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[[Image:Farmer682.jpg|thumb|Farmer Jack store in [[Taylor, Michigan]]]]
[[Image:Farmer682.jpg|thumb|Farmer Jack store in [[Taylor, Michigan]]]]


'''Farmer Jack''' was a [[supermarket]] chain based in [[Detroit, Michigan]]. At its peak, it operated more than 100 stores, primarily in southeastern Michigan. In its final years, the chain operated as a subsidiary of the New Jersey-based A&P ([[The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company]]) Corporation. A&P closed the Farmer Jack chain on July 7, 2007.
'''Farmer Jack''' was a [[supermarket]] chain based in [[Detroit, Michigan]]. At its peak, it operated more than 100 stores, primarily in metro Detroit. In its final years, the chain operated as a subsidiary of the New Jersey-based A&P ([[The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company]]) Corporation. A&P closed the Farmer Jack chain on July 7, 2007.


Farmer Jack stores were typically in suburban neighborhoods, usually anchoring strip malls. In addition to offering groceries, each store operated full-service produce, floral, delicatessen, [[bakery]], pharmacy, meat, and seafood departments. Many stores also featured a bank.
Farmer Jack stores were typically in suburban neighborhoods, usually anchoring strip malls. In addition to offering groceries, each store operated full-service produce, floral, delicatessen, [[bakery]], pharmacy, meat, and seafood departments. Many stores also featured a bank.
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By 1972, Detroit became a major zone of grocery store competition, with six chains competing in the region, including [[Chatham (grocer)|Chatham]] and Great Scott! In a speech, Paul Borman claimed [[The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company|A&P]]'s move to discount-type stores had nearly destroyed the supermarket industry.
By 1972, Detroit became a major zone of grocery store competition, with six chains competing in the region, including [[Chatham (grocer)|Chatham]] and Great Scott! In a speech, Paul Borman claimed [[The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company|A&P]]'s move to discount-type stores had nearly destroyed the supermarket industry.


In 1987, Borman's was flush with cash, taking advantage of [[Safeway Inc.|Safeway]]'s troubles as an opportunity to diversify its store base beyond Michigan when it bought that chain's 60-store [[Salt Lake City]] division. Those stores were throughout [[Utah]], southern [[Idaho]], and in adjacent towns in [[Nevada]] and [[Wyoming]]. The Safeway stores were renamed ''Farmer Jack''; the company planned to remodel and update them, as Safeway had not invested much in the division. The expansion was short-lived and by the end of 1988, Farmer Jack sold the 60-store division to various retailers including 29 stores to [[Boise, Idaho]]-based retailer [[Albertsons (SuperValu)|Albertsons]].
In 1987, Borman's was flush with cash, and took advantage of [[Safeway Inc.|Safeway]]'s troubles as an opportunity to diversify its store base beyond Michigan when it bought that chain's 60-store [[Salt Lake City]] division. Those stores were throughout [[Utah]], southern [[Idaho]], and in adjacent towns in [[Nevada]] and [[Wyoming]]. The Safeway stores were renamed ''Farmer Jack''; the company planned to remodel and update them, as Safeway had not invested much in the division. The expansion was short-lived and by the end of 1988, Farmer Jack sold the 60-store division to various retailers including 29 stores to [[Boise, Idaho]]-based retailer [[Albertsons (SuperValu)|Albertsons]].


Later in 1987, a lengthy strike by Detroit-area clerks and cashiers, who were not supported by meat cutters or [[Teamsters]], depleted Borman's cash reserve. Borman's eventually bought-out 800 workers, paying $12.9 million. The 1987 strike started a period of losses that would eventually prompt the sale to A&P. During a decade of [[merger mania]] in the supermarket business, A&P paid $76 million for 79 Farmer Jack stores operated by Borman's. The buyout made A&P the top player among grocery stores in southeastern Michigan, with a 36% share. By 1994, nearly all A&P stores in [[metro Detroit]] had been converted to Farmer Jack stores.
Later in 1987, a lengthy strike by Detroit-area clerks and cashiers, who were not supported by meat cutters or [[Teamsters]], depleted Borman's cash reserve. Borman's eventually bought-out 800 workers, paying $12.9 million. The 1987 strike started a period of losses that would eventually prompt the sale to A&P.


In 1989, beginning a decade of [[merger mania]] in the supermarket business, A&P paid $76 million for 79 Farmer Jack stores operated by Borman's. The buyout made A&P the top player among grocery stores in southeastern Michigan, with a 36% share. By 1994, all A&P stores in [[metro Detroit]] had been converted to Farmer Jack stores.
⚫
In the mid-1990s, A&P rebranded select stores within the East (mostly in Virginia and South Carolina) to the Farmer Jack banner; while they shared the same name, these stores were not controlled by the Detroit-based division<ref>{{cite web|last=PATTERSON|first=PHILANA|title=Grocer To Convert To Upscale Format|url=http://articles.dailypress.com/1996-03-30/business/9603290345_1_food-lion-fresh-super|work=Daily Press|accessdate=20 March 2014}}</ref>. These stores were were closed or sold to [[Food Lion]] in 1999.<ref name=lion>{{cite news| title=Food Lion Acquiring Farmer Jack Stores| url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=VP&p_theme=vp&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAFFC40D4EAF8D4&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM| date=26 February 1999| work=The Virginian-Pilot| location=Norfolk, Virginia| publisher=NewsBank| accessdate=2013-12-17}}</ref>


⚫
In the mid-1990s, A&P rebranded select stores within the East (mostly in Virginia and South Carolina) to the Farmer Jack banner; while they shared the same name, these stores were not controlled by the Midwest division<ref>{{cite web|last=PATTERSON|first=PHILANA|title=Grocer To Convert To Upscale Format|url=http://articles.dailypress.com/1996-03-30/business/9603290345_1_food-lion-fresh-super|work=Daily Press|accessdate=20 March 2014}}</ref>. These stores were were closed or sold by 1999.<ref name=lion>{{cite news| title=Food Lion Acquiring Farmer Jack Stores| url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=VP&p_theme=vp&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAFFC40D4EAF8D4&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM| date=26 February 1999| work=The Virginian-Pilot| location=Norfolk, Virginia| publisher=NewsBank| accessdate=2013-12-17}}</ref>
==Restructuring==


In September 2003, the last new build Farmer Jack opened in Milford, MI.<ref>{{cite news|title=Industry Report|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=23 Sep 2003|page=D2}}</ref>
After initial merger pains, Farmer Jack rose to prosperity, becoming A&P's most profitable division. However, by the early 2000s, Farmer Jack struggled to compete with newer, larger stores; less-senior, lower-cost labor; and more tech-savvy, efficient operations offered by rivals [[Meijer]] and [[Kroger]]. Rather than investing significant capital into upgrading existing stores, A&P focused on expanding the chain beyond Southeast Michigan, entering Toledo, Flint, Saginaw, and Lansing markets. Meijer was engaged in an aggressive price-cutting campaign to fend off [[K-Mart]]'s aggressive Super Center expansion, as well as [[Walmart]]'s proposed entry of Supercenter stores. Farmer Jack found it necessary to reduce prices to compete.


==Decline and Demise==
Farmer Jack's Detroit-area stores experienced significant drops in revenue due to the price cuts, as well as consumer flight. Rather than adding revenue, the chain's expansion proved to be a major financial drain. Farmer Jack was losing a significant amount of money and was then hit by an accounting scandal.
After initial merger pains, Farmer Jack rose to prosperity, becoming A&P’s most profitable division through the 1990s. But in 2002, the chain began losing money. Former executives attributed this to several reasons:<ref>{{cite news|last=Dixon|first=Jennifer|title=FARMER JACK IN A TAILSPIN|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=14 Feb 2003|page=A1}}</ref>
* The decision to expand the chain beyond metro Detroit; stores in the Toledo, Flint, Saginaw and Lansing markets were unsuccessful and proved to be a major financial drain.
* The lack of capital improvements within its existing stores. In 2001, Kroger committed to a five-year, $345M initiative to remodel or replace its existing metro Detroit stores. In 2002-2003, Farmer Jack planned to spend just $50M. Analysts blamed the discrepancy on A&P’s financial woes and its need to conserve cash.
* A delayed response to the price war launched between Meijer, Kroger and Super K-Mart.
* The discontinuation of awarding [[Northwest Airlines]] mileage for purchases in late 2001, which alienated many of its affluent consumers.
* The decision to cut costs by laying off most local executive management, merchandising operations, accounting, advertising and marketing positions, consolidating them from A&P's Montvale, NJ headquarters instead. "You really, truly need someone in the organization who knows the market, who knows the customer, [but there was] nobody left," a former executive told the [[Detroit Free Press]]. While this was blamed on an accounting scandal that affected the chain, it was largely done for cost cutting purposes.
At the end of 2001, Market Scope projected that Farmer Jack lead metro Detroit in market share with 27.5%, but less than a year later its market share began free falling whereas Meijer’s climbed from 10.7% to 16.1%.


In 2003, Farmer Jack announced its first round of store closures and that it would seek voluntary buyouts among its most senior employees <ref>{{cite news|last=Dixon|first=Jennifer|title=Farmer Jack Drops 4 Stores|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=28 Mar 2003|page=C1}}</ref>. In June, in a move made by the company to ‘get its consumer base back,’ but attributed by the media as a marketing gimmick, each store was closed for 37 hours so that they could be thoroughly cleaned; when the stores reopened, employees debuted with new uniforms and the loyalty card & weekly sales were discontinued in favor of everyday low pricing. Additionally, a new marketing program titled “We’re Thinking Fresh” promoting ‘it’s fresh or it’s free - guaranteed’ was launched <ref>{{cite news|last=Dixon|first=Jennifer|title=Farmer Jack Fights Back|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=12 June 2003|page=A1}}</ref>. An analysis by the ''Detroit Free Press'' among a basket of commonly purchased items concluded that Farmer Jack's price had indeed went from most expensive to least expensive among its peers; however, the paper also noted that "in spite of the surface shine, some areas of the store needed a scrubbing. The coolers looked old, a frozen food area had bent and crooked shelves, and some inner cooler door frames were dusty and dotted with bits of paper." The paper speculated that competitors would match Farmer Jack's prices and that it would be stuck with the same problem it bad before the makeover <ref>{{cite news|last=Dixon|first=Jennifer|title=New Prices at Farmer Jack Undercuts Rivals|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=21 June 2003|page=A1}}</ref>.
In 2002, the chain reorganized, closed stores, and cut staffing. Farmer Jack attempted to improve its image by advertising clean stores and guaranteed fresh food. It converted a number of older stores to A&P's [[Food Basics USA|Food Basics]] format in an attempt to compete with extremely low priced chains such as [[Save-A-Lot]].<ref name=progressive>{{cite news| title=A&P Reopening 10 Detroit Farmer Jacks as Food Basics Stores| url=http://www.progressivegrocer.com/top-story-a_amp_p_reopening_10_detroit_farmer_jacks_as_food_basics_stores-7916.html| date=13 January 2004| work=Progressive Grocer| accessdate=2013-12-17}}</ref> Unfortunately, the efforts proved too little and by 2005, A&P began to seek buyers for the division. A&P reached an agreement to sell most of the chain to [[Spartan Stores]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.aptea.com/pr_051005a.asp |title=The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company / Press Room |publisher=Aptea.com |date= |accessdate=2010-05-01}}{{dead link|date=December 2013}}</ref> However, Spartan canceled the deal and, combined with a wage concession from its unionized workers, A&P decided not to sell Farmer Jack, but rather return it to profitability.<ref name=savings>{{cite press release |title=Farmer Jack Supermarkets Re-launches 'Savings Time' Value Campaign As Company Returns Cost-Cutting Savings To Consumers |publisher=Farmer Jack Supermarkets |date=5 May 2006 |url=http://costkiller.net/actu/News-Farmer-Jack-Supermarkets-Re-launches-Savings-Time-Value-Campaign-As-Company-Returns-Cost-Cutting-Savings-To-Consumers.0605.htm| accessdate=2013-12-17}}</ref>
In early 2004, ten Farmer Jack locations were converted into A&P's [[Food Basics USA|Food Basics]] format in an attempt to compete with discount chains such as [[Save-A-Lot]]<ref name=progressive>{{cite news| title=A&P Reopening 10 Detroit Farmer Jacks as Food Basics Stores| url=http://www.progressivegrocer.com/top-story-a_amp_p_reopening_10_detroit_farmer_jacks_as_food_basics_stores-7916.html| date=13 January 2004| work=Progressive Grocer| accessdate=2013-12-17}}</ref>. Less than a year later, nine were closed while the other -- a new-build store in Dearborn Heights -- was converted into a Farmer Jack. Simultaneously, the closure of 15 Farmer Jacks was announced<ref>{{cite news|last=Guest|first=Gretta|title=As Grocer Fades, New Owners Take Gamble|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=27 May 2005|page=C1}}</ref>; four more closures were announced later in the year<ref>{{cite news|last=Guest|first=Gretta|title=Farmer Jack Union Fears More Closures|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=01 Sep 2005|page=C1}}</ref> .


In early 2005, A&P placed Farmer Jack for sale, seeking an estimated $250M for 71 core stores; the remaining locations were offered individually <ref>{{cite news|last=Gopwani|first=Jewl|title=A&P To Sell Farmer Jack|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=11 May 2005|page=C1}}</ref>. Later that year, workers approved wage cuts conditional on a sale to [[Spartan Stores]] guaranteeing at least 56 stores would be kept open. Spartan Stores was lead by several former Farmer Jack executives, including its CEO Dennis Edison, who also lead Farmer Jack until his dismissal by A&P in 2002. But the deal with Spartan Stores fell through. Workers then approved a similar package of cuts in exchange for A&P guaranteeing to keep the stores open through May 2007. A&P, which was unable to find a buyer for Farmer Jack, said it would break even for the year and therefore A&P -- which had just received nearly a $1B cash injection from the sale of its Canadian division -- was in no hurry to sell it. A&P also admitted that because it had anticipated a quick sale, Farmer Jack had been poorly managed for over a year; therefore, the company was returning to loyalty cards and "It's Savings Time" marketing<ref>{{cite news|last=Guest|first=Gretta|title=A&P Says It's In No Hurry To Sell Farmer Jack|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=19 Oct 2005|page=C1}}</ref>.
By late 2006, A&P reported that Farmer Jack was breaking-even and, in some periods, recording a small profit.

By April 2006, Farmer Jack was once again profitable <ref>{{cite news|last=Guest|first=Gretta|title=FARMER JACK IS TRIMMING STORE PRICES: WAGE CUTS MAKE BIG GROCER PROFITABLE AGAIN|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=05 May 2006|page=E1}}</ref>.

In August 2006, Farmer Jack announced it'd convert three stores into a prototype mixed discount-upscale market featuring warehouse-type shelving, fewer product offerings and higher stacking in the produce department while featuring lower prices. Plans were scrapped by October, with A&P then-CEO Eric Claus saying "we're not pleased with our lack of sales momentum in Michigan"<ref>{{cite news|last=Guest|first=Gretta|title=FARMER JACK DELAYS SHOPS THAT MIX UPSCALE, DISCOUNT|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=28 Oct 2006|page=A12}}</ref>.

In March 2007, A&P announced it'd sell or close Farmer Jack by July<ref>{{cite news|last=Bauza|first=Margarita|title=GROCER'S FUTURE UNCERTAIN|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=9 April 2007|page=A8}}</ref> . In May, its distribution warehouses closed<ref>{{cite news|last=Bauza|first=Margarita|title=FARMER JACK TO CLOSE ALL ITS WAREHOUSES IN METRO DETROIT|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=9 May 2007|page=E2}}</ref> . The remaining Farmer Jacks were closed on July 7. "For all practical purposes, those stores were closed anyway," Supermarket analyst David Livingston told the ''Detroit News''. "Farmer Jack was doing such a low volume. The existing stores were barely even doing that -- existing." "Farmer Jack was stuck in the past in terms of quality, merchandising and pricing," said Ken Dalto, a Farmington Hills-based retail consultant. "A&P never gave its Michigan stores the type of attention they needed to do well. Customers noticed they didn't move beyond 20 years ago."<ref>{{cite news|last=Youssef|first=Jennifer|title=Kroger in, Farmer Jack out|url=http://www.kendalto.com/KrogerinFarmerJackoutJuly72007.htm|accessdate=21 March 2014|newspaper=The Detroit News|date=7 July 2007}}</ref>


==Liquidation==
{{Ref improve section|date=June 2009}}
[[Image:101Farmerjack.jpg|thumb|A Farmer Jack store with a liquidation sign displayed]]
[[Image:101Farmerjack.jpg|thumb|A Farmer Jack store with a liquidation sign displayed]]
In April 2007, A&P announced its decision to focus on its core Northeast division; Farmer Jack was one of the chains put on the market.<ref name=springer>{{cite news| title=A&P Exits New Orleans to Focus on Northeast| url=http://supermarketnews.com/retail-amp-financial/ap-exits-new-orleans-focus-northeast| date=4 June 2007| last=Springer| first=Jon| work=Supermarket News| accessdate=2013-12-17}}</ref> In June, A&P announced that Farmer Jack would cease operation as of July 7, 2007 and stores that were not sold closed on that date.<ref name=fresh>{{Cite web| title=US: Kroger to buy 20 Farmer Jack stores |url=http://www.freshplaza.com/article/3355/US-Kroger-to-buy-20-Farmer-Jack-stores#SlideFrame_1| date=21 June 2007| publisher=FreshPlaza.com| accessdate=2013-12-17}}</ref>


[[Kroger]] acquired 20 former Farmer Jack's stores while independent grocers collectively bought 21. In an October 2007 SEC filing A&P revealed that it received approximately $110&nbsp;million for 41 former Farmer Jack sites, and that 2 warehouses and 25 stores remained for sale.<ref name=sec>{{cite web| url=http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/43300/000004330007000055/0000043300-07-000055.txt| title=Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets: The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, Inc.| publisher=[[ U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]| date=22 october 2007| accessdate=2013-12-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.aptea.com/real_estate_search.asp?action=search&state=MI&property=5 |title=The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company / Real Estate |publisher=Aptea.com |date= |accessdate=2010-05-01}}{{dead link|date=December 2013}}</ref>
Of the remaining 66 Farmer Jacks, it was announced that 20 were sold to Kroger, 10 to smaller local chains and 15 to independent grocers<ref>{{cite news|last=Youssef|first=Jennifer|title=Kroger in, Farmer Jack out|url=http://www.kendalto.com/KrogerinFarmerJackoutJuly72007.htm|accessdate=21 March 2014|newspaper=Detroit News|date=7 July 2007}}</ref> . However, some of the deals with the independent grocers collapsed. In an October 2007 SEC filing A&P revealed that it received approximately $110&nbsp;million for 41 former Farmer Jack sites, and that 2 warehouses and 25 stores remained for sale.<ref name=sec>{{cite web| url=http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/43300/000004330007000055/0000043300-07-000055.txt| title=Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets: The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, Inc.| publisher=[[ U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]| date=22 october 2007| accessdate=2013-12-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.aptea.com/real_estate_search.asp?action=search&state=MI&property=5 |title=The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company / Real Estate |publisher=Aptea.com |date= |accessdate=2010-05-01}}{{dead link|date=December 2013}}</ref>


In June 2010, A&P ended lease payments at vacant Farmer Jack stores; affected property owners responded with 24 lawsuits against A&P.<ref name=duggan>{{cite news| url=http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20101003/SUB01/101009980/a-p-stops-rent-on-farmer-jack-spaces-24-lawsuits-filed-owners-in-default| title=A&P stops rent on Farmer Jack spaces: 24 lawsuits filed; owners in default| work=[[Crain Communications|Crain's Detroit Business]]| date=3 October 2010| last=Duggan| first=Daniel| accessdate=2013-12-17}}</ref> In December 2010, A&P filed for bankruptcy citing dark leases from discontinued operations like Farmer Jack as a factor in its decision.<ref name=daniel>{{cite news| url=http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20101213/FREE/101219964/a-p-wants-to-terminate-21-retail-leases-in-metro-detroit-bankruptcy-filing-shows| title=A&P wants to terminate 21 retail leases in metro Detroit, bankruptcy filing shows| work=Crain's Detroit Business| date=13 December 2010| last=Duggan| first=Daniel| accessdate=2013-12-17}}</ref>
In June 2010, A&P ended lease payments at vacant Farmer Jack stores; affected property owners responded with 24 lawsuits against A&P.<ref name=duggan>{{cite news| url=http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20101003/SUB01/101009980/a-p-stops-rent-on-farmer-jack-spaces-24-lawsuits-filed-owners-in-default| title=A&P stops rent on Farmer Jack spaces: 24 lawsuits filed; owners in default| work=[[Crain Communications|Crain's Detroit Business]]| date=3 October 2010| last=Duggan| first=Daniel| accessdate=2013-12-17}}</ref> In December 2010, A&P filed for bankruptcy citing dark leases from discontinued operations like Farmer Jack as a factor in its decision.<ref name=daniel>{{cite news| url=http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20101213/FREE/101219964/a-p-wants-to-terminate-21-retail-leases-in-metro-detroit-bankruptcy-filing-shows| title=A&P wants to terminate 21 retail leases in metro Detroit, bankruptcy filing shows| work=Crain's Detroit Business| date=13 December 2010| last=Duggan| first=Daniel| accessdate=2013-12-17}}</ref>

Revision as of 04:53, 21 March 2014

Farmer Jack
Company typeSupermarket
IndustryRetail
Founded1924
DefunctJuly 7, 2007
FateAcquisition by A&P, then liquidation
HeadquartersDetroit, Michigan
ProductsGroceries
ParentThe Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company (1987-2007)
Farmer Jack store in Taylor, Michigan

Farmer Jack was a supermarket chain based in Detroit, Michigan. At its peak, it operated more than 100 stores, primarily in metro Detroit. In its final years, the chain operated as a subsidiary of the New Jersey-based A&P (The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company) Corporation. A&P closed the Farmer Jack chain on July 7, 2007.

Farmer Jack stores were typically in suburban neighborhoods, usually anchoring strip malls. In addition to offering groceries, each store operated full-service produce, floral, delicatessen, bakery, pharmacy, meat, and seafood departments. Many stores also featured a bank.

History

Farmer Jack's beginnings were in 1924, when Jewish-Russian immigrants Tom Borman and Sam Burlak opened a neighborhood grocery store, Tom's Quality Meats, at 12th and Forest in Detroit. In 1927, his brother Abraham "Al" Borman opened a store on Kercheval on the city's east side. The brothers eventually formed a partnership, which ended in 1945, with Tom developing Lucky Stores, and Al developing Food Fair markets. In 1955, the two operations merged into Food Fair, operating under the corporate entity Borman Food Stores Inc. Four years later, the renamed Borman's Inc., sold more than 400,000 shares of stock, with the brothers retaining control. Proceeds from the stock sale fueled a buying binge: Borman's bought State Super Markets of Ferndale; American Stores Inc., acquired nine Lipson-Gourwitz Co. markets in Detroit, planning an expansion to 46 stores.

In 1966, Borman announced the opening of three suburban shopping centers that would contain gas stations, car washes, garden supply stores, Yankee discount stores, and food stores, operating under the new moniker of Farmer Jack.

By 1972, Detroit became a major zone of grocery store competition, with six chains competing in the region, including Chatham and Great Scott! In a speech, Paul Borman claimed A&P's move to discount-type stores had nearly destroyed the supermarket industry.

In 1987, Borman's was flush with cash, and took advantage of Safeway's troubles as an opportunity to diversify its store base beyond Michigan when it bought that chain's 60-store Salt Lake City division. Those stores were throughout Utah, southern Idaho, and in adjacent towns in Nevada and Wyoming. The Safeway stores were renamed Farmer Jack; the company planned to remodel and update them, as Safeway had not invested much in the division. The expansion was short-lived and by the end of 1988, Farmer Jack sold the 60-store division to various retailers including 29 stores to Boise, Idaho-based retailer Albertsons.

Later in 1987, a lengthy strike by Detroit-area clerks and cashiers, who were not supported by meat cutters or Teamsters, depleted Borman's cash reserve. Borman's eventually bought-out 800 workers, paying $12.9 million. The 1987 strike started a period of losses that would eventually prompt the sale to A&P.

In 1989, beginning a decade of merger mania in the supermarket business, A&P paid $76 million for 79 Farmer Jack stores operated by Borman's. The buyout made A&P the top player among grocery stores in southeastern Michigan, with a 36% share. By 1994, all A&P stores in metro Detroit had been converted to Farmer Jack stores.

In the mid-1990s, A&P rebranded select stores within the East (mostly in Virginia and South Carolina) to the Farmer Jack banner; while they shared the same name, these stores were not controlled by the Midwest division[1]. These stores were were closed or sold by 1999.[2]

In September 2003, the last new build Farmer Jack opened in Milford, MI.[3]

Decline and Demise

After initial merger pains, Farmer Jack rose to prosperity, becoming A&P’s most profitable division through the 1990s. But in 2002, the chain began losing money. Former executives attributed this to several reasons:[4]

  • The decision to expand the chain beyond metro Detroit; stores in the Toledo, Flint, Saginaw and Lansing markets were unsuccessful and proved to be a major financial drain.
  • The lack of capital improvements within its existing stores. In 2001, Kroger committed to a five-year, $345M initiative to remodel or replace its existing metro Detroit stores. In 2002-2003, Farmer Jack planned to spend just $50M. Analysts blamed the discrepancy on A&P’s financial woes and its need to conserve cash.
  • A delayed response to the price war launched between Meijer, Kroger and Super K-Mart.
  • The discontinuation of awarding Northwest Airlines mileage for purchases in late 2001, which alienated many of its affluent consumers.
  • The decision to cut costs by laying off most local executive management, merchandising operations, accounting, advertising and marketing positions, consolidating them from A&P's Montvale, NJ headquarters instead. "You really, truly need someone in the organization who knows the market, who knows the customer, [but there was] nobody left," a former executive told the Detroit Free Press. While this was blamed on an accounting scandal that affected the chain, it was largely done for cost cutting purposes.

At the end of 2001, Market Scope projected that Farmer Jack lead metro Detroit in market share with 27.5%, but less than a year later its market share began free falling whereas Meijer’s climbed from 10.7% to 16.1%.

In 2003, Farmer Jack announced its first round of store closures and that it would seek voluntary buyouts among its most senior employees [5]. In June, in a move made by the company to ‘get its consumer base back,’ but attributed by the media as a marketing gimmick, each store was closed for 37 hours so that they could be thoroughly cleaned; when the stores reopened, employees debuted with new uniforms and the loyalty card & weekly sales were discontinued in favor of everyday low pricing. Additionally, a new marketing program titled “We’re Thinking Fresh” promoting ‘it’s fresh or it’s free - guaranteed’ was launched [6]. An analysis by the Detroit Free Press among a basket of commonly purchased items concluded that Farmer Jack's price had indeed went from most expensive to least expensive among its peers; however, the paper also noted that "in spite of the surface shine, some areas of the store needed a scrubbing. The coolers looked old, a frozen food area had bent and crooked shelves, and some inner cooler door frames were dusty and dotted with bits of paper." The paper speculated that competitors would match Farmer Jack's prices and that it would be stuck with the same problem it bad before the makeover [7].

In early 2004, ten Farmer Jack locations were converted into A&P's Food Basics format in an attempt to compete with discount chains such as Save-A-Lot[8]. Less than a year later, nine were closed while the other -- a new-build store in Dearborn Heights -- was converted into a Farmer Jack. Simultaneously, the closure of 15 Farmer Jacks was announced[9]; four more closures were announced later in the year[10] .

In early 2005, A&P placed Farmer Jack for sale, seeking an estimated $250M for 71 core stores; the remaining locations were offered individually [11]. Later that year, workers approved wage cuts conditional on a sale to Spartan Stores guaranteeing at least 56 stores would be kept open. Spartan Stores was lead by several former Farmer Jack executives, including its CEO Dennis Edison, who also lead Farmer Jack until his dismissal by A&P in 2002. But the deal with Spartan Stores fell through. Workers then approved a similar package of cuts in exchange for A&P guaranteeing to keep the stores open through May 2007. A&P, which was unable to find a buyer for Farmer Jack, said it would break even for the year and therefore A&P -- which had just received nearly a $1B cash injection from the sale of its Canadian division -- was in no hurry to sell it. A&P also admitted that because it had anticipated a quick sale, Farmer Jack had been poorly managed for over a year; therefore, the company was returning to loyalty cards and "It's Savings Time" marketing[12].

By April 2006, Farmer Jack was once again profitable [13].

In August 2006, Farmer Jack announced it'd convert three stores into a prototype mixed discount-upscale market featuring warehouse-type shelving, fewer product offerings and higher stacking in the produce department while featuring lower prices. Plans were scrapped by October, with A&P then-CEO Eric Claus saying "we're not pleased with our lack of sales momentum in Michigan"[14].

In March 2007, A&P announced it'd sell or close Farmer Jack by July[15] . In May, its distribution warehouses closed[16] . The remaining Farmer Jacks were closed on July 7. "For all practical purposes, those stores were closed anyway," Supermarket analyst David Livingston told the Detroit News. "Farmer Jack was doing such a low volume. The existing stores were barely even doing that -- existing." "Farmer Jack was stuck in the past in terms of quality, merchandising and pricing," said Ken Dalto, a Farmington Hills-based retail consultant. "A&P never gave its Michigan stores the type of attention they needed to do well. Customers noticed they didn't move beyond 20 years ago."[17]

A Farmer Jack store with a liquidation sign displayed

Of the remaining 66 Farmer Jacks, it was announced that 20 were sold to Kroger, 10 to smaller local chains and 15 to independent grocers[18] . However, some of the deals with the independent grocers collapsed. In an October 2007 SEC filing A&P revealed that it received approximately $110 million for 41 former Farmer Jack sites, and that 2 warehouses and 25 stores remained for sale.[19][20]

In June 2010, A&P ended lease payments at vacant Farmer Jack stores; affected property owners responded with 24 lawsuits against A&P.[21] In December 2010, A&P filed for bankruptcy citing dark leases from discontinued operations like Farmer Jack as a factor in its decision.[22]

Marketing

Farmer Jack is remembered in metro Detroit for its It's Always Savings Time jingle, which was used in the 1990s and again in the mid-2000s. Its most famous advertising mode was the 10-second "Farmer Jack savings time" plugs where the radio personality would give a quick special while in the background would play a sound similar to a teletype that began and ended with a low "boinnng" sound.

Another famous slogan was Made in Michigan, Sold at Farmer Jack, which was used to promote Michigan brands and agriculture products.

References

  1. ^ PATTERSON, PHILANA. "Grocer To Convert To Upscale Format". Daily Press. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  2. ^ "Food Lion Acquiring Farmer Jack Stores". The Virginian-Pilot. Norfolk, Virginia: NewsBank. 26 February 1999. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
  3. ^ "Industry Report". Detroit Free Press. 23 Sep 2003. p. D2.
  4. ^ Dixon, Jennifer (14 Feb 2003). "FARMER JACK IN A TAILSPIN". Detroit Free Press. p. A1.
  5. ^ Dixon, Jennifer (28 Mar 2003). "Farmer Jack Drops 4 Stores". Detroit Free Press. p. C1.
  6. ^ Dixon, Jennifer (12 June 2003). "Farmer Jack Fights Back". Detroit Free Press. p. A1.
  7. ^ Dixon, Jennifer (21 June 2003). "New Prices at Farmer Jack Undercuts Rivals". Detroit Free Press. p. A1.
  8. ^ "A&P Reopening 10 Detroit Farmer Jacks as Food Basics Stores". Progressive Grocer. 13 January 2004. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
  9. ^ Guest, Gretta (27 May 2005). "As Grocer Fades, New Owners Take Gamble". Detroit Free Press. p. C1.
  10. ^ Guest, Gretta (01 Sep 2005). "Farmer Jack Union Fears More Closures". Detroit Free Press. p. C1. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ Gopwani, Jewl (11 May 2005). "A&P To Sell Farmer Jack". Detroit Free Press. p. C1.
  12. ^ Guest, Gretta (19 Oct 2005). "A&P Says It's In No Hurry To Sell Farmer Jack". Detroit Free Press. p. C1.
  13. ^ Guest, Gretta (05 May 2006). "FARMER JACK IS TRIMMING STORE PRICES: WAGE CUTS MAKE BIG GROCER PROFITABLE AGAIN". Detroit Free Press. p. E1. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ Guest, Gretta (28 Oct 2006). "FARMER JACK DELAYS SHOPS THAT MIX UPSCALE, DISCOUNT". Detroit Free Press. p. A12.
  15. ^ Bauza, Margarita (9 April 2007). "GROCER'S FUTURE UNCERTAIN". Detroit Free Press. p. A8.
  16. ^ Bauza, Margarita (9 May 2007). "FARMER JACK TO CLOSE ALL ITS WAREHOUSES IN METRO DETROIT". Detroit Free Press. p. E2.
  17. ^ Youssef, Jennifer (7 July 2007). "Kroger in, Farmer Jack out". The Detroit News. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  18. ^ Youssef, Jennifer (7 July 2007). "Kroger in, Farmer Jack out". Detroit News. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  19. ^ "Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets: The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, Inc". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 22 october 2007. Retrieved 2013-12-17. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ "The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company / Real Estate". Aptea.com. Retrieved 2010-05-01.[dead link]
  21. ^ Duggan, Daniel (3 October 2010). "A&P stops rent on Farmer Jack spaces: 24 lawsuits filed; owners in default". Crain's Detroit Business. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
  22. ^ Duggan, Daniel (13 December 2010). "A&P wants to terminate 21 retail leases in metro Detroit, bankruptcy filing shows". Crain's Detroit Business. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
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