List of private spaceflight companies
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This article is a list of non-governmental, or privately owned, entities focused on developing and/or offering equipment and services geared towards spaceflight, both robotic and human. The list includes both inactive and active entities.
List of abbreviations used in this article |
---|
LEO: Low Earth orbit |
Commercial astronauts
- Association of Spaceflight Professionals[1][2] — Astronaut training, applied research and development, payload testing and integration, mission planning and operations support (Christopher Altman, Soyeon Yi)[1][3]
Manufacturers of space vehicles
Cargo transport vehicles
Company name | Spacecraft | Launch system | Length (m) | Dry mass (kg) | Launch mass (kg) | Payload (kg) | Payload volume (m3) | Return payload (kg) | Diameter (m) | Generated power (W) | Automated docking | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SpaceX | Dragon | Falcon 9 Block 5 | 6.1 | 4,200[4] | 10,200 | 6,000[5] pressurized or unpressurized, in any mixture[6] | 10.0 (pressurized), plus 14 (unpressurized), or 34 (unpressurized with extended trunk)[7] | 3,000 capsule return[8] | 3.7 | 2,000[9] | No | Retired (21/22) |
Dragon 2 | Falcon 9 Block 5 | 8.1 | 6,400 | 6,000[5] | 10.0 (pressurized), plus 14 (unpressurized) | 3,000[5] | 3.7 | Yes | Operational (5/5) | |||
Orbital | Cygnus (standard) | Antares 1x0 | 5.14 | 1,500[10] | 2,000[10] | 18.9[10] | None | 3.07 | 3,500[11] | No | Retired (3/4) | |
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems | Cygnus (enhanced) | Antares 230 Atlas V 401 |
6.34 | 1,800[12] | 3,500[12] | 27[12] | None | 3.07 | No | Operational (14/14) | ||
Sierra Nevada Corporation | Dream Chaser Cargo System | Atlas V Vulcan[13] |
5,000 pressurized, 500 unpressurized[14] | 1,750[14] | Yes | Development Planned: 2023 |
Crew transport vehicles
Orbital
Company name | Spacecraft | Range | Launch system |
Crew size |
Length (m) | Diameter (m) | Launch mass (kg) | Power system |
Generated power (W) |
First spaceflight* |
Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blue Origin | Biconic Space Vehicle | LEO | New Glenn | Planned date not known | Development | ||||||
Boeing | CST-100 Starliner | LEO | Multiple, initially Atlas V | 7[15] | 5.03[16] | 4.56[16] | Solar panels | Planned: First Crewed 2023 (First Uncrewed: 20 December 2019, Second Uncrewed: 19 May 2022) |
Testing
(2/3) | ||
Sierra Nevada Corporation | Dream Chaser Space System | LEO | Multiple, initially Vulcan Centaur | 7[17][18] | 9[19] | 11,300[20] | 2026[21] | Development | |||
SpaceX | Dragon 2 | LEO | Falcon 9 Block 5 | 7[note 1] | 8.1[22] | 3.7[23] | Solar | Crewed: May 30, 2020 (Uncrewed: 2 March 2019) |
Operational (8/8) | ||
Starship | Mars[24][note 2] | Super Heavy | <=100 | 50[24] | 9[24][note 3] | 1,335,000[24] | Solar panels | Planned: 2022 without crew | Development |
- * - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures
Suborbital
Company name | Spacecraft | Range | Launch system |
Crew size |
Length (m) | Diameter (m) | Launch mass (kg) | First spaceflight* |
Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scaled Composites | SpaceShipOne | 100 km (62 mi) | White Knight | 1 | 8.53 | 8.05 | 3,600 | 21 June 2004 | Retired (3/3)[note 1] |
Blue Origin | New Shepard Crew Capsule | 114 km (71 mi) (capsule, using the launch escape system motor) | New Shepard | 6 | 3.6 | Crewed: July 20, 2021
(Uncrewed: April 29, 2015) |
Operational (6/6) | ||
The Spaceship Company | SpaceShipTwo | 110 km (68 mi) | White Knight Two | 8 (2 Pilots, 6 Passengers) | 18.3 | 8.3 | 9,740 | 13 December 2018 | Testing (5/6)[note 2] |
Copenhagen Suborbitals[note 3] | Tycho Deep Space | 105 km (65 mi) |
Spica | 1 | 13 | 0.955 | 4,000 | Planned date not known | Development |
PD AeroSpace | (Unknown) | 110 km (68 mi)[25] | (Unknown) | 8 (6 passengers, 2 pilots) | 14.8[26] | >6,000 | Planned date not known | Development | |
World View | Explorer Capsule | 30 km (19 mi) | Stratospheric Balloon | 10 (8 passengers, 1 pilot, 1 concierge) | 5.5 | 4,500 | Planned 2024 | Development |
- * - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures
Launch vehicle manufacturers
Company name | Launcher name |
Launcher type |
No. of stages |
Maximum reach |
Launcher status |
Maiden flight |
Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ABL Space Systems | RS1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2022 (planned) | [27] | |
Agnikul Cosmos | Agnibaan | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | Unknown | ||
ARCA Space | Haas 2b | Suborbital crewed rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Cancelled | — | [28] | |
Haas 2CA | Light rocket | 1 | LEO | Cancelled | — | [29] | ||
Super Haas | Medium rocket | 2 | LEO | Proposed | Unknown | [30] | ||
EcoRocket Demonstrator | Reusable light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | 2022 (planned) | [31] | ||
EcoRocket Heavy | Heavy rocket | 3 | Deep space | Proposed | Unknown | [31] | ||
Australian Space Research Institute | AUSROC Nano | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [32] | |
Astra Space | Astra Rocket 1 | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Retired (0/1) | 2018 | [33][34][35] | |
Astra Rocket 2 | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Retired (0/1) | 2018 | [36] | ||
Astra Rocket 3 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Retired (2/5) | 2020 | [37][38] | ||
Astra Rocket 4 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023 (planned) | [39][40] | ||
SALVO | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Cancelled | — | [41][42][43] | ||
Bellatrix Aerospace | Chetak | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023 (planned) | ||
Blue Origin | New Shepard | Reusable suborbital rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (22/23) | 2015 | ||
New Glenn | Reusable heavy rocket | 2 or 3 | GTO | Development | 2023 (planned) | [44][45][46] | ||
New Armstrong | Reusable super-heavy rocket | 3 | HCO | Proposed | ~2030 (proposed) | |||
BluShift Aerospace | Stardust | Reusable sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (1/1) | 2020 | ||
Starless Rogue | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Development | Unknown | |||
Brown Dwarf | Sounding rocket | 2 or 3 | Suborbital | Cancelled | — | |||
Red Dwarf | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | Q2 2024 (planned) | |||
Borneo SubOrbitals | TBA | Sounding rocket | 2 or 3 | Suborbital | Development | 2022 (planned) | [47][48][49] | |
Canadian Arrow | Canadian Arrow | Suborbital crewed rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Cancelled | — | [50] | |
Datiotec Aeroespacial / INMEU A.C. | JFCR.2000-Pollux | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | Unknown | [51][52] | |
Exos Aerospace | SARGE | Reusable sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (3/4) | 2018 | [53][54] | |
Equatorial Space Systems | Volans | Light Rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | 2024 (planned) | [55] | |
Dorado | Sounding Rocket | 1 or 2 | Suborbital | Development | 2022 (planned) | [56] | ||
Firefly Aerospace | Firefly Alpha | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Operational (0/1) | 2021 | [57] | |
Firefly MLV | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2025 (planned) | [58] | ||
General Astronautics | Urania | Medium rocket | 3 | LEO | Cancelled | — | [59][60] | |
Gilmour Space Technologies | RASTA | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Retired (1/1) | 2016 | [61] | |
Eris | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | 2022 (Planned) | [61] | ||
Generation Orbit | X-60A (GOLauncher 1) | Air-launched sounding rocket | 1 + airplane | Suborbital | Development | Unknown | [62][63] | |
GOLauncher 2 | Air-launch-to-orbit | 2 + airplane | LEO | Development | Unknown | |||
Independence-X Aerospace | DNLV (Dedicated Nano Launch Vehicle) | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023 (planned) | [64][65] | |
Interorbital Systems | NEPTUNE N series | Light rocket | 3–4 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [66][67] | |
NEPTUNE N36 | Light rocket | 4 | TLI | Proposed | Unknown | [66][67] | ||
Neptune TSAAHTO | Medium rocket | 2½ | TLI | Proposed | Unknown | [66] | ||
Interstellar Technologies | Momo | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (3/7) | 2017 | [68][69] | |
Isar Aerospace | Spectrum | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | H1 2023 (planned) | [70] | |
Launcher | Light | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2024 (planned) | [71] | |
Leaf Space | Primo | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Proposed | Unknown | [72][73] | |
Lin Industrial | Taymyr | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [74][75] | |
Lockheed Martin | VentureStar | Reusable spaceplane | 1 | LEO | Cancelled | — | [76] | |
Athena | Medium rocket | 2 or 3 | TLI | Retired (5/7) | 1995 | |||
Mishaal Aerospace | M-SV | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | Unknown | [77][78][79] | |
M-OV | Light rocket | 1 + 6 Boosters | LEO | Development | Unknown | [77][78][80] | ||
M-LV | Light rocket | 1 + 8 boosters | TLI | Development | Unknown | [77][78][81] | ||
OneSpace | OS-X | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Operational (2/2) | 2018 | [82] | |
OS-M1 | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Operational (0/1) | 2019 | [83] | ||
OS-M2 | Light rocket | 3 + 2 boosters | LEO | Development | Unknown | [84] | ||
OS-M4 | Light rocket | 3 + 4 boosters | LEO | Development | Unknown | [85] | ||
Orbex | Prime | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2022 (planned) | [86] | |
OrbitX | Haribon SLS-1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023–2024 (planned) | ||
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems | Antares | Medium rocket | 3 | LEO | Operational (15/16) | 2013 | [87] | |
Minotaur-C, formerly Taurus | Light rocket | 4 | LEO | Operational (7/10) | 1994 | [88][89][90] | ||
Pegasus | Air-launch-to-orbit | 3-4 + airplane | HEO | Operational (40/45) | 1990 | |||
Omega | Medium rocket | 3 + 0-6 boosters | GEO | Cancelled | (Was planned for 2021) | [91] | ||
Orbital Transport & Raketen AG | OTRAG | Medium rocket | variable | LEO (designed) Suborbital (achieved) |
Retired (15/18) | 1977 | [92] | |
Perigee Aerospace | Blue Whale 1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [93][94] | |
PLD Space | Miura 1 | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | 2022 (planned) | [95][96][97][98] | |
Miura 5 | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | 2024 (planned) | [99] | ||
Relativity Space | Terran 1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2022 (planned) | [100][101] | |
Terran R | Reusable medium rocket | 2 | Deep space | Development | 2024 (planned) | [102] | ||
Rocket Crafters | Intrepid-1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [103][104] | |
Rocket Lab | Ātea-1 | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Retired (1/1) | 2009 | [105][106] | |
Ātea-2 | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Cancelled | — | [107] | ||
Electron | Reusable light rocket | 2 | LEO | Operational (26/29) | 2017 | [108] | ||
Neutron | Medium rocket | 2 | GTO | Development | 2024 (planned) | [109][110] | ||
RocketStar | Star-Lord | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [111] | |
Rocket Factory Augsburg | RFA One | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | 2023 (planned) | [112][113][70] | |
Skyroot Aerospace | Vikram-1 | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [114] | |
Vikram-II | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | Unknown | |||
Vikram-III | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | Unknown | |||
Skyrora | Skyrora 1 | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | Unknown | [115][116][117] | |
Skylark Micro | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Operational (1/1) | 2021 | [118] | ||
Skylark L | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | 2022 (planned) | [119][120] | ||
Skyrora XL | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | 2023 (planned) | [121][122][123][124] | ||
SpaceForest | Bigos | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (5/5) | 2015 | [125] | |
Candle-2 | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (1/1) | 2016 | [126][127][128] | ||
Perun | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (1/1) | 2020[129] | [130] | ||
SIR (Suborbital Inexpensive Rocket) | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | 2022 (planned) | [125][131] | ||
Space Services Inc. | Percheron | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Cancelled | — | [132] | |
Conestoga 1620 | Medium rocket | 4 | LEO (designed) Suborbital (achieved) |
Retired (0/1) | 1995 | [132] | ||
SpaceLS | Prometheus-1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [133][134] | |
Space Pioneer | Tiansuo-1 | Vertical landing test stage | 1 | Suborbital | Development | Unknown | [135] | |
Tianlong-1 | Light rocket | LEO | Development | Unknown | [135] | |||
SpaceX | Falcon 1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Retired (2/5) | 2006 | [136] | |
Falcon 1e | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Cancelled | — | [136] | ||
Falcon 5 | Medium rocket | 2 | GTO | Cancelled | — | [137] | ||
Falcon 9 v1.0 | Medium rocket | 2 | GTO (designed) LEO (achieved) |
Retired (5/5) | 2010 | [138] | ||
Falcon 9 v1.1 | Medium rocket | 2 | HCO | Retired (14/15) | 2013 | [138] | ||
Falcon 9 Full Thrust Block 1-4 |
Reusable medium rocket / Heavy rocket (expendable) |
2 | TMI[139] | Retired (36/36) | 2015 | [138] | ||
Falcon 9 Block 5 | Reusable medium rocket / Heavy rocket (expendable) |
2 | TMI[139] | Operational (324/325) | 2018 | [140][141] | ||
Falcon Heavy | Reusable heavy rocket / Super-heavy rocket (expendable) |
2 + 2 boosters | Deep space (Pluto)[142] | Operational (10/10) | 2018 | [138][143] | ||
Starship Super-Heavy | Reusable super-heavy rocket | 2 | Deep space | Development | 2022 (planned)[144] | [145][146] | ||
Success Rockets | Nebo 1 | Ultralight rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (1/1) | December 2021 | [147] | |
Stalker | Ultralight rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2024 | [148] | ||
United Launch Alliance | Atlas V | Medium rocket | 2 + 0-5 boosters | TMI | Operational (94/95) | 2002 | [149] | |
Delta II 6000 | Medium rocket | 2-3 + 9 boosters | GTO | Retired (17/17) | 1989 | [150] | ||
Delta II 7000 | Light rocket | 2-3 + 3, 4 or 9 boosters | GTO | Retired (130/132) | 1990 | [150] | ||
Delta II 7000H | Medium rocket | 2-3 + 9 boosters | TMI | Retired (6/6) | 2003 | [150] | ||
Delta IV | Medium rocket | 2 + 0, 2 or 4 boosters | GTO | Retired (28/28) | 2003 | [151] | ||
Delta IV Heavy | Heavy rocket | 2 + 2 boosters | GTO | Operational (10/11) | 2004 | [152] | ||
Vulcan | Heavy rocket | 2 + 0-6 boosters | GTO | Development | 2022 (planned) | [153] | ||
UP Aerospace | Skyloft/Skyloft XL | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (18/19) | 2006 | ||
Spyder | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023 | |||
Vector Launch | Vector-R | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023 (2 prototype launches in 2017) | ||
Vector-RE1 | Light rocket | 2 or 3 | LEO | Cancelled | — | |||
Vector-H | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Cancelled | — | |||
Vector-HE1 | Light rocket | 2 or 3 | LEO | Cancelled | — | |||
Virgin Orbit | LauncherOne | Air-launch-to-orbit | 2 + airplane | LEO | Operational (4/5) | 2020 (First successful attempt Jan 2021) | [154] | |
Zero2infinity | Bloostar | Rockoon system (high-altitude balloon and space launcher) | 3 + high-altitude balloon | LEO | Development | Unknown | [155] |
Landers, rovers and orbiters
Company name | Craft name | Craft type | Craft status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
ARCASPACE | ELE (European Lunar Explorer) | lunar orbiter | Development | [156] |
Astrobotic Technology | Red Rover | lunar rover | Development | [157] |
Griffin (previously Artemis Lander) | lunar lander | Negotiating | [158] | |
Peregrine Lander | lunar lander | Development | [159] | |
Blue Origin | Blue Moon | lunar lander | Development | |
Integrated Lander Vehicle | crewed lunar lander | Development | ||
Dynetics | Dynetics HLS | lunar lander | Development | |
Euroluna | ROMIT | lunar rover | Cancelled | [160] |
Golden Spike Company (defunct) |
unnamed | crewed lunar lander | Cancelled | [161] |
Hakuto | Sorato | lunar rover | Development | [162][163] |
Tetris | lunar rover | Cancelled | [164] | |
Independence-X Aerospace | SQUALL (Scientific Quest Unmanned Autonomous Lunar Lander) | lunar lander | Cancelled | [165] |
Interorbital Systems | RIPPER (Robotic InterPlanetary Prospector Excavator Retriever) | lunar lander | Development | [166] |
Intuitive Machines | Nova-C lander, and Universal Reentry Vehicle (URV)[167] | lunar lander; reusable orbital vehicle | Development | [168] |
Lunar Mission One | unnamed | lunar lander | Proposed (2014) | [169] |
Masten Space Systems | XEUS | lunar lander | Negotiating | [158] |
Masten Space Systems | XL-1 | lunar lander | Development | [170] |
Moon Express | MX-1 | lunar lander | Testing | [158][171] |
Odyssey Moon | MoonOne (M-1) | lunar rover | Cancelled | [172] |
Omega Envoy | Sagan | lunar rover | Cancelled | [173] |
OrbitBeyond | Z-01 | lunar landers and rovers | Proposed (2018) | [174][175] |
PTScientists | Audi Lunar quattro | lunar rover | Testing | [176] |
PTScientists | ALINA (Autonomous Landing and Navigation Module) | lunar lander | Development | [177] |
Puli Space Technologies | Puli | lunar rover | Fundraising | [178] |
SpaceX | Starship | crewed mars lander | Development | |
Starship HLS | crewed lunar lander | Development | ||
Team FREDNET | Picorover | lunar rover | Cancelled | [179] |
Team Italia | AMALIA (Ascensio Machinae Ad Lunam Italica Arte) | lunar rover | Cancelled | [180] |
Team Indus | HHK-1 | lunar lander | Development | |
Team Indus | ECA | lunar rover | Development | |
TransOrbital | TrailBlazer | lunar orbiter | Cancelled | [181] |
Team Plan B | Plan B | lunar rover | Cancelled | |
Spacebit | Asagumo | lunar rover | Testing | [182][183] |
Space IL | Beresheet | lunar lander | Crashed upon landing | |
Space Explration Corp | Defiant | lunar lander | Cancelled | [184] |
Synergy Moon | Tesla | lunar rover | Development | [185] |
Research craft and tech demonstrators
Company name | Craft name | Craft purpose | Craft status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
ARCA | Demonstrator 2b | demonstrate reusable monopropellant engine | Retired | |
Armadillo Aerospace | Quad | demonstrate VTOL | Retired | |
ASRI | AUSROC I | systems Testing | Retired | |
AUSROC II | payload to 10 km | Retired | ||
AUSROC 2.5 | systems Testing | Testing | ||
AUSROC III | payload of 150 kg to 500 km | Development | ||
Blue Origin | Goddard | demonstrate VTOL | Retired | |
Deep Blue Aerospace | Nebula-1 | demonstrate VTOL | Development | [186] |
Interorbital Systems | Neutrino | systems Testing | Operational | |
Tachyon | systems Testing | Operational | [187] | |
Lockheed Martin | X-33 | demonstrate SSTO | Cancelled | |
Masten Space Systems | XA-0.1 | demonstrate VTOL | Retired | |
XA-0.1B | Lunar Lander Challenge Level 1 | Operational | ||
XA-0.1E | Lunar Lander Challenge Level 2, commercial precursor flights | Retired (12 flights) | ||
XA-0.1E2 | commercial flights | Destroyed (115 flights) | ||
XA-0.1E4 | commercial flights | Retired (75 flights) | ||
XA-0.1E5 | commercial flights | Operational | ||
XL-1T | terrestrial test bed for the XL-1 lunar lander | Development | ||
Xeus | commercial flights | Cancelled | ||
McDonnell Douglas | DC-X | demonstrate VTOL | Retired (11 test flights) | |
Origin Space | Yang Wang-1 | space mineral resources developer | Development | [188] |
Rotary Rocket | Roton ATV | demonstrate VTOL | Retired (3 test flights) | |
Space Services Inc. | Conestoga I | systems Testing | Retired (1 test) | [132] |
SpaceX | Grasshopper | demonstrate VTOL | Retired (8 tests) | [189] |
F9R Dev1 | refine VTOL (low altitude) | Destroyed (5 flights) | [190] | |
F9R Dev2 | refine VTOL (high altitude) | Cancelled | ||
Starhopper | demonstrate VTOL | Retired (4 test flights) | ||
Starship prototypes | demonstrate VTOL | Retired (7 test flight) | ||
Swedish Space Corp. | Maxus | payload to 700 km | Operational | |
Maser | payload to 300 km | Operational | ||
UP Aerospace | SpaceLoft XL | payload to 140 km | Operational | [191] |
World View Enterprises | Stratollite | payload up to 30 km and 300 kg | Operational | [192] [193] |
zero2infinity | nanobloon 1.0 | payload to 32 km | Operational | [194] |
nanobloon 2.0 | payload to 33 km | Operational | ||
microbloon 1.0 | payload to 24 km | Operational | ||
microbloon 2.0 | payload to 31 km | Operational | ||
microbloon 3.0 | payload to 27 km | Operational |
Propulsion manufacturers
Satellite launchers
Company | Launch vehicles | Notes | Refs |
---|---|---|---|
Arianespace | Ariane, Vega | Minority owned by some EU states | |
Astra Space | Rocket 3, Rocket 4 | Rocket 3 retired in August 2022 | [40] |
Firefly Aerospace | Firefly Alpha, Firefly MLV | ||
IHI Corporation | Epsilon | Some R&D by JAXA | |
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries | H-IIA | R&D done by JAXA. | [212] |
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems | Antares, Minotaur | Own launchers, funded by NASA | |
Rocket Lab | Neutron, Electron | ||
SpaceX | Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy | ||
Sea Launch | Zenit | Owned by S7 Airlines | |
United Launch Alliance | Atlas V, Delta IV Heavy | 50% owned by Lockheed Martin, 50% Boeing |
Space-based economy
Space manufacturing
Company name | Products | Manufacturing craft | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Shackleton Energy Company | propellant, space infrastructure, propellant depot | Unknown | Defunct (2020) | [213] |
Made In Space | 3D printing in ISS, in-space antenna systems, fiber optics | Unknown | Operational (2018) | [214] |
Varda Space Industries | building products in space and bringing them back to earth (ex: ZBLAN, 3d printed organs) | Unknown | Operational (2021) | [215] |
Deep Space Industries | propellant, communications platforms, space solar power satellites | MicroGravity Foundry | Defunct (2020) | [216] |
Cosmic Shielding Corporation | Space Materials; Multifunctional polymers for spacecraft and habitat structural and shielding components | Unknown | Operational (2021) | [217][218] |
Space mining
Company name | Body to be mined | Mining craft | Mining status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Deep Space Industries | Near-Earth asteroids | Prospector-1, Harvestor 1 | Defunct (2019) | [219][220] |
ispace | Moon | Hakuto-R | Development | [221][222] |
Moon Express | Moon | MX-1, MX-2, MX-5, MX-9 | Development | [223] |
Planetary Resources | Near-Earth asteroids | Arkyd Series 100, 200, 300 | Cancelled | [224] |
Shackleton Energy Company | Moon | TBD | Defunct (2020) | [213] |
Space stations
Private Company name | Space Craft name | Space Craft type | Internal volume |
Passenger capacity |
Craft status | Orbit Around | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Axiom Space | Axiom International Commercial Space Station | Rigid Module | 8[225] | Development (2016) | Earth | [226][227] | |
Bigelow Aerospace | Genesis I subscale test spacecraft | Inflatable module | 11.5 m3 (406 cu ft)[228] | Uncrewed | Derelict, on orbit[229] | Earth | [230] |
Genesis II subscale test spacecraft | Inflatable module | 11.5 m3 (406 cu ft)[231] | Uncrewed | Derelict, on orbit[229] | Earth | [232] | |
Galaxy | Inflatable module | 16.7 m3 (590 cu ft)[233] | Uncrewed | Cancelled | Earth | [234] | |
Sundancer | Inflatable module | 180 m3 (6,357 cu ft) | 3 | Cancelled | Earth | [235] | |
BA 330 | Inflatable module | 330 m3 (11,654 cu ft) | 6 | Cancelled[236] | Earth | [237][238][239] | |
BA 2100 | Inflatable module | 2,100 m3 (74,161 cu ft) | 16 | Cancelled[236] | Earth | [240] | |
Space Complex Alpha | Inflatable space station | 690 m3 (24,367 cu ft) | 12 | Cancelled | Earth | ||
Excalibur Almaz | Almaz derivative | Rigid module | 3 | Cancelled | Earth | [241][242][243] | |
Galactic Suite Ltd. | Galactic Suite | Rigid module | 6 | Proposed (2007) | Earth | [244] | |
Orion Span | Aurora Space Station | Rigid module | 160 m3 (5,650 cu ft) | 6 (2 Crew, 4 Tourists) | Proposed (2018) | Earth | [245][246] |
Sierra Nevada Corporation | Large Inflatable Fabric Environment | Inflatable module | 300 m3 (10,594 cu ft) | 4 | Testing | Moon/Mars | [247] |
Blue Origin | Orbital Reef | Rigid module | 830 m3 (29,311 cu ft)[248] | TBA | Proposed (2021) | Earth | [249] |
Space settlement
Company name | Colony location | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
SpaceX | Mars | Development | [250][251][252] |
Spacecraft component developers and manufacturers
Company | Products | Refs |
---|---|---|
Altius Space Machines | Rendezvous and capture technology for uncooperative satellites; magnetoshell aerocapture and aerobraking technology for CubeSats; lightweight robotic manipulators[when?] | [citation needed] |
Andrews Space | Reusable space vehicles; HTHL spacecraft; magnetorquers[when?] | [citation needed] |
Alén Space | NanoSats and CubeSats | [253] |
Astranis | MicroGEO Satellites | |
TESBL Aerospace Corporation | In-space services; Solar Array Drive Actuators (SADA); microgravity payload integration, as of 2019[update] | [254] |
Axelspace | CubeSats | [256][257] |
CesiumAstro | Active phase array communications payloads that include RF inter-satellite links as of 2017. | [258][259] |
Craig Technologies | Small satellite deployment services (up to 110 kg); microgravity payload integration[when?] | [260] |
EADS Astrium Satellites | Spacecraft and ground segment elements | [citation needed] |
EADS Astrium Space Transportation | Launchers and orbital infrastructure | [citation needed] |
Innovative Solutions In Space | CubeSat manufacture and operation, as of 2018[update] | [261] |
Made in Space | 3D printers for use in microgravityas of 2013[update] | [262] |
Mynaric | Laser communication for satellites and aircraft | [citation needed] |
RUAG Space | Antenna Pointing Mechanisms; Solar Array Drive Assembly (SADA); satellite components; launchers and structures as of 2009[update] | [263] |
SpaceDev | Small spacecraft; propulsion products and services; space components, mechanisms and structures[when?] | [citation needed] |
SpaceQuest, Ltd. | Spacecraft and spacecraft components[when?] | [citation needed] |
Xplore | Satellite payload transport and hosting in Earth orbit and Beyond Earth orbit (BEO) destinations, including flight to asteroids, Venus, and Mars. Active as of 2020[update] | [264] |
Cosmic Shielding Corporation | Radiation Shielding materials for spacecraft and spacesuits; Space Weather Forecasting and Mitigation | [217] |
ADDMAN Engineering | Metallurgy development and production of components including thrusters, injectors, cold plates, hot gas manifolds to space and hypersonic industry, especially refractory metals (Titatnium, Niobium) as of 2020 |
Spaceliner companies
Company name | Contracts for | Craft utilised | Status | Notes | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Axiom Space | SpaceX | Crew Dragon | Active | SpaceX Axiom Space-1 launched in April 2022 | [265][266] |
Benson Space Company | SpaceDev | Dream Chaser | Defunct | [267] | |
MirCorp | none | Soyuz TM, Progress M1 and Mir | Defunct | Mir deorbited | |
Space Adventures | - | Soyuz and the ISS | Active | 9 tourists sent | [268] |
RocketShip Tours | XCOR | Lynx rocketplane | Defunct | ||
Virgin Galactic | Scaled Composites | Spaceship Two, White Knight 2 | Active | 7 Spaceship Two glide flights successfully completed |
See also
- List of government space agencies
- List of spacecraft manufacturers including the "traditional space" companies
- NewSpace
- Private spaceflight
- Robert Truax
- Space industry
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