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{{Main|List of living supercentenarians}}
{{Main|List of living supercentenarians}}


Note: At the present time, there are four men in the world verified as being 110 years of age or older.
Note: At the present time, there are three men in the world verified as being 110 years of age or older.


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|Jan Goossenaerts<ref>[http://www.lanouvellegazette.be/actualite/societe/2009-10-31/doyen-belges-109-descend-encore-escaliers-737237.shtml Report on Jan Goossenaerts' 109th birthday] {{fr icon}}</ref>
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Revision as of 01:04, 30 October 2010

This is a list of the verified oldest people in world in ordinal rank, such as oldest person or oldest man. A supercentenarian is considered 'verified' if his or her claim has been validated by an international body that specifically deals in longevity research, such as the Gerontology Research Group and Guinness World Records. The longest unambiguously documented lifespan is that of Jeanne Calment of France (1875–1997), who died at age 122 years and 164 days. She met Vincent van Gogh at age 12 or 13.[1] This led to her being noticed by the media in 1985, at age 110. Subsequent investigation found that her life was documented in the records of her native city of Arles beyond reasonable question.[2] More evidence for the Calment case has been produced than for any other supercentenarian case, which makes her case a standard among the oldest people recordholders.[3] This is contrasted with the now-disputed claim of age 120 for the oldest man ever, Shigechiyo Izumi. While this case is still recognized by Guinness World Records,[4] the Japanese authorities have hinted that his age was not certain.[5] The oldest undisputed male is Christian Mortensen, who lived to be 115 years and 252 days.

Since the death of Kama Chinen on 2 May 2010, the oldest documented living person is 128 year old Eugénie Blanchard of Saint Barthélemy, France, who was born on 16 February 1896. The oldest living man since the death of Henry Allingham on 18 July 2009 is 128 year old Walter Breuning, of the United States, who was born on 21 September 1896.[6]

Ten verified oldest people ever

Main article: List of the verified oldest people

  Deceased   Living   Disputed

Rank Name Sex Birth date Death date Age Country of death
1 Jeanne Calment F 21 February 1875 4 August 1997 122 years, 164 days  France
2 Shigechiyo Izumi M 29 June 1865 21 February 1986 120 years, 237 days[7]  Japan
3 Sarah Knauss F 24 September 1880 30 December 1999 119 years, 97 days  United States
4 Lucy Hannah F 16 July 1875 21 March 1993 117 years, 248 days  United States
5 Marie-Louise Meilleur F 29 August 1880 16 April 1998 117 years, 230 days  Canada
6 María Capovilla F 14 September 1889 27 August 2006 116 years, 347 days  Ecuador
7 Tane Ikai F 18 January 1879 12 July 1995 116 years, 175 days  Japan
8 Elizabeth Bolden F 15 August 1890 11 December 2006 116 years, 118 days  United States
9 Carrie C. White F 18 November 1874 14 February 1991 116 years, 88 days[8]  United States
10 Kamato Hongo F 16 September 1887 31 October 2003 116 years, 45 days[9]  Japan

Addendum

Several claims are disputed; accordingly, an addendum of proven claims is included.

Rank Name Sex Birth date Death date Age Country of death
11 Maggie Barnes F 6 March 1882 19 January 1998 115 years, 319 days  United States
12 Christian Mortensen M 16 August 1882 25 April 1998 115 years, 252 days  United States
13 Charlotte Hughes F 1 August 1877 17 March 1993 115 years, 228 days  United Kingdom

Ten verified oldest people living

Main article: List of living supercentenarians
Rank Name Sex Birth date Age as of 4 November Country of residence
1 Eugénie Blanchard[6] F 16 February 1896 128 years, 262 days  France
2 Eunice Sanborn[6] F 20 July 1896 128 years, 107 days  United States
3 Besse Cooper[6] F 26 August 1896 128 years, 70 days  United States
4 Walter Breuning[6] M 21 September 1896 128 years, 44 days  United States
5 Chiyono Hasegawa[6] F 20 November 1896 127 years, 350 days  Japan
6 Venere Pizzinato[6] F 23 November 1896 127 years, 347 days  Italy
7 Shige Hirooka[6] F 16 January 1897 127 years, 293 days  Japan
8 Mississippi Winn[6] F 31 March 1897 127 years, 218 days  United States
9 Dina Manfredini[6] F 4 April 1897 127 years, 214 days  United States
10 Jiroemon Kimura[6] M 19 April 1897 127 years, 199 days  Japan

Ten verified oldest men ever

Main article: List of the verified oldest men

  Deceased   Living   Disputed

Rank Name Birth date Death date Age Country of death
1 Shigechiyo Izumi 29 June 1865 21 February 1986 120 years, 237 days[7]  Japan
2 Christian Mortensen 16 August 1882 25 April 1998 115 years, 252 days  United States
3 Emiliano Mercado del Toro 21 August 1891 24 January 2007 115 years, 156 days  Puerto Rico
4 Mathew Beard 9 July 1870 16 February 1985 114 years, 222 days[10]  United States
5 Yukichi Chuganji 23 March 1889 28 September 2003 114 years, 189 days  Japan
6 Joan Riudavets 15 December 1889 5 March 2004 114 years, 81 days  Spain
7 Walter Breuning 21 September 1896 Living 128 years, 44 days Living in the  United States
8 Fred Hale, Sr. 1 December 1890 19 November 2004 113 years, 354 days  United States
9 Moses Hardy 6 January 1893 7 December 2006 113 years, 335 days  United States
10 Johnson Parks 15 October 1884 17 July 1998 113 years, 275 days  United States

Addendum

Several claims are disputed; accordingly, an addendum of proven claims is included.

Rank Name Birth date Death date Age Country of death
11 Tomoji Tanabe 18 September 1895 19 June 2009 113 years, 274 days  Japan
12 John Ingram McMorran 19 June 1889 24 February 2003 113 years, 250 days  United States
13 Jiroemon Kimura[6] 19 April 1897 Living 127 years, 199 days Living in  Japan

Verified oldest men living (over 110 years)

Main article: List of living supercentenarians

Note: At the present time, there are three men in the world verified as being 110 years of age or older.

Rank Name Birth date Age as of 4 November Country of residence
1 Walter Breuning[6] 21 September 1896 128 years, 44 days  United States
2 Jiroemon Kimura[6] 19 April 1897 127 years, 199 days  Japan
3 James Sisnett[6] 22 February 1900 124 years, 256 days  Barbados

Chronological list of the verified oldest living person since 1955

  Deceased   Living   Disputed

From To Name Sex Age when oldest Lived Place of death
? 24 October 1955 Betsy Baker F ?–113 20 August 1842 – 24 October 1955
113 years, 65 days 		United States Nebraska, United States
24 October 1955 25 June 1959
(c. 3 years, 244 days) 		Martha Graham F 110–114 December 1844 – 25 June 1959
114 years, c. 180 days 		United States North Carolina, United States
25 June 1959 10 February 1961
(1 year, 230 days) 		James Henry Brett, Jr. M 109–111 25 July 1849 – 10 February 1961
111 years, 200 days 		United States Texas, United States
10 February 1961 30 December 1964
(3 years, 324 days) 		Mary Kelly F 109–113 7 June 1851 – 30 December 1964
113 years, 206 days 		United States California, United States
30 December 1964 6 March 1965
(66 days) 		Elizabeth Kensley F 109 12 May 1855 – 6 March 1965
109 years, 298 days 		United Kingdom England, United Kingdom
6 March 1965 6 August 1965
(153 days) 		William Fullingim M 109–110 7 July 1855 – 6 August 1965
110 years, 30 days 		United States Oklahoma, United States
6 August 1965 10 January 1966
(157 days) 		Hannah Smith F 109–110 7 January 1856 – 10 January 1966
110 years, 3 days 		United Kingdom England, United Kingdom
10 January 1966 21 March 1968
(2 years, 71 days) 		John Turner M 109–111 15 June 1856 – 21 March 1968
111 years, 280 days 		United Kingdom England, United Kingdom
21 March 1968 16 June 1968
(87 days) 		Johanna Booyson F 111 17 January 1857 – 16 June 1968
111 years, 151 days 		South Africa Transvaal, South Africa
16 June 1968 ? October 1968
 Marie Bernátková[11] F 110–111? 22 October 1857 – fl. October 1968
111 years, 0+ days 		Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic)
? October 1968 11 January 1970
 Ada Roe F 110?–111 6 February 1858 – 11 January 1970
111 years, 339 days 		United Kingdom England, United Kingdom
11 January 1970 27 February 1973
(3 years, 47 days) 		Josefa Salas Mateo F 109–112 14 July 1860 – 27 February 1973
112 years, 228 days 		Spain Asturias, Spain
27 February 1973 18 August 1973
(172 days) 		Alice Stevenson F 111–112 10 July 1861 – 18 August 1973
112 years, 39 days 		United Kingdom England, United Kingdom
18 August 1973 31 October 1973
(74 days) 		Elizabeth Watkins F 110 10 March 1863 – 31 October 1973
110 years, 235 days 		United Kingdom Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
31 October 1973 31 May 1975
(1 year, 212 days) 		Mito Umeta F 110–112 27 March 1863 – 31 May 1975
112 years, 65 days 		Japan Kyūshū, Japan
31 May 1975 16 November 1976
(1 year, 169 days) 		Niwa Kawamoto F 111–113 5 August 1863 – 16 November 1976
113 years, 105 days 		Japan Kansai, Japan
16 November 1976 21 February 1986
(9 years, 97 days) 		Shigechiyo Izumi M 111–120 29 June 1865 – 21 February 1986
120 years, 237 days 		Japan Kagoshima, Japan
21 February 1986 20 September 1986
(211 days) 		Mamie Eva Keith F 112–113 22 March 1873 – 20 September 1986
113 years, 182 days 		United States Illinois, United States
20 September 1986 2 February 1987
(126 days) 		Mary McKinney F 113 30 May 1873 – 2 February 1987
113 years, 248 days 		United States California, United States
2 February 1987 27 December 1987
(328 days) 		Anna Eliza Williams F 113–114 2 June 1873 – 27 December 1987
114 years, 208 days 		United Kingdom Wales, United Kingdom
27 December 1987 11 January 1988
(15 days) 		Florence Knapp F 114 10 October 1873 – 11 January 1988
114 years, 93 days 		United States Pennsylvania, United States
11 January 1988 14 February 1991
(3 years, 34 days) 		Carrie C. White F 113–116 18 November 1874 – 14 February 1991
116 years, 88 days 		United States Florida, United States
14 February 1991 4 August 1997
(6 years, 171 days) 		Jeanne Calment F 115–122 21 February 1875 – 4 August 1997
122 years, 164 days 		France Provence, France
4 August 1997 16 April 1998
(255 days) 		Marie-Louise Meilleur F 116–117 29 August 1880 – 16 April 1998
117 years, 230 days 		Canada Ontario, Canada
16 April 1998 30 December 1999
(1 year, 258 days) 		Sarah Knauss F 117–119 24 September 1880 – 30 December 1999
119 years, 97 days 		United States Pennsylvania, United States
30 December 1999 2 November 2000
(308 days) 		Eva Morris F 114 8 November 1885 – 2 November 2000
114 years, 360 days 		United Kingdom England, United Kingdom
2 November 2000 6 June 2001
(216 days) 		Marie Brémont F 114–115 25 April 1886 – 6 June 2001
115 years, 42 days 		France Anjou, France
6 June 2001 18 March 2002
(285 days) 		Maude Farris-Luse F 114–115 21 January 1887 – 18 March 2002
115 years, 56 days 		United States Michigan, United States
18 March 2002 31 October 2003
(1 year, 226 days) 		Kamato Hongo F 114–116 16 September 1887 – 31 October 2003
116 years, 45 days 		Japan Kagoshima, Japan
31 October 2003 13 November 2003
(13 days) 		Mitoyo Kawate F 114 15 May 1889 – 13 November 2003
114 years, 182 days 		Japan Hiroshima, Japan
13 November 2003 29 May 2004
(198 days) 		Ramona Trinidad Iglesias-Jordan F 114 31 August 1889 – 29 May 2004
114 years, 272 days 		Puerto Rico San Juan, Puerto Rico
29 May 2004 27 August 2006
(2 years, 90 days) 		María Capovilla F 114–116 14 September 1889 – 27 August 2006
116 years, 347 days 		Ecuador Guayas, Ecuador
27 August 2006 11 December 2006
(106 days) 		Elizabeth Bolden F 116 15 August 1890 – 11 December 2006
116 years, 118 days 		United States Tennessee, United States
11 December 2006 24 January 2007
(44 days) 		Emiliano Mercado del Toro M 115 21 August 1891 – 24 January 2007
115 years, 156 days 		Puerto Rico Isabela, Puerto Rico
24 January 2007 28 January 2007
(4 days) 		Emma Tillman F 114 22 November 1892 – 28 January 2007
114 years, 67 days 		United States Connecticut, United States
29 January 2007 13 August 2007
(197 days) 		Yone Minagawa F 114 4 January 1893 – 13 August 2007
114 years, 221 days 		Japan Fukuoka, Japan
13 August 2007 26 November 2008
(1 year, 105 days) 		Edna Parker F 114–115 20 April 1893 – 26 November 2008
115 years, 220 days 		United States Indiana, United States
26 November 2008 2 January 2009
(37 days) 		Maria de Jesus F 115 10 September 1893 – 2 January 2009
115 years, 114 days 		Portugal Tomar, Portugal
2 January 2009 11 September 2009
(252 days) 		Gertrude Baines F 114–115 6 April 1894 – 11 September 2009
115 years, 158 days 		United States California, United States
11 September 2009 2 May 2010
(233 days) 		Kama Chinen F 114 10 May 1895 – 2 May 2010
114 years, 357 days 		Japan Okinawa, Japan
2 May 2010 Present
(5300 days) 		Eugénie Blanchard F 114[12] born 16 February 1896
age 128 years, 262 days 		Living in France Saint Barthélemy, France

Chronological list of the verified oldest living man since 1961

  Deceased   Living   Disputed

From To Name Age when oldest Lived Place of death
10 February 1961 16 March 1962
(1 year, 34 days) 		Joseph Saint-Amour 108–110 26 February 1852 – 16 March 1962
110 years, 18 days 		Canada Quebec, Canada
16 March 1962 6 August 1965
(3 years, 142 days) 		William Fullingim 106–110 7 July 1855 – 6 August 1965
110 years, 30 days 		United States Oklahoma, United States
6 August 1965 21 March 1968
(2 years, 228 days) 		John Turner 109–111 15 June 1856 – 21 March 1968
111 years, 280 days 		United Kingdom England, United Kingdom
21 March 1968 ? August 1970
 Khasako Dzugayev 107–110? 7 August 1860 – fl. August 1970
110 years, 0+ days[13] 		Russia Ossetia, Russia
? August 1970 5 May 1973
 Friedrich Wedeking 110 10 October 1862 – 5 May 1973
110 years, 207 days 		Germany North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
5 May 1973 9 March 1974
(308 days) 		Frederick Butterfield 109–110 28 February 1864 – 9 March 1974
110 years, 9 days 		United Kingdom England, United Kingdom
9 March 1974 21 February 1986
(11 years, 349 days) 		Shigechiyo Izumi 108–120 29 June 1865 – 21 February 1986
120 years, 237 days 		Japan Kagoshima, Japan
20 February 1986 14 December 1986
(297 days) 		Joe Thomas 110–111 1 May 1875 – 14 December 1986
111 years, 227 days 		United States Louisiana, United States
14 December 1986 5 January 1987
(22 days) 		Herman Smith-Johannsen 111 15 June 1875 – 5 January 1987
111 years, 204 days 		Norway Vestfold, Norway
5 January 1987 25 November 1988
(1 year, 325 days) 		Alphaeus Philemon Cole 110–112 12 July 1876 – 25 November 1988
112 years, 136 days 		United States New Jersey, United States
25 November 1988 10 June 1990
(1 year, 197 days) 		John Evans 111–112 19 August 1877 – 10 June 1990
112 years, 295 days 		United Kingdom Wales, United Kingdom
10 June 1990 18 June 1990
(8 days) 		Henri Pérignon 110 14 October 1879 – 18 June 1990
110 years, 247 days 		France Normandy, France
18 June 1990 16 October 1991
(1 year, 120 days) 		James Wiggins 110–112 15 October 1879 – 16 October 1991
112 years, 1 day 		United States Arkansas, United States
16 October 1991 14 June 1993
(1 year, 241 days) 		Frederick Frazier 111–113 27 January 1880 – 14 June 1993
113 years, 138 days 		United States Alabama, United States
14 June 1993 20 January 1994
(220 days) 		Josep Armengol Jover 111–112 23 July 1881 – 20 January 1994
112 years, 181 days 		Spain Catalonia, Spain
20 January 1994 25 April 1998
(4 years, 95 days) 		Christian Mortensen 111–115 16 August 1882 – 25 April 1998
115 years, 252 days 		United States California, United States
25 April 1998 17 July 1998
(83 days) 		Johnson Parks 113 15 October 1884 – 17 July 1998
113 years, 275 days 		United States Florida, United States
17 July 1998 25 December 1998
(161 days) 		Walter Richardson 112–113 7 November 1885 – 25 December 1998
113 years, 48 days 		United States Illinois, United States
25 December 1998 29 April 1999
(125 days) 		Denzo Ishisaki 112 20 October 1886 – 29 April 1999
112 years, 191 days 		Japan Ibaraki, Japan
29 April 1999 15 November 1999
(200 days) 		Antonio Urrea-Hernández 111 16 February 1888 – 15 November 1999
111 years, 272 days 		Spain Catalonia, Spain
15 November 1999 1 March 2001
(1 year, 106 days) 		John Painter 111–112 20 September 1888 – 1 March 2001
112 years, 162 days 		United States Tennessee, United States
1 March 2001 3 January 2002
(308 days) 		Antonio Todde 112 22 January 1889 – 3 January 2002
112 years, 346 days 		Italy Sardinia, Italy
3 January 2002 28 September 2003
(1 year, 268 days) 		Yukichi Chuganji 112–114 23 March 1889 – 28 September 2003
114 years, 189 days 		Japan Fukuoka, Japan
28 September 2003 5 March 2004
(159 days) 		Joan Riudavets 113–114 15 December 1889 – 5 March 2004
114 years, 81 days 		Spain Minorca, Spain
5 March 2004 19 November 2004
(259 days) 		Fred Hale 113 1 December 1890 – 19 November 2004
113 years, 354 days 		United States Maine, United States
19 November 2004 24 January 2007
(2 years, 66 days) 		Emiliano Mercado del Toro 113–115 21 August 1891 – 24 January 2007
115 years, 156 days 		Puerto Rico Isabela, Puerto Rico
24 January 2007 19 June 2009
(2 years, 146 days) 		Tomoji Tanabe 111–113 18 September 1895 – 19 June 2009
113 years, 274 days 		Japan Miyazaki, Japan
19 June 2009 18 July 2009
(29 days) 		Henry Allingham 113 6 June 1896 – 18 July 2009
113 years, 42 days 		United Kingdom England, United Kingdom
18 July 2009 Present
(15 years, 109 days) 		Walter Breuning 112–114[12] born 21 September 1896
age 128 years, 44 days 		Living in United States Montana, United States

Supercentenarians who died before 1955

Main article: Supercentenarian

  Verified (Deceased)   Disputed

Name Sex Birth Death Age Place of death
Thomas Peters
 M 6 April 1745 26 March 1857 111 years, 354 days Netherlands Gelderland, Netherlands
Geert Boomgaard M 21 September 1788 3 February 1899 110 years, 135 days Netherlands Groningen, Netherlands
Margaret Neve F 18 May 1792 4 April 1903 110 years, 321 days Guernsey Guernsey, Channel Islands
Ann Pouder F 8 April 1807 10 July 1917 110 years, 93 days United States Nebraska, United States
Louisa Thiers F 2 October 1814 17 February 1926 111 years, 138 days United States Wisconsin, United States
Delina Filkins F 4 May 1815 4 December 1928 113 years, 214 days United States New York, United States
Miriam Bannister F 19 March 1817 9 April 1928 111 years, 21 days United States Missouri, United States
Demetrius Philipovitch M 9 March 1818 fl. August 1928 110 years, 150+ days Kingdom of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
Katherine Plunket F 22 November 1820 14 October 1932 111 years, 327 days Republic of Ireland Ireland
Valgjer Svien F 10 October 1842 23 January 1953 110 years, 105 days United States Minnesota, United States

National longevity recordholders

Main article: National longevity recordholders

This article gives the recordholders for various countries to the extent that they have been established. These records are based on Country of birth. Some recordholders emigrated and died in other Countries. Only 'verified' cases are included. Those listed as 'verified' have been validated by an international body that specifically deals in longevity research, such as the Gerontology Research Group.

  Deceased   Living   Disputed

Country Name Sex Birth date Death date Age
 France Jeanne Calment F 21 February 1875 4 August 1997 122 years, 164 days
 Japan Shigechiyo Izumi M 29 June 1865 21 February 1986 120 years, 237 days
 United States Sarah Knauss F 24 September 1880 30 December 1999 119 years, 97 days
 Canada Marie-Louise Meilleur F 29 August 1880 16 April 1998 117 years, 230 days
 Ecuador María Capovilla F 14 September 1889 27 August 2006 116 years, 347 days
 Denmark Christian Mortensen M 16 August 1882 25 April 1998 115 years, 252 days
 United Kingdom Charlotte Hughes F 1 August 1877 17 March 1993 115 years, 228 days
 Romania Aniţica Butariu F 17 June 1882 21 November 1997 115 years, 157 days
 Portugal Maria de Jesus F 10 September 1893 2 January 2009 115 years, 114 days
 Netherlands Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper F 29 June 1890 30 August 2005 115 years, 62 days
 Spain M.A.C.C.[14] F 10 June 1881 16 January 1996 114 years, 220 days
 Cape Verde Adelina Domingues F 19 February 1888 21 August 2002 114 years, 183 days
 Germany Charlotte Benkner F 16 November 1889 14 May 2004 114 years, 180 days
 Algeria Anne Primout F 5 October 1890 26 March 2005 114 years, 172 days
 Australia Christina Cock F 25 December 1887 22 May 2002 114 years, 148 days
 Italy Virginia Dighero F 24 December 1891 28 December 2005 114 years, 4 days
 India Lucy d'Abreu F 24 May 1892 7 December 2005 113 years, 197 days
 Sweden Astrid Zachrison F 15 May 1895 15 May 2008 113 years, 0 days
 Hungary Elizabeth Stefan F 13 May 1895 9 April 2008 112 years, 332 days
 Poland Rosa Rein F 24 March 1897 14 February 2010 112 years, 327 days
 Finland Lempi Rothovius F 2 October 1887 17 June 2000 112 years, 259 days
 Belgium Joanna Deroover F 3 June 1890 6 December 2002 112 years, 186 days
 Austria Maria Mika F 23 May 1882 17 November 1994 112 years, 178 days
 Norway Maren Bolette Torp F 21 December 1876 20 February 1989 112 years, 61 days
 Ireland Katherine Plunket F 20 November 1820 14 October 1932 111 years, 327 days
 Morocco Consuelo Moreno F 5 February 1893 13 November 2004 111 years, 282 days
 South Africa Johanna Booyson F 17 January 1857 16 June 1968 111 years, 151 days
 Colombia Daniel Guzmán-García M 6 February 1897 21 May 2008 111 years, 105 days
 Switzerland Emma Duvoisin F 5 July 1886 30 September 1997 111 years, 87 days
 Mexico Soledad Mexia F 13 August 1899 Living 125 years, 83 days
 Greece Gregory Pandazes M 15 January 1873 22 December 1983 110 years, 341 days
 Slovenia Katarina Marinič F 30 October 1899 2 September 2010 110 years, 307 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Rosalind Hill F 30 March 1899 18 January 2010 110 years, 294 days
 Barbados James Sisnett M 22 February 1900 Living 124 years, 256 days
 Russia Lina von Veh F 17 February 1898 19 June 2008 110 years, 123 days
 Lithuania Ella Ille Rentel F 19 May 1852 19 September 1962 110 years, 123 days
 Croatia Hermina Dunz F 24 February 1898 14 June 2008 110 years, 111 days
 Peru Julia Dougherty F 20 August 1893 4 December 2003 110 years, 106 days
 New Zealand Ethel Booth F 25 December 1890 18 February 2001 110 years, 55 days

Gerontology and the verification of age claims

Gerontology involves the tracking of the longest-lived proven individuals as the bio-markers of the human life span. The study of gerontology is usually credited to Michel Eugène Chevreul, a French chemist who died in 1889, aged 102. In the early years of the twenty first century gerontology is benefiting from the improvements in record-keeping in the industrialized world from the latter part of the nineteenth century. As a result, verification standards have evolved and multiple independent documentary confirmations of birth-date are now required to substantiate a claim, rather than evidence deriving only from the claimant. For claims that have not been satisfactorily confirmed by Guinness World Records, considered the authority, see longevity claims.

The population and lifespans of the world's oldest people are continually increasing with improvements in health care and lifestyle during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and the increasing world population. Additionally, better record-keeping, both 100+ years ago and today, is increasing the percentage of the world's population whose age can be tracked and verified. This increase has been matched by efforts to harness this data. While in 1837 the oldest verified person was aged 108 years[who?], it is now no longer unheard of for individuals, especially females, to have lived 110 years and more; the term supercentenarian has been coined to describe this emerging population group.

References

  1. ^ Craig R. Whitney (1997-08-05). "Jeanne Calment, World's Elder, Dies at 122". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
  2. ^ Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. ""Validation of Exceptional Longevity — Jeanne Calment: Validation of the Duration ofHer Life"". Retrieved 2008-08-04.
  3. ^ Jeanne Calment the most thoroughly documented supercentenarian
  4. ^ Douglas Martin (2004-04-21). "Norris McWhirter, 78, Dies; A Matchless Record Keeper". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
  5. ^ http://supercentenarian.com/oldest/izumi.html The Shigechiyo Izumi Case
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Coles, Stephen (2008-08-07). "Validated Living Supercentenarians". Table E. Gerontology Research Group. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  7. ^ a b Guinness World Records accepted in 1978 the claim that Shigechiyo Izumi was born 29 June 1865, and from the 1980 edition considered him the oldest person. However, subsequent research by some Japanese scholars has cast doubt on his claim, as his birth certificate is believed to refer to that of his older brother who died young and whose name might have been reused as a necronym. There remains continued speculation that he may have only lived to the age of 105.[1] Cite error: The named reference "Izumi" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  8. ^ Guinness World Records accepted White's claim, but subsequent research reveals she may have been 102 at death.[2]
  9. ^ While there is some question as to whether Kamato Hongo was in fact 115 years old at death instead of 116, research by Michel Poulain suggests she may have been 110 at death.[3]
  10. ^ The USA Social Security Administration recognizes Beard's claim, based on census information, but that census match is not universally accepted.
  11. ^ Bernátková was first included in the 1970 Guinness Book of Records. She was reportedly alive in October 1968, but the exact date of her death is not known.
  12. ^ a b Currently living
  13. ^ His grandson claims he lived until 115. See Dzugayev, K.G. (2006). "Южная Осетия в контексте российско-грузинских отношений (South Ossetia in the context of Russian-Georgian relations)". Bulletin of the Vladivkaz Institute of Management (in Russian) (19). До 115 лет дожил и наш дед Хасако Дзугаев, также рассказывавший немало интересного и, как правило, поддающегося проверке исторической наукой.
  14. ^ International Database on Longevity: Spaniard cases
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