Star Trek
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Star Trek is an American science fiction entertainment series and media franchise. The Star Trek fictional universe created by Gene Roddenberry is the setting of six television series including the original 1966 Star Trek, in addition to ten feature films (with an eleventh in post-production), dozens of computer and video games, hundreds of novels and other fan stories, as well as a themed attraction in Las Vegas. The original TV series alone is one of the biggest cult phenomena of modern times.[1]
Setting
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In the Star Trek universe, humanity developed faster-than-light space travel, using a form of propulsion referred to as "warp drive", following nuclear war and a post-apocalyptic period in the mid-21st century. According to the story time line, the first warp flight happened on April 5th, 2063. Later, humans united with other sentient species of the galaxy to form the United Federation of Planets. As a result of the intervention and scientific teachings of the Vulcans, an advanced telepathic alien race, humanity largely overcame many Earth-bound frailties and vices by the middle of the twenty-second century. Star Trek stories usually depict the adventures of human and alien beings who serve in the Federation's Starfleet.
The protagonists are essentially altruists whose ideals are sometimes only imperfectly applied to the dilemmas presented in the series. The conflicts and political dimensions of Star Trek form allegories for contemporary cultural realities; Star Trek: The Original Series addressed issues of the 1960s,[2] just as later spin-offs have reflected issues of their respective eras. Issues depicted in the various series include war and peace, authoritarianism, imperialism, class warfare, economics, racism, human rights, sexism and feminism, and the role of technology.[3] Gene Roddenberry has stated that by creating "a new world with new rules, I could make statements about sex, religion, Vietnam, politics and intercontinental missiles. Indeed, we did make them on Star Trek: we were sending messages and fortunately they all got by the network" [3]
Television series
Star Trek originated as a television series in 1966, although it had been in the planning stages for at least six years prior to that.[4] Although The Original Series was cancelled after its third season due to low ratings, it has served as the foundation for four additional live-action television series and one animated television series.[5][3] Altogether, the six series comprise a total of 726 episodes and ten theatrical films (with an 11th in the works) across twenty-two different television seasons (twenty-nine, if one separately counts seasons running concurrently), making it the longest sci-fi series ever made. See Lengths of science fiction film and television series for more on comparative series lengths.
The Original Series (1966–1969)
Star Trek debuted in the United States on NBC on September 8, 1966.[6] The show tells the tale of the crew of the starship Enterprise and that crew's five-year mission "to boldly go where no man has gone before." The original 1966-1969 television series featured William Shatner as Captain James Tiberius Kirk, Leonard Nimoy as Mr. Spock, DeForest Kelley as Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy, James Doohan as Montgomery "Scotty" Scott , Nichelle Nichols as Nyota Uhura, George Takei as Hikaru Sulu, and Walter Koenig as Pavel Chekov. In its first two seasons it was nominated for awards as Best Dramatic Series. After three seasons, however, the show was canceled and the last episode aired on June 3, 1969.[7] The series subsequently became popular in reruns and a cult following developed, complete with fan conventions.[6] Originally presented under the title Star Trek, it has in recent years become known as Star Trek: The Original Series or as "Classic Trek" — retronyms that distinguish it from its sequels and the franchise as a whole. All subsequent films and television series, except the animated series of the 1970s, have had secondary titles included as part of their official names. A re-release of the series began in September 2006 with CGI "enhancements" as a high-definition "Remastered" edition. The first season has been converted to this and other episodes are still being remastered.[8]. The remastered episodes currently air in syndication while the originals appear on TV Land, G4 (TV channel), Sci Fi in Australia, The Sci-Fi Channel in the UK, in Poland on TV Puls and, additionally, on BBC2 in the UK, and other small stations, although these broadcasts are infrequent and irregular.
The Animated Series (1973–1974)
Star Trek: The Animated Series was produced by Filmation and ran for two seasons from 1973 to 1974. Most of the original cast performed the voices of their characters from The Original Series, and many of the original series' writers, such as D. C. Fontana, David Gerrold and Paul Schneider wrote for the series. While the animated format allowed larger and more exotic alien landscapes and lifeforms, animation and soundtrack quality, the liberal reuse of shots (pioneered by Jonnie 'Roy' White) and musical cues as well as occasional animation errors has detracted from the reputation of the series.[9] Although originally sanctioned by Paramount (who became the owners of the Star Trek franchise following its acquisition of Desilu in 1967), Roddenberry forced Paramount to stop considering the series canon. Even so, elements of the animated series have been used by writers in later live-action series and movies (e.g. Kirk's middle name, Tiberius, first used in Bem was made official in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, and elements of Spock's childhood from Yesteryear, referenced in the TNG episode Unification, Part 1) while the holodeck makes its first appearance in the TAS episode The Practical Joker. TAS won Star Trek's first Emmy Award on May 15 1975.[10][11] The TAS series briefly returned to television in the mid-1980s when it was rebroadcast on the children's cable network Nickelodeon and in the early 1990s on cable network Sci-Fi Channel. It was released to DVD in 2006. The complete TAS was also released on Laserdisc format during the 1980's.[12]
Phase II
Star Trek: Phase II was set to air in June 1978 as the flagship series of a proposed Paramount Television Network, and 12 episode scripts were written before production was due to begin.[13] The series would have put most of the original crew back aboard the Enterprise for a second five-year mission, except for Leonard Nimoy as Spock, who did not agree to return due to a disagreement on how many episodes he should appear in. A younger, full-blooded Vulcan named Xon was planned as a replacement, although it was still hoped that Nimoy would make guest appearances.[13] Sets were constructed and several minutes of test footage were filmed. However, the risks of launching a fourth network and the popularity of the then-recently released film Star Wars led Paramount to make a Star Trek film instead of a weekly television series. The first script of this aborted series formed the basis of Star Trek: The Motion Picture,[14] while two others were eventually adapted as episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation during the 1988 Writers Guild of America strike.[15]
The Next Generation (1987–1994)
Star Trek: The Next Generation (Also known as "TNG", The Next Generation) is set about 85 years after The Original Series. It features a new starship, the Enterprise-D, and a new crew led by Captain Jean-Luc Picard, played by Patrick Stewart. It also features the first Klingon in Starfleet, Worf, played by Michael Dorn. The show premiered on September 28, 1987 and ran for seven seasons, ending on May 23, 1994.[16] Unlike the previous television outings, the program was syndicated instead of airing on network television. It had the highest ratings of any of the Star Trek series and was the #1 syndicated show during the last few years of its original run.[17] It was nominated for an Emmy for Best Dramatic Series during its final season. It also received a Peabody Award for Outstanding Television Programming.[18] The series currently airs on SciFi in the US[19], HRT in Croatia, AXN Sci-Fi in Bulgaria and Poland, TV6 in Sweden, Viasat 4 in Norway, SBS NET in Denmark, ETV in Estonia, Bravo, Virgin 1 and BBC 2 in the UK, Sci Fi in Australia, Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil, SIC Radical in Portugal, and Space in Canada.[20]
Deep Space Nine (1993–1999)
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine is set during the same time frame as The Next Generation and went on for seven seasons, debuting in 1993.[21] Like Star Trek: The Next Generation, it aired in syndication in the United States and Canada. It is the only Star Trek series to take place primarily on a space station rather than aboard a starship. It is set on the Cardassian-built space station Deep Space Nine, located near the planet Bajor and a uniquely stable wormhole that provides immediate access to the distant Gamma Quadrant.[22] The show chronicles the events of the station's crew, led by Commander (later Captain) Benjamin Sisko, played by Avery Brooks. Recurring plot elements include the repercussions of the lengthy and brutal Cardassian Occupation of Bajor, Sisko's unique spiritual role for the Bajorans as the Emissary of the Prophets and a war with the Dominion. Deep Space Nine stands apart from earlier Trek series for its lengthy serialized storytelling, conflict within the crew, and religious themes — all of which were elements that Roddenberry had forbidden in earlier Trek programs.[23] Nevertheless, he was made aware of plans to make DS9 before his death, so this was the last Star Trek series with which he was connected.[24] The series currently airs on Virgin 1 in the UK, Sci Fi in Australia and soon on TV4 Science Fiction in Sweden.
Voyager (1995–2001)
Star Trek: Voyager was produced for seven seasons from 1995 to 2001, launching a new Paramount-owned television network UPN. It features Kate Mulgrew as a new commanding officer, Captain Kathryn Janeway,[25] the first female commanding officer in a Star Trek series. Voyager takes place at about the same time as Deep Space Nine. The series' pilot shows the USS Voyager and its crew stranded in the Delta Quadrant, 75,000 light years from Earth.[26] Faced with a 75-year voyage to Earth, the crew must avoid conflict and defeat challenges on its long and perilous journey home. Like Deep Space Nine, early seasons of Voyager feature greater conflict between its crew than is seen in later shows, as a large contingent of the crew is made up of Maquis fugitives forced by circumstance to cooperate with Starfleet regulations instead of doing things the Maquis way. Eventually, though, they settle their differences, after which it becomes more reminiscent of The Original Series. Voyager is originally isolated from many of the familiar aspects and races of the Star Trek franchise, barring those few represented on the crew. This allowed for the creation of new races and original plot lines within the series. Later seasons, however, brought an influx of characters and races from prior shows, such as the Borg, Q, the Ferengi, Romulans, Klingons, Cardassians and even multiple instances where members of the Next Generation crew appear in the series. The series is currently airing on Space in Canada, Sci Fi in Australia, Spike TV in the United States, Canal Jimmy, Sci-Fi in France, and soon Virgin 1 in the United Kingdom.[27][28]
Enterprise (2001–2005)
Star Trek: Enterprise (originally titled as "Enterprise" prior to season 3), produced from 2001 to 2005, was a prequel to the other Star Trek series, beginning over one hundred years before the original Star Trek series.[29] The series is set aboard Earth's first warp-five capable starship, the Enterprise commanded by Captain Jonathan Archer (Scott Bakula). Enterprise shows the origins of several elements that are common in the other series.
For the first two seasons, Enterprise was mostly episodic, like the original series and The Next Generation. The third season's epic arc "Xindi mission" carried through the entire season. Fourth season's story arcs are often spread to two or three episodes. Ratings for Enterprise started strong, but declined rapidly. This may have been due in part to the deviation from Gene Roddenberry's original vision of a more egalitarian future. The deviation began during Star Trek Voyager and continued into Star Trek Enterprise. Through the first two seasons the episodes were well done and seemed to be arcing back towards Roddenberry's orginal vision, but that changed at the end of season two and throughout season three. The show continued to lose ratings mainly during the third season due to the prolonged nature of the mission. Fans were becoming bored and stopped watching. In fourth season the show was making a come back with better written episodes and returing towards what made the other franchises so popular. Unfortunately by then Paramount had cancelled the show in early 2005. The episodes currently are in syndication on HDNet, Sky Two, Virgin 1 in the UK, the SciFi Channel in the US and Australia, Star World in India, and Space in Canada.[30]
Feature films
Paramount Pictures has produced ten Star Trek feature films, with an eleventh film currently in production, set for release on May 8, 2009. The first six films continue the adventures of the The Original Series cast, the seventh was an amalgam of "The Original Series" and "Next Generation" casts, and the next three were exclusively Next Generation's cast. Although North American and UK releases of the films were no longer numbered following the sixth film, European releases continued numbering the films. The eleventh film is a prequel about the early lives of James T. Kirk and Spock.
Some fans consider the even-numbered Star Trek films to be superior to the odd-numbered Star Trek films (the so-called "Star Trek movie curse); the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth films are considered fan favorites, whereas the first, third, fifth, seventh, and ninth are often considered the weaker films.[31][32]
Notable film appearances
Cultural impact
The Star Trek franchise is a multi-billion dollar industry, currently owned by CBS.[33] Gene Roddenberry sold Star Trek to NBC as a classic adventure drama; he pitched the show as "Wagon Train to the stars" and as Horatio Hornblower in space. Though set on a fictional starship, Roddenberry wanted to tell more sophisticated stories using futuristic situations as analogies to current problems on Earth and rectifying them through humanism and optimism.[34] The opening line, "to boldly go where no man has gone before," was taken almost verbatim from a US White House booklet on space produced after the Sputnik flight in 1957.[35] The central trio of Kirk, Spock and McCoy was modeled on classical mythological storytelling. [34]
Roddenberry explicitly intended the show to have a political agenda, as can be heard in phrases like "Those who hate and fight must stop themselves, otherwise it is not stopped." (Spock in 'Armageddon'). Harking of human diversity and contemporaneous political circumstances, Roddenberry included a multi-ethnic crew. Star Trek showed mankind what it might develop into, if only it would learn from the lessons of the past, most specifically by ending violence. An extreme example are the Vulcans, who had a very violent past but learned to control their emotions.
Star Trek and its spin-offs have proved highly popular in television repeats and are currently shown on TV stations worldwide.[36] The show’s cultural impact goes far beyond its longevity and profitability. Star Trek conventions have become popular, though now are often merged with conventions of other genres and series, and fans have coined the term "Trekkie" to describe themselves. Others, however, prefer the term "Trekkers". Fans of Deep Space Nine are better known as "Niners". An entire subculture has grown up around the show[37] which was documented in the film Trekkies.
The Star Trek franchise is believed to have motivated the design of many current technologies, including the Tablet PC, the PDA, mobile phones and the MRI (based on Dr. McCoy's diagnostic table).[38] It has also brought to popular attention the concept of teleportation with its depiction of "matter-energy transport." Phrases such as "Beam me up, Scotty" have entered the public vernacular.[39] In 1976, following a letter-writing campaign, NASA named its prototype space shuttle Enterprise, after the fictional starship.[40]
Riverside, Iowa has proclaimed itself the future birthplace of Captain James T. Kirk, a character from the television show Star Trek played by William Shatner. Gene Roddenberry, the creator of Star Trek, asserts in his book The Making of Star Trek that the character of Kirk had been born in the state of Iowa. In March 1985, when the town was looking for a theme for its annual town festival, Steve Miller, a member of the Riverside City Council who had read Roddenberry's book, suggested to the council that Riverside should proclaim itself to be the future birthplace of Kirk. Miller's motion passed unanimously. The council later wrote to Roddenberry for his permission to be designated as the official birthplace of Kirk, and Roddenberry agreed.
The city of Garland, Texas is the first city known to have an official place name based on the TV series: "Star Trek Lane," located off of Apollo Road and east of North Jupiter Road.[41] The city of Birmingham, Alabama also boasts a "Star Trek Lane," and "Star Trek Circle," in the Sunrise East subdivision of its Roebuck neighborhood.
An unincorporated area near the Las Vegas Strip contains a residential street named "Roddenberry Avenue." While the mailing address lists the avenue as being located in Las Vegas, Nevada, the physical address is an unincorporated township called "Enterprise". There is no indication that the township's name has any connection with the Star Trek series, and it is unknown whether or not the street name is a deliberate tribute to the Star Trek creator.[42]
A limited number of Famous Players theatres in Canada house large replicas of the USS Enterprise NCC-1701-A. One such theatre can be found in the town of Thunder Bay, Ontario.
The town of Vulcan, Alberta, Canada contains a large replica of the Star ship Enterprise as it appeared in the fourth through sixth movies.
Parodies of Star Trek include the internet-based cartoon series Stone Trek, the song Star Trekkin' by The Firm and the feature film Galaxy Quest.
In the seaQuest episode "Hide and Seek", William Shatner (Captain Kirk) appears as a dictator named Milos Tezlov. When Calling the SeaQuest, Shatner's vidcom locater in the lower right hand of the screen is listed as NCC1701. NCC-1701 was the Hull Serial Number of the Enterprise in Star Trek, The Original Series.
Current status and future
In 2006, CBS Paramount Domestic Television began syndicating an enhanced version of the original 79 Star Trek episodes. State-of-the-art visual effects replaced those in the series (created in-house by CBS), the original theme music has been rerecorded, and the show was transferred from the original negatives in high definition. The show is currently syndicated in HD.[43]
Also in 2006, it was announced that there was a pitch in the works for a new animated series that would, if produced, be released as several 6-minute episodes, available online (similar to The Animatrix and Star Wars: Clone Wars). The series is to be set 150 years after the Star Trek: The Next Generation time line, during an era of upheaval and strife in the Federation. The Romulans have used several "Omega Particle" explosions to render much of Federation space impassable by traditional Federation vessels. Many Federation worlds have been isolated and some races, including the Vulcans, have withdrawn from the Federation altogether. The series is, as yet, untitled and there has been no full confirmation.[44][45]
On January 19, 2007, CBS announced that its newly-formed home entertainment unit would begin releasing the remastered episodes on HD DVD before the end of 2007.[46] Though the remastered first season was released on DVD/HD-DVD hybrid discs, the latter two seasons will instead be released on DVD only on the wake of CBS's decision (and that of the industry) to abandon the high-definition format.[47]
Perpetual Entertainment was also developing a MMOG based on Star Trek called Star Trek Online, the licence has been sold to Cryptic Studios. IDW Publishing have also bought the rights to the comic book.[48] The original series' characters are also featured in two volumes of manga by publishers Tokyopop.
Star Trek also continues in many Star Trek fan productions.
A new movie, a prequel to the original series simply titled Star Trek, was initially slated for a Christmas 2008 release. In order to take advantage of the summer movie season, however, Paramount has pushed the release date back to May 8, 2009.[49] Paramount are negotiating for director J. J. Abrams, writers Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman, and producers Damon Lindelof and Bryan Burk, to return for a sequel. The film's major cast members have signed on for two sequels, which is standard practice.[50]
Major Villains
The first major villains to be introduced into the Star Trek storyline come from the Original Series, a multitude of episodes revolving around the ongoing cold war between the Federation and the Klingons, a war like race known for their aggression and (in later series' and all films) their cranial ridges. Only the Romulans were of the same level of villainy as the Klingons, and beyond that villains were often individuals or groups over entire races. The Klingons were also the primary villain in many of the Star Trek films, most notably The Search For Spock, The Voyage Home, The Final Frontier and The Undiscovered Country, where a peace is finally brokered resulting in the Khitomer Accords. During the Next Generation, the threat of the Klingons was decreased due to this uneasy truce and a stronger alliance later formed, as a result, the threat of the Romulans increased along with the introduction of the Cardassians and the Borg, with the latter remaining the key villains through the later seasons of Star Trek: Voyager. To a lesser extent, the Ferengi and the Q were also villains, however they would later be used for a more comedic, less threatening effect.
During Deep Space Nine, which itself was partly launched from a story-arc involving the Borg, new villains were introduced, with the Dominion being the main villains, along with the Cardassians and a brief resurgence of hostility with the Klingons, who later return as a result of the Dominion threat as strong allies. During Voyager, the writers of Star Trek wished to take the story away from villains who had by now been in the storylines for over thirty years.[51] Seeing the title ship flung to the far side of the galaxy, this enabled shows producers to introduce new villains. Initially, these were the Kazon, however with the success of Borg storylines and the popularity of Star Trek: First Contact the Borg were introduced to Voyager as the ship passed through Borg space, and they remained the principal villain and the center of a number of storylines, a central character (Seven of Nine) and the final episode.
Following Star Trek: Voyager, Star Trek: Enterprise, a prequel, capitalized on the use of well-known villains including the Klingons. It did, however, introduce new villains known as the Xindi and the Suliban, as well as showing darker sides to previously friendly races including the Vulcans and Andorians.
The Original Series, Deep Space Nine and Enterprise also feature a mirror universe, featuring a darker side to many characters and telling the story of the Terran Empire (replacing the Federation). In the Original Series, the characters from each universe swap over, causing conflict, and in each subsequent mirror episode of Star Trek many these mirror characters have been villainous.
References
Bibliography
Major reference works related to the production and influence of the franchise include:
- Whitfield, Stephen PE (1968). The Making of Star Trek. New York: Ballantine Books. OCLC 23859.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Gerrold, David (1973). The Trouble with Tribbles. New York: Ballantine. ISBN 0345234022.
- Gerrold, David (1984) [1973]. The World of Star Trek — Revised Edition (Bluejay Books ed.). Ballantine Books. ASIN B000JWHTXU.
- Lichtenberg, Jacqueline (1975). Star Trek Lives!. Toronto: Bantam Books. ISBN 0552099147.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Winston, Joan (1977). The Making of the Trek Conventions. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Books/Playboy Press. ISBN 0385131127.
- Turnbull, Gerry (1979). A Star Trek Catalog. Grosset & Dunlap. ISBN 0441784771.
- Asherman, Allan (1981). The Star Trek Compendium. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0671791451.
- Trimble, Bjo (1983). On the Good Ship Enterprise: My 15 Years with Star Trek. Donning Starblaze. ISBN 0898652537.
- Shatner, William (1993). Star Trek Memories. HarperCollins. ISBN 0060177349.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Shatner, William (1994). Star Trek Movie Memories. HarperCollins. ISBN 0060176172.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Nichols, Nichelle (1994). Beyond Uhura. Putnam. ISBN 0679435093.
- Krauss, Lawrence M (1995). The Physics of Star Trek. Basic Books. ISBN 0465005594.
- Ellison, Harlan (1996). City on the Edge of Forever. Borderlands Press. ISBN 1880325020.
- Edited By (1996). Harrison, Taylor; Projansky, Sarah; Ono, Kent A.; Helford, Elyce Rae (ed.). Enterprise Zones: Critical Positions on Star Trek. Boulder: Westview Press. ISBN 0813328993.
{{cite book}}:|last=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - Solow, Herbert F. (1996). Inside Star Trek: The Real Story. New York: Pocket Books. ISBN 0671896288.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Greenwald, Jeff (1998). Future Perfect: How Star Trek Conquered Planet Earth. Viking Press. ISBN 0670873993.
- Shatner, William (1999). Get a Life!. New York: Pocket Books. ISBN 0671021311.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Barad, Ph. D., Judith (2000). The Ethics of Star Trek. HarperCollins. ISBN 0060195304.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Shatner, William (2002). I'm Working on That: A Trek from Science Fiction to Science Fact. New York: Pocket Books. ISBN 067104737X.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Sackett, Susan (2002). Inside Trek: My Secret Life with Star Trek Creator Gene Roddenberry. Hawk Publishing Group. ISBN 1930709420.
- Lake, M.N. (2005). Picard: The Academy Years. Dragon Publishing.
- McIntee (2000). Delta Quadrant - The Unofficial Guide to Star Trek Voyager. ISBN 0753504367.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|forst=ignored (help)
Notes and references
- ^ E.g. Hillel Italie (AP National Writer), Potter Reaches Cult Phenomenon Status, ABC News, 30 June 2007, in which Star Trek's status as a cult phenomenon is repeatedly taken as read.
- ^ Star Trek: A Phenomenon and Social Statement on the 1960s URL accessed April 7, 2007
- ^ a b c Johnson-Smith, Jan (2005). American Science Fiction TV: Star Trek, Stargate and Beyond. I B Tauris & Co Ltd. pp. p57, pp79-85. ISBN 1860648827.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help) - ^ Whitfield, Stephen E. (1970). The Making of Star Trek. Ballantine Books. ISBN 0345216210.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Robert Wilonsky (Oct 1999). "The trouble with "Trek"". salon.com. Retrieved 2007-02-07.
- ^ a b "'Star Trek' turns 40". 2006-08-18. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
- ^ Star Trek TV show URL accessed August 21, 2006
- ^ Paul Davidson (Aug 2006). "Original Star Trek Getting Upgrade?". IGN. Retrieved 2007-02-07.
- ^ Andy Dursin review of DVD release at The Aisle Seat
- ^ Awards for "Star Trek" (1973) by imdb
- ^ The Making of Star Trek: The Animated Series
- ^ Star Trek Animated — The Series that ran from 1973–1974 URL accessed August 21, 2006
- ^ a b Star Trek Phase II, Planned but never executed Star Trek Series URL accessed August 21, 2006
- ^ Trivia for Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979) URL accessed August 21, 2006
- ^ Judith and Garfield Reeves-Steven, Star Trek Phase II: The Lost Series, p.235 ISBN 0-671-56839-6
- ^ Star Trek: The Next Generation TV Show URL accessed August 21, 2006
- ^ The Next Generation series is arguably the best of the other series and became a springboard for subsequent additions to the Star Trek franchise. Many of the relationships and races introduced in TNG became the basis of episodes in DS9 and Voyager. Star Trek — A Short History URL accessed August 21, 2006
- ^ BBC Online — Star Trek: The Next Generation URL accessed August 21, 2006
- ^ "SciFi: On Air Schedule for Monday, June 9, 2008". Sci Fi Channel (United States). Retrieved 2008-06-03.
- ^ SPACECAST / SHOWS URL accessed January 21, 2007
- ^ Star Trek: Deep Space Nine TV Show URL accessed August 21, 2006
- ^ STARTREK.COM: Emissary. URL accessed August 21, 2006
- ^ "Review of "Inter Arma Enim Silent Leges"". Retrieved 2006-10-29.
- ^ "Trivia for Star Trek: Deep Space Nine". IMDB. Retrieved 2007-10-14.
- ^ RevolutionSF — Star Trek: Voyager : Review URL accessed August 24, 2006
- ^ Star Trek: Voyager [TV series synopsis] URL accessed April 4, 2007
- ^ STARTREK.COM : Episode (Scorpion) URL accessed August 24, 2006
- ^ STARTREK.COM : Episode (Q2) URL accessed August 24, 2006
- ^ Star Trek: Enterprise Summary URL accessed August 24, 2006
- ^ STARTREK.COM : Article URL accessed August 24, 2006
- ^ STARTREK.COM : Article URL accessed August 24, 2006
- ^ Ebert, Roger (1994-11-18). "Star Trek: Generations review". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
...even down to and including its curious tradition that the even-numbered movies tend to be better than the odd-numbered ones.
- ^ STARTREK.COM : Article URL accessed August 24, 2006
- ^ a b Social History :Star Trek as a Cultural Phenomenon URL accesses August 24, 2006
- ^ Introduction to Outer Space (1958) URL accessed August 24, 2006
- ^ TREK NATION RTF URL accessed August 24, 2006
- ^ Trekkies (1997) URL accessed August 24, 2006
- ^ 40 years since the Enterprise's inception, some of its science fiction gadgets are part of everyday life URL accessed August 24, 2006
- ^ Articles: Beam me up, Scotty! URL accessed August 24, 2006
- ^ Shuttle Orbiter Enterprise (OV-101) URL accessed August 24, 2006
- ^ "Yahoo Maps". Retrieved 2007-02-27.
- ^ Google Maps: Roddenberry Ave.
- ^ "Remastering Star Trek: TOS FX, Music Enhanced". StarTrek.com. 2006-08-31. Retrieved 2006-11-20.
- ^ "CBS Considering New Animated Trek Series For The Web". TrekMovie.com. 2006-12-13. Retrieved 2006-12-20.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Star Trek: CBS Considers a New Animated Series". TVSeriesFinale.com.com. 2007-01-03. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "CBS Forms Blu-ray/HD DVD/DVD TV Unit; Classic 'Star Trek' to Lead Title Brigade".
- ^ David Lambert (2008-03-21). "Star Trek -Status Report, Captain! Remastered Season 2 Eps ARE Coming to DVD!". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
- ^ "IDW Boldly Goes..." IGN.
- ^ Pamela McClintock (2008-02-13). "'Star Trek' pushed back to 2009". Variety. Reed Elsevier, Inc. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
- ^ Anthony Pascale (2008-04-06). "Paramount Already Thinking About Sequel To Abrams Star Trek". TrekMovie. Retrieved 2008-06-05.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ McIntee, David. Delta Quadrant - The Unofficial Guide to Star Trek Voyager, p. 1-10.
External links
- StarTrek.com—The Official Star Trek website
- StarTrekLinks.net—Star Trek actor links website
- Memory Alpha—A Star Trek encyclopedia that uses information only from canon sources licensed by Paramount.
- Memory Beta—A Star Trek encyclopedia that uses information from both canon and non-canon sources licensed by Paramount.
- CBS Video—Free full-length Star Trek: The Original Series episodes provided by CBS'
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