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|stylistic_origins= [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]], [[rap rock]], [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[alternative metal]]<ref name="alt-metal">{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/style/alternative-metal-ma0000012328 |title=Alternative Metal |publisher=[[Allmusic]] |accessdate=November 21, 2012 |quote=The first wave of alternative metal bands fused heavy metal with prog-rock (Jane's Addiction, Primus), garage punk (Soundgarden, Corrosion of Conformity), noise-rock (the Jesus Lizard, Helmet), funk (Faith No More, Living Colour), rap (Faith No More, Biohazard), industrial (Ministry, Nine Inch Nails), psychedelia (Soundgarden, Monster Magnet), and even world music (later Sepultura)... Some of those bands eventually broke out to wider audiences, often with help from the Lollapalooza tour, and they also set the stage for a new wave of alt-metal that emerged around 1993-94, centered around the rap-metal fusions of Rage Against the Machine and Korn, the grindingly dissonant Tool, the heavily production-reliant White Zombie, and the popular breakthrough of Nine Inch Nails. These bands would become the most influential forces in shaping the sound and style of alternative metal for the rest of the '90s, along with Pantera, whose thick, molten riffs sounded like no other thrash-metal band.}}</ref><ref name="Henderson"/>
|stylistic_origins= [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]], [[rap rock]], [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[alternative metal]]<ref name="alt-metal">{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/style/alternative-metal-ma0000012328 |title=Alternative Metal |publisher=[[Allmusic]] |accessdate=November 21, 2012 |quote=The first wave of alternative metal bands fused heavy metal with prog-rock (Jane's Addiction, Primus), garage punk (Soundgarden, Corrosion of Conformity), noise-rock (the Jesus Lizard, Helmet), funk (Faith No More, Living Colour), rap (Faith No More, Biohazard), industrial (Ministry, Nine Inch Nails), psychedelia (Soundgarden, Monster Magnet), and even world music (later Sepultura)... Some of those bands eventually broke out to wider audiences, often with help from the Lollapalooza tour, and they also set the stage for a new wave of alt-metal that emerged around 1993-94, centered around the rap-metal fusions of Rage Against the Machine and Korn, the grindingly dissonant Tool, the heavily production-reliant White Zombie, and the popular breakthrough of Nine Inch Nails. These bands would become the most influential forces in shaping the sound and style of alternative metal for the rest of the '90s, along with Pantera, whose thick, molten riffs sounded like no other thrash-metal band.}}</ref><ref name="Henderson"/>
|cultural_origins=Mid-to-late 1980s, [[United States]]
|cultural_origins=Mid-to-late 1980s, [[United States]]
|instruments=[[Rapping]], [[singing|vocals]], [[electric guitar]], [[Bass guitar|bass]], [[Drum kit|drums]], [[Sampler (musical instrument)|sampler]], [[Keyboard instrument|keyboard]]
|instruments=[[Rapping]], [[singing|vocals]], [[electric guitar]], [[Bass guitar|bass]], [[Drum kit|drums]], [[Sampler (musical instrument)|sampler]], [[turntables]]
|popularity=Underground in 1980s, moderate in early 1990s, gained much mainstream success in the mid-late 90s.
|popularity=Underground in 1980s, moderate in early 1990s, gained much mainstream success in the mid-late 90s.
|fusiongenres=[[Nu metal]]
|fusiongenres=[[Nu metal]]
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==History==
==History==
===Origins and early development===
===Origins and early development (1980s-early 1990s)===
The 1990s saw the peak of rap metal's mainstream popularity. For instance, the rap metal band [[Faith No More]]'s song [[Epic (Faith No More song)|Epic]] was a major success and peaked at number 9 on the [[Billboard Hot 100]].<ref>{{cite web|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=faith no more|chart=all}}|title=Faith No More Album & Song Chart History|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> For example, [[Rage Against the Machine]]'s ''[[Evil Empire (album)|Evil Empire]]'' entered the ''Billboard'' 200 at number one in 1996. In 1999, their third studio album, ''[[The Battle of Los Angeles (album)|The Battle of Los Angeles]]'', also debuted in top spot in the ''Billboard'' 200; it sold 430,000 copies in its first week.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=949850|title=Raging Sales Put Rage Atop Billboard 200|date=1999-11-11|publisher=[[Billboard.com]]|accessdate=2008-10-30}}</ref> Every single on the band's albums became platinum hits.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=Rage%20%Against%20%The%20%Machine&sort=Artist&perPage=50|title=RIAA - Gold & Platinum: Searchable Database|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|accessdate=2008-10-29}}</ref>

On August 18, 1998, Atlantic released rap metal musician [[Kid Rock]]'s ''[[Devil Without a Cause]]'' behind the single "Welcome 2 The Party" and Kid Rock went on the [[Warped Tour|Vans Warped Tour]] to support the album. Sales of "Welcome 2 The Party" and ''Devil Without a Cause'' were slow, though the 1998 Warped Tour in [[Northampton, Massachusetts]] stimulated regional interest in [[Massachusetts]] and [[New England]]. This led to substantial airplay of the single "I Am The Bullgod" during the summer and fall of 1998 on Massachusetts rock staples [[WZLX]] and [[WAAF (FM)|WAAF]]. In early December 1998, while DJing at a club, he met and became friends with MTV host [[Carson Daly]]. He talked Daly into getting him a performance on MTV and on December 28, 1998, he performed on ''MTV Fashionably Loud''in [[Miami]], Florida, creating a buzz from his performance, even upstagging Jay-Z. In May, his sales began taking off with the third single "Bawitdaba" and by April 1999, ''Devil Without a Cause'' had achieved a [[gold disc]].<ref name="RIAA Certifications">{{cite web| title=RIAA Certifications for albums by Kid Rock: Gold and Platinum | publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]] |work= RIAA.com| url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Kid%20Rock%20&format=ALBUM&go=Search&perPage=50 |accessdate=July 22, 2008}}</ref> The following month, ''Devil'', as he predicted, went platinum.<ref name="RIAA Certifications" />

Kid Rock's first major tour was Limptropolis, where he opened for [[Limp Bizkit]] with [[Staind]]. He solidified his superstardom with a [[Woodstock 1999]] performance and on July 24 of that year, he was double platinum.<ref name="RIAA Certifications" /> The following single "[[Cowboy (song)|Cowboy]]", a mix of southern rock, country, and rap, was an even bigger hit, making the Top 40. It even became the theme song of [[World Championship Wrestling|WCW]]'s [[Jeff Jarrett]]. Rock's next single, the slow back porch blues ballad "[[Only God Knows Why]]", was the biggest hit off the album, charting at No. 19 on the [[Billboard Hot 100]]. It was one of the first songs to use the [[Auto-Tune|autotune effect]]. By the time the final single, "[[Wasting Time (Kid Rock Song)|Wasting Time]]", was released, the album had sold 7 million copies. ''Devil Without A Cause'' was certified 11 times platinum by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]] on April 17, 2003.<ref name="RIAA Certifications" /> According to soundscan actual sales are 9.3 million as of 2013.

Kid Rock was nominated as Best New Artist at the 2000 Grammy Awards, but lost to [[Christina Aguilera]]. He was nominated for "Bawitdaba" for Best Hard Rock Performance, but lost to [[Metallica]]'s "Whiskey in the Jar".

Rap metal originated from [[rap rock]], a genre fusing vocal and instrumental elements of [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] with [[Rock music|rock]].<ref name="Henderson">{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/style/rap-metal-ma0000002817 |title=Rap-Metal |publisher=[[Allmusic]] |accessdate=June 24, 2008 |last=Henderson |first=Alex}}</ref> The genre's roots are based both in hip hop acts that sampled [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] songs, such as [[Beastie Boys]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/licensed-to-ill-mw0000649870 |title=Review of ''Licensed to Ill'' |accessdate=December 31, 2008 |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |publisher=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> [[Cypress Hill]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/black-sunday-mw0000619702 |title=Review of ''Black Sunday'' |accessdate=December 31, 2008 |last=Huey |first=Steve |publisher=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> [[Esham]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Keyes |first=Cheryl Lynette |title=Rap Music and Street Consciousness |year=2002 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=0-252-07201-4, 9780252072017 |chapter=Blending and Shaping Styles: Rap and Other Musical Voices |page=108}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=William E. |last=Ketchum III |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title=''Mayor Esham? What?'' |url=http://www.metrotimes.com/music/story.asp?id=13341 |format= |agency= |work= |publisher=''[[Metro Times]]'' |location=[[Detroit, Michigan]] |id= |pages= |page= |date=October 15, 2008 |accessdate=October 16, 2008 |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref> and [[Run–D.M.C.]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/run-dmc-mn0000358408 |title=Biography of Run-D.M.C. |accessdate=December 31, 2008 |publisher=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> as well as rock bands who fused heavy metal and hip hop influences, such as [[24-7 Spyz]]<ref>{{cite news |title=''24-7 Spyz! Threw reggae, rap, metal and positive vibes into a blender, then drank in the musical mix'' |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=RM&p_theme=rm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB4D957AA9445D7&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |publisher=''[[Rocky Mountain News]]'' |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=January 8, 2009}}</ref> and [[Faith No More]].<ref>{{cite news |title=''Faith No More has more faith than its record company bargained for'' |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SJ&s_site=mercurynews&p_multi=SJ&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB732C85A4AD6A3&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |publisher=''[[San Jose Mercury News]]'' |date=July 31, 1990 |accessdate=January 8, 2009}}</ref> [[Scott Ian]] of [[Anthrax (American band)|Anthrax]] (who helped pioneer the genre) believes [[Rage Against the Machine]] invented the genre.<ref>http://www.thenationalstudent.com/Features/2013-06-03/Interview__Scott_Ian.html</ref>
Rap metal originated from [[rap rock]], a genre fusing vocal and instrumental elements of [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] with [[Rock music|rock]].<ref name="Henderson">{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/style/rap-metal-ma0000002817 |title=Rap-Metal |publisher=[[Allmusic]] |accessdate=June 24, 2008 |last=Henderson |first=Alex}}</ref> The genre's roots are based both in hip hop acts that sampled [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] songs, such as [[Beastie Boys]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/licensed-to-ill-mw0000649870 |title=Review of ''Licensed to Ill'' |accessdate=December 31, 2008 |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |publisher=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> [[Cypress Hill]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/black-sunday-mw0000619702 |title=Review of ''Black Sunday'' |accessdate=December 31, 2008 |last=Huey |first=Steve |publisher=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> [[Esham]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Keyes |first=Cheryl Lynette |title=Rap Music and Street Consciousness |year=2002 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=0-252-07201-4, 9780252072017 |chapter=Blending and Shaping Styles: Rap and Other Musical Voices |page=108}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=William E. |last=Ketchum III |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title=''Mayor Esham? What?'' |url=http://www.metrotimes.com/music/story.asp?id=13341 |format= |agency= |work= |publisher=''[[Metro Times]]'' |location=[[Detroit, Michigan]] |id= |pages= |page= |date=October 15, 2008 |accessdate=October 16, 2008 |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref> and [[Run–D.M.C.]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/run-dmc-mn0000358408 |title=Biography of Run-D.M.C. |accessdate=December 31, 2008 |publisher=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> as well as rock bands who fused heavy metal and hip hop influences, such as [[24-7 Spyz]]<ref>{{cite news |title=''24-7 Spyz! Threw reggae, rap, metal and positive vibes into a blender, then drank in the musical mix'' |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=RM&p_theme=rm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB4D957AA9445D7&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |publisher=''[[Rocky Mountain News]]'' |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=January 8, 2009}}</ref> and [[Faith No More]].<ref>{{cite news |title=''Faith No More has more faith than its record company bargained for'' |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SJ&s_site=mercurynews&p_multi=SJ&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB732C85A4AD6A3&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |publisher=''[[San Jose Mercury News]]'' |date=July 31, 1990 |accessdate=January 8, 2009}}</ref> [[Scott Ian]] of [[Anthrax (American band)|Anthrax]] (who helped pioneer the genre) believes [[Rage Against the Machine]] invented the genre.<ref>http://www.thenationalstudent.com/Features/2013-06-03/Interview__Scott_Ian.html</ref>


In 1987, New York [[thrash metal]] band [[Anthrax (American band)|Anthrax]] fused hip hop with heavy metal for their [[extended play]] ''[[I'm the Man (EP)|I'm the Man]]'',<ref>{{cite news |first=Thane |last=Peterson |title=''How Corrosive Is Heavy Metal?'' |url=http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/sep2000/nf20000926_614.htm |publisher=''[[BusinessWeek]]'' |date=September 26, 2000 |accessdate=January 8, 2009}}</ref> and then were teamed up with [[Public Enemy (group)|Public Enemy]] for a remake of the latter's "[[Bring the Noise]]" that fused hip hop with thrash metal.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Gold |title=''Anthrax, Public Enemy Fuse Rap, Metal''|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/61519990.html?dids=61519990:61519990&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Oct+21%2C+1991&author=JONATHAN+GOLD&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=POP+MUSIC+REVIEW+Anthrax%2C+Public+Enemy+Fuse+Rap%2C+Metal&pqatl=google |publisher=''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' |date=October 21, 1991 |accessdate=January 8, 2009}}</ref> The next year rapper [[Sir Mix-a-Lot]] teamed up with [[Metal Church]] for his 1988 single "Iron Man", loosely based upon the [[Black Sabbath]] [[Iron Man (song)|song of the same name]].<ref name="Henderson"/> In 1990, rapper [[Ice-T]] formed a heavy metal band called [[Body Count]], and while performing at the 1991 [[Lollapalooza]] tour performed a set that was half rap songs and half metal songs. [[Stuck Mojo]], a metal band whose vocalist rapped, is considered to be another pioneer of the genre.<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title=''<nowiki>Mojo's Working — Rap-Rock Pioneers Are Back</nowiki>'' |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CL&s_site=ledgerenquirer&p_multi=CL&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=110FCD9756137570&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |format= |agency= |work= |publisher=''[[Columbus Ledger-Enquirer]]'' |location= |id= |pages= |page= |date=April 13, 2006 |accessdate=December 9, 2008 |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Brad |last=Barnes |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title=''<nowiki>Rap-rock pioneers have their 'Mojo' workin'</nowiki>'' |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-14911549_ITM |format= |agency= |work= |publisher=''[[Columbus Ledger-Enquirer]]'' |location= |id= |pages= |page= |date=April 19, 2006 |accessdate=December 9, 2008 |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref>
In 1987, New York [[thrash metal]] band [[Anthrax (American band)|Anthrax]] fused hip hop with heavy metal for their [[extended play]] ''[[I'm the Man (EP)|I'm the Man]]'',<ref>{{cite news |first=Thane |last=Peterson |title=''How Corrosive Is Heavy Metal?'' |url=http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/sep2000/nf20000926_614.htm |publisher=''[[BusinessWeek]]'' |date=September 26, 2000 |accessdate=January 8, 2009}}</ref> and then were teamed up with [[Public Enemy (group)|Public Enemy]] for a remake of the latter's "[[Bring the Noise]]" that fused hip hop with thrash metal.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Gold |title=''Anthrax, Public Enemy Fuse Rap, Metal''|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/61519990.html?dids=61519990:61519990&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Oct+21%2C+1991&author=JONATHAN+GOLD&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=POP+MUSIC+REVIEW+Anthrax%2C+Public+Enemy+Fuse+Rap%2C+Metal&pqatl=google |publisher=''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' |date=October 21, 1991 |accessdate=January 8, 2009}}</ref> The next year rapper [[Sir Mix-a-Lot]] teamed up with [[Metal Church]] for his 1988 single "Iron Man", loosely based upon the [[Black Sabbath]] [[Iron Man (song)|song of the same name]].<ref name="Henderson"/> In 1990, rapper [[Ice-T]] formed a heavy metal band called [[Body Count]], and while performing at the 1991 [[Lollapalooza]] tour performed a set that was half rap songs and half metal songs. [[Stuck Mojo]], a metal band whose vocalist rapped, is considered to be another pioneer of the genre.<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title=''<nowiki>Mojo's Working — Rap-Rock Pioneers Are Back</nowiki>'' |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CL&s_site=ledgerenquirer&p_multi=CL&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=110FCD9756137570&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |format= |agency= |work= |publisher=''[[Columbus Ledger-Enquirer]]'' |location= |id= |pages= |page= |date=April 13, 2006 |accessdate=December 9, 2008 |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Brad |last=Barnes |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title=''<nowiki>Rap-rock pioneers have their 'Mojo' workin'</nowiki>'' |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-14911549_ITM |format= |agency= |work= |publisher=''[[Columbus Ledger-Enquirer]]'' |location= |id= |pages= |page= |date=April 19, 2006 |accessdate=December 9, 2008 |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref>


===Mainstream popularity===
===Mainstream popularity (1990s-early 2000s===
In 1998, [[Ice Cube]] released his long-awaited album [[War & Peace Vol. 1 (The War Disc)]] which had some elements of nu metal and [[rap metal]] on some tracks.<ref>[{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r381243|pure_url=yes}} Allmusic review]</ref> The album debuted at No. 7 on the [[Billboard 200]] chart, selling 180,000 copies in the first week.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com.br/books?id=LgoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA1-PA128&lpg=RA1-PA128&dq=ice+cube+lethal+injection+first+week+sales&source=bl&ots=R9eqe0zgXo&sig=aimZBkWxYlMidadpisuhReO10q0&hl=pt-BR&ei=l2OoTr6lPIOmsQLiwcTQDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=ice%20cube%20lethal%20injection%20first%20week%20sales&f=false |title=Billboard - Google Livros |publisher=Books.google.com.br |date= |accessdate=2012-03-14}}</ref>
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A Florida hip hop and rap metal-influenced [[nu metal]] band, [[Limp Bizkit]]'s 1999 album ''[[Significant Other]]'' climbed to No. 1 on the ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' [[Billboard 200|200]], selling 643,874 copies in its first week of release.<ref name=Devenish95/> In its second week of release, the album sold an additional 335,000 copies.<ref name=Devenish95>{{cite book |last1=Devenish |first1=Colin |title=Limp Bizkit |year=2000 |publisher=St. Martin's |isbn=0-312-26349-X |pages=95–113}}</ref> The band's follow-up album, ''[[Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water]]'', set a record for highest week-one sales of a rock album with over one million copies sold in the U.S. in its first week of release, with 400,000 of those sales coming on its first day, making it the fastest-selling rock album ever, breaking the record held for 7 years by [[Pearl Jam]]'s ''[[Vs. (Pearl Jam album)|Vs.]]''<ref>{{cite news|last=Reese |first=Lori |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,85663,00.html |title=Bizkit in Gravy &#124; Music |publisher=''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' |date=October 24, 2000 |accessdate=July 29, 2010}}</ref>

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A Florida hip hop and rap metal-influenced [[nu metal]] band, [[Limp Bizkit]]'s 1999 album ''[[Significant Other]]'' climbed to No. 1 on the ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' [[Billboard 200|200]], selling 643,874 copies in its first week of release.<ref name=Devenish95/> In its second week of release, the album sold an additional 335,000 copies.<ref name=Devenish95>{{cite book |last1=Devenish |first1=Colin |title=Limp Bizkit |year=2000 |publisher=St. Martin's |isbn=0-312-26349-X |pages=95–113}}</ref> The band's follow-up album, ''[[Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water]]'', set a record for highest week-one sales of a rock album with over one million copies sold in the U.S. in its first week of release, with 400,000 of those sales coming on its first day, making it the fastest-selling rock album ever, breaking the record held for 7 years by [[Pearl Jam]]'s ''[[Vs. (Pearl Jam album)|Vs.]]''<ref>{{cite news|last=Reese |first=Lori |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,85663,00.html |title=Bizkit in Gravy &#124; Music |publisher=''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' |date=October 24, 2000 |accessdate=July 29, 2010}}</ref> That same year, [[Papa Roach]]'s major label debut ''[[Infest (album)|Infest]]'' became a platinum hit.<ref>B. Reesman, "Sustaining the success", ''Billboard'', June 23, 2001, 113 (25), p. 25.</ref>

⚫
[[Cypress Hill]] incorporated direct heavy metal influences into their 2000 album ''[[Skull & Bones (album)|Skull & Bones]]'', which featured six tracks in which rappers [[B-Real]] and [[Sen Dog]] were backed by a band including [[Fear Factory]] members [[Christian Olde Wolbers]] and [[Dino Cazares]] and [[Rage Against the Machine]] drummer [[Brad Wilk]].<ref>{{cite news |first=John |last=Gill |title=''Cypress Hill Digs Up "Bones" With Rap And Rock'' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1427757/20000310/cypress_hill.jhtml |publisher=[[MTV News]]|date=March 10, 2000 |accessdate=December 31, 2008}}</ref> B-Real also formed a rap metal group, [[Kush (band)|Kush]], with Wolbers, Fear Factory drummer [[Raymond Herrera]] and [[Deftones]] guitarist [[Stephen Carpenter]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Corey |last=Moss |title=''With Kush Record Done, B-Real Keepin' Real Busy'' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1453557/20020423/cypress_hill.jhtml |publisher=[[MTV News]] |date=April 23, 2002 |accessdate=December 31, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Downey">{{cite news |first=Ryan J |last=Downey |title=''B-Real Finishing Up Kush LP, Going Grimmer For Next Cypress Hill Album'' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1458879/20021126/cypress_hill.jhtml |publisher=[[MTV News]] |date=November 27, 2002 |accessdate=December 31, 2008}}</ref> According to B-Real, Kush is more aggressive than other bands in the genre.<ref name="Downey"/> [[SX-10]], formed in 1996 by Sen Dog, also performs rap rock and rap metal.<ref>{{cite news |title=''SX10 tocara hoy en el DanZoo'' |url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2003/05/24/21an2esp.php?printver=1&fly=2 |publisher=''[[La Jornada]]'' |location=[[Mexico City]] |date=May 24, 2003 |accessdate=December 31, 2008 |language=Spanish}}</ref>


In 2000, the rap metal band [[P.O.D.]]'s 1999 album ''[[The Fundamental Elements of Southtown]]'' went platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-fundamental-elements-of-southtown-mw0000249623/awards |title=The Fundamental Elements of Southtown - P.O.D. : Awards |publisher=AllMusic |date=1999-08-17 |accessdate=2013-01-01}}</ref> and was the 143rd best-selling album of 2000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Billboard 200 Albums - 2000 Year End Charts: 141 - 160 {{!}} Billboard|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2000/the-billboard-200?begin=141&order=position|accessdate=3 January 2013}}</ref> Late in 2000, [[Linkin Park]] released their debut album ''[[Hybrid Theory]]'', which remains both the best-selling debut album by any artist in the 21st century, and the best-selling nu metal album of all time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/8981/Linkin-Park-Hybrid-Theory |title=Linkin Park - Hybrid Theory (staff review) |publisher=Sputnikmusic |date=2006-09-02 |accessdate=2012-08-27}}</ref> The album was also the best-selling album in all genres in 2001, offsetting sales by prominent pop acts like [[Backstreet Boys]] and [[N'Sync]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Sanneh|first=Kelefa|title=MUSIC; New Ideas From the Top of the Charts|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/31/arts/music-new-ideas-from-the-top-of-the-charts.html|newspaper=New York Times|date=March 31, 2002}}</ref> earning the band a [[Grammy Award]] for their second single "[[Crawling (song)|Crawling]]",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/01/04/entertainment/main323197.shtml |title=Complete List Of Grammy Nominees |publisher=CBS News |date=2009-02-11 |accessdate=2012-08-27}}</ref> with the fourth single, "[[In the End]]", released late in 2001, becoming one of the most recognized songs in the first decade of the 21st century.<ref>[http://www.blender.com/lists/68125/500-greatest-songs-since-you-were-born-451-500.html?p=8 ]{{dead link|date=August 2012}}</ref><ref name="billboard.com">[http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/searchResult.jsp?keyword=Linkin+Park&x=0&y=0&exposeNavigation=true&applicationName=bbcom&matchType=mode%2Bmatchallpartial&rangePropertyName=FORMATTED_DATE&rangeFilterType=BTWN ]{{dead link|date=August 2012}}</ref> The [[rap rock]] band [[Crazy Town]] also broke into the mainstream success of nu metal with their 1999 album ''[[The Gift of Game]]'', especially their number 1 hit single, [[Butterfly (Crazy Town song)|Butterfly]], which peaked at number 1 on many charts including the [[Billboard Hot 100]] during March 2001, remaining on the Hot 100 for 23 weeks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/299746/crazy+town/chart?f=379 |title=Crazy Town - Chart History |publisher=[[Billboard]]}}</ref><ref>[http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/crazy_town/artist.jhtml MTV.com – Crazy Town Biography]</ref> It also peaked at number 1 on the [[Modern Rock Tracks]] chart and the Hot Dance Singles chart as well as peaking number 6 on the Rhythmic Top 40, number 2 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart and number 4 on the Top 40 Tracks chart.<ref name="CrazyAMG">[http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-gift-of-game-mw0000252817/awards The Gift of Game - Crazy Town <nowiki>|</nowiki> Awards - Allmusic]</ref> Their album [[The Gift of Game]] peaked at number 9 on the [[Billboard 200]].<ref name="CrazyAMG"/> Worldwide the album sold more than 2.5 million units,<ref>[http://www.melodic.net/reviewsOne.asp?revnr=1686 Melodic.net – Darkhorse review]</ref> with more than 1.5 million in the US alone.<ref name="bits">10/Jan/2002 [http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4618327-1.html Allbusiness.com – Billboard Bits: Crazy Town, Nelly, Ny Metropolis Fest]</ref> Also that year was [[Saliva (band)|Saliva]]'s ''[[Every Six Seconds]]'' which was also a commercial success, debuting at no. 6 on the [[Billboard 200]]. In 2001, the band [[P.O.D.]]'s [[Satellite (P.O.D. album)|Satellite]] album went triple platinum<ref name="Satellite is certified triple-platinum">{{cite web |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/74154/eminem-nelly-lavigne-notch-new-platinum-marks |title=Satellite is certified triple-platinum |accessdate=December 31, 2007 |author=Jeckell, Barry A. |date= September 19, 2002 |work= ''[[Billboard magazine|Billboard]]'' |quote= The triple-platinum milestone was recently reached by hard rock act P.O.D.'s year-old "Satellite" (Atlantic)}}</ref> and peaked at #6 on the [[Billboard 200]] chart.<ref name="P.O.D. Billboard Albums Chart">{{cite web|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=p.o.d.|chart=all}}|title=P.O.D. Billboard Albums Chart|publisher=billboard.com}}</ref>
⚫
Cypress Hill incorporated direct heavy metal influences into their 2000 album ''[[Skull & Bones (album)|Skull & Bones]]'', which featured six tracks in which rappers [[B-Real]] and [[Sen Dog]] were backed by a band including [[Fear Factory]] members [[Christian Olde Wolbers]] and [[Dino Cazares]] and [[Rage Against the Machine]] drummer [[Brad Wilk]].<ref>{{cite news |first=John |last=Gill |title=''Cypress Hill Digs Up "Bones" With Rap And Rock'' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1427757/20000310/cypress_hill.jhtml |publisher=[[MTV News]]|date=March 10, 2000 |accessdate=December 31, 2008}}</ref> B-Real also formed a rap metal group, [[Kush (band)|Kush]], with Wolbers, Fear Factory drummer [[Raymond Herrera]] and [[Deftones]] guitarist [[Stephen Carpenter]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Corey |last=Moss |title=''With Kush Record Done, B-Real Keepin' Real Busy'' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1453557/20020423/cypress_hill.jhtml |publisher=[[MTV News]] |date=April 23, 2002 |accessdate=December 31, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Downey">{{cite news |first=Ryan J |last=Downey |title=''B-Real Finishing Up Kush LP, Going Grimmer For Next Cypress Hill Album'' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1458879/20021126/cypress_hill.jhtml |publisher=[[MTV News]] |date=November 27, 2002 |accessdate=December 31, 2008}}</ref> According to B-Real, Kush is more aggressive than other bands in the genre.<ref name="Downey"/> [[SX-10]], formed in 1996 by Sen Dog, also performs rap rock and rap metal.<ref>{{cite news |title=''SX10 tocara hoy en el DanZoo'' |url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2003/05/24/21an2esp.php?printver=1&fly=2 |publisher=''[[La Jornada]]'' |location=[[Mexico City]] |date=May 24, 2003 |accessdate=December 31, 2008 |language=Spanish}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Hip hop genres]]
[[Category:Hip hop genres]]
[[Category:Rap rock]]
[[Category:Rap rock]]
[[Category:1990s in music]]


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Revision as of 23:39, 20 January 2014

Rap metal
Stylistic originsHip hop, rap rock, heavy metal, alternative metal[1][2]
Cultural originsMid-to-late 1980s, United States
Typical instrumentsRapping, vocals, electric guitar, bass, drums, sampler, turntables
Fusion genres
Nu metal
Other topics
Rapcore, funk metal

Rap metal is a sub-genre of rap rock and alternative metal music which fuses vocal and instrumental elements of hip hop with heavy metal.

History

Origins and early development (1980s-early 1990s)

The 1990s saw the peak of rap metal's mainstream popularity. For instance, the rap metal band Faith No More's song Epic was a major success and peaked at number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100.[3] For example, Rage Against the Machine's Evil Empire entered the Billboard 200 at number one in 1996. In 1999, their third studio album, The Battle of Los Angeles, also debuted in top spot in the Billboard 200; it sold 430,000 copies in its first week.[4] Every single on the band's albums became platinum hits.[5]

On August 18, 1998, Atlantic released rap metal musician Kid Rock's Devil Without a Cause behind the single "Welcome 2 The Party" and Kid Rock went on the Vans Warped Tour to support the album. Sales of "Welcome 2 The Party" and Devil Without a Cause were slow, though the 1998 Warped Tour in Northampton, Massachusetts stimulated regional interest in Massachusetts and New England. This led to substantial airplay of the single "I Am The Bullgod" during the summer and fall of 1998 on Massachusetts rock staples WZLX and WAAF. In early December 1998, while DJing at a club, he met and became friends with MTV host Carson Daly. He talked Daly into getting him a performance on MTV and on December 28, 1998, he performed on MTV Fashionably Loudin Miami, Florida, creating a buzz from his performance, even upstagging Jay-Z. In May, his sales began taking off with the third single "Bawitdaba" and by April 1999, Devil Without a Cause had achieved a gold disc.[6] The following month, Devil, as he predicted, went platinum.[6]

Kid Rock's first major tour was Limptropolis, where he opened for Limp Bizkit with Staind. He solidified his superstardom with a Woodstock 1999 performance and on July 24 of that year, he was double platinum.[6] The following single "Cowboy", a mix of southern rock, country, and rap, was an even bigger hit, making the Top 40. It even became the theme song of WCW's Jeff Jarrett. Rock's next single, the slow back porch blues ballad "Only God Knows Why", was the biggest hit off the album, charting at No. 19 on the Billboard Hot 100. It was one of the first songs to use the autotune effect. By the time the final single, "Wasting Time", was released, the album had sold 7 million copies. Devil Without A Cause was certified 11 times platinum by the RIAA on April 17, 2003.[6] According to soundscan actual sales are 9.3 million as of 2013.

Kid Rock was nominated as Best New Artist at the 2000 Grammy Awards, but lost to Christina Aguilera. He was nominated for "Bawitdaba" for Best Hard Rock Performance, but lost to Metallica's "Whiskey in the Jar".

Rap metal originated from rap rock, a genre fusing vocal and instrumental elements of hip hop with rock.[2] The genre's roots are based both in hip hop acts that sampled heavy metal songs, such as Beastie Boys,[7] Cypress Hill,[8] Esham[9][10] and Run–D.M.C.,[11] as well as rock bands who fused heavy metal and hip hop influences, such as 24-7 Spyz[12] and Faith No More.[13] Scott Ian of Anthrax (who helped pioneer the genre) believes Rage Against the Machine invented the genre.[14]

In 1987, New York thrash metal band Anthrax fused hip hop with heavy metal for their extended play I'm the Man,[15] and then were teamed up with Public Enemy for a remake of the latter's "Bring the Noise" that fused hip hop with thrash metal.[16] The next year rapper Sir Mix-a-Lot teamed up with Metal Church for his 1988 single "Iron Man", loosely based upon the Black Sabbath song of the same name.[2] In 1990, rapper Ice-T formed a heavy metal band called Body Count, and while performing at the 1991 Lollapalooza tour performed a set that was half rap songs and half metal songs. Stuck Mojo, a metal band whose vocalist rapped, is considered to be another pioneer of the genre.[17][18]

Mainstream popularity (1990s-early 2000s

In 1998, Ice Cube released his long-awaited album War & Peace Vol. 1 (The War Disc) which had some elements of nu metal and rap metal on some tracks.[19] The album debuted at No. 7 on the Billboard 200 chart, selling 180,000 copies in the first week.[20]

A Florida hip hop and rap metal-influenced nu metal band, Limp Bizkit's 1999 album Significant Other climbed to No. 1 on the Billboard 200, selling 643,874 copies in its first week of release.[21] In its second week of release, the album sold an additional 335,000 copies.[21] The band's follow-up album, Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water, set a record for highest week-one sales of a rock album with over one million copies sold in the U.S. in its first week of release, with 400,000 of those sales coming on its first day, making it the fastest-selling rock album ever, breaking the record held for 7 years by Pearl Jam's Vs.[22] That same year, Papa Roach's major label debut Infest became a platinum hit.[23]

Cypress Hill incorporated direct heavy metal influences into their 2000 album Skull & Bones, which featured six tracks in which rappers B-Real and Sen Dog were backed by a band including Fear Factory members Christian Olde Wolbers and Dino Cazares and Rage Against the Machine drummer Brad Wilk.[24] B-Real also formed a rap metal group, Kush, with Wolbers, Fear Factory drummer Raymond Herrera and Deftones guitarist Stephen Carpenter.[25][26] According to B-Real, Kush is more aggressive than other bands in the genre.[26] SX-10, formed in 1996 by Sen Dog, also performs rap rock and rap metal.[27]

In 2000, the rap metal band P.O.D.'s 1999 album The Fundamental Elements of Southtown went platinum[28] and was the 143rd best-selling album of 2000.[29] Late in 2000, Linkin Park released their debut album Hybrid Theory, which remains both the best-selling debut album by any artist in the 21st century, and the best-selling nu metal album of all time.[30] The album was also the best-selling album in all genres in 2001, offsetting sales by prominent pop acts like Backstreet Boys and N'Sync,[31] earning the band a Grammy Award for their second single "Crawling",[32] with the fourth single, "In the End", released late in 2001, becoming one of the most recognized songs in the first decade of the 21st century.[33][34] The rap rock band Crazy Town also broke into the mainstream success of nu metal with their 1999 album The Gift of Game, especially their number 1 hit single, Butterfly, which peaked at number 1 on many charts including the Billboard Hot 100 during March 2001, remaining on the Hot 100 for 23 weeks.[35][36] It also peaked at number 1 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart and the Hot Dance Singles chart as well as peaking number 6 on the Rhythmic Top 40, number 2 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart and number 4 on the Top 40 Tracks chart.[37] Their album The Gift of Game peaked at number 9 on the Billboard 200.[37] Worldwide the album sold more than 2.5 million units,[38] with more than 1.5 million in the US alone.[39] Also that year was Saliva's Every Six Seconds which was also a commercial success, debuting at no. 6 on the Billboard 200. In 2001, the band P.O.D.'s Satellite album went triple platinum[40] and peaked at #6 on the Billboard 200 chart.[41]

References

  1. ^ "Alternative Metal". Allmusic. Retrieved November 21, 2012. The first wave of alternative metal bands fused heavy metal with prog-rock (Jane's Addiction, Primus), garage punk (Soundgarden, Corrosion of Conformity), noise-rock (the Jesus Lizard, Helmet), funk (Faith No More, Living Colour), rap (Faith No More, Biohazard), industrial (Ministry, Nine Inch Nails), psychedelia (Soundgarden, Monster Magnet), and even world music (later Sepultura)... Some of those bands eventually broke out to wider audiences, often with help from the Lollapalooza tour, and they also set the stage for a new wave of alt-metal that emerged around 1993-94, centered around the rap-metal fusions of Rage Against the Machine and Korn, the grindingly dissonant Tool, the heavily production-reliant White Zombie, and the popular breakthrough of Nine Inch Nails. These bands would become the most influential forces in shaping the sound and style of alternative metal for the rest of the '90s, along with Pantera, whose thick, molten riffs sounded like no other thrash-metal band.
  2. ^ a b c Henderson, Alex. "Rap-Metal". Allmusic. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
  3. ^ "Faith No More Album & Song Chart History". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media.
  4. ^ "Raging Sales Put Rage Atop Billboard 200". Billboard.com. 1999-11-11. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
  5. ^ "RIAA - Gold & Platinum: Searchable Database". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
  6. ^ a b c d "RIAA Certifications for albums by Kid Rock: Gold and Platinum". RIAA.com. Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved July 22, 2008.
  7. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Review of Licensed to Ill". Allmusic. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
  8. ^ Huey, Steve. "Review of Black Sunday". Allmusic. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
  9. ^ Keyes, Cheryl Lynette (2002). "Blending and Shaping Styles: Rap and Other Musical Voices". Rap Music and Street Consciousness. University of Illinois Press. p. 108. ISBN 0-252-07201-4, 9780252072017. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  10. ^ Ketchum III, William E. (October 15, 2008). "Mayor Esham? What?". Detroit, Michigan: Metro Times. Retrieved October 16, 2008. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  11. ^ "Biography of Run-D.M.C." Allmusic. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
  12. ^ "24-7 Spyz! Threw reggae, rap, metal and positive vibes into a blender, then drank in the musical mix". Rocky Mountain News. November 22, 1991. Retrieved January 8, 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  13. ^ "Faith No More has more faith than its record company bargained for". San Jose Mercury News. July 31, 1990. Retrieved January 8, 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  14. ^ http://www.thenationalstudent.com/Features/2013-06-03/Interview__Scott_Ian.html
  15. ^ Peterson, Thane (September 26, 2000). "How Corrosive Is Heavy Metal?". BusinessWeek. Retrieved January 8, 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  16. ^ Gold, Jonathan (October 21, 1991). "Anthrax, Public Enemy Fuse Rap, Metal". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 8, 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ "Mojo's Working — Rap-Rock Pioneers Are Back". Columbus Ledger-Enquirer. April 13, 2006. Retrieved December 9, 2008. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  18. ^ Barnes, Brad (April 19, 2006). "Rap-rock pioneers have their 'Mojo' workin'". Columbus Ledger-Enquirer. Retrieved December 9, 2008. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  19. ^ Allmusic review
  20. ^ Billboard - Google Livros. Books.google.com.br. Retrieved 2012-03-14.
  21. ^ a b Devenish, Colin (2000). Limp Bizkit. St. Martin's. pp. 95–113. ISBN 0-312-26349-X.
  22. ^ Reese, Lori (October 24, 2000). "Bizkit in Gravy | Music". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 29, 2010. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  23. ^ B. Reesman, "Sustaining the success", Billboard, June 23, 2001, 113 (25), p. 25.
  24. ^ Gill, John (March 10, 2000). "Cypress Hill Digs Up "Bones" With Rap And Rock". MTV News. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
  25. ^ Moss, Corey (April 23, 2002). "With Kush Record Done, B-Real Keepin' Real Busy". MTV News. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
  26. ^ a b Downey, Ryan J (November 27, 2002). "B-Real Finishing Up Kush LP, Going Grimmer For Next Cypress Hill Album". MTV News. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
  27. ^ "SX10 tocara hoy en el DanZoo" (in Spanish). Mexico City: La Jornada. May 24, 2003. Retrieved December 31, 2008. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  28. ^ "The Fundamental Elements of Southtown - P.O.D. : Awards". AllMusic. 1999-08-17. Retrieved 2013-01-01.
  29. ^ "Billboard 200 Albums - 2000 Year End Charts: 141 - 160 | Billboard". Retrieved 3 January 2013.
  30. ^ "Linkin Park - Hybrid Theory (staff review)". Sputnikmusic. 2006-09-02. Retrieved 2012-08-27.
  31. ^ Sanneh, Kelefa (March 31, 2002). "MUSIC; New Ideas From the Top of the Charts". New York Times.
  32. ^ "Complete List Of Grammy Nominees". CBS News. 2009-02-11. Retrieved 2012-08-27.
  33. ^ [1][dead link]
  34. ^ [2][dead link]
  35. ^ "Crazy Town - Chart History". Billboard.
  36. ^ MTV.com – Crazy Town Biography
  37. ^ a b The Gift of Game - Crazy Town | Awards - Allmusic
  38. ^ Melodic.net – Darkhorse review
  39. ^ 10/Jan/2002 Allbusiness.com – Billboard Bits: Crazy Town, Nelly, Ny Metropolis Fest
  40. ^ Jeckell, Barry A. (September 19, 2002). "Satellite is certified triple-platinum". Billboard. Retrieved December 31, 2007. The triple-platinum milestone was recently reached by hard rock act P.O.D.'s year-old "Satellite" (Atlantic) {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  41. ^ "P.O.D. Billboard Albums Chart". billboard.com.

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