
- ^ "Madonna Biography". Billboard. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ^ E!. Review of Ray of Light". Retrieved April 23 2006.
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. All Music Guide. Review of Ray of Light. Retrieved April 23 2006.
- ^ "That thing: Lauryn Hill sets Grammy record". CNN. 1999-02-24. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
Pop queen Madonna, now 40, earned three Grammys -- one for best pop album, one for best dance recording, and one for best short form music video. Until Wednesday, she had only won one Grammy in her career.
- ^ "Grammy Award Winners". Grammy Awards. Retrieved 2008-05-27.
- ^ "Madonna in plagiarism case defeat". BBC News. Retrieved 2007-01-21.
- ^ "1999 Grammy Awards". CNN.
- ^ "The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone.
- ^ Microsoft Hopes "Ray of Light" Makes XP Shine Clickz
- ^ Clinton, Paul. "Review: Music of the Heart hits all the right notes". Retrieved 2007-08-12.
- ^ Chart Listing For The Week Of Sep 25 1999
- ^ Zahlaway, Jon (September 27, 2000). "Madonna's "Music" claims No. 1 spot on album chart". LiveDaily. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
- ^ "The Concert Hotwire". Pollstar. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
- ^ Susman, Gary. "Materialist Girl". Retrieved 2008-06-03.
- ^ "Madonna flop goes straight to video". bbc. 8 November, 2002. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ GreenCine: Die Another Day
- ^ "Die Another Day: Chart Listing For The Week Of Dec 14 2002". Billboard Hot 100 Airplay. Retrieved 2008-01-06.
- ^ "Golden Raspberry Awards past winners database". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ [3]
- ^ "Confessions On A Dance Floor by Madonna review". Metacritic. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
- ^ Hastings, Chris (2005-10-16). "Thank you for the music! How Madonna's new single will give Abba their greatest-ever hit". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
- ^ "Madonna - Entertainer". h2g2. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ^ "Madonna, Spears, Aguilera upstage MTV awards with steamy kisses". Japan Today.
{{cite news}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help) - ^ Me Against the Music: Extra Tracks (Video CD). BMG International. Event occurs at 2 minutes. ASIN: B0000TAN12.
{{cite AV media}}
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ignored (help) - ^ a b "Madonna's label sues record giant". March 26]], 2004. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ http://www.nme.com/news/madonna/30546
- ^ "Madonna ready to Dance on world tour". China Daily. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ^ "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Rolling Stone Issue 946. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ^ Hollywood, music stars join forces in tsunami telethon ABC News
- ^ "The Live 8 Event". BBC.
- ^ "Tracklisting". LIVE 8 DVD. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
- ^ "U.S. Radio hangs up on Madonna". Billboard. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
- ^ "Confessions On A Dance Floor". Metacritic. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ^ [Guinness Book of World Records 2007]
- ^ "Madonna Storms to 12th UK Number One". The Epoch Times. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
- ^ RTE Entertainment: Madonna smashes record in UK charts
- ^ "Westlife score 14th UK number one". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ^ "Madonna chart history". billboard.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|accsssdate=
ignored (help) - ^ Adweek. "H&M Signs Madonna". Retrieved November 27, 2006.
- ^ "Madonna's H&M TV Commercial". 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-24.
- ^ "Top 25 Tours of 2006". Retrieved 2007-12-30.
- ^ "Boycott of Madonna Moscow concert urged". Jewish News Weekly of Northern California. 2006-08-18. Retrieved 2008-01-21.
- ^ "Vatican fury at 'blasphemous' Madonna". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
- ^ Popkin, Helen A.S. Just call Madonna the recycled-Material Girl MSNBC Oct. 11, 2006
- ^ Frith, Maxine. "Madonna's fur coat outrages animal rights groups". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
- ^ "Madonna criticized over fur coat". BBC News. 2006-12-08. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
- ^ "Madonna Writes New Song "Hey You" for Live Earth". 2007-05-17. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
- ^ "Madonna Writes New Song "Hey You" for Live Earth". Live Earth. May 17, 2007. Retrieved May 17, 2007.
- ^ [] "Madonna Joins Forces With Live Nation in Revolutionary Global Music Partnership". PR Newswire. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
- ^ "Label denies Madonna album title speculation". Reuters.7 Dec 2007
- ^ "Shocking sheep". New York Post. 2007-11-30. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ "Madonna, others named to Rock Hall of Fame". USA Today. Gannett Company. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
- ^ "Madonna to be inducted into Rock'n'Roll Hall Of Fame". NME News. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
- ^ I AM BECAUSE WE ARE : A Documentary Film produced by Madonna
- ^ Like A Prayer Rolling Stone review "Madonna maintains an impressive sense of balance throughout the album, leavening the pain of "Till Death Do Us Part" with the lighthearted love of "Cherish," contrasting the trauma of "Oh Father" with the libidinal power games of "Love Song" (a coy, musically adventurous duel-duet with Prince) and juxtaposing the ecstatic fervor of "Like a Prayer" with the Catholic injoking of "Act of Contrition."
- ^ Fouz-Hernandez, Santiago. Madonna's Drowned Worlds: New Approaches to Her Cultural Transformations. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 0754633721.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|origdate=
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Venice, Italy". BBC. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
- ^ Liddell and Scott
- ^ a b Worrell, Denise (1985-05-27). "Madonna, Why She's Hot". Time Magazine.
{{cite journal}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help) - ^ St. Michael, Mick (September 1, 2004). "Music". Madonna talking: Madonna in Her Own Words. Omnibus Press. pp. p 35. ISBN 1844494187.
{{cite book}}
:|pages=
has extra text (help) - ^ Interview: Madonna reviews life on Larry King Live January 19, 1999
- ^ "Material Girl talks of her pop material". The Observer. 2006-10-29.
{{cite news}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help) - ^ Goddess, Inside Madonna by Barbara and Victor, 2001, Cliff Street Books, ISBN 0-06-019930-X p 23.
- ^ Rolling Stone, August 1991, "True Confessions: The Rolling Stone Interview With Madonna, Part One" by Carrie Fisher.
- ^ Madonna: The Style Book By Debbi Voller Page 89
- ^ Guralnick. Best Music Writing (2000 ed.). Da Capo Press. p. 149. ISBN 0306809990.
{{cite book}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|origmonth=
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,|month=
,|chapterurl=
, and|accessyear=
(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Madonna faces copyright suit over video images". Entertainment Weekly.
- ^ "Madonna, The Confessions Tour". BBC. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
- ^ The musical superstars BBc
- ^ Bronson, Fred (2005-11-24). "Chart Beat". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
- ^ http://www.mediatraffic.de/top-track-achievements.htm
- ^ Madonna leads list of Rock Hall inductees - CNN.com
- ^ "Madonna: Love Profusion Track Review". Pitchfork. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
- ^ The Collaborative Madonna
- ^ Rust, P. C. R. Bisexuality in the United States: A social science reader. New York: Columbia University Press.
Throughout her career, Madonna's romantic and sexual relationships with women have been the subject of public intrigue and scrutiny. She has been linked to several ongoing relationships with female celebrities, including supermodel Naomi Campbell and former friend Saundra Bernhardt. In addition, Sex features her in a variety of sexual situations with both men and women. Her passionate kisses with Britney Spears and Christina Agueleira marked a turning point in pop culture. At times openly identifying as "bisexual," and at other times maintaining an amigiuous air of privacy, Madonna's sexual fluidity has been attributed to the social liberation of bisexuality in the United States in the 1990's.
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(help) - ^ Italians in America - Our Contribution, Region 1 (DVD). White Star. ASIN: B0002S643C.
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ignored (help) - ^ Madonna's Son Baptized December 21
- ^ Robertson, P (1996), Guilty Pleasures: Feminist Camp From Mae West to Madonna Duke University Press, London pp. 117
- ^ [4] Scanning Electron Microscope photomicrograph of Echiniscus madonnae Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2006
- ^ "Echiniscus madonnae". ITIS. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
- ^ Morton, Andrew. Madonna. St Martin's Press. ISBN 0312287860.
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suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Five professional collaborations that carried on in the bedroom". BBC's Top of the Pops 2. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
- ^ Hoban, Phoebe (2004). Basquiat: A Quick Killing in Art. Penguin USA. ISBN 0143035126.
- ^ Conner, Randy P. Queering Creole Spiritual Traditions. Haworth Press. pp. pg. 299. ISBN 1560233516.
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ignored (help) - ^ Geordie Greig meets Madonna The Sunday Times November 6, 2005
- ^ a b Hirschberg, Lynn. "The Misfit". Vanity Fair.
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(help) April 1991 - ^ a b c "Crazy for Madonna's men". USA Today. 2000. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
Madonna and model Tony Ward briefly dated in 1990", "Vanilla Ice and Madonna were together for eight months in 1992.
- ^ Voller, Debbi. Madonna: The Style Book. Omnibus Press. p. 114. ISBN 0711975116.
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ignored (help) - ^ Voller, Debbi. Madonna: The Style Book. Omnibus Press. p. 117. ISBN 0711975116.
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ignored (help) - ^ Clerk, Carol. Madonnastyle. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0711988749.
- ^ "Madonna gives birth to boy". CNN. 2000-08-11. Retrieved 2006-05-05.
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/22/newsid_3290000/3290829.stm
- ^ It's a £6million Mad pad The Sun, 22 June 2007
- ^ "Madonna adopts Malawian child, says father". October 2006. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
- ^ "Boy Madonna Hopes to Adopt Leaves Africa". People magazine. October 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-16.
- ^ Madonna names babyboston.com
- ^ "Madonna baby flown out of Malawi". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2006-10-16.
- ^ "Madonna Adoption Plans Trigger Broad Backlash". Reuters Wire Services. 2006-10-17. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ Tenthani, Raphael (2007-09-03). "Upset in Madonna's Malawi Adoption Case". Associated Press. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
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(help) - ^ "Madonna 'Over the Moon' About Finalized Adoption". People.com. 2008-05-28. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
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(help) - ^ Madonna: Boy's Father Has Been Manipulated
- ^ Heher, Ashley M. "Madonna 'Disappointed' by Criticism", Associated Press, SFGate.com, 25 October 2006.
- ^ "Bono defends Madonna's adoption". NME News.
- ^ Associated Press. "Boy's father worries Madonna may back out", MSNBC.com, 26 October 2006.
- ^ Vieira, Meredith (2006-11-01). "Madonna and child". Dateline NBC.
{{cite news}}
:|access-date=
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(help) - ^ Mim Udovitch. Inside Hollywood's Hottest Cult - Part Three: Madonna’s Magical Mystical Tour. 20 June 2005. Retrieved 26 February 2006.
- ^ Madonna opens her own school. The Times of India. 5 August 2004. Retrieved 26 February 2006.
- ^ Elysa Gardner. Madonna at a crossroads. USA Today. 27 October 2005. Retrieved 26 February 2006.
- ^ "Madonna defends Kabbalah interest". BBC NEWS CHANNEL. 31 October 2005. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
- ^ Madonna Urges Others to Support Clark; 'Future is At Risk'. 7 January 2004. Retrieved 17 April 2006.
- ^ " Madonna Touting Hillary for President", newsmax.com, 12 March 2006.
- ^ Madonna Urges Her Fans To See Michael Moore's documentary 'Fahrenheit 9/11'. MTV News. 17 June 2004. Retrieved 17 April 2006.
External links
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{{subst:#if:Madonna|}} [[Category:{{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:1958}}
|| UNKNOWN | MISSING = Year of birth missing {{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:}}||LIVING=(living people)}} | #default = 1958 births
}}]] {{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:}}
|| LIVING = | MISSING = | UNKNOWN = | #default =
}}
- Living people
- Deaths
- Madonna (entertainer)
- American actor-singers
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- American female singers
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- Americans of French Canadian descent
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- Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (film) winners
- BRIT Award winners
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- Worst Actress Razzie winners
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- Bisexual people
- LGBT people from the United States
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