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Northwestern University
File:NU seal.png
MottoQuaecumque sunt vera (Latin: Whatsoever things are true) -Philippians 4:8 KJV
TypePrivate
Established1851
EndowmentUS $7 billion[1]
PresidentHenry S. Bienen
Academic staff
2,925[2]
Students15,129[2]
Undergraduates7,976[2]
Postgraduates7,153[2]
Location
United States Evanston
,
IL
,
U.S.
Campus240-acre Suburban Evanston Campus; 25-acre Urban Chicago Campus
ColorsPurple and White[3]            
AffiliationsAssociation of American Universities, COFHE
MascotWillie the Wildcat
Websitenorthwestern

Northwestern University (NU) is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational research university with campuses located in Evanston, Illinois and downtown Chicago. The university is organized into eleven schools and colleges granting undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees. The Kellogg School of Management, Medill School of Journalism, Feinberg School of Medicine, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, School of Communication, School of Education and Social Policy, School of Music, and School of Law are often ranked highly in their respective fields.[4] Student enrollments include approximately 7,800 undergraduate and 6,300 graduate students.[5] Northwestern competes in the NCAA's Division I and is a founding member of the Big Ten Conference.

History

Main article: History of Northwestern University
The Arch at Northwestern's Evanston campus

Founded in 1851 by Methodists from Chicago (including John Evans, after whom Evanston is named), Northwestern opened in Evanston in 1855 with two faculty members and ten students. The school’s nine founders, all of whom were Methodists (three of them ministers), knelt in prayer and worship before launching their first organizational meeting.[6] The University's name, Northwestern, came from its founders' desire to serve citizens of the states that occupied the area of the former Northwest Territory: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota. The original Evanston campus in 1855 consisted of only one building, a temporary structure called "Old College." University Hall, the first permanent building, was constructed in 1869. Northwestern built a campus in Chicago for the schools of law, medicine, and business in the 1920s.

The phrase on Northwestern's seal is Quaecumque sunt vera -- in Latin, "Whatsoever things are true" from Philippians 4:8. Also on Northwestern's seal, a Greek phrase inscribed on the pages of an open book: ho logos pleres charitos kai aletheias, which translates as "The Word... full of grace and truth." This phrase comes from the Gospel of John 1:14: "And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, and we behold His glory, and the glory was of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth." Both the Latin and Greek phrases express the values of the University's founders, and recall Northwestern's Methodist heritage.

Northwestern's founding charter granted the school a permanent exemption from paying property taxes. For this reason, Northwestern has often endured a difficult relationship with Evanston's government. Tensions have arisen regarding building codes, law enforcement, and politics. Recently, factions of Evanston's government have attempted to divide Northwestern's campus into several different wards, so as to reduce students' voting potency.

In 1873, the Evanston College for Ladies merged with Northwestern, and Frances Willard, who later gained fame as a suffragist, became the school's first dean of women. Northwestern first became co-educational in 1869 at the insistence of Dean Erastus Haven, and the first female student graduated in 1874. [7]

University Hall, the second building constructed on the campus, and the oldest building still standing.

Purple became Northwestern's official school color in 1892[8], replacing black and gold. A university committee thought that too many other universities used those colors. Contrary to popular belief, both white and purple are official colors. The University's Alma Mater mentions white in conjunction with purple ("Hail to purple, hail to white"), and both are listed in the university guidelines.[3]

During the 1930s, Northwestern nearly merged with its academic rival, the University of Chicago.[9] In 1933, Northwestern President Walter Scott and Chicago President Robert Hutchins concluded that in order to secure the future of both universities, it was in the best interest of both to merge as the Universities of Chicago, with Northwestern's Evanston campus serving undergraduates, Northwestern's Chicago campus serving professionals, and Chicago's Hyde Park campus serving postgraduates. What Scott and Hutchins initially envisioned as the preeminent university in the world was eventually extinguished by Northwestern's boards of trustees, a result that Hutchins called "one of the lost opportunities of American education." [9]

Northwestern hosted the first-ever NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship game in 1939. It took place in Patten Gymnasium, which was demolished and relocated farther north in order to make room for the Technological Institute.

In 1948, prominent anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits founded the Program of African Studies at Northwestern, the first center of its kind at an American academic institution.

In May 1978, the first Unabomber attack occurred at Northwestern University. The following year, the second Unabomber attack also occurred at Northwestern.

On January 11, 2003, in a speech at Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall, Governor of Illinois George Ryan announced that he would commute the sentences of more than 150 death row inmates. Ryan said, "it is fitting that we are gathered here today at Northwestern University with the students, teachers, lawyers and investigators who first shed light on the sorrowful conditions of Illinois’ death penalty system."[10] In the late 1990s, Northwestern student journalists uncovered information that exonerated Illinois death row inmate Anthony Porter two days before his scheduled execution.

Campuses

See also: List of Northwestern University buildings

Evanston

Dearborn Observatory
Ford Design Center

Northwestern's Evanston campus, home to the undergraduate program and the business school, runs north-south along a stretch of Sheridan Road. The north side of campus is home to the campus' fraternity quads, the Henry Crown Sports Pavilion and other athletic facilities, and the Technological Institute and science-related buildings. The south side of campus is home to the University's humanities buildings, music buildings, art buildings, and sorority quads. This division in building location, along with the fact that the south end of campus is closer to the downtown center of Evanston, creates a cultural difference between the students typically found on either end of the campus.

The university has five libraries on the Evanston campus and three on the Chicago campus. The libraries in total have over 9 million materials.[citation needed]

Notable buildings and places on campus include the Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, Catalysis Center, Pick-Staiger Concert Hall, Dearborn Observatory, McCormick Tribune Center for use by students in the Medill School of Journalism, The Arthur and Gladys Pancoe-Evanston Northwestern Healthcare Life Sciences Pavilion, Ryan Hall, Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center.

In the 1960s, the Evanston campus expanded its boundaries by constructing a lakefill in Lake Michigan. The 84 acres are now home to the Northwestern University Library, Norris University Center, Pick-Staiger Concert Hall, among other facilities.

The Chicago Transit Authority's elevated train running through Evanston is called the Purple Line, taking its name from Northwestern's school color. The Foster and Davis stations are within walking distance of the southern end of the campus, while the Noyes station is close to the northern end of the campus. The Central station is close to Ryan Field, Northwestern's football stadium. Northwestern's professional schools and hospital in downtown Chicago are about four blocks east of the Chicago station on the CTA Red Line.

The Chicago Transit Authority and Pace Suburban Bus Service have several bus routes that run through both campuses. The Evanston Davis Street Metra station serves the Northwestern campus in downtown Evanston as well, and the Evanston Central Street Metra station is near Ryan Field.

Chicago

The Montgomery Ward Building at the Feinberg School of Medicine--America's first academic skyscraper. [11]

Northwestern's Chicago campus is located in the city's Streeterville neighborhood, with close proximity to landmarks such as the John Hancock Center and Michigan Avenue. Its Ward Building was the first academic skyscraper in the country. The Chicago campus is home to the medical school and hospital, the law school, the part-time business school, and the School of Continuing Studies, which offers evening and weekend courses for working adults.

Academics

The neo-Brutalist architecture of the University Library

Student body

In the 2005-06 academic year, there were 7,976 full-time undergraduates, 7,153 full-time graduate students, and approximately 1,800 part-time students.[2] There were 21,930 applications for the Class of 2011 (entering 2007): 5,872 were admitted (26%) and 1,981 enrolled (33.7%).[12] The same enrolling undergraduate class was 53.3% female, 5% African-American, 19% Asian-American, 7% Hispanic, less than 1% American Indian, and 6% international.[12] The mean SAT score was 1423 and 86 percent ranked in the top ten percent of their high school class.[13]The freshman retention rate was 96.3% and four-year graduation rate was 86%.[12] 2008-2009 tuition and fees for undergraduates was $37,125 and $213.8 million was offered in scholarships, grants, and other financial aid across the university's undergraduate and graduate programs.[14] Northwestern granted 2,098 bachelors degrees, 2,615 masters degrees, 423 Ph.D.s, and 414 professional degrees in 2007.[2]

Faculty and administration

Main article: List of Northwestern University faculty

Northwestern has 2,925 full-time faculty members and approximately 5,600 staff members among its eight schools.[2] Northwestern has had fifteen presidents during its history, excluding interim presidents. The current president is Henry Bienen although he announced his intention to retire effective August 31, 2009.[15]

Current notable faculty include sexual psychologist J. Michael Bailey; Holocaust denier Arthur Butz;[16] former-Weatherman Bernardine Rae Dohrn; ethnographer Gary Alan Fine; Kyoto Prize-winning philosopher Jurgen Habermas; military sociologist and "don't ask, don't tell" author Charles Moskos; Templeton Prize-winner Charles Taylor; Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Garry Wills; and MacArthur Fellowship recipients Stuart Dybek, Aleksandar Hemon, Jennifer Richeson, Amy Rosenzweig, and Mary Zimmerman. Former notable faculty include artist Ed Paschke and Nobel Prize-winning chemist John Pople.

Rankings

File:LuntHall.jpg
Lunt Hall
Academic rankings
National
U.S. News & World Report[17]14th
Global
ARWU[18]29th
THE[19]29th

Northwestern University is ranked 14th among national universities by U.S.News & World Report (tied with Brown University and Johns Hopkins University),[20] 29th among world universities and 22nd among universities in the Americas by Shanghai Jiao Tong University,[21] and 15th in North America by The Times Higher Education Supplement,[22] 42nd among national universities by Washington Monthly,[23] 35th among world universities and 23rd among American universities by Newsweek,[24] and in the 6th tier among national universities by The Center for Measuring University Performance.[25]

USNWR ranks Northwestern's School of Law 9th,[26] Kellogg School of Management 5th,[27] Feinberg School of Medicine 21st in research and 44th in primary care,[28] the McCormick School of Engineering 21st,[29] and the School of Education and Social Policy 7th.[30]

The Medill School of Journalism ranks among America's top three journalism, media, and advertising schools [31][32] Business Week ranks Northwestern's Kellogg School of Management as the best business school for executive MBA's and 3rd best overall, with respect to full-time MBA programs.[33]

The Princeton Review ranks NU with the 12th best college newspaper, 3rd best college theater, and 5th worst town and gown relationship.[34] Men's Fitness magazine named Northwestern the fifth-fittest college in America in 2005.[35]

Schools and colleges

Northwestern University comprises 11 schools and colleges:

Undergraduate and Graduate Programs Graduate and Professional
Evanston Campus Evanston Campus

Chicago Campus

Chicago Campus

The Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary (1853) is also located on the Evanston campus, though it is only affiliated with the university.

Campus Life

Traditions

Northwestern University student traditions include:

The Rock
  • Originally a fountain that was donated by the Class of 1902, painting The Rock is now a way to advertise Greek organizations, student groups, and on-campus events.[36]
  • Northwestern has several traditions for football games. For example, the Wildcat Growl is done when opposing teams control the ball. This works especially well in thwarting audibles on the field as the majority of home fans participate. Also, students jingle their keys at the beginning of each kickoff. Students used to throw marshmallows during football games, but this unusual tradition was discontinued at the behest of former football coach Gary Barnett.
  • The Clock Tower glows purple after a winning game, alternating sports with the season, announcing the results to a large part of the Evanston community. The Clock Tower remains purple until a loss or the end of the sports season. This is a recent change from the original tradition of lighting the Clock Tower purple only after winning football games, and keeping it purple during the off-season if the football team won its last game of the season.
  • Dance Marathon, a 30-hour philanthropic event, raises several hundred thousand dollars every winter. The 2007 "DM" raised in excess of $708,000.
  • Primal Scream is held at 9 p.m. on the Sunday before finals week every quarter. For the event, students lean out windows or gather in court yards and scream at the top of their lungs.[37]
  • Armadillo Day, or more commonly Dillo Day, is held on Northwestern's Lakefill every Spring on the weekend before Memorial Day.[38]

Media

The Daily Northwestern is the main student newspaper at Northwestern. It is published on weekdays during the academic year. Established in 1881, it is run entirely by undergraduates, many of whom are students at the Medill School of Journalism. The Daily is widely considered one of the best college newspapers in the country, a frequent winner of the Columbia Scholastic Press Association and the coveted Associated Collegiate Press Pacemaker award. Although it serves the Northwestern community, the Daily is not affiliated with the university and is supported entirely by advertisers. It is owned by the Students Publishing Company. Current circulation is in excess of 7,500 as The Daily Northwestern is the only daily publication for both Northwestern University and the city of Evanston.

WNUR (89.3 FM) is a 7200 watt radio station that broadcasts to Chicago and its northern suburbs. It is the largest student-run radio station in the country. In 2003, WNUR was named the #1 college radio station in the country by Spin magazine. WNUR has also been recognized as a top US station by The Wire and is often cited as one of the major centers for the nascent indie music movement during the early 1990s. However, music is not the only part of WNUR's programming. Students broadcast Northwestern's varsity athletics (football, men's and women's basketball, baseball, softball, and women's lacrosse) live, produce news updates on weekdays, and discuss politics, current events, and literature.

The Northwestern News Network, commonly known as NNN, is the student television news and sports operation at Northwestern. It broadcasts news and sports programming three days of the week during the academic year on NU Channel 1, online at nnntv.org and weeknights at 10 p.m. on Evanston cable access channel 6.

North by Northwestern is a student-run online publication dedicated to campus life. It recently won first place in its region for Best All-Around Independent Online Student Publication from the Society of Professional Journalists.

Other prominent student publications include the Northwestern Business Review, a business magazine; Helicon, a literary magazine; schmooze, a magazine for Jewish college students around the country; STITCH, a fashion and photography magazine; Blackboard, published by black student alliance For Members Only; Mustardseed, a Christian publication; NUde Magazine, which focuses on student culture and experiencing Chicago and The Protest, which is part of the Peace Project umbrella organization.

Performing arts

Student theater enjoys a highly visible presence on campus. Two annual productions are especially notable: the Waa-Mu[39] show, and the Dolphin show. Waa-Mu is an original musical, written and produced almost entirely by students. The Dolphin Show is the nation's largest student produced musical. Children's theater is represented on campus by Griffin’s Tale and the recently formed Purple Crayon Players. In addition, Northwestern boasts the largest student-theatre community in the nation. Students produce over sixty independent productions each year. Many Northwestern alumni have used these productions as stepping stones to successful television and film careers. Chicago's Lookingglass Theatre was founded by several alumni, including David Schwimmer, and began in the Great Room in Jones Residential College.

Northwestern also has a variety of improv groups. The improv and sketch comedy group Mee-Ow lists Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Dermot Mulroney, Ana Gasteyer, John Cameron Mitchell and Seth Meyers among its alumni. The Titanic Players are the oldest long-form improv group in the country. Mee-Ow, Titanic, and Out da Box, a multicultural comedy show, along with Northwestern's theatre department, have brought nation-wide attention to Northwestern's improv comedy training and performance.[citation needed]

There are over ten a cappella groups and a variety of dance companies on campus. The dance companies include Fusion Dance Company, a Hip-Hop Dance Crew; Graffiti Dancers, a dance group that focuses on jazz and modern; and Boomshaka, Northwestern's premiere drum and dance ensemble, combining body rhythm, drumming, and dance. Radio drama featuring student voice actors is a staple of WNUR's programming.

Service

Many Northwestern students are also heavily involved in community service. Annual events include Dance Marathon, a 30-hour event that raised over $708,000 for charity in 2007,(as cited in "Planting Seeds of Growth", the program for the 31st Annual Philanthropy Awards Luncheon hosted ay the Chicago Chapter of the Association of Fundraising Professionals on May 18, 2007)[citation needed] Project Pumpkin, a Halloween celebration where over 800 local children are invited to campus for an afternoon of games and candy, and Suitcase Party.[citation needed] Many students also assist with Special Olympics and take alternative spring break trips.[citation needed] Northwestern students also participate in the Freshman urban program - a special program for students interested in community service. The Dance Marathon 07 organizers were awarded the Outstanding Youth in Philanthropy Award by the Chicago Chapter of the Association of Fundraising Professionals.

Housing

See also: List of Northwestern University residences

Northwestern has diverse student housing options, including both regular residence halls and specially-themed "Residential Colleges." Some residential colleges include Jones Residential College, dedicated to the arts, multi-themed Willard Residential College, multi-themed Shepard Residential College, and the Communications Residential College (CRC) for students interested in communications.

According to numbers posted by the Office of Fraternity and Sorority Life, 36% of students were affiliated with a fraternity or a sorority in Spring 2005. This is the highest percentage of students involved in Greek life among Big Ten universities.[citation needed]

Athletics

Main article: Northwestern Wildcats
Northwestern University Wildcats

A charter member of the Big Ten Conference and the only private institution in the conference, Northwestern has 19 intercollegiate athletic teams (8 men's and 11 women's) and numerous club sports.[citation needed] The football team plays at Ryan Field (formerly known as Dyche Stadium); the basketball and volleyball teams play at Welsh-Ryan Arena.

Northwestern's athletic teams are nicknamed the Wildcats. Before 1924, they were known as "The Purple" and unofficially as "The Fighting Methodists." The name Wildcats was bestowed upon the university in 1924 by Wallace Abbey, a writer for the Chicago Daily Tribune who wrote that even in a loss to the University of Chicago, "Football players had not come down from Evanston; wildcats would be a name better suited to [Coach Glenn] Thistletwaite's boys." [40]

The name was so popular that university board members made "wildcats" the official nickname just months later. In 1972 the student body voted to change the official nickname from "Wildcats" to "Purple Haze" but the new name never really stuck.[citation needed]

2005 NCAA Women's Lacrosse Championship game between the Virginia Cavaliers and Northwestern Wildcats

The Northwestern Athletics' mascot is Willie the Wildcat. However, the team's first mascot was not Willie, but a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw. In fall 1923, Furpaw was driven to the playing field to greet the fans before each game. After a losing season, the team decided that Furpaw was the harbinger of bad luck and banished him from campus. Willie made his debut ten years later in 1933 as a logo, but did not actually come to life until 1947, when members of the Alpha Delta fraternity dressed up as him during the Homecoming parade.

The Northwestern University Marching Band (NUMB) leads the students in cheers and spirit, providing strong links to the past and preserving Northwestern's oldest traditions. They perform the school's fight song, "Go U Northwestern".

Ryan Field, Northwestern's 49,000 seat football stadium

Northwestern's football team has a history of futility, as it holds the all-time records for Division I-A losses, points allowed, and negative point differential (amount opponents have outscored them by), and is on the losing end of the greatest comeback in Division I-A history. Northwestern also holds the record for the longest losing streak in Division I-A, 32 games. However, the team has seen success in recent years, including trips to the 1996 Rose Bowl, 1997 Citrus Bowl, 2000 Alamo Bowl, 2003 Motor City Bowl and 2005 Sun Bowl. In addition to those winning seasons, Northwestern also enjoyed one of their most memorable Football victories in 2004, with an upset over usual Big Ten power Ohio State. The current coach is former All-American Northwestern linebacker Pat Fitzgerald.

The Northwestern women's soccer team gained significant notoriety in 2006 when pictures of an alleged hazing incident involving new team members were found on Facebook and posted on Badjocks.com [41]

Current successful athletic programs include men's soccer, wrestling, men's swimming, men's golf, women's tennis, softball, fencing and women's lacrosse. The women's lacrosse team is the four-time NCAA national champion, and went undefeated in 2005.

Notable alumni

Main article: List of Northwestern alumni

Many Northwestern alumni play or have played important roles in Chicago and Illinois, such as current Illinois governor Rod Blagojevich, Chicago Bulls and Chicago White Sox owner Jerry Reinsdorf, and theater director Mary Zimmerman.

Northwestern's film and theater programs have also produced a steady stream of talented actors, actresses, and filmmakers. Alumni who have made their mark on film and television include Academy Award-winner Charlton Heston, Ann-Margret, Warren Beatty, David Schwimmer, Zach Braff, Marg Helgenberger, William Daniels, and Stephen Colbert. Alumni such as Stephanie D'Abruzzo, Heather Headley, Kristen Schaal, Lily Rabe, and Walter Kerr have seen prominence on Broadway. Amsterdam-based comedy theater Boom Chicago was founded by Northwestern alumni, and the school has become a training ground for future The Second City, I.O., ComedySportz, Mad TV and Saturday Night Live talent.

The Medill School of Journalism has produced notable journalists and political activists such as Elisabeth Bumiller, Former State Treasurer Judy Baar Topinka, ESPN personalities Rachel Nichols, Michael Wilbon, and Mike Greenberg, and CNN anchor Nicole Lapin. Garry Marshall, Happy Days producer and movie director, is also a Medill alumnus. Erwin Chemerinsky will lead U.C Irvine's Law School starting in 2008

Northwestern alumni involved in music include Thomas Tyra, Andrew Bird, Matt Muckey, M. Superlatif, Julie Liu, Jen Charowhas, and members of Arcade Fire, The Lawrence Arms, Chavez, Freddie Feldman, and OK Go.

Northwestern alumni living in New York City and Los Angeles, especially those involved in theater and film, are commonly known as the "Northwestern Mafia" due to their high concentration in the area and their willingness to help out fellow Wildcats [2]. They were referenced in an episode of Joey, in which Matt LeBlanc's character pretends to be a Northwestern alumnus in order to improve his industry connections.

Northwestern alumni involved in professional sports administration include Rick Sund (NBA) and Billy McKinney (NBA).

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Northwestern University.

Official University Sites

Alumni Groups

Student Publications

Athletics

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Notes and references

  1. ^ "NU Endowment". Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Northwestern University Facts". Northwestern University. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
  3. ^ a b "Guidelines, Northwestern Identity System, Publications, Northwestern University". Retrieved 2007-09-26. Cite error: The named reference "purple" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. ^ Zmirak, John (2005). Choosing the Right College: The Whole Truth about America's Top Schools 2006. Intercollegiate Studies Institute. p. 689. ISBN 978-1932236606.
  5. ^ "Northwestern Facts". Retrieved 2007-06-15.
  6. ^ "Keeping the Faith". Northwestern. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
  7. ^ Records of the Evanston College for Ladies, northwestern University Archives [1]
  8. ^ "Events in Northwestern History". Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  9. ^ a b "The deal that almost was: 'The Universities of Chicago'". Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  10. ^ Pat Vaughan Tremmel (January 23, 2003). "Death penalty history made at Northwestern". Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  11. ^ Timeline 1900-1949, History, About, Northwestern University
  12. ^ a b c "Fast facts, Office of Undergraduate Admissions". Northwestern University. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
  13. ^ President Harry Bienen. "Looking Ahead: A Year of Tradition and Change, Spring 2008, Northwestern University". Northwestern University. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
  14. ^ "FAQ, Financial Aid". Northwestern University. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
  15. ^ http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2008/03/bienenpresidency.html
  16. ^ "Arthur Butz".Anti Defamation League: Arthur Butz
  17. ^ "2023-2024 Best National Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. September 18, 2023. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  18. ^ "2024 Academic Ranking of World Universities". ShanghaiRanking Consultancy. August 15, 2024. Retrieved August 21, 2024.
  19. ^ "World University Rankings 2024". Times Higher Education. September 27, 2023. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  20. ^ "America's Best Colleges 2007". U.S. News & World Report. 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
  21. ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities 2007". Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-07.
  22. ^ "World University Rankings". The Times Higher Educational Supplement. 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
  23. ^ "The Washington Monthly College Rankings". The Washington Monthly. 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
  24. ^ "The World's 100 Most Global Universities". Newsweek. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
  25. ^ "The Top American Research Universities: 2006 Annual Report" (PDF). 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
  26. ^ "Top Law Schools". U.S. News & World Report. 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
  27. ^ "Top Business Schools". U.S. News & World Report. 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
  28. ^ "Top Medical Schools". U.S. News & World Report. 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
  29. ^ "Top Engineering Schools". U.S. News & World Report. 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
  30. ^ "Top Education Schools". U.S. News & World Report. 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
  31. ^ "Texas Advertising: Department - Reputation". Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  32. ^ "Graduate School Rankings By U.S. News & World Report:ADVERTISING" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  33. ^ "Business School Rankings". Business Week. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  34. ^ "Northwestern University Rankings and Lists". The Princeton Review. 2007.
  35. ^ "America's Fittest and Fattest Colleges in America 2005". Men's Fitness. 2005. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
  36. ^ Northwestern University Wildcams: Troubleshooting
  37. ^ Northwestern traditions, Campus life, Freshman, Office of Undergraduate Admission - Northwestern University
  38. ^ Northwestern traditions, Campus life, Freshman, Office of Undergraduate Admission - Northwestern University
  39. ^ An acronym for the Women's Athletic Association and the Men's Union.
  40. ^ Abbey, Wallace (November 16, 1924). "Maroons beat Purple by a Dropkick". Chicago Tribune. pp. A1. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  41. ^ USATODAY.com - Northwestern women's soccer team suspended after photos of alleged hazing are publicized
  42. ^ "Cheaper by the Dozen". Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  43. ^ "On Location". Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  44. ^ Netflix Online Movie Rentals - Rent DVDs, Classic Films to DVD New Releases

Further reading

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