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you originally had it as, rock, than funk, well funk rock excists aso i just blended the two together and made it funk rock
Line 9: Line 9:
| Type = single
| Type = single
| Recorded = [[October 1982]]
| Recorded = [[October 1982]]
| Genre = [[Rock music|Rock]], [[funk]]
| Genre = [[funk rock]]
| Length = 4:17
| Length = 4:17
| Label = [[Epic Records]]
| Label = [[Epic Records]]

Revision as of 21:49, 25 May 2011

This article is about the song. For the film, see Beat It (film).
"Beat It"
Song
B-side"Burn This Disco Out" (UK) / "Get on the Floor"

"Beat It" is a song written and performed by American recording artist Michael Jackson, and produced by Quincy Jones (with co-production by Jackson). It is the third single from the singer's sixth solo album, Thriller (1982). Dutch-American guitarist Eddie Van Halen was tapped to add the song's distinctive overdriven guitar solo, but was prevented by his record label from appearing in the music video. He did appear on stage with Jackson in Dallas during the Jackson brothers "Victory Tour." Following the successful chart performances of the Thriller singles "The Girl Is Mine" and "Billie Jean", "Beat It" was released on February 14, 1983 as the album's third single. The song was promoted with a short film that featured Jackson bringing two gangs together through the power of dance.

A commercial success, "Beat It" was awarded two Grammy Awards and two American Music Awards and was inducted into the Music Video Producers Hall of Fame. "Beat It" (along with the song's music video) propelled Thriller into becoming the best-selling album of all time. The single was certified platinum in 1989. Rolling Stone magazine placed "Beat It" in the 337th spot on its list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. "Beat It" was also ranked 81# in Rolling Stone's "100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time".[1]

In the decades since its release, "Beat It" has been covered, parodied, and sampled by numerous artists including Fergie, "Weird Al" Yankovic and Alvin and the Chipmunks. The song was also featured in the National Highway Safety Commission's anti-drunk driving campaign.

Production and music

"Beat It"
The lyrics of "Beat It" are about defeat and courage, and were written by Jackson for inclusion on his Thriller album.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

"Beat It" was written by Michael Jackson for his Thriller album. Producer Quincy Jones had wanted to include a rock 'n' roll song, though Jackson reportedly had never previously shown an interest in the genre.[2][3] Jackson later said of "Beat It", "I wanted to write a song, the type of song that I would buy if I were to buy a rock song... That is how I approached it and I wanted the children to really enjoy it—the school children as well as the college students."[4] Upon hearing the first recorded vocals, Jones stated that it was exactly what he was looking for.[2] Rock guitarist Eddie Van Halen, lead guitarist of hard rock band Van Halen, was then requested to add a guitar solo.[3][5]

When initially contacted by Jones, Van Halen thought he was receiving a prank call. Having established that the call was genuine, Van Halen recorded his guitar solo free of any charge. "I did it as a favor", the musician later said. "I was a complete fool, according to the rest of the band, our manager and everyone else. I was not used. I knew what I was doing - I don't do something unless I want to do it."[6] Van Halen recorded his contribution following Jones and Jackson arriving at the guitarist's house with a "skeleton version" of the song. Fellow guitarist Steve Lukather recalled, "Initially, we rocked it out as Eddie had played a good solo—but Quincy thought it was too tough. So I had to reduce the distorted guitar sound and that is what was released."[6] The song was among the last four completed for Thriller; the others were "Human Nature", "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)" and "The Lady in My Life".[6]

On the record, right before Van Halen's guitar solo begins, a noise is heard that sounds like somebody knocking at a door. It is reported that the knock was a person walking into Eddie's recording studio. Another story has claimed that the sound was simply the musician knocking on his own guitar.[7] The sound, however, is that of Jackson knocking on a drum case, as he is credited in the album's liner notes. The lyrics of "Beat It" are about defeat and courage, and have been described as a "sad commentary on human nature".[8] The line "don't be a macho man" is said to express Jackson's dislike of violence, whilst also referencing the childhood abuse he faced at the hands of his father Joseph.[9] The song is played in the key of E minor at a moderately fast tempo of 132 beats per minute.[10] In the song, Jackson's vocal range is B3 to D5.[10]

Drums on the song were played by Toto co-founder Jeff Porcaro.[11]

Release and reception

The uncredited guitarist who whipped out the fluttering, squealing solo on this ode to macho cowardice was Eddie Van Halen. The aerodynamic metal flight pumped crossover fuel that would boost the success of "Thriller" — a gimmick Jackson would flog later with spots from Slash and Carlos Santana. Without the Wills's precedent, there might have been no collaboration of Run-DMC and Aerosmith on the 1986 rap/rock version of "Walk This Way".

Greg Burk, South Coast Today.[12]

"Beat It" was released on February 14, 1983, following the successful chart performances of "The Girl Is Mine" and "Billie Jean". Frank Dileo, the vice president of Epic Records, convinced Jackson to release "Beat It" whilst "Billie Jean" was heading towards number one. Dileo, who would later become the singer's manager, predicted that both singles would remain in the Top 10 at the same time.[6] "Billie Jean" remained atop the Billboard Hot 100 for seven weeks, before being toppled by "Come On Eileen". The Dexys Midnight Runners' song stayed at number one for a single week, before Jackson reclaimed the position with "Beat It".[6][13]

"Billie Jean" and "Beat It" occupied Top 5 positions at the same time, a feat matched by very few artists. The single remained at the top of the Hot 100 for a total of three weeks.[6] The song also charted at number one on the US R&B singles chart and number 14 on the Billboard Top Tracks chart in the US.[14] "Beat It" also claimed the top spot in Spain and The Netherlands, reached number three in the UK, the Top 20 in Austria, Norway, Italy, Sweden and Switzerland, numbers 31 in Denmark and number 47 in France.[14][15]

In a Rolling Stone review, Christopher Connelly describes "Beat It" as the best song on Thriller, adding that it "ain't no disco AOR track". He notes of the "nifty dance song", "Jackson's voice soars all over the melody, Eddie Van Halen checks in with a blistering guitar solo, you could build a convention center on the backbeat".[16] Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that the song is both "tough" and "scared".[17] Robert Christgau claimed that the song, in which Eddie Van Halen "wends his night in the service of antimacho", is the "triumph and the thriller". Slant Magazine observed that the song was an "uncharacteristic dalliance with the rock idiom".[18] Stylus expressed amazement that Van Halen performed a rock guitar solo on a R&B record.[19] The track also won praise from Jackson biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli, who stated that the song was "rambunctious".[3]

"Beat It" has been recognized with several awards. At the 1984 Grammy Awards the song earned Jackson two of a record eight awards; Record of the Year and Best Rock Vocal Performance. The track won the Billboard Music Award for favorite dance/disco 12" LP in 1983.[14][20] The single was certified gold, a few months after its release, for shipments of at least one million units. In 1989, the standard format single was re-certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, based on the revised sales level of one million units for platinum singles.[21] The total number of digital sales in the US, as of September 2010, stands at 1,649,000.[22]

Music video

Jackson in the music video for "Beat It".

The music video for "Beat It" helped establish Jackson as an international pop icon.[23][24] The video was Jackson's first treatment of black youth and the streets. Both "Beat It" and "Thriller" are notable for their "mass choreography" of synchronized dancers, a Jackson trademark.[25]

The video was written and directed by Bob Giraldi, produced by Antony Payne and Mary M. Ensign through production company GASP! Productions, and choreographed by Michael Peters who also performed, alongside Vincent Paterson, as one of the two lead dancers. Despite some sources claiming otherwise, Jackson was not involved in creating the choreography.[26] Jackson asked Giraldi, at the time already an established commercial director but who had never directed a music video,[27] to come up with a concept for the "Beat It" video because he really liked a commercial Giraldi had directed for WLS-TV in Chicago about a married couple of two elderly blind people who instead of running from a run-down neighborhood all the other white people had fled from, chose to stay and throw a block party for all the young children in the area. Contrary to popular belief, the concept of the video was not based on the Broadway musical West Side Story; in reality Giraldi draw inspiration from his growing up in Paterson, New Jersey.[26]

The video, which cost Jackson $150,000 to create after CBS refused to finance it,[20][28] was filmed on Los Angeles' Skid Row—mainly on locations on East 5th Street)[29]—around March 9, 1983. To add authenticity to the production but also to foster peace between them, Jackson had the idea to cast members of rival Los Angeles street gangs Crips and Bloods.[26] In addition to around 80 genuine gang members,[28] the video which is noted for opening up many job opportunities for dancers in the US,[30] also featured 18 professional dancers and four breakdancers.[31] Besides Jackson, Peters and Vincent Paterson, the cast included Michael DeLorenzo, Stoney Jackson, Tracii Guns, Tony Fields, Peter Tramm, Rick Stone, and Cheryl Song.[24][32][33]

The video had its world premiere on MTV during prime time on March 31, 1983[34][35] though it should be noted that neither Beat It nor Billie Jean was, as is often claimed,[35][36] the first music video by an African-American artist to be played on MTV.[37] Soon after its premiere the video was also running on other video programs including BET's Video Soul, SuperStation WTBS's Night Tracks, and NBC's Friday Night Videos. In fact, Beat It was the first video shown on the latter's first ever telecast on July 29, 1983.[38]

The video opens with the news of a fight circulating at a diner. This scene repeats itself at a pool hall, where gang members arrive via foot, forklift, and out of sewers. The camera cuts to a scene of Jackson lying on a bed, contemplating the senseless violence. The singer leaves the room upon hearing the commotion caused by the rival gangs. Donning a red leather J. Parks brand jacket, Jackson dances his way through the diner and pool hall, towards the fight. Arriving at the scene, where a knife fight is taking place between the two gang leaders, the singer breaks up the fight and launches into a dance routine. The video ends with the gang members joining him in the dance, agreeing that violence is not the solution to their problems.[24]

The video received recognition through numerous awards. The American Music Awards named the short film their Favorite Pop/Rock Video and their Favorite Soul Video. The Black Gold Awards honored Jackson with the Best Video Performance award. The Billboard Video Awards recognised the video with 7 awards; Best Overall Video Clip, Best Performance by a Male Artist, Best Use of Video to Enhance a Song, Best Use of Video to Enhance an Artist's Image, Best Choreography, Best Overall Video and Best Dance/Disco 12". The short film was ranked by Rolling Stone as the number one video, in both their critic's and reader's poll. The video was later inducted into the Music Video Producer's Hall of Fame.[20]

Live performances

On July 4, 1984, Jackson performed "Beat It" live with his brothers during The Jacksons' Victory Tour. The brothers were joined on stage by Eddie Van Halen, who played the guitar in his solo spot.[20] The song became a signature song of Jackson; the singer performed it on all of his world tours; Bad, Dangerous and HIStory.[20][39] The October 1, 1992 Dangerous Tour performance of "Beat It" was included on the DVD of the singer's Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection box set. The DVD was later repackaged as Live in Bucharest: The Dangerous Tour.[20][39] Jackson also performed the song on the Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Special, a concert celebrating the musician's thirtieth year as a solo performer. The performance featured Slash as the song's guest guitarist.[39]

A highlight of Jackson's solo concert tour performances of the song is that would he would begin the song on a cherrypicker, (which he would also later use with Earth Song during the HIStory Tour.) "Beat It" is a song, along with Thriller, Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' and "Billie Jean", that Jackson had performed in all of his solo concert tours: Bad World Tour, Dangerous World Tour, and the HIStory World Tour. The song would've also been performed as part of the This Is It concerts which were cancelled due to Jackson's sudden death.

Legacy

Michael Jackson's "Beat It" has been cited as one of the most successful, recognized, awarded and celebrated songs in the history of pop music; both the song and video had a large impact on pop culture.[2] The song is said to be a "pioneer" in black rock music, and is considered one of the cornerstones of the Thriller album.[2] Eddie Van Halen has been praised for adding "the greatest guitar solo", aiding "Beat It" into becoming one of the biggest selling singles of all time.[2]

Shortly after its release, "Beat It" was included in the National Highway Safety Commission's anti-drunk driving campaign, "Drinking and Driving Can Kill a Friendship". The song was also included on the accompanying album. Jackson collected an award from President Ronald Reagan at the White House, in recognition for his support of the campaign.[20] Reagan stated that Jackson was "proof of what a person can accomplish through a lifestyle free of alcohol or drug abuse. People young and old respect that. And if Americans follow his example, then we can face up to the problem of drinking and driving, and we can, in Michael's words, 'Beat It'."[40]

Frequently listed in greatest song polling lists, "Beat It" was ranked as the world's fourth favorite song in a 2005 poll conducted by Sony Ericsson.[39] Over 700,000 people in 60 different countries cast their votes.[39] Voters from the UK placed "Billie Jean" at number one, ahead of "Thriller", with a further five of the top ten being solo recordings by Jackson.[39] Rolling Stone magazine placed "Beat It" in the 337th spot on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[41] The song was featured in the films Back to the Future Part II, Zoolander and Undercover Brother.[39] When re-released, as part of the Visionary campaign in 2006, "Beat It" charted at number 15 in the UK.[39] The song has been used in TV commercials for companies like Budweiser, eBay, Burger King, Delta Air Lines, Juicy Fruit Gum, Game Boy, Coldwell Banker, nPower, and the NFL. On the City Guys episode of season 3's "Face the Music", Jamal talks to Slick Billy West (Played by Sherman Hemsley) "Well Gone Michael Jackson and Beat It" which was in the final scene.

Track listing

  • 12" Maxi (Epic TA 3258)
  1. "Beat It" – 4:18
  2. "Burn This Disco Out" – 3:38
  3. "The Jacksons - Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough (Live Version)" – 4:22
  • 7" Single (Epic A 3184 02)
  1. "Beat It" – 4:18
  2. "Get On The Floor" – 4:44
  • Visionary Single

CD side:

  1. "Beat It" – 4:17
  2. "Beat It (Moby's Sub Mix)" – 6:11

DVD side:

  1. "Beat It (Music Video)" – 4:56

Official remixes

  1. Album Version – 4:18
  2. Extended Version – 5:41
  3. Moby's Sub Mix – 6:11
  4. Instrumental (Unreleased)

Personnel

  • Michael Jackson – Written, composed, co-production, rhythm and vocal arrangement
  • Quincy Jones – Production, rhythm arrangement.
  • Greg Smith – Synergy .[42]
  • Eddie Van Halen – Guitar Solo.

Charts and certifications

Preceded by Billboard Hot 100 number-one single
April 30, 1983 – May 20, 1983 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Billboard Hot Black Singles number-one single
May 21, 1983 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Canadian RPM number-one single
May 14, 1983 - May 28, 1983 		Succeeded by
Preceded by New Zealand RIANZ Singles Chart number-one single
20 May 1983 - 27 Jun 1983 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Dutch Top 40
7 May 1983 - 28 May 1983 		Succeeded by

Beat It 2008

"Beat It"
Song

For Thriller 25, The Black Eyed Peas singer will.i.am remixed "Beat It".[61] Entitled "Beat It 2008", the song featured additional vocals by will.i.am's fellow Black Eyed Peas member, Fergie.[62][63] Upon its release in 2008, the song reached number 26 in Switzerland, the Top 50 in Sweden and number 65 in Austria.[64] Following the reworking as Moby's Sub Mix, released on the Jam and Who Is It singles in 1992,[65] as well as the They Don't Care About Us single in 1996 (and rereleased as part of the Visionary campaign[66]), this was the second remixed version of "Beat It" to get an official release.

Reception

"Beat It 2008" received generally unfavorable reviews from music critics. Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone claimed that the song was a "contender for the year's most pointless musical moment".[67] About.com's Bill Lamb stated that Fergie's "sonically flattened" version of "Beat It" was "embarrassing".[68] Allmusic criticized Fergie for "parroting the lyrics of 'Beat It' back to a recorded Jackson".[69] Blender's Kelefa Sanneh also noted that the Black Eyed Peas singer traded lines with Jackson. "Why?", she queried.[70] Todd Gilchrist was thankful that the remix retained Eddie Van Halen's "incendiary guitar solo", but added that the song "holds the dubious honor of making Jackson seem masculine for once, and only in the context of Fergie's tough-by-way-of-Kids Incorporated interpretation of the tune".[71] Tom Ewing of Pitchfork Media observed that Fergie's "nervous reverence is a waste of time".[72]

Charts

Chart (2008) Peak
position
Austrian Singles Chart 65[64]
Swedish Singles Chart 21[73]
Swiss Singles Chart 26[74]
Chart (2009) Peak
position
Swedish Singles Chart 8[75]

Remix credits

  • Written and composed by Michael Jackson
  • Remix drums: will.i.am
  • Remix keyboards and synths: will.i.am
  • Remix engineered by will.i.am and Kerin
  • Remix produced and mixed by Michael Jackson and will.i.am
  • Remix recorded in November 2007

Fall Out Boy

"Beat It"
Song

Background, recording and release

In early 2008 it was announced that pop punk/pop rock band Fall Out Boy were to cover "Beat It" for their Live in Phoenix album,[76] after Pierce the Veil had covered it in 2007. The band had previously performed the song at venues such as Coors Amphitheatre[disambiguation needed] and festivals such as the Carling Weekend in Leeds.[77][78] Bassist Pete Wentz, who has claimed to have an obsession with Jackson, stated that prior to recording the song, he would only watch Moonwalker.[79] It was also announced that John Mayer was to add the guitar solo previously played by Eddie Van Halen.[80]

Patrick Stump stated that the band had not planned to cover the song. "Basically, I just started playing the riff in sound-check one day, and then we all started playing it, and then we started playing it live, and then we figured we'd record it and put it out with our live DVD."[81] Pete Wentz added that the band had not originally intended for the song to be released as a single either.[81] "'Beat It' seemed like a song that would be cool and that we could do our own take on", he said.[79] Having spent time deciding on a guitarist for the song, Wentz eventually called John Mayer to add the guitar solo. "We were trying to think about who is a contemporary guitar guy who's going to go down as a legend", Wentz later noted.[81]

Upon its digital release as a single in April 2008, Fall Out Boy's cover of "Beat It" became a mainstay on iTunes' Top 10 chart.[82] The song charted at number 13 in Australia and 14 in New Zealand. The cover reached number 75 in Austria and peaked at 98 in the Netherlands.[83] The Times claimed that the cover was "pointless".[84]

Music video

The music video for Fall Out Boy's "Beat It" was directed by Shane Drake, and was made in homage to Jackson. "I think when you're doing a Michael Jackson cover, there's this expectation that you're going to do one of his videos verbatim", Stump said. "What we decided to do was kind of inspired by Michael Jackson and the mythology of him. There are specific images that are reference points for us, but at any given point, it's not any of his videos. It's kind of all of his videos, all at once, but on a Fall Out Boy budget, so it's not quite as fancy".[85] The costumes for the video were similar to the originals. "My costume is this take on one of the guys from Michael Jackson's original 'Beat It' video, like, the guy who plays the rival dancer", Wentz said during the filming of the video.[85] The music video featured numerous cameos, including a karate class/dance session being taught by Tony Hale, Donald Faison and Joel David Moore dressed up like Michael Jackson.[85] The short film later received a MTV Video Music Award nomination for Best Rock Video.[86]

Charts

Chart Peak
position
Australian Singles Chart 13[83]
Austrian Singles Chart 75[87]
Dutch Singles Chart 98[88]
New Zealand Singles Chart 14[89]
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 19[90]
U.S. Billboard Pop 100 21[90]

Cover and sample versions

Notes

  1. ^ Rolling Stone - The 100 Greatest Guitars Songs of All Time
    "There had never been a soul hit with as much heavy guitar as this or a heavy-metal hit with as much soul. Paul Jackson Jr. and Steve Lukather play the menacing riff, but Eddie Van Halen's speed-shred solo is the coup de grâce. Van Halen says producer Quincy Jones' only advice was 'go be yourself'."
  2. ^ a b c d e Thriller 25: The Book, p. 41
  3. ^ a b c Taraborrelli, pp. 224–225
  4. ^ Johnson, Robert E. (May, 1984). Michael Jackson, the World's Greatest Entertainer. Ebony. Retrieved March 27, 2009. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ Sheilds, Gerard (April 22, 1983). "Motown going strong into the '80s". The Daily Collegian. Retrieved March 25, 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  6. ^ a b c d e f Cadman/Halstead (2007), pp. 27–28
  7. ^ Day, Patrick (February 12, 2008). "25 'Thriller' facts". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved March 25, 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ Dean, p. 463
  9. ^ Whiteley, p. 35
  10. ^ a b "Beat It - Michael Jackson Digital Sheet Music (Digital Download)". MusicNotes.com. Alfred Publishing Co. Inc. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  11. ^ https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p112306
  12. ^ Powers, Ann (February 15, 2008). "Nine reasons why Jackson masterpiece remains a 'Thriller'". South Coast Today. Retrieved March 25, 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  13. ^ Baldwin, Kristen (April 30, 1999). "V for television victory". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 26, 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  14. ^ a b c d e George, p. 39
  15. ^ a b "Austrian Singles Chart Archives". austriancharts.at. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  16. ^ Connelly, Christopher (January 28, 1983). "Rolling Stone's 'Thriller' review". Rolling Stone. Retrieved March 26, 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Allmusic's 'Thriller' review". Allmusic. Retrieved March 26, 2009. [dead link]
  18. ^ Henderson, Eric (2003). "Slant's 'Thriller' review". Slant Magazine. Retrieved March 26, 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  19. ^ Rosenburg, Tal (June 19, 2007). "Stylus' 'Thriller' review". Stylus. Retrieved March 26, 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  20. ^ a b c d e f g Cadman/Halstead (2007), p. 29
  21. ^ "RIAA database". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved February 24, 2009.
  22. ^ Chart Watch Extra: Songs From The Last Century - Chart Watch
  23. ^ Campbell (1993), p. 60
  24. ^ a b c Austen, p. 264
  25. ^ Weitner, Sean. "Michael Jackson: A Life in Film". Flak Magazine. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  26. ^ a b c Ritchie, Kevin (July 7, 2009). "Q&A: Bob Giraldi on directing "Beat It"". Boards. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  27. ^ Foti, Laura (March 26, 1983). "Music Monitor". Billboard. 95 (13): 30.
  28. ^ a b Reed, J.D. (July 18, 1983). "New Rock on a Red-Hot Roll". Time. 122 (3). Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  29. ^ Blake, Lindsay (March 26, 2010). "The (Probable) Warehouse from Michael Jackson's "Beat It" Video". iamnotastalker. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  30. ^ Farley, Ellen (September 2, 1983). "Cable service triggers boom in marketing for music videos". St. Petersburg Times. pp. 1D & 5D, here 5D. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  31. ^ Halstead/Cadman (2003), p. 41
  32. ^ Crawford, Allyson B. (June 26, 2009). "Tracii Guns Danced with Jackson, Recalls Concert Memory". NoiseCreep. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  33. ^ "Tony Fields". The Solid Gold Dance Connection. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  34. ^ Willman, Chris (July 28, 1991). "Traveling Along the MTV Time Line ..." Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  35. ^ a b Stuever, Hank (August 1, 2006). "MTV's Highlight History". The Washington Post. Associated Press. p. C01. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  36. ^ Reesman, Bryan (September 2, 2006). "Rewinding 25 Years of MTV History". Billboard. 118 (35): 36–54, here 38.
  37. ^ Denisoff, p. 106
  38. ^ Denisoff, p. 142
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Cadman/Halstead (2007), p. 30
  40. ^ ""Remarks at a White House Ceremony Marking Progress Made in the Campaign Against Drunk Driving. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. Retrieved on February 3, 2009
  41. ^ "The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Jackson, Michael. Thriller booklet. Sony BMG.
  43. ^ a b "Danish Singles Chart Archives". danishcharts.com. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  44. ^ "Dutch Singles Chart Archives". dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  45. ^ "French Singles Chart Archives". lescharts.com. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  46. ^ "Italian Singles Chart Archives". italiancharts.com. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  47. ^ a b "New Zealand Singles Chart Archives". charts.org.nz. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
  48. ^ "Norwegian Singles Chart Archives". norwegiancharts.com. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  49. ^ "Spanish Singles Chart Archives". spanishcharts.com. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  50. ^ a b "Michael Jackson - Beat It". SwedishCharts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved 2010-03-03.
  51. ^ a b "Swiss Singles Chart Archives". hitparade.ch. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
  52. ^ "UK Singles Chart Archives". chartstats.com. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  53. ^ "Michael Jackson - Beat It". SwedishCharts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved 2010-03-03.
  54. ^ Top 100 Music Hits, Top 100 Music Charts, Top 100 Songs & The Hot 100 | Billboard.com
  55. ^ "Suomen virallinen lista". Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  56. ^ "Download Single Top 50 France - 11/07/2009". Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  57. ^ "Beat It - Michael Jackson". Lista.vg.no. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  58. ^ "Billboard Türkiye Top 20". Billboard Türkiye (in Turkish). July 6, 2009. Archived from the original on July 31, 2008. Retrieved 2009-07-06.
  59. ^ "Top 40 Downloads Archive:: Week 28 : 05/07/2009 - 11/07/2009". TheOfficalCharts.com. The Official Charts Company. Retrieved 2010-01-27. [dead link]
  60. ^ "Digital Songs: Week of July 11, 2009". Billboard.com. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved 2010-01-27.
  61. ^ "Fergie joins Michael Jackson's Thriller". MTV. (December 21, 2009). {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  62. ^ "Still a Thriller". The Times. (February 2, 2008). Retrieved March 28, 2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  63. ^ "Michael Jackson's Thriller 25 is Rocking the Planet!". PR Newswire. (February 6, 2008). Retrieved March 28, 2009. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  64. ^ a b "Beat It 2008 - Austrian Singles Chart Archives". austriancharts.at. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  65. ^ Jam CD cover, Sony Music, 1992
  66. ^ Beat It DVD cover, Sony Music, 2006
  67. ^ Sheffield, Rob (February 21, 2008). "Thriller 25 Deluxe Edition review". Rolling Stone. Retrieved March 10, 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  68. ^ Lamb, Bill. "About.com's Thriller 25 review". About.com. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
  69. ^ Erlewine, Stephen. "Thriller 25th Anniversary Expanded Edition". Allmusic. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
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References

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